Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
supports. In this case, the supports are the wide flange stringers used as
primary members in the superstructure.
Se supone que la cubierta acta como una viga que es continua sobre sus
soportes. En este caso, los soportes son los largueros de ancho utilizados
como miembros primarios en la superestructura.
one of the main advantages of using a composite beam when dealing with
prestressed concrete is that it allows for fabrication of the girders at a
location off-site ...
Una de las principales ventajas del uso de una viga compuesta cuando se trata
de hormign pretensado es que permite la fabricacin de las vigas en un lugar
fuera de sitio ..
The criteria governing the size of the effective flange width is very similar
to that for steel-concrete composite beams.
Los criterios que rigen el tamao de la anchura efectiva de la brida son muy
similares a los de las vigas compuestas de acero y hormign.
As with steel-concrete beams, the effective flange width is used to
determine section properties of the T-girder cross section.
Al igual que con las vigas de acero y hormign, se utiliza la anchura efectiva de
la brida para determinar las propiedades de seccin de la seccin transversal
de la viga en T.
If dissimilar concretes are used for the deck slab and the girder, a
modular ratio must be computed just as before for steel-concrete
composite girders.
When a beam is prestressed concentrically ... the top fiber must resist
compressive stresses due to both prestressing and dead and live loads
acting on the beam.
Cuando una viga es pretensada de forma concntrica ... la fibra superior debe
resistir tensiones de compresin debido tanto al pretensado como a cargas
muertas y vivas que actan sobre la viga.
While it would be foolish for anyone to answer Which one is better? one
can examine the trends and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
each.
First concrete. A 1990 FHWA study indicated that, out of 723 new bridges
slated for construction, 414 were to be constructed out of prestressed
concrete: just over 57 percent.
Quite naturally, advocates of the use of steel would beg to differ on many,
if not all of these points. With regard to maintenance, Steel proponents
would argue that, while steel shows corrosion more readily than concrete,
it is more easily maintained because the deterioration is visible. Concrete,
they argue, hides deterioration until spalling has occurred. If a
prestressing tendn fails, then replacement rather than maintenance is
required.
One thing few designers will admit, however, is that they are driven by
what they know best and if that is steel, then they will gravitate toward
these types of structures. If the engineer is more familiar with concrete,
then a prestressed concrete structure will more tan likely win out. The
accompanying quote by Bruce Noel bears this out. Although in this
particular instance, the engineer was referring to protective coating
systems, the same is true for any design detail.
There is nothing inherently bad about this. In fact, it is only human nature.
Both steel and concrete offer quality products. There are too many
functional structures out there for it to be otherwise. As professionals, we
must work toward making proper use of each material and applying it in
as unbiased a fashion as possible.
Naturalmente, los partidarios del uso del acero podran diferir en muchos, si no
en todos estos puntos. Con respecto al mantenimiento, los defensores del
acero argumentaran que, si bien el acero muestra corrosin ms fcilmente
que el concreto, es ms fcil de mantener porque el deterioro es visible. El
hormign, sostienen, esconde el deterioro hasta que se ha producido el
desprendimiento. Si falla un tendn de pretensado, se requiere sustitucin en
lugar de mantenimiento.
Una cosa que pocos diseadores admitirn, sin embargo, es que son
conducidos por lo que saben mejor y si eso es acero, entonces gravitarn hacia
estos tipos de estructuras. Si el ingeniero est ms familiarizado con el
concreto, entonces una estructura de hormign pretensado tendr ms
bronceado. La cita que acompaa de Bruce Noel confirma esto. Aunque en
este caso particular, el ingeniero se refera a los sistemas de recubrimiento
protector, lo mismo es cierto para cualquier detalle de diseo.
As is the case with any sign convention, consistency is the rule and as long as
the designer adheres to whatever standard he or she establishes, the results
should be the same.
Finalmente, habr una prdida de pretensado en los tendones que... puede ser
iniciado por varios factores contribuyentes.
AASHTO provides a map of the USA with relative humidity values plotted
as continuous... if necessary, however, more refined methods can be
used.
The onset of creep is assumed to occur after the prestressing force has
been applied and the superimposed dead loads are placed on the
member.