Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
PLANNING
Setting goal and deciding how to achieve them
2 attributes:
MISSION: what is our reason for being?
-purpose of the org.
VISION: what do we want to become?
-long term goal
Types of planning
Strategic
-top managers (1-10 yrs)
-overall direction of the org.
Tactical
-middle managers (6-24 months)
-department or similar units
Operational
-first line managers(1-52 weeks)
-specific tasks
MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
Set by Peter Brucker in 1954
Jointly set obj.
-employee & manager
-back & forth negotiation
Develop action plan: how to attain
Periodically review performance: meeting often
Give performance rewards and appraisals: discuss results
The organization
A system of consciously coordinated act or forces of two or more people
TYPES:
-for profit
-non-profit: to offer service
-mutual benefit: to aid member only
Organizational chart
Box & line illustration showing the lines of authority
Org. official position and division of labor
Hierarchies in Org. chart
Vertical
-up & down
-chain of command
-who reports to whom
Horizontal
-who specializes in what work
-left & right
Elements of the Org. Chart
-common purpose: Unification of members
-coordinated effort: working together for a common purpose
-division of labor: work specialization
-hierarchy of authority: chain of command
-span of control: # of people reporting directly to a given manager
Narrow: a manager has limited # of people reporting
Wide: several people reporting