BSC

Project 2: Integration of Studio V Project [Community Library]
[BLD 61303] Building Science II

Project 2: Integration Project (Community Library)
Tutor: Mr. Edwin Chan
Tang Wei Xin

0322731
Building Science II [BLD 61303] 1

Table of Content
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objectives
1.2 Project Introduction
1.3 Floor Plans
2.0 Lighting Analysis

2.1 Daylight Factor Analysis
2.1.1 Meeting Area (Second Floor)
2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis

2.2.2 Theatre (Third Floor)
2.3 PSALI
3.0 References

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objectives
The objectives of this project is to integrate the lighting analysis and design into our community library which is
located at Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman. The site selected is east-west oriented where daylighting becomes a
crucial issue to be looked into, we are required to bring in and utilize much natural lighting as possible for our
community library to reduce the consumption of energy, and natural lighting provides a better lighting condition
and produce more comfortable spatial qualities. The inadequate lighting thus required an intelligent integration
and placement of artificial lighting, to ensure a suitable and sufficient luminance in the reading spaces.
1.2 Project Introduction

This community library is located at Jalan TAR, the design intention and concept of my proposed library is to
reverberant the fading culture and reconnecting the segregated community as the site is facing the issue of
blurring identity as a memorable spot, and the library is pursuing a design to serve as a medium to build the
connection between the past communities to the younger community.
Utilization of natural lighting through building openings and monitor roof system is aimed to enhance the spatial
quality but not causing disruption to the original spatial values. Wise cooperation between daylighting and
artificial lighting is the challenge to recreate a good spatial vibe and provide sufficient luminance to the interior
spaces to give the amenities their values to allow people reading and greeting in the building.

1.3 Floor Plans




2.0 Lighting Analysis
2.1 Daylight Factor Analysis

Daylight factor is defined as the ratio of interior illuminance, Ei, to available outdoor illuminance, Eo which is the
unobstructed horizontal exterior illuminance:
DF = Ei (Indoor Illuminance) x 100%

Eo (Outdoor Illuminance)
Zone DF (%) Distribution

Very bright >6 Large (including thermal and glare problem)
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
Table 2.1.1 Daylight factors and distribution (Department of standards Malaysia, 2007).
The daylight factor concept is applicable only when the sky illuminance distribution is known or can reasonably
be estimated. In this case study, the average outdoor illuminance in Malaysia is assumed according to the
standard which is 20000 lux (refer to Table 2.1.2).
Luminance Level Example

(lux)
120,000 Brightest sunlight
110,000 Bright sunlight
20,000 Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday
1000-2000 Typical overcast day, midday
400 Sunrise/ sunset on clear day (ambient illumination)
<200 Extreme of darkest, storm clouds, midday
40 Fully overcast, sunrise/ sunset
<1 Extreme of darkest storm cloud, sunrise/ sunset
Figure 2.1.2 Daylight intensity at different condition.

Sun Shading Diagrams
Date Time Weather

1st July 2017 9 a.m. Sunny
At 9 oclock in the morning, the incident light came from East direction which directly penetrating on the east
fa ade, the rear spaces of the community library will face the issue of insufficient light, such as the meeting area
at second floor and leisure garden at first floor. The front fa ade is treated with sun screening louver fa ade
system to control the direct sunlight into the open garden while provides sufficient illuminance to the art plaza at
the ground floor. The culture hall will not be affected by the sunlight at this hour.

Date Time Weather

1st July 2017 2 p.m. Sunny
At this hour, the incident light mainly penetrates from the top of the west direction, and affects the reading area
at the rear side where there is a large openings to frame the view of the city. The issue is resolved by having a
deep recess of windows over the space stated. Louvers sun screen to be installed for the rear fa ade also
serves to reduce the heat gain from the natural light and secure the literature collections. For the ground floor,
the art plaza I will be affected by afternoon sun, but it can be overcome by the louver screening thus the interior
space will not be exposed under the sunlight directly. And the sunlight from the windows also be soften and
diffused by the plantations in the building.

