Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
de la ASOCIACIN ARGENTINA de
GEOFSICOS Y GEODESTAS
CRDOBA
2 al 5 de Noviembre de 2010
RESMENES
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 2
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
INDICE
Conferencias Invitadas
ES EL MOVIMIENTO SOLAR BARICNTRICO FORZANTE DE CAMBIOS CLIMTICOS Y
DE LA ACTIVIDAD ENDGENA TERRESTRE?
Compagnucci Rosa Hilda y Rodolfo Gustavo Cionco....................................................................20
EVALUACIN DEL MODELO SLIM COMO PREDICTOR DEL TEC EN UNA ESTACIN
SUDAMERICANA DE BAJA LATITUD
L. A. Scid, R. G. Ezquer, M. A. Cabrera, C. Brunini, M.Mosert, E. Kiorcheff .............................28
Geodesia
CONTRIBUCIN ARGENTINA A LA GEODESIA ANTRTICA A PARTIR DE LA SCAR 95
EPOCH GPS CAMPAIGN SINOPSIS
Zakrajsek, A. F, Schenke, H.W., Smalley, R., Scheinert, M., Streitenberger, M., Peretti, A.L. y
Santillana, S.N .......................................................................................................................39
Geofsica Aplicada
CARACTERIZACIN GEOFSICA DE DOS CRTERES DEL CAMPO DE DISPERSIN DE
CRTERES DE BAJADA DEL DIABLO, ARGENTINA
Claudia B. Prezzi, Mara Julia Orgeira, Rogelio Acevedo, Federico Ponce, Oscar Martnez,
Carlos Vsquez, Hugo Corbella, Mauricio Gonzlez y Jorge Rabassa ........................................72
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 6
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Geomagnetismo
PERTURBACIONES EN LA ATMSFERA SUPERIOR (IONOSFERA-TERMOSFERA)
DURANTE TORMENTAS GEOMAGNTICAS
Gustavo A. Mansilla y Marta Zossi de Artigas .............................................................................90
Hidrologa
IMPLEMENTACIN DE UN PERFILMETRO LSER BIDIMENSIONAL PARA MEDIR
RUGOSIDAD EDFICA EN LOTES AGRCOLAS
M. Barber, P. Perna, F. Grings, M. Piscitelli, H. Karszenbaum ..................................................137
Climatologa y Meterologa
ESTIMACIN DE DESPLAZAMIENTO DE FLUJO DE HIELO EN EL GLACIAR VIEDMA A
PARTIR DE PROCESAMIENTO DINSAR CON IMGENES ERS
Natalia Riveros, Sebastin Balbarani, Pablo Euillades ...............................................................149
Oceanografa
TELECONEXIONES EN LA TEMPERATURA SUPERFICIAL DEL MAR DEL OCANO
PACIFICO
Ana Laura Berman, Gabriel Silvestri , Rosa Compagnucci .....................................................208
Sismologa
MONITOREO CONJUNTO UNIVERSIDAD-COMUNA: ESTRATEGIA PARA LA
CONCIENTIZACIN DEL RIESGO SSMICO EN TOLHUIN, TIERRA DEL FUEGO
N. Sabbione , E. Villa , G. Connon , P. Villena , M. Rodriguez , J.L. Hormaechea, N. Barbosa .218
Gravimetra
ANLISIS PRELIMINAR DE LA GRAN SEQUA DEL AO 2009 EN LA PROVINCIA DE
BUENOS AIRES A PARTIR DE DATOS DE LA MISIN GRACE
Claudia Tocho y Luis Guarracino ..............................................................................................................235
Volcanologa
REGMENES ERUPTIVOS CONTRASTANTES: UNA APROXIMACIN PROBABILSTICA
SIMPLE
Miguel J. Haller y Mariano Coscarella .....................................................................................................242
Conferencias Invitadas
Es el movimiento solar baricntrico forzante de cambios climticos y de la actividad
endgena terrestre?
Palabras clave: relacin Sol-Clima, Vulcanismo, Movimiento Solar Baricntrico acople spin-bita,
Pequea Edad de Hielo
La relacin Sol-Clima ha sido motivo de muchas investigaciones. Desde hace unas dcadas se
comenz a investigar el acople spin-rbita entre el Sol y los planetas Jovianos. De acuerdo a
varios autores esta podra ser responsable de variaciones en el nmero de manchas solares,
modulando la intensidad del ciclo de 11 aos y la irradiancia solar total (IST).
En este trabajo se presentan resultados previos y propios que intentan trazar una vinculacin
fenomenolgica entre el Movimiento Solar Baricntrico (MSB) y el clima terrestre. El modelado
del MSB para el perodo que va entre los aos 800 al 2100 permiti comparar diversas variables
dinmicas representativas del MSB con el nmero de manchas solares.
Se analizan los tres perodos en que el MSB resulta retrgrado: 1) 1632, coincidente con el
comienzo del Mnimo de Maunder (1645 a 1715), enfriamiento global adjudicado a intensa
actividad volcnica y disminucin de la irradiancia solar; 2) 1811, simultneo al Mnimo de Dalton
(1790-1830) y previo a la erupcin del Tambora de 1815 que produjo el ao sin verano y 3) el
ms reciente de 1990, coincidentemente posterior a la erupcin del Pinatubo, en 1991 y seguido
de una actividad endgena terrestre notable. Son muchas las preguntas que derivan de estos
estudios: Es el preludio de un nuevo mnimo solar? Ser sta la razn del estancamiento de
las temperaturas globales en meseta desde 1998? Algunos pronostican un mnimo prolongado y
el comienzo de una nueva Pequea Edad de Hielo Podr el efecto antropognico amortiguar el
enfriamiento? Despus del movimiento retrgrado de 1632 el vulcanismo se increment por un
lapso de casi un siglo. Continuar y se incrementar an ms la actividad endgena terrestre?
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 21
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
El proyecto Estudio de los tornados en la Repblica Argentina comenz en 1971 a raz de una
observacin fortuita de un tornado en el partido de Pehuaj y desde sus comienzos se trat de
abarcar los siguientes aspectos del fenmeno severo:
el fsico que estudia la intensidad de los daos, el ancho, el largo y la direccin de la trayectoria
que son parmetros que reflejan la magnitud y la duracin del vrtice;
el climatolgico que estudia la frecuencia anual de ocurrencia, su variacin mensual y la
distribucin geogrfica;
el sinptico que estudia las condiciones dinmicas y termodinmicas de la atmsfera reinantes
antes y durante la ocurrencia de un tornado como base para la emisin de alertas
meteorolgicos.
Ms tarde se agreg el estudio estadstico de su ocurrencia como base para la estimacin del
riesgo que estos fenmenos representan para obras civiles de envergadura. Los resultados del
proyecto se aplicaron en el clculo de riesgo de tornados en las centrales atmicas de Atucha II
y Embalse y en varios tramos del sistema nacional interconectado de transmisin de energa
elctrica de 500KV.
Otros de los objetivos del proyecto fue el estudio de las corrientes descendentes originadas en
tormentas locales severas. Se determinaron las caractersticas de esas corrientes mediante
tareas de campo y se desarroll un mtodo para el clculo del riesgo de estos fenmenos sobre
blancos puntuales y blancos extendidos.
Se firmaron convenios con la Comisin de Energa Atmica, la Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear,
con HIDRONOR y con Agua y Energa Soc. Del Estado y con la Direccin Provincial de Defensa
Civil Bonaerense . Todas ellas contribuyeron en grado sumo al avance del proyecto.
Se organiz y se mantiene una base de datos con la informacin recopilada en las tareas de
campo y con la informacin extrada mediante la revisin sistemtica de diarios nacionales y
provinciales ms importantes. La base de datos contiene casos ocurridos desde 1930 hasta el
presente y tambin casos histricos anteriores. Se editaron desde 1984 hasta 1999 los
Boletines anuales Tormentas Severas y Tornados que se entregaron en Bibliotecas Populares
de ciudades y pueblos de las provincias argentinas.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 22
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
La metodologa de Wavelet Coherency (WTC) es una herramienta muy til para encontrar
regiones en el espacio de frecuencias donde dos series temporales tienen una fuerte conexin.
Si bien existen numerosos antecedentes de la aplicacin de esta metodologa en diversas
reas de la ciencia, no hay antecedentes de su uso en el anlisis de la covariabilidad entre la
Temperatura Superficial del Mar (TSM) de diferentes regiones de los ocanos del Hemisferio
Sur. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es investigar como es la relacin entre distintas
regiones del ocano Pacifico segn los resultados del anlisis WTC.
El estudio fue realizado para el periodo 1950-2007 utilizando el promedio anual de las
anomalas mensuales de TSM del ocano Pacifico entre 10N y 40S. Las anomalas fueron
definidas respecto a la media del periodo 1961-1990. Las regiones del Pacifico fueron
seleccionadas como las tpicas reas de las regiones EN4, EN3.4, EN3 y EN1+2 adems de
reas representando la variabilidad de la TSM en el este, centro y oeste del Pacifico subtropical.
Los resultados ms importantes pueden sintetizarse como sigue.
i) Las regiones este y oeste del Pacifico tropical tienen fuerte covariabilidad en oscilaciones ms
cortas de 8 aos habiendo una prdida de la relacin estadsticamente significativa entre estas
regiones en las oscilaciones ms largas.
ii) Relaciones significativas de tipo lineal o casi lineal se observan entre las regiones del Pacifico
subtropical central y oeste, excepto en las periodicidades ms cortas.
iii) Las relaciones entre el Pacifico tropical y el subtropical son significativas en diferentes bandas
de periodicidades pero en todos los casos son de carcter no estacionario.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 23
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The wavelet coherency (WTC) is a very useful tool to find regions in time frequency space
where two time series have a strong connection. Although there are abundant bibliography abut
the use of this methodology in different areas of science, there are not antecedents about its
application in the analysis of covariability between the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in
different regions of the Southern Hemisphere oceans. Therefore, the aim of this study is to
investigate how are the connections between different regions of the Southern Hemisphere
portion of the Pacific Ocean according the results of the WTC analysis.
The study was made for the period 1950-2007 using the annual mean of monthly anomalies of
SST in the Pacific between 10N and 40S defining the anomalies regarding to the mean value in
the period 1961-1990. Regions in the Pacific were selected as the typical areas of EN4, EN3.4,
EN3 and EN1+2 regions and areas representing the variability of the SST in the east, centre and
west of the subtropical Pacific.
The most important results can be synthesized as follow.
i) Western and eastern tropical Pacific have strong covariability in oscillations shorter than 8 yrs
and there is a lack of significant link between these regions in the longest oscillations.
ii) There are linear or quasi-linear significant relationships between western and central
subtropical Pacific except in the shortest periodicities.
iii) Relationships between tropical and subtropical Pacific are significant in different bands of
periodicities but all of them are nonstationary.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 24
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Mendoza, Argentina.
Referencias:
[1]Compagnucci and Vargas 1998. Interannual variability of Cuyo rivers streamflow in
Argentinean Andean mountains and ENSO events. Int. J. of Clim,18:15-1609
[2] Montecinos, A., and P. Aceituno, 2003: Seasonality of the ENSO related rainfall variability in
central Chile and associated circulation anomalies. J. Climate, 16, 281296.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 25
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
[3]Velasco and Mendoza, 2008. Assessing the relationship between solar activity and some
large-scale climatic phenomena. Advances in Space Research,42:866878.
[4]Le Quesne, Acuna, Boninsegna, Rivera and Barichivich 2009. Long-term glacier variations in
the Central Andes of Argentina and Chile, inferred from historical records and tree-ring
reconstructed precipitation. PALEO3,281:334344.
[5]Torrence and Webster, 1999. Interdecadal changes in the ENSO-monsoon system. J
Clim,12:2679-2690.
[6]Prez-Peraza and Velasco 2008. The 30-yrs Cycle of Cosmic Rays, 37th COSPAR,2394.
[7]Velasco, Mendoza and Valds-Galicia, 2007. The 120-yrs solar cycle of the Cosmogenic
Isotopes. Proc. 30th Int. Cosmic Ray Conference.1:553556
The sea surface temperature influence in the precipitation over southern Patagonia has been
analyzed with a Wavelet Coherency (WTC) analysis. This mathematical-statistical tool lets to find
regions in time frequency space where two time series have significant covariability. Therefore,
the objective of this study is to analyze the connections between different regions of the Southern
Hemisphere oceans and the southern Patagonia precipitation using the WTC analysis.
The analyzed precipitation corresponds to the station of Rio Gallegos in the South of the
continental Patagonia. This station is located 90 km of a paleo climatic deposit of recognized
world-wide importance as it is the lagoon Potrok Aike. Therefore, the conclusions obtained in this
work constitute an important contribution to the investigations tending to discover the possible
forcing of the changes in the level of the mentioned lagoon during the last 2000 years.
The results here obtained show the significant influence of the western portions of the tropical
and subtropical Pacific in the low-frequency variability of the precipitation in the southern
Patagonia.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 27
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
(a) Laboratorio de Ionsfera, Dpto. de Fsica, FACET, Universidad Nacional de Tucumn, Av.
Independencia 1800, CP 4000, Tucumn, Argentina
(b) CONICET, Argentina
(c) CIASuR, Facultad Regional Tucumn, Universidad Tecnolgica Nacional, Argentina
(d) Instituto de Ciencias Astronmicas, de la Tierra y el Espacio (ICATE)
The maximum density of free electrons of the region f2 of the ionosphere on Boulder in
low solar activity. Comparison among values measured with ionosonde and the
predictions of the international ionosphere of reference
Ionosonde measurements obtained at Boulder (40 N; 254,7 E) during low solar activity period
were used to check the performance of International Reference Ionosphere Model to predict the
maximum electron density of F2 region (NmF2) over this station. CCIR and URSI options were
used to model calculations. The results show that better predictions are obtained using CCIR
than using URSI option. Cases with good agreement between predictions and measurements
have been obtained. Nevertheless, deviations between modeled and measured values greater
than 30% have been also observed for some cases. These results shows that significant errors
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 28
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
could be produced in the modeling of ionospheric magnitudes, as total electron content, when
NmF2 given by IRI is used as input in the model.
Evaluacin del modelo SLIM como predictor del TEC en una estacin Sudamericana de
baja latitud
(1) Laboratorio de Ionsfera, Dpto. de Fsica, FACET, Universidad Nacional de Tucumn, Av.
Independencia 1800, CP4000 Tucumn, Argentina, e-mail: lscida@herrera.unt.edu.ar,
rezquer@herrera.unt.edu.ar, mcabrera@herrera.unt.edu.ar
(2) CIASUR, Facultad Regional Tucumn, Universidad Tecnolgica Nacional, Argentina, e-mail:
rezquer@herrera.unt.edu.ar
(3) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientficas y Tecnolgicas, CONICET, Argentina,
(4) FCAG, Observatorio Astronmico, Paseo del Bosque 1900, Universidad Nacional de La Plata,
Espaa 1512 (Sur), CC 467, 5400 San Juan, Argentina, e-mail: mmosert@icate-conicet.gob.ar
Palabras clave: IRI2007, modelo SLIM, Ionosfera, TEC, GPS, densidad de electrones
En este trabajo se comparan valores calculados con el modelo semi emprico SLIM, usando el
Nmx calculado tericamente e ingresando como entrada el Nmx del mapa CCIR obtenido del
modelo IRI 2007, con datos experimentales de TEC calculados a partir de seales de satlites
GPS, para la estacin receptora Arequipa (-16.4, 288.5; latitud dip -3.55), obtenidos durante el
ao 1999 (ciclo solar de alta actividad).
Para una comparacin adicional, se incluyen valores de TEC obtenidos del modelo IRI 2007
(opcin CCIR), usando para el perfil de tope las variantes NeQuick e IRI-cor del modelo.
Los resultados muestran que el desempeo del modelo SLIM como perfilador del TEC mejora
sensiblemente cuando se introduce el Nmx del CCIR como entrada en el modelo llevando las
desviaciones porcentuales de una banda de un 60% a una de un 10% en Setiembre y de una
banda de un 60% a una de un -10% en Junio, en horas de mxima ionizacin, correspondiendo
las desviaciones mayores a los clculos efectuados con el Nmx obtenido tericamente.
Similares resultados se encontraron para las horas de mnima ionizacin con importantes
desviaciones en las primeras horas, antes del amanecer. Los valores calculados con el modelo
usando valores de Nmx del CCIR como entrada, ajustan adecuadamente a las determinaciones
experimentales, evalundolos en trminos de valores absolutos de TECU, siendo las
desviaciones en la mayora de los casos menores que 10 TECU para el solsticio de Junio y
menores que 5 TECU para el equinoccio de Setiembre.
En general, los valores de TEC obtenidos con el modelo SLIM usando datos de Nmx del
CCIR como entrada, tienen un mejor ajuste a las determinaciones experimentales (dentro de una
banda del 20%) que los valores obtenidos del IRI2007, con excepcin de los valores calculados
para las horas de mnima ionizacin, durante el solsticio de junio donde encontramos
desviaciones significativas de hasta un -60%.
Para probar el desempeo del modelo SLIM, como predictor de TEC con ms generalidad,
sera necesario continuar con su evaluacin en otras latitudes y diferentes condiciones solares,
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 29
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
esto es considerando otras estaciones GPS ubicadas latitudinalmente dentro del rango de
validez del modelo (-24 a +24 latitud dip), para las condiciones solares de mnima y mxima
actividad para equinoccio y solsticio.
Evaluation of the SLIM model as predictor of the TEC in a South American station of low
latitude
Key words: IRI2007, SLIM model, Ionosphere, TEC, GPS, electron density
In this work, TEC values calculated from SLIM semi-empiric model using both, theorically
calculated and Nmx data obtained from IRI2007 CCIR maps, as input, are compared against
measured data calculated from GPS signals, for Arequipa (-16.4, 288.5; dip latitude -3.55) during
1999 (high solar activity). TEC values obtained from IRI2007 model (CCIR option), using NeQuick
and IRI-cor topside models, are also included.
The results show that SLIM model improves its calculated values when Nmx from CCIR data
base are used as an input,i.e. from 60% deviation (using Nmx theoretical calculated) to a band
close 10% deviation (using Nmx from CCIR as an imput), in both months for maximum
ionization hours. Similar results are obtained for minimum ionization hours, but an important
deviation for the early hours before sunrise were founded. Slim model calculated data, using
Nmx from CCIR as an input, fit reasonably well with experimental measurements, when
comparing absolute TECU values, showing in most cases desagreements less than 10 TECU, for
june solstice and less than 5 TECU, for setember equinox. In general, values calculated from
SLIM model using CCIR Nmax data as input show better agreement with measured data (fitting in
a 20% deviation band in most cases) than that obtained with IRI 2007 model, except to the values
corresponding to minimum ionization hours during june solstice where deviations close to - 60%
are observed.
To test the performance of the SLIM model, as a TEC predictor more generally, it would be
necessary to continue its evaluation in other latitudes and different solar conditions, i.e.
considering GPS other stations located latitudinally within the range of validity of the model (dip
latitude -24 to +24 ) for solar minimum conditions and maximum activity for equinox and solstice.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 30
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Adrin M. Silva
Palabras clave: Dnamo solar Actividad solar Variables terrestres ionosfricas y magnticas
Anomala trmica de la Tierra.
Study of oscillations in solar - terrestrial variables and its influence in the climate system
Key Words: Solar dynamo Solar activity Ionospheric and magnetic terrestrial variables Earth
thermal anomalies
The aim of this research is to monitoring a set of fundamental and subharmonics oscillations in
several parameters of the solar activity, and the linked terrestrial variables as the temporal
evolution of aa geomagnetic index, global Earth temperature anomalies ETA and geomagnetic
storms sudden commencement SSC.
The sudden steps of the solar dynamo levels are analized as well in the terrestrial variables.
The cited oscillations are associated to production of energetic flares and particles, and to the
magnetic flux emergence, that stablish a connection between solar activity and space Earth
weather. This link is created through the solar wind and the coupling of the internal solar toroidal
magnetic field and the emergent poloidal ones, that reach the Earth. These fields present a
periodically feedback, conforming the solar cycle. Hence, the monitoring of this signals could be a
usefull tool in the terrestrial parameters forecast.
In this work are showed the results of the multiresolved wavelet analysis of oscillations with
periods in the range of 70 700 days, in the sunspot areas, solar number Rz, SSC index, global
Earth average temperature anomaly ETA and in the global aa geomagnetic index, for the solar
cycles 19 to beginning of cycle 24.
