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Military History Timeline - 1800-1849
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The combat of Bormida (20 April 1800) saw the failure of an attempt by General
1800 20 April Suchet to regain contact with the main body of the French Army of Italy around
Genoa.
The combat of Borghetto (2 May 1800) was an Austrian victory that saw them force
2 May
Suchet and the left wing of the Army of Italy to retreat further away from contact with
the rest of the army at Genoa.
The combat of the Col de Tende (6 or 7 May 1800) was an Austrian victory that
6 or 7 May
forced the French to abandon a defensive position in the pass that marks the border
between the Maritime and Ligurian Alps and retreat back towards Nice.
The combat of Oneglia (7 May 1800) was one of a series of minor Austrian victories
7 May
that forced the left wing of the French Army of Italy under General Suchet to abandon
their last positions on the Italian Riviera and retreat behind the Var River
The combats on the Var of 13-28 May 1800 marked the high point of Austrian
12-28 May
success during the fighting in Italy in 1800, and saw an Austrian force under Melas
and Elsnitz attempt to destroy Suchet's left wing of the French Army of Italy.
18 May The combat of Chtillon (18 May 1800) was a French victory early in the campaign
that ended at Marengo
The siege of Fort Bard (21 May-2 June 1800) saw a small Austrian garrison hold up
21 May-2 June
the passage of Napoleon's artillery during the French advance into Italy at the start of
the campaign that ended at Marengo.
24 May The combat of Ivrea (24 May 1800) was a French victory during Napoleon's advance
into Italy early in the campaign that ended at Marengo.
The battle of Romano-Chiusella (26 May 1800) was a French victory that saw their
26 May advance guard under Lannes force the Austrians to retreat from the Chiusella River
back towards Turin, and that helped convince the Austrian commanders that
Napoleon was heading south towards Genoa
31 May The combat of Turbigo (31 May 1800) was a French victory that cleared the way for
Napoleon to enter Milan and split the Austrian armies in northern Italy in two

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The combat of Breglio (1-2 June 1800) was a minor French victory (Suchet) that
1-2 June
forced the Austrians (Elsnitz) to retreat from the Col de Tende, his best line of retreat
from France into Italy.
2 June
End of siege of Fort Bard (21 May-2 June 1800)

The combat of Forcoin (3 June 1800) was a minor French victory during the fighting
3 June
in the maritime Alps in 1800 that saw the Austrians forced out of a position in the
mountains east of the Roya River.
The battle of Casteggio-Montebello (9 June 1800) was a hard fought French victory
9 June
that came as the main French and Austrian armies in Piedmont were closing in on
each other in the build-up to the battle of Marengo
The combat of Marengo (13 June 1800) was a minor French victory on the evening
13 June
before the battle of Marengo that badly disrupted the Austrian plans for the following
day by giving the French command of a crucial bridge in the village of Marengo.
The battle of Marengo (14 June 1800) was a major French victory that helped to
14 June
secure Napoleon's power as First Consul as well as expelling the Austrians from most
of Italy

1802 27 March Peace of Amiens, treaty that led to a short lived peace between Britain and France.

The combat of Wertingen (8 October 1805) was the first significant fighting of the
1805 8 October Ulm campaign, and saw part of the French advance guard defeat an Austrian column
ten miles to the south of the Danube.
The combat of Gunzburg (9 October 1805) saw a French corps under Marshal Ney
9 October capture the bridge over the Danube at Gunzburg, tightening the French noose around
Mack's Austrian army at Ulm and also delaying a planned Austrian offensive north of
the river.
The battle of Albeck (11 October 1805) saw a badly outnumbered French force hold
11 October
its own against an Austrian column attempting to escape from Ulm (War of the Third
Coalition).
The battle of Elchingen (14 October 1805) saw the French fight their way from the
14 October
south to the north bank of the Danube, making up for a misjudgement on Napoleon's
part and also thwarting an Austrian attempt to escape from Ulm.
The combat of Michelberg (16 October 1805) saw the French push the Austrians out
16 October
of a key position outside Ulm, making the surrender at Ulm of 20 October almost
inevitable.
20 October
Battle of Ulm, French victory over Austrians (Napoleonic Wars)

21 October Battle of Trafalgar, decisive British naval victory over combined French and Spanish
fleets

5 November The battle of Amstetten (5 November 1805) was one of a number of rearguard actions
fought as General Kutuzov attempted to elude Napoleon in the aftermath of the

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Austrian surrender at Ulm.