Date Time Weather

1st July 2017 6 p.m. Sunny
To create a visual permeability to attract the passerby through the visibility of the activities happening in the
building, the community library is designed as a double frontage building where the rear fa ade is designed with
a lot openings to respond to the intention. Thus the evening sun will mostly affect the spaces at the rear of the
building as the east-west orientation of the library will cause discomfort to the users by allowing overexposed
natural light. It is crucial to provide a sun shading devices to reduce the direct penetration of the evening light.
Louvers sun screening fa ade syste4m and more plantations were used to diffuse the light and prevent the light
from directly entering these spaces. As the quiet lounge that provides serious reading should not have too much
glazing of lights in the space, the incident light is monitored by utilizing the plantations as natural buffered to
shade the interior spaces from evening light.

Second Floor Plan
Window Area (m2) W=5m2

Total area of Internal surfaces (m2) A=2x(8.16x3)+2x(3.8x3)+2x(8.16x3.8)
=2x(24.48+11.4+31.01)
=133.78m2
Glass transmittance corrected for dirt T=0.6
Visible sky angle in degrees from the center of the =87
window
Average reflectance of area A R=0.4
Average Daylight factor W/A x T/(1-R)
=5/133.78 x 0.6x87/(1-0.4)
=5/133.78 x 52.2/0.6
=3.25%
Daylight factor, DF DF=Ei/Eo x 100%
3.23%=(Ei/20000) x 100%
Ei =3.25x200
=650 lux

Daylight Contour
From the daylight contour analysis, it can identified that the light
can reach upon the corridor area but not penetrating on the
meeting table. Plantations are used to diffuse the direct sunlight
while the meeting area will be further illuminance by artificial
lightings.
Meeting Area
Section Analysis Diagram
Afternoon 2 p.m. where sunlight penetrates from the west fa ade (rear).
Analysis
The selected space meeting area and corridor has daylight factor of 3.25% which is considered as good
distribution of light due to the sufficient openings that allow penetration of sunlight to the corridor. On the other
hand, the indoor illuminance is at 650 lux, slightly higher than MS1525 standard for a meeting room which
range from 300-400 lux. This might cause slight discomfort to the users during the meeting, and this issue is
tackled by introducing plantations between the meeting area and the openings to provide filtration and shading
from the sunlight while maintaining a degree of comfortable lighting condition for reading and discussion
activities.

2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis

Lumen Method
Lumen method is used to calculate the light level in a room. It is a series of calculation that uses horizontal
luminance criteria to establish a uniform luminaire layout in a space. It can be calculated by dividing the total
number of lumens available in a space by the area of the space. The calculation as below:
E = n x N x F x UF x LLF
A
Where,
E =Average illuminance to cover the space
n =Number of lamps of each luminaire
N =Number of luminance
F =Lighting design lumens per lamp, i.e. Initial bare lamp luminous
UF =Utilization factor for the horizontal working plane
LLF =Light loss factor
A =Area of the horizontal working plane
Lumen method can also be calculated and used to determine the number of lights should be installed on the
site. To know the number of lamps, calculation of total luminance of the space need to be done based on the
number of fixtures and examine the sufficiency of light fixtures on that particular space.
N= ExA
F x UF x MF
Where,
N =Number of lamps required
E =Illuminance level required (Lux)
A =Area at working plane height (m2)
F =Average luminous flux from each lamp (lm)
UF =Utilization factor, an allowance for light distribution of the luminaire and the room surfaces
MF =Maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of deterioration and dirt

Room Index
Room Index, RI, is the ratio of room plan area to half wall area between the working and luminaire plans,
Which can be calculated by:
RI = LxW
Hm x (L + W)
Where,
L =Length of room
W =Width of room
Hm =Mounting height, the vertical distance between the working plane and the luminaire.
Light Loss Factor

Light loss factor is necessary to be considered when calculate Lumen Method. It is allowing forecasting the
performance of the system over a given lifetime to meet the minimum light standards it helps to minimize the
reliability of system has been planned and designed for future operation. The calculation for light loss factor is
as below:
LLF = LLD x LDD x ATF x HE x VE x BF x CD
Where,
LLD =Lamp lumen depreciation
LDD =Luminaire dirt depreciation
ATF =Ambient temperature effects
HE =Heat extraction
VE =Voltage effects
BF =Driver and lamps factors
CD =Component depreciation

Second Floor Plan
Type of fixture CoreLine slim downlight
Image of fixture
Product dimension (mm) 215 (diameter)
Type of luminous Warm white
Luminous flux (lm) 2000
Power (W) 28
Color temperature (K) 3000
Color rendering index 80
Average life rate (hours) 50000