We identificate the excitation of fundamental 160 days wave and/or its submodes in all the
solar cycles considered, therefore the wave set is persistent. This waves set, also appears in
several cases, with a corresponding lags, of the order of 20 years in the terrestrial variables. The
relative intensity of normalized subharmonics were analyzed, since are important for understand
the evolution of these subphotosferic plasma waves.
From a chaotic increase in the solar activity level ocurred during 1920 1930, the 160 days
wave was excited, and initiate the cascade process of the energy flares, as those appeared
starting from the cycle 19 up to the cycle 21. It is found that the amplitude of the terrestrial
variables change together, affected by the ascending switch in the solar dynamo.
The ascending switches in the ETA levels, appears associated with solar magnetic activity, but
the follower cuasilinear growing trend do not respond to the solar forcing. The signal cited was
founded clearly in the SSC and aa terrestrial variables. Finally, the periodogram comparison allow
us measure the type and magnitude of the effect produced by the solar activity variables on
terrestrial variables that have climate influence.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 32
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Catamarca, Argentina
(4) Departamento de Ciencias de la Computacin, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologa,
Las variaciones en los chorros de alta velocidad (streams) en el viento solar y las eyecciones
de masa coronal impulsan el acoplamiento entre el ciclo de actividad solar y el estado qumico y
dinmico de la mesosfera y la estratosfera. Ambos fenmenos interactan con la magnetosfera
conduciendo a modular el flujo de precipitacin de electrones energticos (1 keV < E < 10 MeV).
La precipitacin de los electrones energticos desde la magnetosfera a la atmsfera estara
seguida de la formacin de NOy y con su transporte a la estratosfera alterara el O 3
estratosfrico. Por otro lado, en latitudes altas, la precipitacin de partculas, relacionadas con
tormentas geomagnticas y eventos protnicos solares, produce una gran cantidad de HOx y
NOx que destruyen profundamente el ozono en la mesosfera y durante la noche polar invernal
llegan a la estratosfera media y alta. Con el propsito de comprender los procesos involucrados
durante eventos de inyeccin de partculas en la atmsfera media, se analiza una tormenta
geomagntica ocurrida durante la fase de descenso del ciclo solar 23 (24 agosto 2005,
Dst min= - 216 nT), con origen en un evento protnico y asociada a una eyeccin de masa
coronal. El objetivo es estudiar, durante y posteriormente a la ocurrencia de la tormenta, el efecto
sobre el contenido total de ozono, considerando latitudes geomagnticas > 40 en ambos
hemisferios y tambin en distintas longitudes. La oscilacin cuasi-bienal, QBO, es la variacin
principal del viento zonal en la estratosfera ecuatorial y tambin un rasgo caracterstico de
muchos procesos en la atmsfera, por lo cual se analiza adems, el efecto de la fase de la QBO
presente en el momento de ocurrencia de la perturbacin. Los resultados muestran una variacin
menor del 10 % en el contenido total de ozono das subsiguientes al mximo de la perturbacin,
no presentan un patrn fijo, mostrando efectos diferentes cuando se barre en longitud a lo largo
de cada banda latitudinal estudiada y cuando se considera por separado cada hemisferio.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 33
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
A coupling between the solar activity cycle and the chemical and dynamical state of the
stratosphere and mesosphere is driven by variations in the high-speed solar wind streams, and
by coronal mass ejections. Both phenomena interact with the magnetosphere leading to
modulations in the flux of precipitating energetic electrons (1 keV < E <10 MeV).
The energetic electron precipitation from the magnetosphere into the atmosphere would follow
by NOy formation with its transport to the stratosphere possibly altering stratospheric O 3.
At high latitudes, storm-related particle precipitation and solar proton events produce excessive
HOx and NOx, which destroy ozone profoundly in the mesosphere and during winter polar night
also in the upper and middle stratosphere.
With the propose of understand the processes involved during events of particle injection in the
middle atmosphere, a geomagnetic storm occurred during the decreasing phase of solar cycle 23
(August, 24 2005, Dst min= - 216 nT), with origin in a solar proton event and with a coronal mass
ejection associated is analyzed. The objective of this work is study the effect over the total ozone
content during and after the storm occurrence, considering geomagnetic latitudes > 40 in both
hemispheres and also different longitudes. The quasi biennial oscillation (QBO) is the main
variation of the zonal wind in the equatorial stratosphere and also a distinctive characteristic of
many processes in the atmosphere. Therefore, the effect of the phase of the QBO present at the
moment of occurrence of the disturbance is also analyzed.
The results show a variation lower than 10% in the total ozone content subsequent days of the
maximum of the disturbance, without pattern, shows different effects when its sweeps along
longitude for each latitude band studied and when it consider each hemisphere.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 34
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Se han estudiado las fluctuaciones del contenido electrnico total (CET) sobre la cresta de la
anomala ecuatorial desde la estacin Tucu bajo condiciones de actividad solar baja en 1998
utilizando datos del sistema de posicionamiento global (GPS). Las variaciones diurnas del CET
se analizaron para diferentes estaciones del ao. Se observaron caractersticas interesantes,
como la anomala de invierno, la anomala semianual y la disminucion del CET al medioda. Las
observaciones fueron comparadas con las predicciones del modelo de Ionosfera de Referencia
Internacional 2001 (IRI2001). Se observa una mayor fluctuacin en das tranquilos que en das
turbulentos durante horas del da y de la noche.
Seasonal variation of total electron content at crest of the equatorial anomaly at low solar
activity conditions
The total electron content (TEC) fluctuation over the crest of the equatorial anomaly has been
studied from Tucu station at low solar activity conditions in 1998 using global positioning system
(GPS) data. TEC diurnal variation was analized for different seasons. Interesting features, like the
winter anomaly, the semiannual anomaly and the noon bite out in TEC have been observed.
Observations were compared with the International Reference Ionosphere 2001 (IRI2001)
predictions, for two seasons at quite and disturbed conditions. High variations at quiet days at
daytime and nightime hours were observed.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 36
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
vmv@geofisica.unam.mx)
3 Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmsfera (CIMA) / CONICET-UBA
(gabriels@cima.fcen.uba.ar)
La cuenca del ro Bermejo se extiende sobre una extensa franja con orientacin noroeste-
sudeste cubriendo parte del sur de Bolivia y de las provincias argentinas de Salta, Jujuy,
Formosa y Chaco.
El ro Bermejo tiene un ciclo anual bien definido con valores mayores al mdulo entre
diciembre y abril. Los mximos caudales se producen en el bimestre febrero-marzo mientras que
los mnimos se registran entre agosto y octubre. Este ciclo anual es la respuesta a los mximos
de precipitacin que normalmente se producen durante el perodo estival en esta parte del
continente Sudamericano teniendo una respuesta inmediata en la variabilidad del caudal.
En este trabajo se analizan los patrones de anomalas del rgimen anual del ro Bermejo en el
perodo 1940-2009 calculndose las anomalas respecto a la media del periodo 1961-1990. Los
patrones fueron obtenidos mediante el anlisis de Componentes Principales considerando como
variables a los regmenes de anomalas en cada ao y aplicando rotacin de tipo VARIMAX.
La metodologa utilizada describe los tipos principales de rgimen de anomala de caudal y
adems permite identificar los aos en que se verific cada uno de ellos. En otras palabras: se
obtienen las caractersticas particulares de cada patrn de anomalas y se individualizan los aos
que tienen tal patrn.
El anlisis indica que cinco modos de variabilidad de anomala de caudal resultan ser
estadsticamente significativos representando cada uno de ellos un patrn anual diferente. La
ocurrencia de cada uno de estos modos bajo distintas condiciones climticas de particular
inters, tales como fases El Nio y La Nia, es estudiada detalladamente.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 38
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The Bermejo River basin extends over a wide band with Northwest-Southeast orientation
covering part of southern Bolivia and the provinces of Salta, Jujuy, Formosa and Chaco in
Argentina. The Bermejo River has a well defined annual cycle with values higher to the module
between December and April. The maximum volumes take place in February-March whereas the
minimums occur between August and October. This annual cycle is consequence of the
maximums of precipitation that normally take place during the summer period in this part of the
South American continent having an immediate reply in the variability of the river flow.
In this work, the patterns of anomalies of the annual regime of the Bermejo River were analyzed
in the period 1940-2009 calculating the anomalies with respect to the mean in 1961-1990. The
patterns were obtained with the Principal Component Analysis considering the variables to the
regimes of anomalies in every year and applying rotation of type VARIMAX.
The methodology used here describes the principal regime of anomaly of the river flow. In
addition, it allows the identification of the years in which each of them occurs. In other words: the
particular characteristics of each pattern of anomalies are obtained and the years that have such
patterns were individualized
The analysis indicates that five modes of variability of river flow are statistically significant
representing each of them a different annual pattern. The occurrence of each of these modes
under different climatic conditions of particular interest, such as phases El Nio and La Nia,
were studied in detail.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 39
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Geodesia
Contribucin argentina a la Geodesia Antrtica a partir de la scar 95 epoch gps
campaign Sinopsis
Zakrajsek, A.F.1, Schenke, H.W.2, Smalley, R.3, Scheinert, M.4, Streitenberger, M.1, Peretti,
A.L.1 y Santillana, S.N.1
afz@dna.gob.ar
Palabras clave: geodesia antrtica, DORIS, GNSS, GPS, ITRF, mareografa, gravimetra de
mareas
Las coordenadas geodsicas precisas son esenciales para apoyar a la ciencia y logstica
antrticas. Comenzando en 1995, Argentina particip en varias campaas internacionales
SCAR Epoch 'GPS' (ahora 'Crustal Movement') campaigns, contribuyendo desde cinco sitios
geodsicos antrticos (Belgrano II, Esperanza, Jubany, Marambio y San Martn) a la
densificacin y mejora del ITRF. Maregrafos fueron desplegados adicionalmente en Jubany y
San Martn con vistas a mejorar el geoide y datum vertical regional. Un registro GPS anual tuvo
lugar en Esperanza durante 1996. Otras bases antrticas argentinas pasaron a operar como
estaciones GPS-continuas (Jubany 1997, Belgrano II 1998, Orcadas 1999, San Martn 1999),
contribuyendo a estudios geocinemticos y a la deteccin de seales inducidas por cambios en
el medio ambiente. Una baliza DORIS fue instalada en Belgrano II en 2004 y reemplazada por un
nuevo sistema en un sitio cercano en 2005, integrando el International DORIS Service desde
fines de ese ao. Adems, registros gravimtricos continuos han sido obtenidos en Belgrano II
(2007) y San Martn (2008), contribuyendo al proyecto POLENET del Ao Polar Internacional.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 40
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Keywords: Antarctic geodesy, DORIS, GNSS, GPS, ITRF, mareografa, tidal gravity
Precise geodetic coordinates are essential to supporting logistics and science in Antarctica.
Starting in 1995 Argentina participated in several international SCAR Epoch 'GPS' (now 'Crustal
Movement') campaigns, contributing five Antarctic geodetic sites (Belgrano II, Esperanza,
Jubany, Marambio and San Martn) to the densification and improvement of the ITRF. Tide
gauges were additionally deployed at Jubany and San Martn, aiming at a better geoid and
vertical datum determination. A one-year GPS registration was carried out at Esperanza in 1996.
Some other stations became GPS-continuous afterwards (Jubany 1997, Belgrano II 1998,
Orcadas 1999, San Martn 1999), contributing to geokinematic studies and to the detection of
environmental change geodetic signals. A DORIS beacon was installed at Belgrano II in 2004
and replaced by a newer system at a nearby location in 2005, meriting to become part of the
International DORIS Service as a permanent station by the end of that year. Furthermore,
gravimetric time series were recorded at Belgrano II (2007) and San Martn (2008), contributing to
the IPY project POLENET.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 41
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Regional Geoid Wave Model for the north-central area of Santiago del Estero
In the last years, it has become significant the development of the geoid model (the
equipotential surface of gravimetry attraction) that allows the transformation of the altimetry
satellite data. So there have been developed many different scale models (global, regional,
and local in the whole world, as well as in our country). However, since it is a problem of
making a comparison between the physical surface (geoid) and another one based on
geometry (ellipsoid), the surveys of another regions cannot be generalized or extrapolated.
Therefore, certain in situ observations must be used for the local models. In order to meet this
demand, we have been researching since 2009 in the Geoid Model for the province of
Santiago del Estero financed by the Research Committee of the Santiago del Estero National
University.
In the present research work, a regional wave geoid model for the north and central region
of Santiago del Estero is produced. This region is bounded by the parallels 25 40 'and 29
00' south latitude and the meridian 62 25 'and 65 06' west longitude. To develop it, the
heights data base of the nodal, for the different leveling lines, was used. These leveling lines
were provided by the Military Geographic Institute (nowadays called National Geographic
Institute). Moreover, the reference surveying points were also used for it. They are placed
inside, and in the boundaries of the above mentioned area. That is the way in which the
double frequency GPS ellipsoidal heights of the nodal were found out. Also, the heights above
sea level were taken from the GIM network to the Cadastral network by making an accurate
geometric leveling, and with the help of a parallel plate system. The point data, for both
heights, was used to design the regional model. Finally, this model was validated using a set
of different control points from those used in the generated model, comparing the known geoid
height with that obtained by the model for the mentioned points. The values obtained are
within a few decimeters range.
This regional model is the first step to achieve local models, through the densification of the
generating points. These will enable the transformation of satellite altimetric information -
quickly and easily to obtain- into orthometric values.
All these processes will allow the surveyor to get any accurate above sea level point inside
the province of Santiago del Estero, from a simple differential GPS measurement. This will
benefit the design and implementation of any engineering project within the model area.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 43
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
In this work, the temporal variation of the La Plata Basin in Argentina is analyzed, by using the
temporary values of the gravity variation obtained from GRACE and satellite images from NOAA
for the period 2003-2010. The main objective is to determine the extension and variation of the
area covered by the water of the Paran River in the Guaran Water-bearing System, by following
two different methodologies; and also the regions where the highest and lowest river levels had
more impact are identified.
The gravity amplitude and trend maps were obtained from GRACE satellite gravity mission data
for the period under study; and from which ones the water mass variation was deduced. Also,
NOAA images were used, and in particular the ones from the AVHRR sensor because of its good
temporal coverage, low cost, and for being the most adequate sensor in terrestrial and regional
scale applications. Moreover, the results were verified with in-situ information from the Prefectura
Naval Argentina.
In this analysis the Level-2 GRACE data was used, which was obtained from various research
centers web sites. In all cases, the Level-2 information consists in spherical harmonic coefficients
(or Stokes coefficients) of the terrestrial gravitational potential.
On the other hand, the digital satellite images are formed of a numerical matrix, so algebraic
algorithms are possible to make to generate a new image that brings out the phenomenon under
study and its characteristics.
In order to detect the water bodies boundaries in the image (e,g. the water- vegetation- land
boundary), a mathematical operation between bands was carried out with an specific software:
the band 1 (red, R) and band 2 (near infrared, NIR) quotient.
The satellite techniques (gravimetry and remote sensing) to study the water mass changes
were a reliable and useful tool for obtaining this information.
Through the results achieved in this study, an economic methodology to evaluate the Paran
River water mass changes for a strategic area of the basin is expect to be established, with the
purpose of predict and plan a better use and management of the regional resources in the near
future.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 45
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
La reciente aparicin de modelos globales de geopotencial, conocidos por sus siglas en ingles:
EGMs (Earth Geopotential Models), como la serie EIGEN por ejemplo, surgidos a partir de las
misiones espaciales GRACE y CHAMP, han revolucionado el campo actual de la Geodesia y de
diversas aplicaciones relacionadas con ella, ya que proporcionan un mejoramiento en la
determinacin y el modelado del campo de gravedad y, en consecuencia, del geoide. Adems, a
partir de la combinacin de estos datos espaciales y de los surgidos mediante gravedad
terrestre, se pueden obtener precisos modelos de alta resolucin del campo gravitatorio.
Este trabajo pretende estudiar y comparar los mas recientes modelos globales de geopotencial
derivados de las misiones GRACE y CHAMP, junto con el clsico EGM96 y el reciente EGM08,
en la provincia de Crdoba (Republica Argentina), con el objetivo de conocer el que mejor se
adapta a dicha regin del pas. La investigacin se desarrolla a partir del estudio de las
diferencias de los EGMs con valores de ondulacin geoidal (calculados con datos altimtricos
provistos por GPS y nivelacin geomtrica) y anomalas de gravedad (obtenidas a travs de
campaas gravimtricas terrestres).
Se presenta asimismo un modelo de geoide gravimtrico para la regin, que ser actualizado
utilizando el modelo de geopotencial que resulte ms adecuado para la zona y que ser luego
ajustado con informacin derivada del mtodo geomtrico para la obtencin del modelo geoidal
final.
.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 46
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Recent appearance of Earth Geopotential Models (EGMs), like EIGEN series for example,
arisen from the space missions GRACE and CHAMP, have revolutionized the present Geodesy
field as well as several applications related to it, since they represent a great improvement on the
determination and modeling of the gravity field and, as a consequence, of the geoid. Moreover,
the combination of the spatial and terrestrial data can lead to high resolution geoid models.
In this work, the behavior of the most recent EGMs derived from GRACE and CHAMP
missions, together with the classic EGM96 and the recent EGM08, is analyzed and compared in
the Crdoba Province (Argentina), aiming to know which one fits better to these Argentine region.
The present investigation is developed from the study of the differences between EGMs and
geoid undulation values (calculated with altimetry data provided from GPS and spirit leveling) and
gravity anomaly (obtained from terrestrial gravimetric campaigns).
A gravimetric geoid model is also presented. It will be improved by using the geopotential model
that fits better the zone, which will be adjusted using information derived from the geometric
method, so yielding the final geoid model.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 47
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Variacin del marco de referencia geodsico nacional Posgar 07 en virtud del sismo de Chile
ocurrido en el ao 2010
This work shows changes to the Argentine National Geodetic Reference Frame POSGAR 07, due
to the Mw8.8 Maule earthquake in the Republic of Chile with an epicenter near the city of Concepcion,
on February the 27th, 2010. Based on continuous observations of permanent GNSS stations of the
RAMSAC Network (Argentine Continuous Satellite Monitoring Network) a significant co-seismic shift
ocurred in a large area found to be affected by the earthquake. The area affected ranged from 30 to
45 south latitude across the entire width of the South American continent to the Atlantic coast.
Stations in western Argentina suffered major movements, which reflect the crustal deformation
associated with the generation of the earthquake.
In addition to the RAMSAC measurements, additional campaign measurements were carried out in
order to estimate the general movement of the crust in the area near the earthquake and evaluate the
magnitude of deformation. Once this analysis is accomplished, it will be possible to verify how the
earthquake influenced on the coordinates of the geodetic networks Argentina.
The Geodetic Data Processing Center established in the National Geographic Institute is also
examining ongoing post-seismic displacement, using measurements from new permanent GNSS
stations that were installed soon after the earthquake.
Data processing was performed with the Scientific Software Gamit / GlobK, which assures the
accuracy required when defining precise coordinates.
Results from the analysis will be used to establish the shift of the coordinates of the National
Geodetic Network POSGAR 07 and PASMA (Argentine Mining Sector Support Project), as well as
provincial geodetic networks.
Based on these shifts, an analysis of possible changes in Geodetic Network coordinates will be
made. This paper presents the results of GNSS data processing and shifts detected in the
measurements.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 49
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Ral Perdomo1,2, Daniel Del Cogliano1,2, Maria Eugenia Gomez1,2 , Rogers A. D. Pereira3,
Silvio R. C. de Freitas3
One of the activities to realize a unique vertical reference system in South America is the
comparison of altimetric networks between neighbouring countries. This is one of the tasks
recommended by SIRGAS.
As part of a joint project between the Universidad Federal de Paran (Brazil) and Universidad
Nacional de La Plata (Argentina), geodetic GPS measurements were performed on levelling
benchmarks and gravity observations were performed on both banks of Uruguay River. The
measurements were carried on during three observational campaigns which included the link
between the altimetric and gravimetric networks of both countries. Beside this, the geometric
slope between the towns of Itaqui (Brazil) and General Alvear (Argentina) was measured across
the river.