The battle of Durnstein (11 November 1805) saw an isolated French force north of the
11 November
Danube come close to being destroyed by a much larger Austro-Russian Army, before
French reinforcements saved the day.
15-16 The combat of Hollabrunn (15-16 November 1805) was a delaying action fought by
November the Russian that helped prevent Napoleon from trapping Kutuzov's army before it
could join up with another Russian army approaching from the north.

The battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805), or the Battle of the Three Emperors, was
2 December one of Napoleon's most impressive victories and saw him inflict a crushing defeat on
an Austro-Russian army, in the process knocking Austrian out of the War of the Third
Coalition.
The Convention of Schnbrnn (15 December 1805) was an alliance between Prussia
15 December
and France forced on the Prussians in the aftermath of Napoleon's great victory at
Austerlitz.
The combat of Ostrolenka (16 February 1807) was a minor French victory won on the
1806 16 February right flank of their long front in Poland, and ended a Russian attempt to push the
French back in the south.
The War of the Fourth Coalition (1806-1807) saw Napoleon defeat Prussia at Jena
and Auerstdt in 1806, and Russia at Friedland in 1807, and the resulting Peace of
Tilsit marked the high point of Napoleon's power.
The battle of Schleiz (9 October 1806) was a minor clash early in the War of the
9 October
Fourth Coalition and saw the French defeat an isolated detachment on the left of the
Prussian army.
The battle of Saalfeld (10 October 1806) was the first major clash during the War of
10 October
the Fourth Coalition and saw a French column defeat a smaller Prussian force under
Prince Louis Ferdinand
The battle of Auerstdt (14 October 1806) was the most important of two
simultaneous French victories over the Prussians and saw Marshal Davot with a
single corps defeat the main body of the Prussian army while further south Napoleon
14 October with most of the Grand Arme defeated the smaller Prussian flank guard at Jena.

The battle of Jena (14 October 1806) was one of two simultaneous battles won by the
French on the same day and saw Napoleon with most of the Grand Arme defeat the
Prussian flank guard at Jena while Marshal Davout defeated the main Prussian force
further north at Auerstdt.
17 October The battle of Halle (17 October 1806) was a French victory over the intact Prussian
reserve army in the aftermath of the battles of Jena and Auerstdt.

2o October-11 The siege of Magdeburg (20 October-11 November 1806) came in the aftermath of
November the twin French victories at Jena and Auerstdt, and the surrender of the city marked
the end of significant Prussian resistance in 1806.

21 November Napolean announced the Continental System, aimed at defeating Great Britain
through a trade blockade of the continent.

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The combat of Czarnowo (23 December 1806) saw the French establish a bridgehead
on the east bank of the River Ukra, at the point where it flows into the River Bug
23 December (War of the Fourth Coalition).

The combat of Biezun (23 December 1806) saw the defeat of a Prussian attempt to
recapture Biezun on the Ukra River, a key position that connected the Prussians to
their Russian allies.
The battle of Pultusk (26 December 1806) was one of two inconclusive battles fought
on the same day between French and Russian forces, and was one of the first hints
26 December that the Russians might be a difficult opponent for Napoleon.