Dimension of room (m2) L=10.3, W=4.35

Total floor area (m2) 44.805
Height of ceiling (m) 3
Type of light fixture LED Track lighting
Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) 2000
Height of luminaires (m) 3
Height of working plane (m) 1
Mounting height (Hm) 3-1=2.0
Standard Illumination required according to MS1525 350 (Meeting Room)
Reflectance factor Ceiling (White plastered ceiling) =0.7
Wall (White painted wall) =0.5
Working plane (Hardwood) =0.1
Room index, RI (K) RI=(L x W) / [Hm x (L+W)]

=(10.3x4.35)/(2x14.65)
=1.53
Utilization factor, UF 0.59

Maintenance factor, MF 0.8 (Standard)
Number of fittings required, N N= (E x A) / (F x UF x MF)
=(350x44.81)/(2000x0.59x0.8)
=16.62
N=17
Spacing to height ratio, SHR SHR =1/Hm x A/N

=1/2 x (44.81/17)
=0.81
SHR =S/Hm
0.81 =S/2.0
S =1.62m
Fitting layout Fitting required along 4.35m wall,

4.35/1.62 (m) = 2.68 ~3rows
Number of lamps in each row,
17/3 = 5.67
= 6 lamps
Spacing required for 4.35m wall,

4.35/3 = 1.45m
10.3/6 = 1.72m

First spacing for 4.35m wall will be half of the S, 1.45/2 = 0.725m
First spacing for the 10.3m wall will be 1.72/2 = 0.86m
Lighting Fittings Spacing Diagram
Meeting Area

Light Contour Diagram
Natural light contour Artificial light contour
The daylight contour on the left shows the source of natural light is only from the rear openings, the natural
lighting is not sufficient enough to maintain at average lighting condition for meeting area. The diagram on the
right shows the artificial lighting contour of the meeting area, the light is well distributed to all corners around the
room.

Third Floor Plan
Type of fixture LED Track lights
Image of fixture
Product dimension (mm) 100 (diameter)
Type of luminous Warm white
Luminous flux (lm) 480
Power (W) 10
Color temperature (K) 3000
Color rendering index 80
Average life rate (hours) 35000

Dimension of room (m2) L=8.21, W=8.11

Total floor area (m2) 61.63
Height of ceiling (m) 3
Type of light fixture LED Track lighting
Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) 800
Height of luminaires (m) 3
Height of working plane (m) 0
Mounting height (Hm) 3-0=3.0
Standard Illumination required according to MS1525 300 (Theatre)
Reflectance factor Ceiling (White plastered ceiling) =0.7
Wall (White painted wall) =0.5
Working plane (Hardwood) =0.1
Room index, RI (K) RI=(L x W) / [Hm x (L+W)]

=(8.21x8.11)/(2x16.32)
=2.04
Utilization factor, UF 0.59

Maintenance factor, MF 0.8 (Standard)
Number of fittings required, N N= (E x A) / (F x UF x MF)
=(300x61.63)/(800x0.59x0.8)
=48.96
N=49
Spacing to height ratio, SHR SHR =1/Hm x A/N

=1/3 x (61.63/49)
=0.34
SHR =S/Hm
0.34 =S/3.0
S =1.21m
Fitting layout Fitting required along 8.11m wall,

8.11/1.21 (m) = 6.70 ~7rows
Number of lamps in each row,
49/7 = 7 lamps

8.11/7 = 1.16m
8.21/7 = 1.17m

First spacing for 8.11m wall will be half of the S, 1.16/2 = 0.58m
First spacing for the 8.21m wall will be 1.17/2 = 0.585m
Lighting Fittings Spacing Diagram
Theatre

Light Contour Diagram
Natural light contour Artificial light contour
The daylight contour diagram shows the interior space of the theatre received only minimal amount of natural
light as it is restricted by small openings along the wall. The frontage of the theatre may receive certain degree
of glazing from the culture hall when the curtain is opened, yet it is not sufficient for the illumination of the
theatre. The artificial lighting contour illustrates the lighting condition after the installation of track light. The light
source is well distributed to every corners around the room, and the AV equipment corners are maintained at
middle low glazing condition. LED track lighting is recommended in the theatre as it is adjustable and the
luminous level is suitable for the needs of a theatre.