In this way, two binational levelling circuits were surveyed over 200 km. One includes the cities
of Santo Tome and General Alvear, in Argentina, and So Borja and Itaqui, in Brazil. The last one
adds the southern towns of Uruguaiana (Brazil) and Paso de los Libres (Argentina).
In order to detect any anomalies, it is analyze the behaviour of recent geopotential models in
relation to the observed geoid undulations obtained in both national altimetric networks.
The estimated geopotential numbers allowed us to determine the quality of the circuits
mentioned before.
Finally, the height differences between the two altimetric networks were computed.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 51
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Evaluacin del Modelo Digital de Elevaciones para el Territorio Argentino generado por el
IGN
This work shows the result of the evaluation of the Digital Elevation Model for Argentine territory
(MDE_Arg), generated from SRTM1 data (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 1 arcs-30m) from
the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ( SRTM). The original model was generated from a
specially modified radar system that flew aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour during a period of 11
days during the month of February 2000. The original objective of the mission was to generate a
high precision Digital Elevation Model throughout the world.
According to the agreement of cooperation and confidentiality of information between IGN and
NGA, IGN received the original data of the satellite observation throughout Argentina.
From the raw data, IGN raised the need to generate its own model based on the improvement of
the original model.
During the year 2007 began the project which included the following stages:
(i) The analysis of information, data features and the study of the accuracy of the
model (absolute and relative), derived through data from geodetic networks
available.
(ii) A method was established to fill the gaps, determination of the most appropriate,
using classification algorithms based on the size and the type of surrounding land.
After the processing of information, we obtained a preliminary MDE (year 2008), and from 2009,
with the formalization of POSGAR 07 Reference Frame, studies were completed, and the final
MDE_Arg was generated.
From that moment it was possible to generate and evaluation of the model with external data
from IGN fixed points of leveling and points belonging to the new Geodetic Network (POSGAR
07).
This paper presents the results of the evaluation of model quality MDE_Arg.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 53
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Diego Bag*1, Daniel Del Cogliano1,2, Mirko Scheinert3, Reinhard Dietrich3, and Luciano
Mendoza1,2
Como una forma de mejorar estimaciones previas del geoide en la provincia de Buenos Aires,
se implement por primera vez en la Argentina el mtodo de Colocacin Mnimos Cuadrados
(LSC), a partir del conjunto de rutinas GravSoft.
Observaciones terrestres de gravedad realizadas por diferentes organismos, y ondulacin
geoidal, basada en determinaciones geodsicas GPS y datos altimtricos, fueron tratadas en
combinacin con informacin satelitaria. El modelo geopotencial EGM2008 fue utilizado para el
tratamiento de las bajas frecuencias del campo de la gravedad, mientras que las altas
frecuencias fueron consideradas a partir del modelo de elevaciones SRTM3v.4.
El ajuste apropiado de la funcin de covarianza en la regin de estudio, y la abundancia de
informacin disponible, permiti evaluar diferentes estrategias de clculo y cuantificar su impacto
en la calidad del geoide obtenido. La existencia de extensas llanuras y algunas serranas, fue
otro elemento debidamente considerado para calibrar la metodologa
El mtodo LSC fue aplicado sobre unas nueve mil anomalas gravimtricas y ms de cien
ondulaciones geoidales, estimndose un geoide mejor que 10 cm en el 80 % de los casos, sobre
gran parte del territorio provincial.
Este anlisis realizado en una zona de cierta diversidad topogrfica y adecuada informacin
terrestre, representa el primer paso para la aplicacin de LSC en regiones ms extensas del
territorio nacional.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 54
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
In order to improve previous estimations of the geoid in Buenos Aires province, the least square
collocation (LSC) method from the GravSoft software was applied in Argentina for the first time.
Terrestrial observations of gravity made by different groups and geoidal undulations based on
geodetic (GPS) and altimetric data were used in combination with satellite information. The global
model EGM2008 was use to deal with the low frequencies of the gravity field while the high
frequencies were considered using the SRTM3v.4 elevation model.
The appropriate adjustment of the covariance function in the region under study and the
abundance of data allow the evaluation of different strategies and their impact in the quality of the
obtained geoid. The existence of large plane regions and some low mountains were other
aspects used to calibrate the methodology.
The LSC method was applied over nine thousands gravimetric anomalies, and more than one
hundred geoidal undulations, allowing the estimation of an accuracy better than 10 cm in almost
eighty percent of the cases over a big portion of the province.
This analysis made on a region with topographic diversity and adequate terrestrial information
is the first step to apply the same technique to larger parts of the national territory.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 55
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Brasil, 15671, CEP: 21241-051, Parada de Lucas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Um novo modelo geoidal para a Amrica do Sul foi elaborado incluindo as mais recentes
medies de gravimetria terrestre realizadas nos ltimos quatro anos no Brasil, Argentina, Chile
e Paraguai. O modelo EGM2008 foi utilizado como campo de referncia e restrito ao grau e
ordem 150. A componente de curto comprimento de onda foi estimada atravs da tcnica FFT
(Fast Fourier Transfom) utilizando o kernel modificado apresentado por Featherstone, Evans &
Olliver (1998). A anomalia de gravidade de Bouguer completa, o efeito topogrfico direto, o efeito
topogrfico indireto secundrio, o efeito topogrfico indireto primrio e o efeito atmosfrico
indireto primrio foram calculados atravs do conjunto de programas canadense SHGEO
(Stokes-Helmert Geoid software). A validao do modelo geoidal foi feita atravs da comparao
das alturas geoidais interpoladas do modelo com as obtidas atravs da diferena entre a altitude
ortomtrica de referncias de nvel e da altitude elipsoidal proveniente de observaes GPS
sobre a rede de nivelamento (GPS/RN). As anomalias de altura derivadas do EGM2008 (ordem
e grau 2160) e do EIGEN_05c (grau e ordem 360) tambm foram comparadas com os mesmos
pontos GPS/RN.
The new geoid model for South America is presented including the most recent terrestrial
gravity
measurements in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Paraguay. EGM2008 geopotential model has been
used as the reference field restricted to degree and order 150. The short wavelength component
was estimated via FFT with Featherstone, Evans & Olliver (1998) modified kernel. The complete
Bouguer gravity anomaly, the direct topographical effect, secondary indirect topographical effect,
primary indirect topographical effect and primary indirect atmospherical effect have been derived
through the Canadian package SHGEO (Stokes-Helmert Geoid software). The model has been
validated over Bench Marks of the spirit leveling network through GPS observations (GPS/BM).
The height anomalies derived from EGM2008 (order and degree 2160), EIGEN_05c (order and
degree 360) have also been compared in the same GPS/BM points.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 56
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Evaluacin de los Modelos SRTM 90 y ASTER GDEM en alturas IGN para la Provincia de
Santiago del Estero.
Lucrecia Galvn1, Claudia Infante1, Iber Goitea1, Javier Duro2, Marcelo Pirola2
(1) (UNSE) Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y
Tecnologas. Departamento de Agrimensura. E-mail: lgalvan@unse.edu.ar;
cinfante@unse.edu.ar.
(2) DGC. Direccin General de Catastro, Urquiza 228. Santiago del Estero. E-mail:
javaduro@gmail.com
Palabras claves: Modelos digitales de elevacin, lneas de nivelacin, modelo SRTM 90, modelo
ASTER GDEM.
Durante los das 11 al 22 de Febrero del ao 2000 se llevaron a cabo las mediciones de la
Misin Topogrfica de Radar del Transbordador Espacial Endeavour de la NASA (SRTM). El
Modelo SRTM 90 ha sido liberado en el ao 2004. Esta misin ha proporcionado datos de
elevacin para un 80% de la superficie terrestre, con una resolucin espacial de 90 m. Por otro
lado en Diciembre del ao 1999 se lanza el satlite Terra portando el instrumento de
investigacin ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) en
un esfuerzo cooperativo entre la NASA y el Ministerio japons de Economa, Comercio e
Industria (METI). El modelo ASTER GDEM fue liberado en Julio del 2009. Esta misin ha
proporcionado datos de elevacin para un 99% de la superficie terrestre, con una resolucin
espacial de 30 m. Asimismo se disponen de datos de nivelacin sobre puntos de la red
altimtrica de precisin medida y materializada por el Instituto Geogrfico Nacional Argentino
(IGN). Se comparan los datos provenientes de ambos modelos en los puntos IGN para la
provincia de Santiago del Estero. Se muestran los resultados estadsticos, el anlisis espacial y
las conclusiones generales para la provincia. Se puede establecer como consecuencia de este
trabajo que los Modelos presentan un error medio de las diferencias de -6,621 m para el modelo
SRTM 90 y -0,549 m para el modelo ASTER GDEM para todas las lneas de nivelacin de la
provincia. El error cuadrtico medio obtenido para el modelo SRTM 90 es de 18 m y para el
modelo ASTER GDEM es de 19 m. Las mayores dispersiones se presentan sobre los puntos de
nivelacin ubicados en las zonas ms elevadas del territorio provincial.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 57
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
During the days 11 to 22 February 2000 were conducted measurements Radar Topography
Mission of Space Shuttle Endeavour from NASA (SRTM). This mission has provided elevation
data for 80% of the land surface with a spatial resolution of 90 m. On the other hand in December
1999 the Terra satellite was launched carrying the research instrument ASTER (Advanced
Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) in a cooperative effort between NASA
and the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). This mission has provided
elevation data for 99% of the land surface with a spatial resolution of 30 m. Also data are
available on leveling network points as precision altimetry and materialized by the Argentine
National Geographic Institute (IGN). We compare data from both models IGN points for the
province of Santiago del Estero. Shows the statistical results, spatial analysis and general
conclusions for the province. You can set as a result of this work that the models have an
acceptable fit for all lines of leveling of the province. The largest dispersions are leveling the
points located in the higher areas of the province.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 58
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Ricardo Podest1, Ral Mrquez2, Ana Maria Pacheco1,2, Han Yanben3, Eloy Actis1, Hernn
Alvis Rojas2, Yin Zhi Qiang3, Daro Terluk2, Mauricio Morales2, Rodolfo Carrizo2 & Jesica
Nievas2
1-
Observatorio Astronmico Flix Aguilar. Universidad Nacional de San Juan
2- Departamento de Ingeniera en Agrimensura. Universidad Nacional de San Juan
3- National Astronomical Observatory of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
The first aim of the Astronomy of Position and of the Geodesy is the establishment of
References Systems (RS). In the last years there has taken place a review of the definition and
accomplishment of the RS that is intimately associated with the application of the spatial
observationals technologies with the high precision astrometry and with the geodesy.
It is well-known that the IERS has the responsibility of defining and supporting the Terrestrial
and Celestial RS for the Earthsrotation and to assure the coherence between them from the
series of the Earth Orientation Parameters(EOP). To the IERS contribute the spatial
observational technologies denominated VLBI, LLR, SLR, GPS and DORIS.
The materialization of Terrestrial International RS. is realized by the IERS across the
International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), which is a network formed by different stations
located in the whole world by means of his estimated coordinates, as well as of his respective
speeds. The Astronomical Observatory "Flix Aguilar" has a new system SLR of last generation,
product of an agreement between the National University of San Juan and the Chinese Academy
of Sciences. This station contributes with the accomplishments of the ITRF.
In this work we present the results obtained of the observations with the SLR of San Juan
(Station ILRS 7406) and the Station Tigo SLR of Concepcion, Chile (ILRS 7405), for diverse
geodynamic investigations that involve variations of the San Juan-Tigo vector "before" and "later"
of the happened earthquake 27/02/2010 in Chile. The processing of the information in rectangular
coordinates X, Y, Z of both stations inside the frame ITRF 2005, sample that the difference
between the vectors in epochs previous and later to the earthquake, are more than two meters.
Finally the employment of the Variance Covariance matrix with the positions of the stations
allow to realize a statistical analysis of mistakes and precisions.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 60
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Richter A.1,3, Hormaechea J. L.1,2, Perdomo R.1,2, Gomez M. E.1,2, Mendoza L.1,2, Del
Cogliano D.1,2, Fritsche M.3
Las mareas terrestres se manifiestan en distintos efectos observables por mtodos geodsicos,
geofsicos y astronmicos, tales como deformaciones corticales, variacin de gravedad y
desviaciones de la vertical, entre otros.
En la Estacin Astronmica Ro Grande (EARG), durante los aos 1979-1990 se condujo en
forma regular un programa de posicionamiento astronmico a travs de observaciones con un
astrolabio de Danjon. Un anlisis de las series de tiempo y latitud revel efectos peridicos que
hasta la fecha carecen de una explicacin satisfactoria. En el presente trabajo investigamos la
posibilidad de que los efectos observados puedan ser producto de las mareas terrestres.
Para este fin utilizamos resultados preliminares de recientes registros gravimtricos y de
posicionamiento GPS en la EARG. En octubre/noviembre de 2009 y en mayo/junio de 2010 un
gravmetro LaCoste-Romberg serie D estuvo instalado en la estacin registrando continuamente
la variacin temporal de la gravedad. A travs de un anlisis harmnico de estos registros se
determin la contribucin de las principales ondas de mareas terrestres a la seal gravimtrica.
La estacin GPS permanente, operada en la EARG como parte de la red global del IGS
(International GNSS Service), provee series continuas de tiempo de las coordenadas
tridimensionales geocntricas de la antena. A partir del anlisis harmnico de las variaciones en
la componente vertical se dedujo la deformacin geomtrica radial de la superficie de la tierra
firme asociada a las principales ondas de marea.
Los resultados preliminares indican excepcionalmente fuertes mareas terrestres en Ro
Grande.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 61
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The Earth tides can be observed by geodesic, geophysical and astronomical methods as
cortical deformations, gravity variations and vertical deviations respectively.
In the Estacin Astronmica Ro Grande (EARG), from 1979 to 1990, a regular program of
astronomical positioning was carried out using a Danjon Astrolabe. The analysis of the time and
latitude series revealed periodic effects that have not been explained up to date. In this work, the
possibility to explain these results as a consequence of earth tides is investigated.
With this objective, preliminary records of gravimetric and GPS measurements in EARG are
used. A Lacoste Romberg series D gravimeter was installed there in October and November
2009 and May and June 2010, to obtain a continuous record of gravity temporal variations. Using
a harmonic analysis of these records the contribution of the principal Earth tide components to
the gravimetric signal was determined.
The GPS permanent station of Ro Grande, which is part of the IGS (International GNSS
Service), provides continuous series of tridimensional coordinates of the antenna. From the
harmonic analysis of the vertical component it is possible to estimate the radial geometric
deformation of the Earth surface associated with the principal components of the Earth tides.
The preliminary results indicate that exceptionally strong earth tides are present in Ro Grande.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 62
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Las tcnicas geodsicas que hacen posible las mediciones tridimensionales (3-D) de puntos
(GNSS, estaciones totales, fotogrametra analtica, etc.) y los correspondientes procesamientos y
ajustes de redes en un sistema de referencia cartesiano tridimensional S, estn siendo cada vez
mas utilizados en el presente. Muchas de estas tcnicas de medicin tridimensional son
aplicadas por varios mtodos de control de calidad, chequeo regular de movimientos
(deformacin de objetos) y todo tipo de medicin de deformaciones para la determinacin
tridimensional de puntos objeto Pk k = 1,.., p de las redes en las pocas ti y tj. Las coordenadas
estimadas XkiS = [x, y, z]kiT y XkjS = [x, y ,z]kjT de Pki y Pkj (dos posiciones del mismo punto Pk
obtenidas en las pocas ti y tj) se determinan con precisin y exactitud por los elipsoides de
confianza absolutos Eki y Ekj, mientras que las diferencias de coordenadas dk = Xkij = XkjS XkiS
= [x, y, z]kijT se obtienen por medio de un elipsoide de confianza relativo Ekij con centro en Pki.
Como se sabe, usando el vector diferencia de coordenadas o vector discrepancia d k = Xkij, que
da informacin acerca del movimiento de Pk entre las pocas ti y tj, se puede tomar una decisin
basada en una prueba estadstica de hiptesis y significacin sobre si el movimiento de P k,
expresado por dk, es significativo; es decir, si el cambio de posicin de P k desde Pi hasta Pj
puede considerarse como una deformacin fsica por desplazamiento, o si d k es solo una
manifestacin de los errores accidentales de la medicin propagados a las coordenadas X kiS y
XkjS. Una fuente de informacin anloga para tal decisin puede crearse por un elipsoide de
confianza relativo Ekij conjuntamente con el vector dk. Este elipsoide puede as usarse (en lugar
de la prueba estadstica clsica) para decidir sobre el vector d k, de la misma manera como las
elipses de confianza se aplican para testear cambios de posiciones 2-D en los puntos de una red
plana.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 63
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Geodetic survey technics, making possible 3D measurements of points (GNSS, geodetic total
stations, analytical photogrammetry) and following 3D processing networks in a convenient 3D
cartesian reference frame S, are increasingly used in the presen time. Many of these 3D
measuring technics are applied for various quality control products, regular checking of object
movements, all kind of deformation measurements, i.e. for threedimensionally determining the
network object points Pk k = 1,.., p in epochs ti, tj. The computed coordinates estimates XkiS = [x,
y, z]kiT and XkjS = [x, y, z]kjT of Pki and Pkj (two positions of the same point Pk obtained from
epochs ti, tj) are detrmined with accuracy by absolute confidence ellipsoids E ki and Ekj, and their
coordinate differences (discrepancies) dk = Xkij = XkjS XkiS = [x, y, z]kijTare obtained with
accuracy given by a relative confidence ellipsoid Ekij with center in position Pki.
As known, using the discrepancy vector dk = Xkij, (giving informations about the movement of Pk
between epochs ti, tj), one can accept a decision based on its testing by statistical hypotheses,
whether the moving Pk, expressed by dk = Xkij, is significant, i.e., if the position change of Pk
from Pki to Pkj can be hold as its deformation displacement or if d k is a manifestation of the
measuring errors in XkiS and XkjS. An analogous information source for a such decisin can be
created by a relative confidence ellipsoid Ekij together with the vector dk = Xkij. This ellipsoid may
be therefore used (instead of convencional testing procedures) to decide on the character of the
3-D vector dk in the same way as the confidence ellipses are applied for testing 2D position
changes of points.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 64
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Since 2006, we have studied the reduction scheme of different kind of data to obtain a geoid
model for Tierra del Fuego. This would be a combined geoid model considering GPS/leveling
data and gravity information.
During the reduction procedure, geopotential models play an important role as well as digital
terrain models.
In this work we show an analysis over EGM2008 in order to determine the real resolution and
model quality over the region. The evaluation of this geopotential model over GPS/levelling points
gives a standard deviation of 9 cm. On the contrary, differences of 80 cm were found when it was
compared against the observations on the west side of Fagnano Lake.
We also discuss the quality of SRTM3 for the determination of short wavelength effects, and a
brief analysis over the integration by prisms and FFT in the computation of terrain corrections is
shown. The main discrepancies occur in the southwest of the island, where topographic gradients
are higher than 45 degrees and FFT technique suffers convergence problems.
We have used two methods of reduction as part of the known procedure remove-restore: the
second Helmert condensation method and the residual terrain modeling (MTR). In this step, the
treatment of long and short wavelengths has been crucial to the subsequent determination of a
model combined with GPS and leveling.
Both reduction strategies have contributed to achieve satisfactory results, although the MTR
reduction scheme was the best.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 66
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
El nuevo sistema geodsico oficial de Costa Rica denominado como CR05 est materializado
por una red geodsica de primer orden de 34 vrtices, ms una red de segundo orden de 68
vrtices, vinculados al ITRF2000, poca 2005,83. Este sistema, diseado, medido y ajustado en
el ao 2005 corresponde con la nueva referencia, de uso obligatorio para los diferentes trabajos
vinculados con la topografa, el catastro, la geodesia, la cartografa y la geomtica que se
desarrollen en el pas. Este sistema es la base de la nueva cartografa oficial del pas,
denominada como CRTM05, basada en una proyeccin Gauss-Krger adecuada a la situacin
geogrfica del pas. Adicionalmente se est implementando una red de ocho estaciones de
medicin continua distribuidas en todo el territorio nacional que sern las encargadas de dar
soporte a la actividad profesional en tiempo real, adems de ofrecer lgicamente una mayor
gama de archivos de datos en cuanto a tiempos de registro para las diferentes tareas. Esta red
deber implementarse en un corto perodo al Sistema Geocntrico para las Amricas SIRGAS.
