Lecture Notes: Org Nic Chemistry

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LECTURE NOTES
Session - 2009-10
ORG NIC CHEMISTRY
TOPIC : GOC - I
CONTENTS :
1 IUPAC Nomenclature
Refer sheet GOC- I

JEE Syllabus [2009]
Concepts: Hybridisation of carbon; Sigma and pi-bonds; Shapes of molecules; Structural and
geometrical isomerism; Optical isomerism of compounds containing up to two asymmetric cen-
ters, (R,S and E,Z nomenclature excluded); IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds
(only hydrocarbons, mono-functional and bi-functional compounds); Conformations of ethane
and butane (Newman projections);
Page No.1
IUPAC NOMENCLATURE
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS:-
Organic compounds are compounds of carbon and hydrogen and the following elements may also be
present: (Halogens, N, S, P, O). There are large no. of organic compounds available and large no of organic
compounds are synthesized every year.The most important reason for large no of organic compounds is the
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property of catenation (selflinkage) in carbon.
Element Bond Energy

C CC (strongest bond)
Si
Si Si
Ge GeGe ! Decreasing order

Sn SnSn
Pb PbPb
Bond energy depends on
(i) Size of atom (Inversely proportional) Size : CC>SiSi
(ii) E.N difference along period (Directly) E.N Diff : C H < N H < O H < H F
(iii) Bond order (no. of covalet bonds b/w two atoms) (Directly) Bond order : C C < C = C < C " C
Catenation in carbon:-
# The element carbon has strongest tendency to show catenation or selflinkage due to
(a) its tetravalency so that it can form $ bonds with many elements as well as carbon itself.
(b) It can form multiple bonds (C = C, C " C). Due to its small size, there is efficient colateral overlapping
b/w two Porbitals.
Does not exist

(c) High bond energy of C C bond so that it can form strong bonds in long chains and in cylic compounds.
1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS :
Page No.2
Ex. Compounds Classification
Unsaturated
Heterocyclic , saturated
Unsaturated
Saturated
Saturated, Alicylic
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1.3 IMPORTANT TERMS:

Saturated compounds:
When all the valencies of an element are satisfied by $ covalent bonds.
Unsaturated compound:
When a compound contains one or more % bonds (C = C, C = N, N = N, C = O or C " C, C " N, N " N)
Molecular Formula (M.F.) :
The molecular formula of a compound indicates the actual number of atoms of each element present in one
molecule.
Structural Formula (S.F.):
It indicates the linkage due to covalent bond between different atoms in a molecule.
(i) Expanded Structural Formula (E.S.F.)
(ii) Condensed Structural Formula (C.S.F.)
(iii) Bondline Structural Formula (B.S.F.)
Ex. M.F. C3H8 Ex. M.F. C4H10
H H H H H H H
E.S.F. H C C C H E.S.F. H C C C C H
H H H H H H H
C.S.F. CH3 CH2 CH3 C.S.F. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3
B.S.F. or B.S.F.
Ex. B.S.F. Ex. B.S.F.
CH 3 CH CH 2 CH 3
C.S.F. M.F. C6H12
CH 3
M.F. C5H12
Homologous series :
Homologous series may be defined as a series of similarly constituted compounds in which the members
possess the same functional group, have similar chemical characteristics and have a regular gradation in
their physical properties. The two consecutive members differ in their molecular formula by CH2.
Calculation of Degree of Unsaturation (DU):-
(a) It is the hydrogen deficiency index (HDI) or Double Bond Equivalence (DBE)
Page No.3
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ORG NIC CHEMISTRY

Refer sheet GOC- I

and butane (Newman projections);

property of catenation (selflinkage) in carbon.

Element Bond Energy

Ge GeGe ! Decreasing order

Does not exist

1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS :

Ex. Compounds Classification

1.3 IMPORTANT TERMS:

Ex. B.S.F. Ex. B.S.F.

Calculation of Degree of Unsaturation (DU):-

Show me more about this topic

Nomenclature & Isomerism [1-77]

chemical bonding narayana.pdf

Fluid Mechanics for JEE Main

Conceptual Improvement of Isomerism Final DPP-372

PERIODIC TABLE & PERIODICITY-NEET

ATOMIC STRUCTURE STUDY MATERIAL & ASSIGNMENT

Bansal Classes Achiever's Comprehensive Course

ELECTRONIC EFFECTS & APPLICATIONS JEE (MAIN)

Solutions of Himanshu Pandey Probllems In General Organic Chemistry

Amine IIT JEE Organic Chemistry

Chemistry Iit Jee FORMULA

Five Point Someone-TheFullNovel

Advertisement_HRD Punjab Natinal Bank

PA Agriculture Dept 86-90-2014 Form

Jeremy Bentham 17-2-05

BC Agriculture Dept 86-90-2014

Class Assignment Indexing English

13_Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives_64-67

17 Chemistry in Action 87-90

2014-11-7 11-46-21_Advertisement of Dr H P Nayak.docx

Mole Concept-1 (a)

HIS2172_4_Early Medieval India (1)

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