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ENGLISH ASSIGNMENT
By :
Veni Andriana
061530100755
Class : 1 SC
Lecturer:
Eriza, S.PD.,MPD.
2015/2016
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PREFACE
Praise be to God who has helped his servant finish this paper with great ease. Without
help she may not to be able to complete the author well.
The paper is organized so that readers can find out how to calculated the need for
bricks in a bulding in a more specific and detailed.
Authors also thanks the teachers/ lecturers who have helped to finish this paper.
Hopefully this paper can provide a broader insight to the reader. Although this paper
has advantages and disadvantages. Authors beg for advise and criticism. Thank you.
Writers
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 3
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CHAPTER 1
PRELIMINARY
1.1 Background
The city is a place for many people to do various activities, to ensure the health and
comfort there must be a population of adequate sanitation, such as drainage. With the
drainage of the rainwater can distributed so that flooding can be avoided and will not cause
the impact on public health disorders as well as community activities will not be disturbed.
Drainage is a system for channeling rain water. This system has a very important role in
creating a healthy environment, especially in densely populated areas such as in urban
areas.Waste management is not good can lead to blockage of the drainage system, which can
cause overflow of water due to reduced flow of water can be collected and distributed by
drainage. Population growth is also a problem itself for the drainage capacity. Increasing
population means more infrastructure, which is accompanied by the increasing amount of
waste released into the environment.
To determine the definition of drainage , shapes of drainage, drainage used, the system of
drainage, and the construction of drainage.
In order for us to know the the definition of drainage , shapes of drainage, drainage used,
the system of drainage, and the construction of drainage
CHAPTER 2
DISCUSSION
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2.1 DEFINITION OF DRAINAGE
Drainage or steaming is the removal of the mass of water in natural or artificial surface or
subsurface of a place. This can be done with the disposal drain, drain, discard, or divert water
. Irrigation and drainage is an important part in structuring the water supply system in
agriculture and layout.
1. Dry the area muddy and puddles so that no ground water accumulation.
2. Lowering the water table at an ideal level.
3. Controlling soil erosion, damage to roads and buildings.
4. Controlling excessive rain water so it does not disaster flood.
5. Drain the water surface to the body of water (surface water and
below ground level) or buildings catchment.
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Created in areas that have a slightly higher topography of the river. The end of the
discharge channel of the river as being the end located in the city center.
b. Parallel
The main channel is parallel to the branch channel. With a branch line (secondary) are
quite numerous and short, in case of urban development, the channels will be able to adjust.
c. grid Iron
For areas where the river is located in the suburbs, so that the channels of branches are
collected at the collection channel.
d. Natural
Just like the elbow pattern, only the load of the river on a larger natural patterns
e. radial
In the hilly area, so that the channel pattern scattered in all directions.
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2. This type of rectangular channels
channel cross-sectional shape of the square is a form created by retrofitting requirements
talud (keculi solid ground). In terms of the four types of channels:
a. retrofitting of masonry broken
b. strengthening embankments with hollow concrete
c. strengthening embankments with reinforced concrete pile site
d. retrofitting with piles
Serves to accommodate and channel rainwater runoff with large discharge. The nature of the
flow is continuous with minor fluctuations. Serves to channel rain water sewage to discharge
small. This channel is commonly used form channels for the bulk of the population and on the
side of the dense residential street.
2) Closed channel closed channel is part of the channel drainage systems in certain places
such as regional markets, trade and so that the soil surface is not allowed to be made open
channels. Closed channels can be divided into two kinds:
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1 open channel closed
The advantage is the upper part of the closed channel can be used for various
purposes.
The disadvantage is the maintenance of closed channels is much more difficult, let alone
awareness in Indonesia is still low in terms of supporting existing sampah.Fasilitas
disposal is in line equipped with control holes or man-hole and There are also trash mouth
filter channels.
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Calculation:
Tip: To calculate the total concrete volume, should be done with Complete and Thorough.
The calculation begins with a thorough cross-section area as well. Because the longer the
channel to be calculated, the greater the difference in volume due to the possibility of
inaccuracy in the cross-section area calculation.
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a. Duct Floor broad cross-section = ((0.84 + 0.80): 2) x 0.12 <----- (unit changed in
Meters) = 0.0984 m2
b. Broad cross-section of Wall Channel (2-sided) = (0.15 x 0.79) x 2 = 0.237 m2.
2. Add the cross-section area Duct Floor and Wall Channels = 0.0984 + 0.237 = 0.3354 m2
3. Volume Concrete Floor and Wall Channels = 0.3354 x Length Channels
= 0.3354 m2 x 500 m = 167.7 m3.
4. Now we can calculate the volume of Concrete Beams Confessor (Score), which in Figure
1 is known is made at each distance 250cm (2.5 meter), (Detail Beams see Figure 3).
a. Volume 1 piece Beam = 0.15 x 0.15 x ((0.8 + 0.75): 2) = 0.0174375 m3
b. Number of beams = (500m: 2.5 m) + 1 = 201 pieces
c. Volume 201 m3 Beams = 0.0174375 x 201 = 3,50 m3
5. Volume Concrete Total = 167.7 m3 + 3.50 m3 = 171.2 m3
CHAPTER III
COVER
3.1 CONCLUSION
3.2 ADVICE
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As a student in Civil Engineering we should pay more attention to all aspects relating to
development. But not only the development should be considered, maintenance is equally
important.
Revamping the drainage system needs to be done because it proved the drainage system
has contributed the most to the deterioration of the road. Improvement of drainage system can
be done by looking at the level of cleanliness of the drainage channels so as not to disturb the
flow of water or with
taking into account the dimensions of the drainage channel.
Of this paper, the authors hope that readers pay attention to environmental awareness
around and keeping our country in the future of our country could be better.
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