En esta conferencia se expondrn los antiguos sistemas de referencia usados en Costa Rica
hasta su culminacin en el actual CR05. Adems y como parte de las investigaciones
desarrolladas por el autor, se expondrn los resultados que se han obtenido al hacer un nuevo
vnculo de la red nacional de coordenadas al sistema ITRF2005. La metodologa usada ha sido
la de realizar mediciones GNSS en los diferentes vrtices de la red nacional; un vnculo primario
a la estacin continua de la Escuela de Topografa, Catastro y Geodesia (ETCG), nica estacin
SIRGAS en Costa Rica, y posteriormente su amarre al sistema ITRF2005. La determinacin de
vectores desplazamiento y de vectores velocidad de las estaciones, junto con el clculo de los
parmetros de transformacin entre las dos referencias, brindan una idea primaria de la
cinemtica del pas, aspecto que es de relevante importancia para una zona tan activa desde el
punto de vista ssmico y vulcanolgico como Costa Rica.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 67
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Soluciones por Mnimos Cuadrados con Mnima Norma (minoless) de una Red Geodsica
Libre y condiciones NNT-NNR a partir de una matriz de seleccion
Palabras claves: Soluciones por mnimos cuadrados con norma minima (MINOLESS).The NNT
and NNR conditions. Adjustment of a free geodetic network.
En este trabajo nos ocupamos de las soluciones por mnimos cuadrados con mnima norma
(MINOLESS) de una red libre bidimensional de trilateracin utilizando formulaciones basadas en
coordenadas en un modelo de Gauss-Markov (GMM), en donde las posiciones de los puntos
son definidas por coordenadas en un sistema local de coordenadas cartesianas de referencia
terrestre TRS(x,y), que no tiene definida su posicin y orientacin en una especfica poca,
causando un defecto de datum y un Modelo Singular de Gauss-Markov (SGMM) con deficiencia
de rango.
Se muestran las soluciones MINOLESS y Parcial MINOLESS basadas en tres ecuaciones
lineales de condicin conocidas como restricciones mnimas, dos ecuaciones No Net
Translation (NNT) y una No Net Rotation (NNR) las cuales definen el datum en una dada
poca respecto de la posicin y orientacin del TRS(x,y) respectivamente, basadas en: a) tres
valores nulos convencionalmente adoptados para tres parmetros de una transformacin plana
de Helmert de coordenadas : dos traslaciones y una rotacin diferencial, b) un marco de
referencia terrestre TRF(xo,yo) conocido a priori y considerado libre de error y c) una matriz
de seleccin S, que permite seleccionar o excluir simultaneamente los incrementos de
coordenadas (dx,dy) de especficos puntos de la red.
La principal conclusin es que una definicin de datum realizada por medio de las condiciones
NNR-NNT basadas en una matriz S que solamente selecciona un subconjunto de incrementos
de coordenadas ( parmetros incgnitas ) conduce a una Parcial MINOLESS que no es una
estimacin uniformemente mnimamente sesgada de los parmetros, en contraste con una
definicin de datum realizada con las condiciones NNR-NNT utilizando todos los incrementos de
coordenadas y que conduce a una solucin MINOLESS que es BLUMBE (Mejor Estimacin
Lineal Uniformemente Mnimamente Sesgada) de los parmetros.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 68
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Minimum Norm Least Square Solutions (minoless) of a free geodetic network and NNT-
NNR conditions from a selection matrix
Keywords: Minimum Norm Least Square Solution (MINOLESS).The NNT and NNR conditions.
Adjustment of a free geodetic network.
In this work, we deal with the Minimum Norm Least Square Solutions (MINOLESS) of a free
two-dimensional trilateration network using a coordinate based formulations within a Gauss-
Markov Model (GMM), where the point positions are defined by means of coordinates in a local
Terrestrial Reference Cartesian Coordinate System TRS(x,y), which has not defined its position
and orientation in a given epoch, causing a datum defect and a rank-deficient Singular Gauss-
Markov Model (SGMM).
It is shows the MINOLESS and Partial MINOLESS based upon three linear condition
equations namely minimum constraints, two No Net Translation (NNT) and one No Net
Rotation(NNR) which define the datum in a given epoch respect to the position and orientation of
the TRS(x,y) respectively, based in: a) three zero values conventionally adopted of three
parameters of a plane coordinate Helmert transformation : two translation and one differential
rotation, b) a Terrestrial Reference Frame TRF(xo,yo) known a priori considered free of error
and c) a selection matrix S, which allow to choose or exclude simultaneously the coordinate
increments (dx,dy) of specifics network points.
The main conclusion is that a datum definition done by means of the NNR-NNT conditions
based in a matrix S which only picks a subset of coordinate increments (unknown parameters)
leads to a Partial MINOLESS which is not uniformly minimum biased estimation of the
parameters, in contrast with a datum definition done with NNR-NNT conditions using all
coordinate increments and leads to a MINOLESS which is BLUMBE ( Best Linear Uniformly
Minimum Bias Estimation) of the parameters.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 69
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Gomez, M.E., Del Cogliano, D., Mendoza L., Perdomo, R., Hormaechea J. L.
Desde el ao 1998 hasta el 2008, se han efectuado en la provincia de Tierra del Fuego,
diversas campaas de observacin con los fines de ampliar y redefinir tanto la red geodsica,
como la gravimtrica y la de nivelacin.
En este trabajo, nos hemos enfocado en la integracin de la informacin mencionada con el fin
de obtener un modelo de geoide combinado para la provincia. La herramienta para llevar a cabo
esta tarea fue la tcnica de fuentes equivalentes, para cuya utilizacin se desarroll
ntegramente un software propio.
Se combinaron 54 datos de ondulaciones geoidales determinadas a partir de las diferencias de
alturas GPS y cotas de nivelacin, 10 alturas GPS medidas sobre la superficie del lago Fagnano,
y 558 valores de gravedad.
Los resultados obtenidos indican un modelo de geoide con un error del orden de los 5 cm en la
mayor parte de la isla, y con un error algo superior a los 7 cm en la regin del lago Fagnano y
zonas aledaas. Esta situacin es producida por la falta de informacin en esta regin de la isla
pero tambin est sujeta a la calidad de las observaciones empleadas en el lago como
comparacin.
El resultado es altamente satisfactorio y supera a todos los trabajos previos.
Since 1998 until 2008, several observation campaigns have been done in order to define the
geodetic network and the gravimetric and levelling network as well.
We have focused the job in the integration of all the information to obtain a combined geoid
model. For this purpose, we prepared software which runs the equivalence source technique.
The resulting model includs 54 points with GPS/levelling information, 10 observations over the
Fagnano Lake and 558 gravity values.
The obtained results show a model with a 5 cm error for the major part of the island, and 7 cm
or more in the southern region, primarily caused by the absence of real information.
The precision reached exceeds that obtained in previous works.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 70
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
This work is part of the study of the river border between Samborombon bay and the city of
Necochea, which requires altimetric information near the coastline.
The lack of altimetric data in the region and the need of a quick solution conducted to the
adoption of GPS for the establishment of several points, which were the starting points of the
altimetric profiles measured using total stations.
As it is well known, GPS provides ellipsoidal heights (h), which can be transformed into mean
sea level heights if a suitable transformation model is available. This model developed in the
Facultad de Cs. Astronmicas y Geofsicas (Universidad Nacional de La Plata) in 1988 from
points where the double height information (h and H) were known, has been improved with
additional points and recently with the inclusion of gravity information in certain regions.
However, in the region under study the model is not completely appropriate because it is a
border zone. Besides, the lacks of altimetric marks in the region also conspire against the quality
of the model in that part of the province.
Another aspect of the problem is the particular behavior of the geoid itself, which presents
important gradients in the border line.
The model has also been compared with several geoid global models. One of the modern
models derived from satellite missions CHAMP and GRACE, the model Eigen_cg01c, when
compared with our model (in the frame of the system POSGAR94) shows a standard deviation of
the order of 0.60 m with maximum differences of 1.10 m and minimum differences of 0.20 m.
In 2009, two important factors changed this situation. The global model EGM2008 was published,
and locally, the IGN adopted the new argentine geodetic frame POSGAR07.
The comparison of the model referred to POSGAR07 with the global model EGM2008 shows
an important evolution for two main reasons: the first one, because POSGAR94 had a systematic
error of the order of half a meter in heights, and the second one, because EGM2008 included a
lot of gravimetric local data, which improved the resolution of the model in the region.
This comparison shows a mean difference of about 0.20 m with a typical deviation of only
0.08m, so it is appropriate to use the global model as an auxiliary in the study region. Instead of
interpolating N from the local model, the differences of the local with the global model are
interpolated because they have a smooth behavior in the entire region. To the obtained
interpolated differences, the global model N is added to reconstruct an observed N. Several
tests have been carried out on this procedure and they show errors of a few cm.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 72
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Geofsica Aplicada
Caracterizacin Geofsica de dos crteres del Campo de Dispersin de Crteres de Bajada
del Diablo, Argentina
Claudia B. Prezzi , Mara Julia Orgeira1, Rogelio Acevedo2, Federico Ponce2, Oscar
1
(1) CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires. INGEODAV, Dpto. Cs. Geolgicas, FCEyN, UBA,
Ciudad Universitaria, Pabelln 2, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
(2) CADIC CONICET. Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.
(3) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco. Esquel, Chubut, Argentina.
(4) CONICET Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia. Buenos Aires,
Argentina.
El campo de crteres de Bajada del Diablo est ubicado en el norte del Macizo Patagnico,
Chubut. Se identificaron crteres en el complejo eruptivo Quielaf y en la Formacin Pampa
Sastre. En el primer caso los crteres afectan a basaltos olivnicos, mientras que la Formacin
Pampa Sastre corresponde a conglomerados con clastos de basaltos con tamaos de hasta 50
cm de dimetro y una matriz arenosa gruesa. La zona de Filu-C aloja al menos 66 crteres, que
afectan a los basaltos miocenos y al conglomerado Pampa Sastre, de edad Pliocena tarda/
Pleistocena temprana.
Con la finalidad de contribuir a la caracterizacin de estas posibles estructuras de impacto, se
realizaron relevamientos topogrficos, magnetomtricos y electromagnticos terrestres de detalle
en dos crteres localizados en los conglomerados Pampa Sastre. Ambos crteres son de tipo
simple, con un dimetro de 300 m, profundidades mximas de 10 m y han sido parcialmente
rellenados por flujos de detritos provenientes de sus bordes y por arena transportada por el
viento.
El campo magntico terrestre (CMT) se midi en 1563 estaciones dentro y fuera de los
crteres A y 8, usando un magnetmetro protnico Geometrics 856. Los datos obtenidos fueron
corregidos segn la variacin diurna del CMT y se sustrajo el valor correspondiente del IGRF. Se
recolectaron muestras de clastos de basaltos, de matriz arenosa y de sedimentos de relleno y se
midieron sus respectivas susceptibilidades magnticas. Tambin se midi la magnetizacin
remanente de los clastos de basaltos. En el crter 8 se relevaron 20 perfiles con un sensor
electromagntico de banda ancha GEM-2, utilizndose 5 frecuencias diferentes. La topografa
detallada de los crteres se determin mediante estacin total, habindose medido 726 puntos
en los crteres A y 8.
Las anomalas magnticas muestran un patrn circular con bajos magnticos (-100 a -200 nT)
en el fondo de los crteres. En los bordes se observan anomalas muy conspicuas, localizadas y
de gran amplitud y corta longitud de onda, cuyos valores oscilan entre 3000 y -1500 nT. Dichas
anomalas no se detectan fuera de los crteres. En el caso de los perfiles electromagnticos, el
fondo de los crteres presenta conductividades elctricas aparentes ms bajas, mientras que los
bordes muestran valores notablemente ms elevados. A partir de la topografa de detalle se
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 73
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Geophysical Signatures of two Craters at Bajada del Diablo Crater Strewn Field, Argentine
Bajada del Diablo impact crater field is located in the Northern Patagonian Massif, Chubut,
Argentine. Impact craters have been identified on two rock types: the Quielaf eruptive complex
and Pampa Sastre Formation. In the first case, craters are placed in olivine basalts. On the other
hand, Pampa Sastre Formation corresponds to conglomerate layers with basalt clasts boulder
and block in size (up to 50 cm in diameter) in a coarse sandy matrix. The Filu-C area includes at
least 66 impact craters found in the Miocene basalts and the Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene
Pampa Sastre conglomerate.
We carried out detailed topographic, magnetic and electromagnetic ground surveys in two
craters (8 and A) found in Pampa Sastre conglomerates in Filu-C area. Both craters are simple,
bowl-shaped structures with rim diameters of 300 m and maximum depths of 10 m. They have
been partially filled in by debris flows from the rims and wind-blown sands.
Total magnetic field was measured at 1563 stations located in and out of craters A and 8, using a
Geometrics 856 proton precession magnetometer. The obtained data were corrected for the
diurnal variations in the Earths magnetic field and the IGRF value was subtracted. Basalts
boulders, sandy matrix and infilling sediments were collected and the correspondent magnetic
susceptibilities were measured; the remanent magnetization of basalt boulders was also
measured. 20 profiles were surveyed at crater 8 with a GEM-2 small broadband electromagnetic
sensor using 5 different frequencies. Detailed crater topography was determined using a total
station. 726 topographic points were surveyed in craters A and 8.
The magnetic anomalies show a circular pattern with magnetic lows (-100 to -200 nT) in the
craters floors, characteristic of impact structures. Furthermore in the craters rims, high-
amplitude, conspicuous and localized (short wavelength) anomalies, ranging between 3000 and -
1500 nT, are observed. Such large amplitude and short wavelength anomalies are not detected
out of the craters. For all used frequencies, the electromagnetic profiles show lower apparent
electrical conductivities in the craters floor, while the rims present notably higher values. From
the detailed topography, morphometric parameters were calculated, suggesting an apparent
depth of 45 m and a true depth of 110 m for both craters.
Our results suggest that in the craters floors Pampa Sastre conglomerate would have been
removed. On the contrary, the craters rims exhibit high-amplitude, localized magnetic anomalies
and higher apparent electrical conductivities, which would be related to the anomalous
accumulation of basalt boulders and blocks remanently magnetized (probably due to shock and
heat effects). The fact that such high-amplitude anomalies are not present out of the surveyed
craters, supports this hypothesis. The morphological, geological and geophysical features of the
studied circular structures can only be explained by means of an extra-terrestial projectile impact.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 75
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
La Ciudad de Buenos Aires est emplazada sobre el margen sur del estuario del Ro de la
Plata. Las obras de relleno modificaron totalmente la morfologa original del rea, desde la poca
de Rosas (1836) hasta la actualidad. La superficie total rellenada es de aproximadamente 2054
hectreas, con un avance de la lnea de costa que vara entre los 400 y los 1000 m. Estos
cambios antrpicos generaron una gran variedad de problemas de fundacin en las estructuras
edilicias y obras de infraestructura a causa de la heterogeneidad de la composicin de los
materiales utilizados para el relleno.
Debido al creciente desarrollo urbano de la ciudad de Buenos Aires y el rea metropolitana,
resulta de sumo inters contar con informacin de detalle sobre las reas de relleno en la costa
del Ro de la Plata. La misma resulta imprescindible para una correcta valoracin de las opciones
de desarrollo en futuros emprendimientos en los sectores costeros, una apropiada evaluacin de
los impactos ambientales asociados y un adecuado planeamiento urbano.
En este trabajo relevamos diferentes sectores rellenados en una zona piloto ubicada en Ciudad
Universitaria, con la finalidad de calibrar y probar la aplicabilidad de diferentes mtodos
geofsicos para la caracterizacin de los distintos materiales de relleno. Llevamos a cabo
relevamientos magnetomtricos, de georadar (GPR) y de tomografa elctrica de resistividad
(TER). En uno de los sectores estudiados se detectaron anomalas magnticas circulares de
entre -700 y 500 nT. Dichas anomalas sugieren la presencia de materiales de demolicin (vigas,
bloques de concreto con varillas de hierro, etc.) a profundidades someras (relleno). Aplicando la
deconvolucin de Euler, se estimaron profundidades medias de relleno de alrededor de 10 m. En
otro sector rellenado el relevamiento magnetomtrico detect un patrn que indic la presencia
de un canal subterrneo. Este patrn mostr una anomala elongada positiva de 1900 nT. En
este sector, se calcularon profundidades de relleno de aproximadamente 5 m mediante la
deconvolucin de Euler. Los perfiles de GPR no generaron buenos resultados debido a la
intensa atenuacin de la seal. La presencia de suelos arcillosos hmedos o de anomalas
conductoras dentro del relleno podra ser responsable de la escasa penetracin de la seal. En
uno de los sectores estudiados, se realizaron dos TERs usando diferente longitud de tendido y
distinto espaciado entre electrodos. Se identific una zona superior que llega aproximadamente
hasta los 5-6 m de profundidad, donde se observan sectores de diferente resistividad, que
corresponderan al relleno y confirmaran los resultados obtenidos en el relevamiento
magnetomtrico y las profundidades calculadas a travs de la deconvolucin de Euler. Por
debajo de esta capa la resistividad disminuye notablemente, tal vez debido a la presencia del
nivel fretico, para luego volver a aumentar a partir de los 20 m de profundidad.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 76
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Geophysical characterization of filled zones along the coast of Buenos Aires: pilot study
Modelado de una pluma contaminante causada por hidrocarburos mediante los mtodos
geoelctrico y de induccin electromagntica
En este trabajo, se presentan los resultados de una prospeccin geofsica realizada para
caracterizar una pluma de contaminacin por hidrocarburos, reciente, originada por una
pinchadura accidental en un oleoducto troncal de Argentina. La tubera consiste en un tubo
metlico de 1.5m de dimetro, protegido por una cubierta aislante resistiva, enterrado
aproximadamente a 1.5m - 2.5 m de profundidad. La zona de tierra a lo largo del tubo, ms
cercana a la pinchadura fue removida. Utilizando un sistema de induccin electromagntica
espira-espira multifrecuencial (EMI), se estudi un rea de 50m x 60m, centrada en la
pinchadura, excluyndose la zona excavada. Tambin se realizaron varias lneas de geoelctrica
en superficie, paralelas y perpendiculares al ducto, empleando la configuracin dipolo-dipolo, y
dos lneas adicionales con la misma configuracin en la base de la excavacin.
A los datos EMI se les aplic un mtodo de inversin 1D y uniendo estos resultados se obtuvo
un modelo elctrico pseudo-3D del subsuelo en el rea estudiada. En este modelo, el ducto
apareci como una anomala muy conductora, alrededor de la cual la zona del subsuelo afectada
por la contaminacin pudo identificarse claramente. Tambin se detect que, en la parte central
del rea estudiada, la contaminacin alcanzaba la capa fretica. Despus, realizamos
inversiones de 2D de los datos correspondientes a las lneas de geoelctrica. Las imgenes
obtenidas de estas inversiones fueron, en general, consistentes con los resultados anteriores,
pero tuvieron mayor resolucin.
Finalmente, se evalu la influencia de la zanja en los modelos obtenidos para las lneas de
geoelctrica ms cercanas a la misma, usando un cdigo de modelado 3D.
Un punto interesante es que el tubo apareci como un conductor en los modelos inversos
obtenidos de los datos EMI, mientras por el contrario, apareci como resistivo en los modelos
obtenidos de los datos de geoelctrica. Esta aparente contradiccin est directamente
relacionada, y es una expresin de las diferencias entre ambos mtodos de prospeccin. En el
primer caso, el campo magntico oscilante primario, induce corrientes en el tubo que generan un
incremento del campo secundario (esto corresponde a una anomala positiva en los datos EMI).
En el segundo caso, debido a la presencia de la cubierta resistiva, las corrientes inyectadas
prefieren circular en el subsuelo ms que en el tubo, y por lo tanto la zona del tubo es
identificada como resistiva en los modelos geoelctricos.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 79
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
In this work, we present the results of a geophysical survey performed to characterize a fresh
hydrocarbon contamination plume, arising from an accidental puncture in a trunk oil pipe in
Argentina. The pipe consists of a 1.5 m diameter metallic tube, with an isolating resistive
covering, buried at approximately 1.5-2.5 m. The ground along the tract of the pipe nearby the
puncture area was removed. We prospected a 50m x 60m area, centered on the puncture, and
excluding the excavated zone, using a dual-coil, frequency domain, electromagnetic induction
system (EMI). We also performed several geoelectric lines, both parallel and perpendicular to the
pipe, using the dipole-dipole electrode configuration. Besides we performed two additional dipole-
dipole lines at the base of the excavation.