The battle of Golymin (26 December 1806) was one of two inconclusive battles
fought between French and Russian armies in the Prussian partition of Poland on the
same night.
The combat of Mohrungen (25 January 1807) saw Bernadotte's corps defeat part of a
1807 25 January Russian army that was attempting to attack the isolated left wing of Napoleon's army
in Poland in the winter of 1806-7.
The battle of Jonkowo (3 February 1807) was an inconclusive battle that allowed the
3 February
Russians to escape from a trap set for them by Napoleon after the Russians attempted
to attack the left flank of the French army in Prussia.
The combat of Hof (6 February 1807) was a rearguard action fought between the
6 February
Russian rearguard under Barclay de Tolly and the advancing French during the
Russian retreat before the battle of Eylau.
The battle of Eylau (8 February 1807) was the first major setback suffered by
8 February
Napoleon on the battlefield and was a costly inconclusive battle fought in the snow in
East Prussia.
The battle of Friedland (14 June 1807) was the final battle of the War of the Fourth
14 June
Coalition, and was a major French victory that forced Tsar Alexander to begin peace
talks.
7 & 9 July The two treaties of Tilsit (7 and 9 July 1807) ended the War of the Fourth Coalition
and saw Napoleon impose very different terms on the Russians and Prussians.
November
Outbreak of Peninsular War (1807-14), part of Napoleonic War

1808 29 February French troops capture the citadel of citadel of Pamplona, the first of a series of
surprise attacks on Spanish border fortifications.

16 February
French troops take the Barcelona by trickery.

5 March
The Spanish fortress of San Sebastian surrenders to the French

18 March
French troops take the citadel of Figueras by trickery

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The battle of Alcolea was a French victory early in the Peninsular War won over an
7 June army of Spanish volunteers outside Cordova

The sack of Cordova was an early indication of the ferocity which would be a
distinguishing feature of the Spanish uprising against French Rule
8 June The action at Tudela of was the first of three attempts by the Spanish to defeat or
delay a French army that was marching towards Saragossa.
12 June The battle of Cabezon was a crushing French victory won against an inexperienced
Spanish army under the command of captain-general Don Gregorio de la Cuesta.

13 June The action at Mallen was the second of three Spanish attempts to stop a French army
under General Lefebvre-Desnouettes from reaching Saragossa.
The battle of Alagon was the third of three attempts made by Joseph Palafox, the
14 June
captain-general of Aragon, to stop a French column under General Lefebvre-
Desnouettes from reaching Saragossa.
The first siege of Saragossa, (to 14 August 1808), saw the Spanish successfully
15 June defend the almost unfortified city against a strong French attack, and was an early
demonstration of the determination with which the Spanish would defend some of
their cities.
17 June The storm of Mataro was a minor French victory that came just before General
Duhesmes first attempt to capture Gerona in June 1808.

20-21 June The first siege of Gerona was the first of three French attempts to seize this city,
which blocked their lines of communication between Barcelona and Perpignan

The action at the River Cabriels saw a French army under Marshal Moncey sweep
21 June
aside part of a small Spanish force that had been left to watch the northern route
between Madrid and Valencia.
23-24 June The action of Epila was a night battle that saw the French defeat a Spanish force
attempting to raise the first siege of Saragossa.

24 June The action at the Cabrillas Defile saw the defeat of the last Spanish attempt to stop a
French army under Marshal Moncey from reaching Valencia.

The first battle of Valencia was one of a series of Spanish victories early in the
26-28 June
Peninsular War. A French force under Marshal Moncey launched two assaults against
the defenders of Valencia and was repulsed twice.
14 July The battle of Medina del Rio Seco was a French victory early in the Peninsular War
won by Marshal Bessires against a much larger Spanish army.

19 July The battle of Baylen was a crucial Spanish victory early in the Peninsular War that
encouraged both Spanish resistance and Napoleons enemies across Europe.
24 July-16
The second siege of Gerona was a second unsuccessful French attempt to capture the
August
city of Gerona

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29 July
The battle of Evora was a French victory during the Portuguese rebellion of 1808.