2.3 PSALI
Second Floor Plan
The PSALI light contour shows when lights of row 3, 4, 5, 6 are turned on during daytime when it is slightly
brighter.

The interior space of meeting area does not receive sufficient amount of natural lighting.
The meeting area is located at the rear side of the building, providing two openings to allow penetration of
natural lighting. But the glazing is constrained by specific time and it is not adequate to light up the whole
meeting area which may involve the activities of reading, discussing, and looking at the whiteboard. To provide
sufficient lights for the meeting area, the light fittings is planned in a way that row 3,4,5,6 will serve as the main
light source for the meeting area, while row 1 and 2 will serve to light up the corridor if it is overcast sky or
during the evening hours.

Third Floor Plan
Serving for different amenities during the occasional activities, theatre is designed with minimum natural lighting
with the complementary artificial lighting to provide the flexibility of glazing for different scenarios. Yellow zone is
the main stage lighting, which will be turned on during a speech and off while showing a projection on screen.
Red zone is the complementary for Yellow zone if the activities such as forum, and workshop requires more
lightings focus on the stage. Green zone is lightings for the seating, and Blue zone is the lightings for the
circulation.

The theatre is isolated at a certain degree to secure the amenities from disturbing factors.
Theatre is located close to the front fa ade, which a well consideration for openings is required to control the
natural lighting and noise, thus the theatre requires the mechanical lightings to achieve its reasonable glazing.
While different scenarios imposed a planning of artificial lightings to the theatre to suit different activities to
maximize the amenities of theatre.

4.0 References
Titon, E, Bostwick, A., & Ranck, 5/ (1928). Essentials in library planning (1 st ed.). Chicago: American Library
Association.
CoreLine SlimDownlight Downlights Philips Lighting.(2016). Lighting.philips.com. Retrieved 28 November

2016, from http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/proof/indoor-illuminarires/downlights/coreline-
Slimdownlight/products/family#filter={FG_LP_LAMP_COLOR_CODE=FK_LP_LCC_830_WARM}WHITE}
Lighting Materials for Simulation (2016). Lighting-materials.com. retrieved 28 November 2016, from
http://lighting-materials.com/materials/563
Ecotect Lighting Analysis Tutorial. (2016). Bldgsim. Retrieved 2 July 2017, from
hyyp://bldgsim.wordpress.com/2009/02/07/ecotect-lighting-analysis-tutorial/
Augustesen, C. (2006). Lighting design (1st ed.). [Munich]: Edition Detail.
Winchip, S.(2011). Fundamentals of lighting (1st ed.). New York: Fairchild Books.

BSC

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

BSC

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Project 2: Integration of Studio V Project [Community Library]

[BLD 61303] Building Science II

Tutor: Mr. Edwin Chan

Tang Wei Xin

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 1

2.0 Lighting Analysis

2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 2

1.2 Project Introduction

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 3

1.3 Floor Plans

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 4

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 5

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 6

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 7

2.0 Lighting Analysis

2.1 Daylight Factor Analysis

DF = Ei (Indoor Illuminance) x 100%

Zone DF (%) Distribution

Luminance Level Example

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 8

Sun Shading Diagrams

Date Time Weather

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 9

Date Time Weather

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 10

Date Time Weather

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 11

2.1.1 Meeting Area (Second Floor)

Second Floor Plan

Window Area (m2) W=5m2

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 12

Section Analysis Diagram

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 13

2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 14

Light Loss Factor

LLF = LLD x LDD x ATF x HE x VE x BF x CD

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 15

2.2.1 Meeting Area (Second Floor)

Second Floor Plan

Type of fixture CoreLine slim downlight

Product dimension (mm) 215 (diameter)

Type of luminous Warm white

Luminous flux (lm) 2000

Color temperature (K) 3000

Color rendering index 80

Average life rate (hours) 50000

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 16

Dimension of room (m2) L=10.3, W=4.35

Room index, RI (K) RI=(L x W) / [Hm x (L+W)]

Utilization factor, UF 0.59

Spacing to height ratio, SHR SHR =1/Hm x A/N

Fitting layout Fitting required along 4.35m wall,

Spacing required for 4.35m wall,

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 17

Lighting Fittings Spacing Diagram

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 18

Light Contour Diagram

Natural light contour Artificial light contour

Building Science II [BLD 61303] 19

2.2.2 Theatre (Third Floor)

Third Floor Plan