First, we applied to the EMI data a 1D inversion method, and joining these results we obtained
a pseudo 3D electrical model of the subsoil in the studied area. In this model, the pipe appeared
as a highly conductive anomaly, around which the zone of the subsoil affected by the
contamination could be clearly identified. It was also detected that, at the central part of the
studied area, the contamination reached the water table. Next, we performed 2D inversions of the
data corresponding to the geoelectric lines. The images obtained from these inversions were in
general consistent with the previous ones, although they had more resolution. Finally, we
evaluated the influence of the ditch in the models obtained for nearby geoelectric lines, by using a
3D forward modeling code.
An interesting point is that the pipe appeared as conductive in the inverse models obtained from
the EMI data, while on the contrary, it appeared as resistive in the models obtained from the
geoelectric data. This apparent contradiction is directly related, and is an expression of, the
differences between the two prospection methods. In the first case, the oscillating primary field
induces currents in the pipe that generate an enhancement of secondary magnetic field (this is a
positive anomaly in the EMI data). On the second case, as the injected currents prefer to circulate
in the subsoil rather than in the pipe, due to the presence of the resistive covering, the whole
zone of the pipe is identified as resistive by the geoelectric method.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 80
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Palabras Clave: Sierra de Santa Victoria, GPS Diferencial, SEV, GPR, permafrost andino.
La Sierra de Santa Victoria se extiende en sentido N S entre los 2208 y los 2300 de latitud
Sur y entre 65 y 6530 de longitud Oeste. Su altura mxima es de 5.055 m s.n.m., con una
altura media de 3.000 m s.n.m., y los procesos periglaciales y de permafrost cubren un rea de
2000 km2 en las mximas elevaciones. Las caractersticas generales de esta regin de altura
son la presencia de permafrost discontinuo (glaciares de escombros en distintos estadios de
actividad), clima de alta montaa (temperaturas mnimas de -2C y mximas de 18C al ao, con
temperatura media anual positiva, con condiciones de baja presin y la radiacin solar oscila
entre las 160 y 500 kcal/cm2ao) y fragilidad en los ecosistemas. Debido al aumento global de la
temperatura del aire como consecuencia del calentamiento, el permafrost responder en breve a
este efecto. Se espera que el permafrost en esta regin se degrade, como lo observ Francou en
Bolivia en la dcada del 80, y Travassos y otros en el Cerro Mercedario, San Juan, Argentina
durante el 2009. Estas variaciones afectarn las vas de comunicacin existentes en la regin
debido a los procesos de inestabilidad de laderas por aumento de las temperaturas en el suelo.
Es necesario realizar un seguimiento del permafrost mediante distintos mtodos con el objeto de
prevenir y mitigar los desastres en el ecosistema y en las rutas, de manera de prolongar su vida
til y disminuir costos de mantenimiento. Este artculo sugiere algunos mtodos geodsicos y
geofsicos recomendables de aplicacin (medicin de movimiento con GPS diferencial, deteccin
de permafrost mediante sondeo elctrico vertical o GPR) para obtener informacin bsica que
redunde en el mantenimiento y desarrollo sustentable a largo plazo de las rutas(Tabla1).
Estas rutas cruzan la regin de Este a Oeste, en niveles de altura media entre 4.000 4.200
m s.n.m. en el mbito de permafrost discontinuo o en islas.
Tabla 1.
Objetivo Instrumental Mtodo
Medicin de GPS El mtodo mediante GPS diferencial consiste en un
movimiento Diferencial levantamiento de alta precisin donde cada punto de la red ser
de medido con un receptor mvil mientras que un receptor fijo
geoformas almacenar datos de los satlites desde un punto de base. El
uso de este instrumental permite alcanzar una precisin del
orden del centmetro.
Deteccin de Sondeo Estos mtodos miden las variaciones que generan las
permafrost Elctrico propiedades elctricas de las rocas y minerales, especialmente
Vertical su resistividad. De manera comn se induce un campo artificial
SEV elctrico creado en superficie al hacer pasar una corriente
elctrica en el subsuelo.
Deteccin de GPR o Es un mtodo que utiliza fuentes de corriente alterna donde se
permafrost georadar obtiene informacin mediante la reflexin de ondas
electromagnticas de alta frecuencia 100KHz a 800 MHz
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 81
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Key words: Sierra de Santa Victoria, Diferential GPS , SEV, GPR, andean permafrost.
The Sierra de Santa Victoria extends in direction N - S between 22 08 'and 23 00' South. Its
maximum height is 5055 m A.S.L., with an average altitude is 3,000 m A.S.L., and the permafrost
and periglacial processes cover an area of 2000 km2 in the highest elevations. The general
characteristics of this region of height are the presence of discontinuous permafrost (rock glaciers
in various stages of activity, gelifluction, talus and other mobile geoforms), high mountain climate
(minimum temperatures of -2 C and maximum 18 C per year, with annual average temperature
positive, with conditions low pressure and solar radiation varies between 160 and 500 kcal/cm 2
ao) and fragile ecosystems. Due to the overall increase in air temperature as a result of
warming, the permafrost will respond shortly to this effect. Permafrost is expected to be degraded
in this region, as noted Francou in Bolivia in the 80s, and Travassos and others in the Cerro
Mercedario, San Juan, Argentina in 2009. These variations affect the existing communication
channels in the region due to slope instability processes by increasing soil temperatures. It is
necessary to track the permafrost using different methods in order to prevent and mitigate
disasters in the ecosystem and on the roads, so as to prolong life and reduce maintenance costs.
This article suggests some geodetic and geophysical methods recommended for implementation
(measurement of movement with Differential GPS, detection of permafrost by geoelectric or by
GPR) to obtain basic information for maintenance and long-term sustainable development of the
roads.(Table 1).
These roads cross the region from east to west, by level of average height between 4000-4200
m A.S.L. in the area of discontinuous permafrost or island permafrost.
Table 1
Objective Instrumenta Method
l
Landforms Diferential Method using Differential GPS is a high precision survey where each point
movement GPS of the network will be measured by a mobile receiver while a fixed receiver
measurement stored data from the satellites from a base point. The use of these tools can
achieve an accuracy of centimeters.
Permafrost Vertical These methods measure the changes that generate the electrical properties
detection Electrical of rocks and minerals, especially its resistivity. By common artificial electric
Sounding field induces a surface created by passing an electric current in the ground.
SEV
Permafrost GPR Detection of permafrost GPR or GPR is a method using alternate power
detection sources where information is obtained by the reflection of electromagnetic
waves of high
Frequency 100KHz to 800MHz.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 82
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
M.Sc. Ing. Alfredo de Jess Hernndez Ramsay 1, M.Sc. Ing. Jorge Acosta Breal.
1 Empresa Geominera Oriente Carretera de Siboney, Km 2 ,Alturas de San Juan, Rpto. Alta
Vista Santiago de Cuba Telf. 641603, 643836, 642624, Fax 687130
aramsay@geominera.co.cu
ahr_amsay@yahoo.es
El trabajo muestra cmo los constructores e inversionistas pueden ahorrar cuantiosos recursos
en la determinacin de: espesor de roca no consolidada; forma irregular del relieve del
basamento y los contactos entre el material friable y la roca dura del basamento, en la
construccin de obras ingenieriles, con la aplicacin de la Geofsica, al permitirle sta , sustituir
perforaciones y reducir la cantidad de stas con la consiguiente disminucin de, los costos de las
investigaciones ingeniero-geolgicas. El objetivo alcanzado del trabajo fue la determinacin de
la profundidad del basamento rocoso en cada punto donde descansan actualmente 101 pilotes
de la obra construida. Se explican adems, los fundamentos de la metodologa aplicada con el
sondeo elctrico vertical de polarizacin inducida para cumplir la tarea geolgica asignada.
Adicionalmente, entre los resultados de la investigacin, se logra predecir la cantidad de
pilotes de 9 y 12 m a utilizar; se realiz una caracterizacin gelogo-geofsica del sector; se
cumpli con los objetivos de la tarea geolgica y con el parmetro de cargabilidad aparente Ca
obtenido con el mtodo de sondeo elctrico vertical de polarizacin inducida (SEV-PI) se pudo
mapear el relieve del basamento, lo cual demostr que el mtodo es muy resolutivo para la tarea
planteada en stas condiciones fsico-geolgicas. Todo el trabajo se apoya con la confeccin de
planos y cortes geofsicos y con la exposicin de algunas conclusiones y recomendaciones.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 83
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Estudio de magnetismo de rocas en sedimentos de lechos del Delta del Paran, Argentina
Rock magnetism study on sediments from streams of the Paran Delta, Argentina
Rock-Magnetism study from drill cutting from a hydrocarbon exploratory well (Golfo San
Jorge basin, Argentina)
(1)Facultad
de Ingeniera, Universidad Austral
Grupo de Geofsica Aplicada y Ambiental, UBA - CONICET
(2)Grupo de Geofsica Aplicada y Ambiental, UBA CONICET
In studies of highly resistive subsoils, geoelectric method of galvanic contact is not effective due
to the difficulty to obtain a good contact and therefore a good current flow. The potential
differences generated are very small, of similar magnitude to the noise level. The aim of this work
is to develop a technique in order to facilitate the electric contact in such cases.
In order to do more efficient the electrical contact, we design and developed a low power
geoelectric equipment with source of alternating current, with capacitive coupling which can be
used in highly resistive mediums and also on hard surfaces like asphalt or concrete. We have
studied the processing and interpretation of data obtained with this equipment. It was studied the
conditions under which the equipment can operate similarly to geoelectric galvanic contact so that
data can be interpreted under the same patterns of interpretation.
The studies made on scale models that simulate soils with very high resistivity media with the
capacitive equipment, agree with the results of geoelectrics of galvanic contact.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 88
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Palabras claves: geofsica, CO2, reservorio, fsica de rocas, ssmica, reflexin, AVA
Key words: geophysics, CO2, reservoir, rock physics, seismic, reflection, AVA
We evaluate the reliability of the generalized reflection coefficients calculated from a stack of
plane sedimentary layers partially saturated with carbon dioxide, in describing the properties of a
target layer and the state of the carbon dioxide (C02) within the stack. To that aim we perform an
analysis of the generalized coefficients as a function of the incidence angle, the number of layers,
their thickness, saturation degree and fluid distribution. In particular we focus our attention on the
properties of the topmost layer as we consider it the seismic target for monitoring purposes.
Many C02 capture and storage projects are being developed worldwide to reduce the emission
of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This is a feasible option to mitigate their effect on
climate change. Such practice requires a careful time-lapse surveillance of the reservoir to
prevent its gas from seeping back into the atmosphere. In this way, seismic attributes become an
important tool as we can link them to the petrophysical and geometrical properties of the
reservoir.
In order to obtain the generalized reflection coefficient of a stack of plane layers we use matrix
propagators. In addition, we model the mixture of brine and C02 with the classical Gassmann
theory for an homogeneous mixture and the Hill formulation for patches of arbitrary geometry.
To investigate if the stack's generalized reflection coefficient can be used to monitor the target
accumulation of C02 , we design a series of tests to assess how sensitive this coefficient is to
changes in geometry and physical parameters.
The results show that simple AVA driven studies may not be useful for our purposes as the
reflection coefficient changes are important only at small incidence angles. We also study the
changes in the reflection coefficient at normal incidence as a function of the C02 dispersed in the
layers below the target layer. We conclude that the variation in the percentage and geometry of
C02 has a noticeable effect on the reflection coefficient. Furthermore, we perform a similar
analysis for the reflection coefficient of converted P to S waves at large angles. This test
demonstrates that wave-conversion effects are important and that they can be related to the
characterization of the C02 reservoir.
To conclude, the results of our investigation remark that a combined time lapse-analysis of the
generalized reflection coefficients can be useful in order to infer the bulk state of a topmost
accumulation of sequestered C02 in a stack of sedimentary rocks.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 90
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Geomagnetismo
Perturbaciones en la atmsfera superior (ionosfera-termosfera) durante tormentas
geomagnticas
Este artculo estudia la respuesta del sistema ionosfera-termosfera durante dos tormentas
geomagnticas intensas. Para ello se utilizan los datos obtenidos por los instrumentos a bordo
del satlite Dynamic Explorer 2 en alturas prximas al mximo de densidad electrnica de la
regin ionosfrica F2. Los resultados representan una comparacin de mediciones simultneas
de las perturbaciones en la composicin del gas, la densidad de electrones y la temperatura en
sectores comunes de hora local. Se documentan un aumento de la temperatura de electrones de
1700-1900 K hasta aproximadamente 2300 K y un descenso en la densidad de electrones de 3-
6x105 cm-3 hasta aproximadamente 7x104 cm-3; un incremento tanto en la temperatura (de 1500-
2000 K a ms de 2500 K) como la densidad de electrones (8-9x104 cm-3 hasta 4x105 cm-3), y la
correlacin entre la disminucin de la densidad e lectrnica y el aumento de la relacin de
componentes neutros N2/O.
This paper examines the response of the ionosphere-thermosphere system during two intense
geomagnetic storms. For that, data taken by instruments on board Dynamic Explorer 2 taken at
heights of the F2-layer are used. The results represent a comparison of simultaneous
measurements of storm disturbances in gas composition, electron density and temperature in
common local time sectors. Documented are an increase in electron temperature (from 1700-
1900 K until about 2300 K) and a decrease in electron density (from 3-6x105 cm-3 until about
7x104 cm-3); increase both in electron temperature (from 1500-2000 K to 2500 K) and electron
density (from 8-9x104 cm-3 to 4x105 cm-3); and correlation between decreases in electron density
and increases in the ratio N2/O.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 91
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
L. G. Lampugnani1 y J. Kostadinoff1
Actualmente existe un gran inters en las posibles repercusiones que pueden ocasionar los
inesperados y altamente energticos acontecimientos ocurridos en el sol al sistema natural y
tecnolgico. Tanto es as, que la energa proveniente del sol debido a repentinas eyecciones de
masa coronal y llamaradas solares, llegan a la tierra e interaccionan con el campo magntico
terrestre, manifestndose de diversas maneras dependiendo de la naturaleza de la perturbacin.
Este trabajo tuvo como primer objetivo estudiar las perturbaciones del campo magntico
terrestre, seleccionndose las tormentas ocurridas en los periodos del ltimo mximo de
actividad solar 23 que se dio aproximadamente el mes de Julio del ao 2000. Se utilizaron para
el anlisis los registros del ndice Dst otorgado por la World Data Center System en Kyoto con
precisin de 1 hr, de los cuales se han observado una gran cantidad de tormentas entre los aos
1999 y 2004, llegando en algunas ocasiones a intensidades de -450 nT. Luego analizamos el
grado de actividad geomagntica prestando atencin a las caractersticas del viento solar,
usando mediciones de la presin hidrodinmica y campo elctrico interplanetario obtenidos
mediante operaciones entre los registros de la velocidad del viento solar, densidad protnica y
campo magntico interplanetario. Los datos utilizados fueron descargados de mediciones
realizadas por la nave espacial ACE, lanzada en el ao 1997 y puesta en orbita entre el Sol y la
Tierra en el punto lagrangiano L1 de equilibrio gravitatorio.
Como segundo objetivo, usando modelos con fundamentos de la magneto-hidrodinmica
desarrollados a travs de los aos por varios autores, hemos calculado relaciones empricas de
la presin hidrodinmica, campo elctrico interplanetario, y tiempo de recuperacin en relacin
con el ndice Dst, que luego utilizamos como parmetros del desarrollo numrico de las
ecuaciones, para obtener como resultado, valores que ajustan al ndice Dst calculado de
estaciones alrededor del mundo. El resultado comprueba satisfactoriamente los modelos de
respuesta del campo geomagntico propuestos, pudindose utilizar para predicciones de
actividad geomagntica.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 92
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Nowadays exist a great interest about the possible repercussions that may cause the
unexpected and highly energetic events to the natural and technology systems. Thus, the energy
coming from the sun, produced by the unexpected coronal mass ejections and solar flares, reach
the earth and interact with the earth magnetic field producing many different results.
This work was first aimed to study the disturbances of the earth magnetic field, choosing storms
of the periods of the last solar maximum 23, which took place approximately on July 2000. For
the analysis we used data of the Dst index granted by the World Data Center System in Kyoto
with resolution of 1 hr, observing many geomagnetic storms between years 1999 and 2004,
sometimes reaching values of -450 nT. Then, we analyzed the geomagnetic activity paying
attention to the connections with the solar wind, using measures of the hydrodynamics pressure
and the interplanetary electric field calculated by operations of the solar wind speed, proton
density and interplanetary magnetic field. The data used was downloaded by measures made by
the space ship ACE launched in 1997 in orbit between the Sun and the Earth in the Lagrange
point L1.
The second objective, in reference to models and magnetohydrodynamics concepts developed
through the years by many authors, we have calculated empirical relationships of the
hydrodynamic pressure, interplanetary electric field, and the recovery time respect to the behavior
of the Dst index, and then used as parameters of the numerical development of the equations,
giving as result, values which fit to the Dst index calculated by geomagnetic stations around the
world. The results verify successfully the proposed models, making possible to use it in Dst
disturbances predictions.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 93
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Durante muchos aos numerosos autores han estudiado las respuestas ionosfricas y
geomagnticas a los fenmenos ssmicos mediante el estudio de las pulsaciones
geomagnticas, los cambios en la conductividad del aire, las seales infrarrojas,
comportamientos especficos del contenido electrnico total (TEC), variaciones en el flujo de
partculas de alta energa, entre otras cantidades fsicas que caracterizan a un plasma. Ellos se
enfocaron en el desarrollo de algn parmetro de alerta ssmica y, por esta razn, propusieron
diversos mecanismos para intentar explicar el vnculo entre los terremotos y las observaciones
realizadas sobre los parmetros del plasma. En un trabajo anterior, se analizaron los efectos del
terremoto del Maule sobre la regin de la Anomala Magntica del Atlntico Sur (SAMA). En la
presente contribucin, se analizan los datos registrados en las estaciones geomagnticas de
Trelew y Las Acacias. El instrumento ubicado en Trelew es un magnetmetro de precisin
protnica ELSEC 770 y el ubicado en Las Acacias es un Geometrics G856 (modificado en
FCAGUNLP bajo la direccin del geofsico J. C. Gianibelli y el ingeniero R.E. Garca). Se discute
una posible explicacin terica para explicar el vnculo entre el comportamiento fsico de la tierra
slida y el plasma. Este ltimo es analizado dentro de la aproximacin magnetohidrodinmica,
proponiendo un modelo de tubo de flujo cilndrico para la regin del plasma. Entre otras
perturbaciones, la generacin y propagacin de ondas de Alfvn son elegidas para la explicacin
del comportamiento del plasma y las respuestas geomagnticas registradas.
From many years several authors have studied the ionospheric and geomagnetic responses
during earthquake-time interval via the analysis of ULF magnetic pulsations, air conductivity
changes, infra red signatures, specific features of TEC behavior, high energy particle flux
variations, among others physical quantities that characterize a plasma. They are devoted to
determine a sort of earthquake alert and, for this reason, they have proposed possible
mechanisms to explain the link among earthquakes and the observations made on the
parameters of the plasma. In an earlier work, the effects of the Maule earthquake on the plasma
of SAMA were analyzed. In the present contribution, the geomagnetic data recorded at the
geomagnetic stations Trelew and Las Acacias are analyzed. The instrument located at Trelew is
a ppm ELSEC 770 and the one located at Las Acacias is a ppm Geometrics G856 (modified at
FCAG-UNLP under the direction of geophysicist J. C. Gianibelli and engineer R.E. Garca). A
possible theoretical explanation for the physical link among the solid earth and the plasma is
given, in the magnetohydrodynamics approximation, using a cylindrical flux tube model for the
plasma region. Among others, the generation and propagation of Alfvn waves are chosen in
order to explain some plasma and geomagnetic behavior.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 94
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
1 Ctedra de Pedologa. Escuela de Geologa. F.C.E.F.yN. UNC. Vlez Sarsfield 1611. CP 5016.
Crdoba. Argentina
2Dpto. Ciencias Geolgicas FCEN, UBA, INGEODAV. Ciudad Universitaria Pab. II, Nuez,
The objective of this paper is to study the enviromental magnetism of loess deposits, loess
like silts and paleosols in the Pampean area in order to contribute to the knowledge of climate
changes that ocurred during late Cenozoic.