August-17
The siege of Barcelona was one of the great missed opportunities of the Peninsular
December
War - for over four months large Spanish armies sat inactive around the city, until
1808
driven away by a French relief force under St. Cyr

14 August
End of the first siege of Saragossa (from 15 June) when the French abandon the siege.

The battle of Rolica was the first battle during the British involvement in the
17 August
Peninsular War, and the first victory for Sir Arthur Wellesley (the future duke of
Wellington)
The battle of Vimiero was the decisive battle of the first British expedition to Portugal
21 August
during the Peninsular War and saw Arthur Wellesley defeat a French attack on his
position
22 August
Convention of Cintra, allowing French troops to evacuate Portugal

31 October The battle of Zornoza of was a French victory that came just before the start of
Napoleons campaign in Spain in November 1808.

6 November-5
The siege of Rosas was the first engagement during General Gouvion St. Cyrs
December
campaign in Catalonia in the winter of 1808.

8 November The skirmish at Valmeceda was a minor French victory in the aftermath of their
victory at Zornoza on 31 October 1808.
10 November The battle of Gamonel was the first French victory during Napoleons November
1808 campaign in Spain.
10-11
The battle of Espinosa de los Monteros was a major French victory during Napoleons
November
November 1808 campaign in Spain.

The battle of Tudela was a major French victory that sealed the success of Napoleons
23 November
great plan of double-envelopment during the one campaign he conducted in person in
Spain.
30 November The battle of the Somosierra Pass was the final Spanish attempt to stop Napoleon
reaching Madrid during his 1808 campaign in Spain.
1-4 December The siege of Madrid was the final French success during Napoleons only campaign
in Spain.

16 December The battle of Cardadeu was a French victory that ended the Spanish siege of
Barcelona.
17 December
French troops raise the siege of Barcelona

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20 December The second siege of Saragossa ( to 20 February 1809), was an epic struggle that
encouraged Spanish resistance to the French throughout the Peninsular War.
The battle of Sahagun was a British cavalry victory during Sir John Moores
21 December campaign in northern Spain in the winter of 1808.

The battle of Molins del Ray was the final battle during General St. Cyrs campaign
to raise the siege of Barcelona.
29 December The battle of Benavente was a rear-guard action during Sir John Moores retreat to
Corunna.

30 December The battle of Mansilla was a French victory over the rearguard of a Spanish army
under General La Romana, fought during Sir John Moores retreat to Corunna.

1809 3 January The action at the defile of Cacabellos was a minor British victory during Sir John
Moores retreat to Corunna.

5 January The skirmish at Constantino was a rear-guard action during Sir John Moores retreat
to Corunna in the winter of 1808-1809.
The fighting at Lugo was the closest that the British and French came to fighting a
7 January
full scale battle during Sir John Moores retreat to Corunna over the winter of
1808-1809.
10 January The straggler's battle at Betanzos was an incident late in Sir John Moores retreat to
Corunna in the winter of 1808-1809.
The battle of Ucles was a major French victory close to Madrid early in 1809. It saw a
13 January French army under Marshal Victor destroy the vanguard of the Spanish Army of the
Centre, under General Venegas, and ended any chance of a quick Spanish return to
Madrid.
16 January The battle of Corunna, 16 January, was the final fight during Sir John Moores retreat
from Spain in the winter of 1808-1809. a
26 January The combat of Alcaiz was a minor French victory over a Spanish force outside
Saragossa during the second siege of Saragossa

17-18
The combat of Igualada saw the French defeat the left wing of an ambitious Spanish
February
offensive aimed at recapturing Barcelona.

The combat of Mora was an inconclusive clash between a Spanish raiding party under
18 February
the Duke of Albuquerque and a brigade of French dragoons under the command of
General Digeon.
20 February
End of the second siege of Saragossa

25 February The battle of Valls saw the French defeat the right wing of an ambitious Spanish
offensive aimed at recapturing Barcelona.
10-11 March The combat of Chaves was an early French victory during Marshal Soults invasion of
1809 Portugal of March 1809.

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