The present contribution shows the first results of environmental magnetism in soils and loessic
sediments that are assigned to Late Pleistocene- Holocene in central Crdoba Province. The
profiles that were studied are located in Corralito and Lozada.
In Corralito, the profile corrresponds to a buried soil (Serie Manfredi), that evolved from loess
and is moderately developed. The horizons of the buried soils are the following: Ab-Btb1-Btb2-
BCb-Ckb1-Ckb2 and according to Soil Taxonomy the soil is classified as a typic Argiustoll The
ages obtained by IRSL are 20 ka at the bottom and 14 ka at the top of the profile. (Frechen.
2003).
At Lozada, the buried soil is quite similar to Corralito. The ages obtained by OSL for the
sediment are between 25 ka and 5 ka. (Kemp et al, 2006).
The magnetic results include magnetic susceptibility measurements at two frequencies 470 and
4700 Hz, coercivity, coercivity of remanence, saturation remanence, and saturation
magnetization. In the present contribution the magnetic behaviour is compared between Corralito
and Lozada, in order to prove the validity of Orgeira- Compagnucci (2010) model when applied
to climatic interpretation.
It was concluded that there is a high variability of magnetic parameters in Lozada, which can
be the result of differences in parental materials. Such variability is not observed in Corralito
samples where parent material is eolian.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 96
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Si una burbuja de viento solar (mayor velocidad, densidad y temperatura) con un cambio
significativo en la presin dinmica enfrenta a la magnetosfera y Bz(IMF)>0, la magnetosfera es
comprimida; la corriente en la magnetopausa, que equilibra esta presin del viento solar respecto
del campo geomagntico, se incrementa. En observatorios de latitudes bajas, medias y
subaurorales los magnetogramas registran, durante esta generalmente sbita compresin, un
sbito crecimiento (sc) de la componente norte (X) y horizontal (H). La regin de la anomala
magntica del Atlntico Sur (SAMA) es un sumidero de partculas cargadas atrapadas en el
cinturn de radiacin interior, tanto durante perodos quietos como perturbados. De la
precipitacin de estas partculas ocurrida sobre las regiones D y E de la ionosfera del SAMA
durante una compresin magnetosfrica resulta un mayor incremento de los sbitos crecimientos
en la componente H de las variaciones geomagnticas en ese lugar a la noche, respecto del
registrado en regiones exteriores a la SAMA. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si la
amplitud de un sbito crecimiento (sc) del campo geomagntico en bajas latitudes de la
superficie terrestre vara segn la intensidad del campo magntico en ese lugar, en particular en
la zona de la anomala del Atlntico sur. Se propone entonces estudiar la respuesta
geomagntica a diferentes variaciones de intensidad de la presin de viento solar que se
producen a distintas horas en observatorios de bajas latitudes, siendo uno de ellos Vassouras
(VSS), en el SAMA. Se encuentra que la amplitud de los sc dependen de diferentes factores: la
presin del viento solar, la variacin de la velocidad del viento solar, la poca del ao, la hora
local, y posiblemente el estado previo de la magnetosfera o el sentido de campo magntico
interplanetario; sin embargo la amplitud de los sc registrados en VSS suele ser en general
superior a la de observatorios equivalentes a l por latitud geomagntica o inclinacin: i) VSS
nunca tiene la variacin mnima debida al comienzo sbito; ii) VSS en general alcanza la mayor
amplitud de sc entre los observatorios considerados, excepto entre la medianoche y el
amanecer, cuando suelen registrarse las mnimas amplitudes normalizadas segn la variacin de
la presin dinmica del viento solar.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 97
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Influence of the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) on the geomagnetic variations
due to sudden magnetospheric compressions by the solar wind.
E fe c to s d e to rm e n t a s g e o m a g n ti c a s s o b re e l s i s te m a d e p o s i c i o n a m i e n to G P S : u n
e s tu d i o
M a r a V i c t o r i a T o s o * , P a t r i c i a A . L a r o c c a * y V i r g i n i a M . S il b e r g l e i t * , * *
A v d a . L a s H e ra s 2 2 1 4 P is o 3
C 1 1 2 7 A A R - C iu d a d A u t n o m a d e B s. A s
A rg e n t in a
* I n s t i t u t o d e G e o d e s i a y G e o f s i c a A p l i c a d a s . F a c u lt a d d e I n g e n i e r a . U B A
**C O N IC E T
R esum en
C uando una p e rt u rb a c i n p ro v e n ie n t e del Sol o rig in a una t o rm e n t a
g e o m a g n tic a , d iv e rs o s s is te m a s s u f re n la s c o n s e c u e n c ia s . E n t re e llo s , el S iste m a de
P o s ic io n a m ie n t o G lo b a l (G P S ). L a s s e a le s d e e s t e s is t e m a d e b e n a t ra v e s a r la io n o s f e ra , q u e
s e v e a lt e ra d a e n s u c a n t id a d t o t a l d e e le c t ro n e s , p o r lo q u e la t ra y e c t o ria d e la s s e a le s p u e d e
s e r m u y d is t in t a d e la e s p e ra d a .
En e s te t ra b a jo se e s tu d ia e l e fe c to de la s p e rt u rb a c io n e s g e o m a g n tic a s en la s
m e d ic io n e s con G PS, a p a rt ir d e la c o m p a ra c i n de la s c o o rd e n a d a s re s u lt a n t e s de una
m e d ic i n d if e re n c ia l , c o n la s c o o rd e n a d a s v e rd a d e ra s d e u n p u n t o . P a ra e llo , s e a n a liz el
p e r o d o de t o rm e n t a s c o m p re n d id o e n t re el 8 y 12 de n o v ie m b re de 2004. Se re a liz a ro n
p ro c e s a m ie n t o s c o n e l s o f t w a re G P P S p a ra d a s t ra n q u ilo s y p e rt u r b a d o s . P a ra h o ra s d e la
n o c h e y p a ra h o ra s d e l d a . A l o b t e n e r re s u lt a d o s m e n o s p re c is o s e n h o ra s d e la n o c h e a
d if e re n c ia d e lo e s p e ra d o - , s e e f e c t u e l m is m o p ro c e s a m ie n t o c o n a rc h iv o s d e o b s e rv a c i n d e
u n a d u ra c i n d e u n a h o ra c a d a u n o . D e e s t e m o d o , s e o b t u v ie ro n d e s v o s m x im o s e n la s h o ra s
del anochecer y m n im o s a l a m a n e c e r ta n to en d a s t ra n q u ilo s com o en da s de t o rm e n t a ,
a u m e n t a n d o d i c h a a m p l it u d d u r a n t e l o s d a s p e r t u r b a d o s .
A b s t ra c t
T h e s u n a c t i v i t y , t h e s o l a r w i n d a n d t h e s u b s e q u e n t e f f e c t s o n t h e E a r t h s g e o m a g n e ti c
f ie ld a n d t h e u p p e r a t m o s p h e re (io n o s p h e re ) in v o lv e t h e s p a c e w e a t h e r. M o d e r n n a v ig a tio n
s y s t e m s t h a t u s e ra d io -w a v e s ig n a ls , r e f le c t in g f ro m o r p ro p a g a t in g t h ro u g h t h e io n o s p h e re a r e
v u l n e r a b l e t o a d if f e r e n t e f f e c t s t h a t c a n d e g r a d e t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e n a v i g a t i o n a l s y s t e m s .
S p e c ia lly , th e G lo b a l P o s itio n in g S y s te m (G P S ) t h a t uses a c o n s te lla tio n of e a rt h o rb it in g
s a t e l l it e s a r e a f f e c t e d b y t h e s p a c e w e a t h e r p h e n o m e n a .
W e s t u d y t h e g e o m a g n e t ic s t o rm t h a t h a p p e n e d d u rin g t h e p e rio d f ro m 8 t o 1 2 N o v e m b e r 2 0 0 4
a n d t h e e f f e c t in t h e G P S m e a s u re m e n t s , b a s e d o n t h e c o m p a ris o n o f t h e c o o rd in a t e s re s u lt in g
f ro m a d i ff e r e n t i a l m e a s u r e m e n t , w i t h th e " re a l" c o o rd in a t e s of a p o in t . P ro c e s s in g w as
p e rf o rm e d w it h G P P S s o f t w a re f o r q u ie t a n d d is t u rb e d d a y s . D u rin g n ig h t a n d d a y tim e s . T h u s ,
m a x im u m (m in im u m ) d e v ia t io n s w e re o b t a in e d in t h e l o c a l t im e f o r d a y - b r e a k (s u n s e t ) d u rin g
q u i e t a n d p e r t u r b e d p e r i o d s . T h e a m p l it u d e d e v i a t i o n s a r e t h e l a r g e s t d u r i n g p e r t u r b e d d a y s .
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 99
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
A palaeomagnetic sampling was carried out in an outcrop located on the Atlantic coast at 38
51S, 60 01W, close to the city of Claromec (Argentina). The sampled stratigraphic section is
composed, from old to young units, by a pedocomplex, a calcrete, a conglomerate, a cross
bedding sandstone, a rudstone and a debris flow deposit. Following a stratigraphic order, 17
samples were taken from the base to the top of the pedocomplex covering about 70 centimetres
of the section; 10 more samples were also taken from the matrix of the debris flow at the end of
the section.
After several steps of thermal demagnetization, it was observed that the samples of
pedocomplex recorded an oblique reverse polarity, probably related with an excursion of the
Earth magnetic field during the Quaternary. The samples of the debris flow deposit recorded only
normal polarity indicating that the excursion was older than this deposit. Two new radiocarbon
dates were also obtained on shells of this section yielding an age of 29,300 200 years before
present.
About 12 km to the West, it is cropping out a calcrete at the same height of the sea that the
section previously mentioned. In this calcrete it was found a well preserve human foot print and it
was collected a bone of Megaterio that belong to Late Pleistocene extinct fauna that was dated
using AMS technique in 29,700 250 years before present. This age would suggest a possible
correlation between the record of the geomagnetic excursion (Mono Lake Excursion?) and the
record of the human foot print. All the information obtained till now promotes the following
question: were human beings living our country approximately 30.000 years ago? As do not have
a conclusive answer, new petrographic, palaeontologic, isotopic, geochronologic and
palaeomagnetic studies are carried out to obtain a better knowledge of the stratigraphy of the
area, that allow to answer the former question.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 103
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
We present the results of a magnetometer survey in the area of the Resistencia-El Destino
mine, Calamuchita, Crdoba, where serpentinized ultramafic rock is extracted. The serpentinite is
affected by shear in the direction N70E. Gabbro-norite dykes were emplaced in the shear belts.
Locally, the dykes and country rocks surrounding them are affected by rodingitization. Fresh rock
samples were obtained in the front of the quarry to determine the properties to be used in the
modeling of the magnetometric survey.
The survey was conducted in six parallel profiles with N130E direction and 10 meters apart,
with points taken each eight meters, reduced to 2-4 meters in the areas of greatest gradient.
Three composed anomalies were identified, of up to 1,200 nT in amplitude and wavelengths of
tens of meters. The direct modeling was performed using Potent software, which allowed us to
consider the influence of anisotropy of susceptibility, the demagnetizing effect and magnetic
remanence, estimated from samples collected in situ.
The magnetic susceptibility of serpentinites is about 0.01 (SI), which is reduced to 0.002 within
the shear belts. High levels of susceptibility were recorded in the gabbro-norite dykes (from 0.07
to 0.3 SI), which were also strongly anisotropic (anisotropy degree 2, the minimum susceptibility
in the direction perpendicular to the plane of dikes, is half of maximum susceptibility).
Rodingitized areas, although with relatively lower susceptibility values (0,02 - 0,05), have the
particularity of carrying high-intensity magnetic remanence in the order of 20-600 A/m, perhaps
due to the presence of fine-grained magnetite and/or ilmeno-hematite. Knigsberger factor is
always greater than 10 and climbs to 100, marking a clear dominance of the remanent over the
induced magnetization in these alteration zones.
The anomalies obtained were modeled using prismatic bodies oriented with the direction of
predominant shear N70E, dipping 45 towards the SE. Two of them were explained satisfactorily
with the magnetization induced in tabular sources 2 and 6 meters deep, with susceptibilities of 0.2
- 0.8 (SI), similar to those observed in the gabbro-norite dykes. The third anomaly, however,
could only be explained by bodies with an approximately horizontal net magnetization in the plane
of the shear. This magnetization can be achieved by considering a general direction of remanent
magnetization of Dec. 90 / Inc. -5, and Knigsberger factors of approximately 40, similar to
those observed in the rodingitized samples.
This result shows that magnetometer surveys in this type of geologic environments need to be
complemented with studies of magnetic petrology, as metamorphic processes and hydrothermal
alteration (serpentinization - rodingitization) are producers of magnetite, which turns rocks into
strongly magnetic, anisotropic and, in appropriate circumstances, with strong remanence; this
significantly modifies the shape of the magnetic anomalies associated.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 105
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Los modelos Internacionales del Campo Geomagntico de Referencia (IGRF por International
Geomagnetic Reference Field) se determinan a partir del ao 1900. Cada 5 aos son
actualizados sus coeficientes correspondientes al desarrollo en esfricos armnicos aplicado a
los datos provistos por los Observatorios geomagnticos permanentes, Estaciones de repeticin
y relevamientos. En el presente trabajo se analiza la intensidad total F del Campo Geomagntico
evaluada en un perfil desde el Polo Norte al Polo Sur Geomagnticos para el intervalo temporal
1900 a 2010, cada 5 aos. Dicho perfil atraviesa Amrica y llega hasta la Antrtida abarcando 23
observatorios magnticos. Para cada Observatorio se tiene una serie temporal de valores de F.
Se calcula la variacin de F cada 5 aos y luego es analizada por medio de un anlisis espectral
no lineal para determinar los perodos predominantes. Los resultados muestran que se
detectaron perodos comprendidos en las bandas de 80 aos, 30 aos y un aporte del ciclo solar
en la banda de los 12 aos. Se concluye que las dos primeras bandas corresponden a
fenmenos generados en el geodnamo terrestre, mientras que la onda solar corresponde a
modulaciones inducidas por el ciclo solar sobre las fuentes secundarias de los sistemas de
corrientes equivalentes residentes en la magnetsfera e ionsfera que se intensifican con dicha
periodicidad.
The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) models are determined starting from
year 1900. Their coefficients, corresponding to a spherical harmonic analysis applied to data
supplied by permanent geomagnetic observatories, repeat stations and surveys, are updated
each 5 years. In the present work total intensity F of the Earth's magnetic field is analyzed
evaluated in a profile from the Geomagnetic North Pole to the Geomagnetic South Pole for
temporary interval 1900 up to 2010, every 5 years. This profile crosses America and arrives until
the Antarctic including 23 magnetic observatories. For each Observatory a temporary series of
values of F is had. The F variation every 5 years is calculated and next is analyzed by means of
nonlinear spectral analysis to determine the predominant periods. The results shows that periods
included in the bands of 80 and 30 years, and a contribution of the solar cycle in the band of the
12 years, were detected. One concludes that the two first bands correspond to phenomena
generated in terrestrial geodnamo, whereas the solar wave corresponds to modulations induced
by the solar cycle on the secondary sources of the systems of resident equivalent currents in the
magnetophere and ionosphere that intensifies with this regularity.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 106
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Los dias calmos en la Region de la Anomalia Magnetica del Atlantico Sur (Amas)
Julio Csar Gianibelli (1), Nicols Quaglino (1), Jorge Esteban Cabrera (1) y Eric
Marderwald (1)
Palabras claves: Observatorios Magnticos, AMAS, ndice, variacin diurna, das calmos
Las tcnicas para determinar los denominados das Q (por Quiet, quietos) provistos por la
IAGA (Asociacin Internacional de Geomagnetismo y Aeronoma) se encuentran basados en
criterios estadsticos generados histricamente por sistemas clsicos de registro instalados en
los Observatorios Magnticos Permanentes. En la actualidad dichos observatorios permiten una
evaluacin de la seleccin de das calmos de mejor resolucin que los registros clsicos. A este
fin se aplica la norma L1 del ndice P1F sobre los registros digitales diarios cada 1 minuto de la
intensidad total F en nT del campo magntico. Se determinan los niveles de baja actividad en los
observatorios de la regin de la Anomala Magntica del Atlntico Sur (AMAS). Se compara la
magnitud del ndice P1F diario y se analizan los niveles de mnima actividad. El resultado
muestra como ejemplo para el ao 2007 la evolucin del ndice P1F y la cantidad de das calmos
en dicho ao notablemente superior a los 60 das seleccionados por la IAGA. De esta manera su
aplicacin en la determinacin de la variacin solar calma es ms precisa.
The techniques to determine denominated Q days (quiet days) provided by the IAGA
(International Asociation for Geomagnetism and Aeronomy) are based on statistical criteria
generated historically from classic recording systems installed at the Permanent Magnetic
Observatories. At the present time, these observatories allows an evaluation of the selection of
calm days with a better resolution than the classic records. In order to obtain the better selection,
the norm L1 of P1F index is applied over the total magnetic intensity F daily digital records each 1
minute in nT. The low activity levels at observatories from South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly
(SAMA) region are determined. The magnitude of daily P1F index is compared and the levels of
minimun activity are analized. The results shows as example for year 2007 the evolution of P1F
index and the amount of calm days in this year, that is notably higher respect to the 60 calm days
selected by the IAGA. In this way their application in the determination of the solar calm variation
is more accurate.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 107
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
La climatologa espacial estudia desde hace 30 aos la actividad solar por medio de sondas
espaciales. En particular la sonda Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), situada en el punto L1
de libracin gravitacional entre la Tierra y el Sol, a 1,5 millones de Km de la Tierra, estudia el
Viento Solar (VS) desde el ao 1998 hasta la actualidad. La actividad del sol, a travs de las
eyecciones de masa coronal y el viento solar rpido generado en los agujeros coronales,
produce tormentas geomagnticas registradas en superficie por la red de Observatorios
Magnticos Permanentes. En este trabajo se presenta un estudio de correlacin entre
parmetros del viento solar (VS) que son geoefectivos en la actividad de tormenta
geomagntica y la actividad magntica registrada en el Observatorio Magntico de Trelew,
durante el ciclo solar 23 (1997-2009). Se analizan la intensidad total (Btotal) del campo
magntico interplanetario (CMI) arrastrado por el VS, la componente del CMI Bz sur y la
Velocidad (V) del VS, registrados por la sonda ACE, y su relacin con el ndice diario de
actividad P1F para Trelew. Los resultados muestran una muy buena correlacin entre dichos
parmetros del VS combinados en forma de producto y la actividad registrada en Trelew
determinada por el ndice P1F. Para el producto V*Bzsur versus P1F se obtuvieron coeficientes
de correlacin entre 0,75 y 0,85 y para el producto V*Bt coeficientes entre 0,85 y 0,90 ,
dependiendo del estado del ciclo solar 23. Se concluye que el sostenimiento de la componente
Bz sur durante largos periodos horarios en el punto L1, que est directamente ligada a valores
elevados de Bt y V durante al pasaje de nubes magnticas provenientes de las eyecciones de
masa coronal, es muy geoefectiva en la actividad de tormenta determinada por P1F en el
Observatorio de Trelew.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 108
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The space weather studies since the last 30 years the solar activity by means of space probes.
Particularly, the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) sonde located in gravitational libration
point L1 between the Earth and the sun, at 1.5 million km of the Earth, studies the Solar Wind
(VS) from year 1998 to the present time. The activity of the sun, through the coronal mass
ejections and the fast solar wind originating in coronal holes, produces geomagnetic storms at
Earth surface recorded by the network of Permanent Magnetic Observatories. In this work a study
of correlation between parameters of the solar wind that are geoefective in the geomagnetic
storm activity and the magnetic activity registered in Trelew Geomagnetic Observatory, during
solar cycle 23 (1997-2009) is presented. The total intensity (Btotal) of the interplanetary magnetic
field (CMI) dragged by solar wind, the component of CMI Bz South and the Speed (V) of solar
wind, registered by sonde ACE, and its relation with the daily index of activity P1F for Trelew, are
analyzed. The results shows a very good correlation between these parameters of VS combined
as product between them and the activity registered in Trelew determined by means of P1F
index. For the product V*BzSouth versus P1F were obtained coefficients of correlation between
0.75 and 0.85 , and for the product V*Bt versus P1F, coefficients between 0.85 and 0.90, in
accordance to the stage of solar cycle 23. It is concluded that the maintenance of Bz south during
long horary intervals at L1 point, wich is directly related to high values of Btotal and V during the
passage of magnetic clouds originated in coronal mass ejections, is very geoeffective for storm
activity determined by means of P1F at Trelew Observatory.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 109
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Julio Csar Gianibelli (1), Ricardo Ezequiel Garca (2), Guillermo Rodrguez (2), Nicols
Quaglino (1), Emilio Pincirolli (1) y Sebastin Pelliciuoli (1)
Las tormentas magnticas son uno de los efectos producto de la interaccin Sol-Tierra que
histricamente se registran en la superficie terrestre. Los magnetogramas de registro analgico
han sido y son en la actualidad de suma utilidad en los estudios estadsticos y de modelado
analtico. En este trabajo se presenta un anlisis comparativo de registros digitales completos de
tormentas magnticas, correspondientes a los observatorios de San Juan de Puerto Rico (SJG,
Lat: 18 6 36 N; Long: 66 9 O), Kourou (KOU, Lat: 5 12 36 N; Long: 52 43 52 O),
Vassouras (VSS, Lat: 22 24 S; Long: 43 39 O), Las Acacias (LAS, Lat: 35 00.5 S; Long: 57
41.65 O), Trelew (TRW, Lat: 43 16.1 S; Long: 65 22.9 O) y Port Stanley (PST, Lat: 51 42 S;
Long: 57 54 O). La variable en comparacin es la intensidad total F de campo magntico de La
Tierra. Se aplica un anlisis de los registros y se correlacionan con los parmetros solares de
densidad, velocidad, campo magntico total y componente z del viento solar obtenidos por la
sonda ACE. Los resultados comparativos de los registros entre los observatorios muestran que
sistemas de registro de F con gran autonoma de operacin como el instalado en LAS son
efectivos para el estudio de tormentas a lo largo de todas sus fases, y de los das calmos. De
acuerdo a estos resultados es posible planificar la instalacin de sistemas digitales de registro
de la intensidad total F automticos de gran autonoma en la Repblica Argentina.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 110
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The magnetic storms are one of the effects produced by Sun-Earth interaction historically
registered in the terrestrial surface. Analogical registry magnetograms has been and are at
present time of extreme utility in the statistical and analytical modelling studies. In this work a
comparative analysis of complete magnetic storm digital records, corresponding to the
observatories of San Juan of Puerto Rico (SJG, Lat: 18 6 36 N; Long: 66 9 O), Kourou (KOU,
Lat: 5 12 36 N; Long: 52 43 52 O), Vassouras (VSS, Lat: 22 24 S; Long: 43 39 O), Las
Acacias (LAS, Lat: 35 00.5 S; Long: 57 41.65 O), Trelew (TRW, Lat: 43 16.1 S; Long: 65
22.9 O) and Port Stanley (PST, Lat: 51 42 S; Long: 57 54 O), are presented. The comparison
variable is total intensity F of magnetic field of the Earth. An analysis of the registries is applied
and following they are correlated with the solar parameters density, speed, total magnetic
intensity and component z of the interplanetary magnetic field of solar wind recorded by the
Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) sonde. The comparative results of the records between
the observatories shows that systems of F recording with great operation autonomy, as the
system installed at Las Acacias Observatory, are effective for the storm study throughout all
phases, and for the quiet days too. According to these results it is possible to plan the installation
of automatic digital total intensity F recorders with great operation autonomy in the Argentine
Republic.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 111
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Julio Csar Gianibelli (1), Nicols Quaglino (1), Daniel Vargas (2) y Gustavo Ram (2)
One of the most important aspects in the investigation and teaching in geophysics and
particularly in geomagnetism and aeronomy, is the availability of the fundamental and specific
bibliographical resource. In this systematic analysis are presented the characteristics of the
disposition of different bibliographical forms and their costs, and the structures of provision. The
basic tools for teaching are displayed with an historical revision and its evolutionary study of
bibliography. It is proposed here that the institutions dedicated to graduated and post graduated
investigation and teaching in geomagnetism and aeronomy, generates a digital support system
with free access of the results of their projects of investigation and academic publications
applicable to teaching.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 114
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Estructura Elctrica del Borde Occidental del Craton del Rio de la Plata.
A p l i c a c i n d e l a tra n s fo rm a d a o n d e l e ta e n e l a n l i s i s d e to rm e n ta s
g e o m a g n ti c a s / i o n o s f ri c a s u ti l i z a n d o m a g n e to g ra m a s y v a l o re s V T E C G P S
F e r n n d e z 1 ,2 , L . I . ; M e z a 1 ,2 A . M . ; V a n Z e l e 3 ,2 M . A .
1. F a c u l t a d d e C i e n c i a s A s t r o n m i c a s y G e o f s i c a s . U N L P . L a P l a t a , B u e n o s A i r e s .
A rg e n t in a .
2. C O N IC E T
3. D e p a r t a m e n t o d e C i e n c i a s G e o l g i c a s , F a c u lt a d d e C i e n c i a s E x a c t a s y N a t u r a l e s . U B A .
C d a d . d e B u e n o s A ire s . A rg e n t in a .
E n e s t e t ra b a jo s e e v a l a n p e rt u rb a c io n e s g e o m a g n t ic a s e io n o s f ric a s a c o n t e c id a s d u ra n t e u n
p ro c e s o d e t o rm e n t a g e o s f ric a o c u rrid a e n t re e l 4 y e l 8 d e a b ril d e 2 0 0 0 . C o n e s t e f in , s e
u tiliz a n v a lo re s d e l c o n te n id o t o t a l e le c t r n ic o en la v e rt ic a l (v T E C , v e rt ic a l T o t a l E le c t ro n
C o n t e n t ) a p a rt ir d e m e d ic io n e s G P S y d e la c o m p o n e n t e h o riz o n t a l d e l c a m p o g e om a g n t ic o e n
la s u p e rf ic ie d e T ie rra , m e d id o e n e s t a c io n e s c e rc a n a s a l re c e p t o r G P S e le g id o . L o s v a lo re s d e
v T E C u s a d o s e n e s t e t ra b a jo p ro v ie n e n d e e s t a c io n e s p e rm a n e n t e s G P S p e rt e n e c ie n t e s a la re d
g l o b a l I G S ( I n t e r n a t i o n a l G N S S S e r v i c e ) u b i c a d a s e n l a t it u d e s g e o m a g n t i c a s m e d i a s .
A m b o s p a r m e t ro s f u e ro n c o rr e la c io n a d o s c o n la v e lo c id a d d e l v ie n t o s o la r y la m a g n it u d d e la
c o m p o n e n t e z d e l c a m p o m a g n t ic o in t e rp la n e t a rio (I M F , I n t e rp la n e t a ry M a g n e t ic F ie ld ).
A u n q u e t a n t o e l a n lis is e s p e c t ra l d e F o u rie r c o m o e l a n lis is d e o n d e le t a s p u e d e n m e d ir la s
v a ria c io n e s en t ie m p o -f re c u e n c ia de la s c o m p o n e n te s e s p e c t ra le s , lo s a lg o rit m o s de la
t ra n s f o rm a d a o n d e le t a p e rm it e n p ro c e s a r d a t o s e n d if e re n t e s e s c a la s o re s o lu c io n e s . P o r e llo , y
p o r s u c a p a c id a d p a ra a n a liz a r s e a le s n o e s t a c io n a ria s , s e e s c o g i la t c n ic a d e o n d e le t a s p a ra
e s t u d ia r e l d e s a rro llo d e la t o rm e n t a g e o s f ric a a n t e s m e n c io n a d a .
P a la b ra s C la v e : V T E C , T o rm e n t a g e o s f ric a , T ra n s f o rm a d a O n d e le t a
W a v e l e t a n a l y s i s to a s s e s s g e o m a g n e ti c / i o n o s p h e ri c s to rm s u s i n g m a g n e to g ra m s a n d
v T E C fro m G P S
K e y w o rd s : V T E C , g e o s p h e ric s t o rm , w a v e le t t ra n s f o rm .
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 116
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
M. Meza1, 2; M. P. Natali1, 2
Analysis of Vtec variability during 1998-2009 based on Gps Global Igs Maps
The F2 region has the greatest concentration of electrons, and it is also the region of greatest
interest in radio propagation; but it has the characteristic that it is the most variable, the most
anomalous and the most difficult region to predict. In terms of Chapman theory, which is based
on that the electron concentrations should vary regularly with solar zenith angles; the F2 regions
is anomalous in many ways. There are many well-known anomalies in the F2 layer. Several
authors have analyzed these variations and have identified three major components: winter
maximum (seasonal), equinoctial maxima (semi-annual) and a component which peaks in
December-January (annual) The aim of this work is the analysis of the annual, semiannual and
seasonal effects in the total electron content (TEC) of the terrestrial atmosphere during a solar
cycle period (1998-2009).
Spatial and temporal ionospheric variability are investigated from Global IGS VTEC maps
applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA is the decomposition of a data set into a
base of orthonormal functions which are directly determined by the data set itself. This
mathematical procedure transforms a set of correlated variables into a number of uncorrelated
variables called principal components. Simulated data from a climatological model of the
ionosphere (IRI) are computed to improve our analysis, mainly regarding the data time coverage.
The behaviour of VTEC variations at different hours of the day are analyzed, highlighting
particular characteristics associated with every period (morning, noon, afternoon and night) and
with the geomagnetic region.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 118
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
A S S O C IA T IO N B E T W E E N T H E N O R T H W E S T E R N A R G E N T IN E A N L O W A N D T H E
G E O M A G N E T IC A A IN D E X A T L O W F R E Q U E N C IE S
T . H e re d ia 1, A .G . E lia s 2
1 - U n iv e rs id a d N a c io n a l d e T u c u m a n , F a c u lt a d d e C ie n c ia s E x a c t a s y T e c n o lo g ia , D p t o . d e F is ic a ,
T u c u m a n , A rg e n t in a
2 - C O N I C E T - U n i v e r s i d a d N a c i o n a l d e T u c u m a n , F a c u lt a d d e C i e n c i a s E x a c t a s y T e c n o l o g i a , D p t o .
d e F is ic a , T u c u m a n , A rg e n t in a
T h e re a re s e v e ra l w o rk s w h ic h a n a ly z e t h e p o s s ib le c o n n e c t io n b e t w e e n c lim a t e a n d g e o m a g n e t ic
a c t i v i t y . H o w e v e r , i t i s s t il l n o t c l e a r i f t h e r e e x i s t s a r e a l a s s o c i a t i o n . I n t h i s w o r k , a l o w p r e s s u r e
s y s te m k n o w n a s t h e N o rt h w e s t e rn A rg e n t in e a n L o w (N A L ), c o m m o n ly o b s e rv e d o v e r n o rt h w e s t e rn
A rg e n t in a n e a r th e Andean s lo p e s , is a n a ly z e d to g e th e r w ith th e g e o m a g n e tic a a in d e x . N A L is
e s tim a te d as th e d if f e re n c e b e tw e e n th e m ean p re s s u re over A n to fa g a s ta (2 3 . 4 3 S ; 7 0 . 4 3 W ),
V a lp a ra is o (3 3 . 0 3 S ; 7 1 . 6 3 W ) a n d P a s o d e lo s L ib re s (2 9 . 6 8 S ; 5 7 . 1 5 W ), a n d t h e p re s s u r e o f L a
R i o j a ( 2 9 . 3 8 S ; 6 6 . 8 2 ) . R e g a r d i n g i t s v e r t i c a l p r o fi l e , o n a v e r a g e , t h e N A L d e c r e a s e s w i t h h e i g h t u n t i l
5 0 0 m b , w h e re it c o m p le t e ly d is a p p e a rs . H ig h f re q u e n c ie s in N A L a n d a a t im e s e rie s w e re f ilt e re d o u t
t h ro u g h a lo w -p a s s f ilt e r w it h a c u t -o f f f re q u e n c y o f 0 . 1 4 y e a r -1 . T h e b e h a v i o r o f b o t h f i lt e r e d s e r i e s i s
v e ry s im ila r a n d in c o u n t e rp h a s e , c o rro b o ra t e d b y a s ig n if ic a n t n e g a t iv e c o rre la t io n b e t w e e n b o t h s e rie s .
A l t h o u g h t h i s r e s u l t o n l y i m p l i e s a s t a t i s t i c a l a s s o c i a t i o n b e tw e e n N A L a n d a a , a p h y s i c a l e x p l a n a ti o n
b a s e d o n t h e g e o m a g n e t i c a c ti v i t y e f f e c t s o v e r a t m o s p h e r i c c i r c u l a t i o n c a n s u p p o r t t h i s s t a ti s t i c a l r e s u l t .
A S O C I A C I N E N T R E L A B A J A D E L N O R O E S T E A R G E N T IN O Y E L N D IC E G E O M A G N T I C O A A
E N F R E C U E N C IA S B A J A S
E x is t e n t ra b a jo s q u e a n a li z a n u n a p o s ib le c o n e x i n e n t re e l c lim a y la a c t iv id a d g e o m a g n t ic a . S in
e m b a rg o , n o q u e d a c la ro s i e x is t e u n a a s o c ia c i n r e a l e n t re e llo s . E n e s t e t ra b a jo s e a n a liz a u n
s is t e m a d e b a ja p re s i n c o n o c id o c o m o la B a ja d e l N o ro e s t e A rg e n t in o (N A L ) , c o m u n m e n t e o b s e rv a d a
e n e l n o ro e s t e d e A rg e n t in a c e r c a d e la c o rd ille ra d e lo s A n d e s , ju n t o c o n e l n d ic e g e o m a g n t ic o a a .
N AL se e s tim a com o la d if e re n c ia e n t re la p r e s i n m e d ia en A n to fa g a s ta (2 3 . 4 3 S ; 7 0 . 4 3 W ),
V a lp a ra is o (3 3 . 0 3 S ; 7 1 . 6 3 W ) y P a s o d e lo s L ib re s (2 9 . 6 8 S ; 5 7 . 1 5 W ), y la p re s i n e n L a R io ja
(2 9 . 3 8 S ; 6 6 . 8 2 ).
E n c u a n t o a s u p e rf il v e rt ic a l, e n p ro m e d io , N A L d is m in u y e c o n la a lt u ra h a s t a lo s 5 0 0 m b , d o n d e
d e s a p a re c e p o r c o m p le t o . E n la s s e rie s d e t ie m p o d e N A L y a a , l a s a lt a s f re c u e n c ia s s e f ilt ra ro n
m e d i a n t e u n f il t r o p a s a b a j o s c o n u n a f r e c u e n c i a d e c o r t e d e 0 , 1 4 a o - 1 . E l c o m p o r t a m i e n t o d e a m b a s
s e rie s f ilt ra d a s , e s m u y s im ila r y e n c o n t ra f a s e , c o r ro b o r a d o p o r u n a s ig n if ic a t iv a c o rre la c i n n e g a t iv a
e n t re a m b a s s e rie s . A u n q u e e s t e re s u lt a d o s lo im p lic a u n a a s o c ia c i n " e s t a d s t ic a " e n t re N A L y a a ,
u n a e x p lic a c i n f s ic a b a s a d a e n lo s e f e c t o s d e la a c t iv id a d g e o m a g n t ic a e n la c irc u la c i n a t m o s f ric a
p u e d e a p o y a r e s t e re s u lt a d o e s t a d s t ic o .
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 121
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Julio C. Gianibelli (1), Mnica Marino (2), Ernesto Faccini (3), Ricardo E. Garca (4),
Guillermo Rodrguez (4), Esteban Cabrera (1) (2) y Nicols Quaglino (1)
La necesidad de confeccionar cada 5 aos una carta de los elementos magnticos para la
Repblica Argentina, remite a disponer de una red permanente de Estaciones de Repeticin. En
cada una de ellas se determinan en forma absoluta la Declinacin (D), Inclinacin (I) e Intensidad
Total (F) del Campo Magntico Terrestre. Para ello es necesario materializar en forma segura
dos pilares a partir de los cuales se conforme una direccin cuyo azimut geogrfico se conozca y
se determine en uno de ellos la Declinacin e Inclinacin Magnticas. Un tercer pilar, distante de
los otros dos unos 15 metros, se utilizar para que en forma simultnea se determine la
Intensidad Total del Campo Magntico. El instrumental a utilizarse es un Teodolito Magntico
Flux-gate para determinar D e I y un Magnetmetro de Precesin Protnica para F. En este
trabajo se presentan los lugares de accesibilidad ms aptos para la materializacin de estas
estaciones de tal manera de tener una cobertura total del territorio Argentino. Otra aplicacin de
esta red consiste en el conocimiento de las variaciones temporales del campo para su
comparacin con las obtenidas a partir de los Observatorios Magnticos Permanentes de la
Repblica Argentina.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 122
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The necessity to elaborate each 5 years a magnetic elements chart of Argentine Republic,
remits to dispose a permanent Repeat Stations network. In each one of them the terrestrial
Magnetic Field Declination, Inclination and Total Intensity are determined. For it is necessary to
materialize in safe form two pillars from wich can be conformed a direction whose geographical
azimuth is known and it is determined in one of them Magnetic Declination and Inclination. A third
pillar, 15 meters away from others two pillars, will be used to determine simultaneously the total
intensity of magnetic field. The instrumental to be used are a Flux-gate Magnetic Theodolite and
a Protonic Precession Magnetometer. In this work the locations with more apt accessibility to can
materialize these stations in such way to have a complete coverage of the territory are presented.
Another application of this network consists in the knowledge of time variations of the field to be
compared with those obtained from the Permanet magnetic Observatories of Argentine Republic.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 123
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
M. P. Natali1, 2; A. M. Meza1, 2
Annual and semiannual Vtec effects at Low Solar Activity based on GPS Observations at
different geomagnetic latitudes
The aim of this work is the analysis of the annual, semiannual and seasonal effects in the total
electron content (TEC) of the terrestrial atmosphere during low solar activity.
Spatial and temporal ionospheric variability are investigated from Global IGS VTEC maps
during low solar activity in 2006. Two different techniques, Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
and Fourier analysis, are applied to the dataset. Applying the PCA technique on a time series of
Global IGS VTEC maps gives us a method to analyzing the main ionospheric anomalies on a
global scale. The Fourier series provide us a comparison with the results obtained with PCA. The
behavior of VTEC variations at two periods centered at 12:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. local time are
analyzed. Particular characteristics associated with each period and with the geomagnetic region
are highlighted.
All the stations show an annual behavior, which means that the maxima variations of the VTEC
occur in summer, while minimum variations are in winter except in the stations located at the
Northern Hemisphere at noon. Some regions show patterns of the semiannual anomaly during
local noon, and also it is possible to see in the Northern Hemisphere a higher peak of VTEC
during spring than autumn. But if we analyze the pattern in the Southern Hemisphere both peaks
in equinox are of the same magnitude. Results obtained with Fourier series are comparable with
the ones mentioned above.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 125
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Las bases mundiales que colectan los valores medios anuales (VMA) de los elementos
magnticos determinados en la red Observatorios Permanentes, constituye una de las fuentes
de informacin para los estudios de las componentes de baja frecuencia. Para ello es importante
contar con extensas series temporales como las del Observatorio Magntico de Pilar Crdoba
(Lat: -31 40; Long: 6353 Oeste). La metodologa utilizada consisti en aplicar un anlisis
espectral por el Mtodo de Mxima Entropa, basado en el algoritmo de Burg, a los residuos
obtenidos respecto de la recta de mejor ajuste a los VMA. La informacin disponible cubri el
intervalo comprendido entre 1905.5 hasta 2009.5, siendo los elementos analizados la
Declinacin (D en minutos de arco: min) e Inclinacin (I en minutos de arco: min) magnticas, las
componentes Horizontal (H) y Vertical (Z) en nanoTeslas nT, y la Intensidad Total del Campo (F)
en nanoTeslas. La varianza (var) de los residuos de los elementos analizados fueron las
siguientes: varD=252.5(min2); varI=1388.7(min2); varH=10003.6nT2; varZ=48469.9nT2; y
varF=6816.7nT2. La longitud del filtro predictor de error para la deteccin de los periodos
presentes en las series fue del 50 al 100% de cubrimiento de la cantidad total de datos. Los
perodos detectados para D fueron 107.8; 81.9; 41; 28.1; y 16.4 aos; para I, 107.8; 53.9; 41.8;
27.3 y 16.3 aos; mientras que para H se detect: 97.5; 62.1; 43.6; 24.7 y 21.3 aos; para Z:
107.8; 51.2; 40.2; 28.4 y 18.9 aos; y finalmente para F: 85.3; 66.1; 38.6; 25.2 y 21.3 aos. Los
periodos hallados mayores de 30 aos podran corresponder a variaciones del campo producido
por el Geodnamo residente en el Ncleo externo de la Tierra. Los periodos comprendidos entre
29 y 21 aos corresponderan a un proceso de modulacin solar sobre los valores medios
anuales de la misma manera que el periodo de 16.4 aos. En cambio el ciclo de 18.9 aos
estara relacionado con el perodo de marea Lunar de 18.6 aos. Se determinaron las amplitudes
y fases de cada periodo en cada una de las series analizadas mediante un modelo lineal no
armnico, resultando al efectuar la simulacin de las series un error medio cuadrtico (rms) del
ajuste los siguiente valores: rms(D)=0.7min; rms(I)=3.5min; rmsH=10.4nT; rmsZ=14.4nT y
rmsF=10.5nT. Se concluye que la metodologa aplicada y el modelo son apropiados para este
anlisis de deteccin de largos perodos.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 126
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
World Data Centers wich collect annual mean values (VMA) of magnetic elements determined
at Magnetic Observatories Network are one of the information sources to study low frequency
components. For it is important to have available long time series as the belonging to Pilar
Magnetic observatory (Lat: -31 40; Long: 6353 W), in Cordoba Province. The applied
methodology consisted of applying a spectral analysis by the Maximun Entropy Method, based on
the algorithm of Burg, to the residues obtained with respect to the straight line of better
adjustment to the VMA. The information available covered the interval between 1905,5 up to
2009,5, being the analyzed elements the Magnetic Declination (D, in minutes of arc: min) and
Inclination (I, in minutes of arc: min), the Horizontal (H) and Vertical (Z) components in nT, and
the Total Intensity of the Field (F) in nT. The variance (var) of the residues of the analyzed
elements was the following: varD=252.5 min2; varI=1388.7 min2; varH=10003.6 nT2;
varZ=48469.9 nT2; and varF=6816.7 nT2. The length of the error predicting filter for the detection
of the present periods in the series went from the 50 to the 100% of covering of the total amount
of data. The periods detected for D were 107.8; 81.9; 41; 28.1; and 16,4 years; for I, 107.8; 53.9;
41.8; 27.3 and 16,3 years; whereas for H it was detected: 97.5; 62.1; 43.6; 24.7 and 21,3 years;
for Z: 107.8; 51.2; 40.2; 28.4 and 18,9 years; and finally for F: 85.3; 66.1; 38.6; 25.2 and 21,3
years. The found periods greater than 30 years could correspond to variations of the field
produced by the resident Geodynamo in the External Core of the Earth . The periods between 29
and 21 years would correspond to a solar process of modulation on the annual average values in
the same way that the period of 16,4 years. However the cycle of 18,9 years would be related to
the period of lunar tide of 18,6 years. The amplitude and phases of every period in each one of
the analized series were determined by means of nonharmonic linear model, resulting after
carrying on the simulation of the series the following quadratic mean error (rms) of the
adjustment: rmsD=0.7 min; rmsI=3.5 min; rmsH=10.4 nT; rmsZ=14.4 nT and rmsF=10.5 nT. It is
concluded that the applied methodology and the model are appropriate for this analysis of
detection of long periods.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 127
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The subduction process is detected mainly by the depth of the expression of elastic liberation in
the hypocenter region of earthquakes. The Nazca plate is an example of it. Several Magnetic
Observatories are in the surface of South America where possible effects of the geodynamic and
geochemical transformations of the material to depths of about 300km are carried out changing
the geophysical characteristics of movement of mantle circulation and in particular of its
conductivity. It is available the collection of seismic events in the region between 10 and -30 of
Latitude and between -50 and -80 of West longitude, selected by depth in two levels: level 1
between 300 and 499km and level 2 of more of 500km. The objective of this study is to analyze
the effects of the deep earthquake sequences on the events of Residual Secular Variacin (VSR)
at the Permanent Magnetic Observatory of Pilar (PIL: Lat. - 31 40 '; Long. 63 53 ' W). The VSR
is the value that are obtained after to remove the effect of main field represented by Model
IGRF11 valid for time interval 1900.0 up to 2015.0 to each one of the series of annual mean
values (VMA) of PIL magnetic declination D and inclination I, horizontal H and vertical Z
components, and total intensity F. These series are corrected by the variations in in the period
band of 11 and 22 years corresponding to the single and double solar cycle presents in the
analyses of the VMA of external origin. In that way the VSR represents the effect of the dynamics
of the mantle in regions of interaction with subduction crust, not represented by the spherical
harmonical analisys (AAE) of the IGRF11 which cuts in order 10, leaving orders 11 up to 14
possibly corresponding to effects of origin still resident in the external Earth core and orders
between 15 and 21 to temporary anomalies of sources resident in the mantle. The orders
superiors to 21 correspond to the anomalies of the crust. These results were obtained by the
satellital data analyses of Magsat and Oersted satellites calculating the curve of multi-polar
energy for each order of the AAE. The results shows changes in the VSR for the earthquake
sequences between 1931-1954, 1955-1971, 1971-1982, and 1982-2005 with a correlation
coefficient of 0.53 for Z; but in phase oposition for D. when the amount of earthquakes falls or
increases the VSR of D is positive or negative respectively. One concludes that these effects on
the VSR are bound to processes of variations of conductivity in the region of subduction of the
Nazca plate that produces changes in the diffusion of the main field in surface, generating an
apparent secondary source of magnetic field.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 129
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Re, Guillermo H.
Se presentan los resultados del estudio magnetoestratigrfico de las Fms Vinchina Y Toro
Negro. A partir de la correlacin magnetoestratigrfica realizada, y de los datos geocronolgicos
y de la interpretacin disponible de los ambientes de sedimentacin, se pudo establecer una
cronologa de los cambios paleogeogrficos ocurridos en este sector de la cuenca del antepas
andino. A partir de estos estudios se puede estimar que desde la base aflorante de la secuencia,
a los 22Ma, y hasta los 15,5Ma se habran desarrollado sistemas fluviales anastomosados con
direcciones de paleocorrientes hacia el NO. Estos depsitos marcan un perodo de ascenso
paulatino del rea de aporte ubicado al Oeste de la cuenca (Cordillera Frontal), con una tasa de
sedimentacin que decreci desde 0,55 a 0,15mm/a. Estos depsitos corresponden a una etapa
de relleno incompleto de la cuenca (underfill stage). A partir de los 15,2Ma la tasa de
sedimentacin alcanza un valor de 0,8Ma, entre los 15,2 y los14,3Ma, y luego decrece a
0,7mm/a, valor que se mantiene hasta los 11,5Ma., aproximadamente. El fuerte incremento
verificado a los 15,2Ma estara relacionado con el inicio del ascenso del Famatina
(ProtoFamatina?). Este importante cambio paleogeogrfico llev al reemplazo de los sistemas
fluviales anastomosados del miembro inferior por sistemas fluviales entrelazados gravosos y
arenosos, en una cuenca en estado de relleno completo inicial (early overfill stage). A partir de
los 11,5Ma y hasta el pasaje al miembro inferior de la Fm Toro Negro, la tasa de sedimentacin
de la seccin superior del miembro superior de la Fm Vinchina decreci a 0,25mm/a. Esta
seccin est caracterizada por depsitos correspondientes a sistemas fluviales efmeros tanto
meandriformes como entrelazados, que indican un estado de relleno completo de la cuenca
(overfill stage). Con el inicio de la depositacin del miembro inferior de la Fm Toro Negro, se
produce un fuerte incremento en la tasa de sedimentacin, hasta alcanzar un valor de 0,57mm/a
que se mantiene constante durante la depositacin de todo este miembro. Este incremento
estara relacionado el ascenso relativo del rea de aporte, que podra haber migrado
progresivamente, pasando a ser la Sierra de Toro Negro y de los Cuminchangos, ubicadas al N-
NO de la cuenca. Estos ascensos estn registrados por el cambio progresivo en la composicin
de las sedimentitas, y por direcciones de paleocorriente provenientes del N-NO. A los 5,0ma se
habra producido un importante evento tectnico, como consecuencia del cual los bloques de las
Sierras Pampeanas, y en especial del Sistema de Famatina, habran ascendido fuertemente con
respecto a la cuenca. En este momento tambin habra comenzado el ascenso de la sierra de
Los Colorados, con el desarrollo de un bolsn ubicado al occidente de esta sierra, el bolsn de
Jage, comenzando, como consecuencia de estos ascensos, la depositacin del miembro
superior de la Formacin Toro Negro.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 130
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Results from a magnetostratigraphic study of the Vinchina and Toro Negro formations are
presented. From the magnetostratigraphic correlation, geochronological information and
interpretation of the depositional environments, a chronology of paleogeographic changes
occurred in this sector of the Andean foreland basin was obtained. It is estimated that from the
base of the sequence, at about 22 Ma, and up to 15.5 Ma, braided river systems with
paleocurrent directions toward the NW developed. These deposits mark a period of creeping
supply area located to the west of the basin (Cordillera Frontal) with a sedimentation rate that
decreased from 0,55 to 0.15 mm/y. These deposits correspond to a stage of incomplete filling of
the basin (underfill stage). Between 15.2 and 14.3 Ma sedimentation rate reached a value of 0.8
mm/y, slightly decreasing afterwards to 0.7 mm/y. This value remained unchanged until ca. 11.5
Ma. The sharp increase in sedimentation rates at around 15.2 Ma would be related to the onset of
the uplift of the Famatina (ProtoFamatina?) Ranges. This important palaeogeographic change led
to the replacement of the braided river systems of the lower member by gravelly braided stream
sand in a basin with an initial state of complete fill (overfill early stage). After 11.5 Ma, the
sedimentation rate of the upper section of the upper member of the Vinchina Fm significantly
decreased to 0.25 mm/y up to the boundary with the lower member of the Toro Negro Fm. This
section is characterized by deposits under both ephemeral rivers meandering as intertwined,
which indicates a state of complete filling of the basin (overfill stage). With the start of the
deposition of the lower member of the Toro Negro Fm, there is a sharp increase in sedimentation
rate, reaching a value of 0.57 mm/y which remained approximately constant during deposition of
this entire member. This increase was due to the uplift of the supply area, which migrated
gradually towards the Sierra de Toro Negro and Cuminchangos, located to the N-NW of the
basin. This uplift was recorded by the progressive change in the composition of the sediments, as
well as paleocurrent directions from the N-NW. At 5.0 Ma a major tectonic event took place,
producing significant uplift of the eastern Precordillera, and especially the Famatina Ranges. Upift
of the Sierra de Los Colorados occurred at those times, with the development of a small basin
located to the west of this range, the Jage basin, starting deposition of the upper member of the
Toro Negro Formation.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 131
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Re, Guillermo H.
Palabras clave: anomalas magnticas, Pensula Antrtica, rocas intrusivas, arco magmtico.
Magnetic anomaly data from a geophysical aerosurvey from Tierra del Fuego to northern
Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula
The IceGrav project is an international aerogeophysical effort jointly carried out by several
institutions. Its primary objective is to accelerate the mapping of the gravity field of Antarctica in
support of global geodesy. The secondary purpose is to collect magnetic and ice-penetrating
radar data for general geophysics and glaciology. In this presentation we report on the magnetic
data set from the first stage of the aerosurvey, carried out between January and February 2010.
Nearly 25000 line-km of data cover the region between Southermost South America and northern
Palmer Land in the Antarctic Peninsula. Very good quality data tracks cross the Drake Passage,
between Tierra del Fuego and the South Shetland Islands. Magnetic lineations are clearly traced
on the three segments of the extinct Phoenix plate. An elongated linear anomaly borders the
Shackleton fracture zone centered at the adjacent extinct spreading ridge. The main differences
between the present data and the ADMAP (Antarctic Digital Magnetic Anomaly Project)
compilation are in the northern Antarctic Peninsula area where there are strong gradients and no
previous high resolution magnetic surveys. Particularly striking are sharp high amplitude
anomalies caused by intrusions related to the magmatic arc that stretch from the Pacific Margin
Anomaly into the Eastern Domain in the Antarctic Peninsula and the eastern margin magnetically
quiet zone, in the Weddell Sea.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 135
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
1F. Ruiz, 1E. Luna, 1M. Gimenez, 1P. Martinez, 1F. Leiva, 1S. Adarvez, 1I. Novara.
1: Instituto Geofsico Sismolgico, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Ruta 12 km17, Rivadavia
(CP 5407), San Juan, Argentina. fruiz@unsj-cuim.edu.ar
A technique for the confection of grids mosaic of magnetic anomalies obtained in isolated
airborne studies (different times and equipment) is proposed in this work. The method consists in
quality control, leveling and adjustment of the aeromagnetic data through the overlapping by
means of magnetic land surveys.
In practice, when trying to integrate into a single digital grid some number of aeromagnetic data
grids, there are shifts in the order of tens to hundreds of nT. This usually is corrected by simple
mathematical leveling of the data at the zones of the grids overlapping. This method can mask
the geological reality, since it is changed arbitrarily the amplitude of the dipolar character of
magnetic signal.
It is a regular practice in airborne geophysics to remove diurnal variations by direct subtraction
of the diurnal variations measured at a base station and later through by tie-line and flight-line
leveling schemes to correct the remnant errors.
The problem in aeromagnetics is that studies are designed for having the data in isolated way
since the base station takes data only during the production time of the aircraft. Therefore a
random magnetic datum (base level for the diurnal correction) is used, instead of the obtained
datum after adjusting the undisturbed periods (baseline night) of the magnetic field statistically in
the diurnal correction.
An application of this methodology is the leveling and adjustment of aeromagnetic grids of
Bloque II Precordillera Sur and Pie de Palo area (SEGEMAR, 1999 and 2001).The simple
superposition of both grids of magnetic field reveals a shift in the order of 426 nT. We measured a
profile of 90 km in length linking the two aerial surveys to remedy this and control the quality of
data.
The diurnal correction of the magnetic measurements was made using the Estacin Magntica
Zonda's magnetograms (EMZ); the magnetic datum was calculated by means of the statistical
linear regression of the nighttime magnetic field during the months of June to August 2009.
Applying upward continuation to the terrestrial data at the flying height, deviations were found
constant of 559 nT magnetic anomalies in the Bloque de Precordillera and 131 nT in Pie de Palo.
Applying the leveling for simple addition of the calculated constants, a mosaic of anomalies of
magnetic field is obtained by a robust technique, which it does not exhibit gradients at the overlap
zone and then it has a high correlation with the geology of the region.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 137
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Hidrologa
Implementacin de un perfilmetro lser bidimensional para medir rugosidad edfica en
lotes agrcolas
1 Grupo de Teledeteccin, Instituto de Astronoma y Fsica del Espacio (UBA CONICET) Int.
Giraldes s/n (C1428ZAA), Pabelln IAFE, Ciudad Autnoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
2 Ctedra de Conservacin y Manejo de Suelos. Facultad de Agronoma. UNCPBA,
Salvia, M 1, Grings, F1, Karszenbaum, H 1, Perna, P1, Douna, V.1, Barraza V1., Ferrazzoli, P2
1Instituto
de Astronoma y Fsica del Espacio (IAFE), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires,
Argentina
2Tor Vergata University, Ingegneria DISP, Via del Politecnico 1 00133 Roma, Italy
A pesar de constituir una pequea fraccin del agua total del planeta, el agua continental
presenta un impacto crucial en la vida humana y su ambiente. En particular, las reas inundadas
peridicamente tienen fuertes consecuencias sobre la poblacin, y son importantes en los ciclos
hidrolgicos y biogeoqumicos.
En las ltimas dos dcadas se ha demostrado que los sensores orbitales de microondas
pasivas son sensibles a la condicin de inundacin de las grandes planicies de inundacin. Esta
sensibilidad est arraigada en las propiedades de emisin bien diferenciadas del agua calma con
respecto a cualquier tipo de tierras no inundadas. Asimismo los radares de apertura sinttica
orbitales se utilizan de manera sistemtica en el monitoreo de alcance de rea inundada.
En el caso de sistemas pasivos, trabajos anteriores han mostrado la sensibilidad de la
diferencia de temperaturas en 37 GHz a los efectos de las inundaciones ocurridas en la cuenca
del Amazonas. Para estimar la fraccin de rea inundada, se adopt un algoritmo simple basado
en la diferencia de temperatura de brillo en 37 GHz para distintas polarizaciones. Este algoritmo
se basa en (1) un modelo de las clases puras permitidas, y (2) una hiptesis de aditividad de la
emisividad de la huella del radimetro en el terreno. Por otro lado, radares de apertura sinttica
orbitales han demostrado su capacidad para el monitoreo de alcance de inundacin. Los
sistemas pasivos se caracterizan por una baja resolucin espacial y una alta sensibilidad y los
activos por su alta resolucin.
En este trabajo se propone un algoritmo para determinar fraccin de rea inundada y volumen
de agua almacenada en la planicie de inundacin del Ro Paran, utilizando datos pasivos y
activos, modelos de interaccin electromagntica y modelos conceptuales. Para esto se
utilizaron las diferencias de temperatura de brillo de dos polarizaciones a partir de datos del
sensor AMSR-E a bordo de Aqua y mapas de inundacin obtenidos con datos del sistema
ENVISAT/ASAR en modo WSM durante el perodo comprendido entre Junio 2009 a Mayo 2010.
Este trabajo discute las caractersticas del algoritmo, sus hiptesis, las fuentes de error y el
alcance de los productos obtenidos.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 139
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Despite the small fraction of the total amount of water on Earth, less than 1%, terrestrial water
has a crucial impact on life and the human environment. In particular episodically inundated
areas, have strong human consequences and play an important role in the global biochemical
and hydrological cycles.
Over the past two decades, orbital passive microwave systems have proven to be sensitive to
flood condition in large floodplains. This sensitivity is rooted in the well differentiated emission
properties of calm water with respect to non-flooded land of any kind. Also, orbital synthetic
aperture radars are being used in a systematic manner for determination of flood extent.
In the case of passive systems, previous papers show the sensitivity of the absolute
temperature difference at 37 GHz to flooding effects occurred in the Amazon River. A simple
algorithm, based on the temperature difference at 37 GHz measured by SMMR, was adopted.
This algorithm is based on (1) a model of allowed pixel end-members and (2) an additive
hypothesis about the emissivity of the footprint.
In this paper, a refined approach to estimate flooded area and water storage in the Paran
River Delta based on passive-active synergy, and electromagnetic models is presented. We used
AMSR-E data and flood extent maps obtained using ENVISAT/ASAR in WSM mode. The
analysis period covers form June 2009 to May 2010. This work also discusses the characteristics
of the algorithm, its hypothesis and the scope of the obtained products.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 140
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Erosin hdrica en las reas sembradas con papa en Tucumn por el cambio climtico.
Estela A. Ros(1) , Victor Hugo Ros(1), Elia. Guyot(2) y Valeria Lucena (2).
El cambio climtico, monitoreado por expertos de todo el mundo, ha ido formando conciencia
sobre los impactos que tendr el calentamiento global sobre todos los mbitos de inters del
planeta. Los impactos directos previsibles a partir de esta evidencia son claros: Menores
reservas de agua para uso agrcola, industrial y urbano. Aceleracin del proceso de
desertificacin. Destruccin de los ecosistemas de agua dulce. Modificacin de los ecosistemas,
por disminucin de la precipitacin y aumento en la temperatura al norte de la XI regin.
Desaparicin de importantes superficies de nieve y hielo. Erosin severa de cuencas no
protegidas. Menor disponibilidad de agua para las plantas en terrenos no irrigados, dado el
aumento en la intensidad de las lluvias. El cambio climtico exige de la sociedad argentina un
esfuerzo mucho mayor al realizado para atenuar los impactos que tendr sobre nuestro territorio
y sus habitantes. El cultivo de la papa es de importancia econmica dentro del PBI agrcola de la
provincia de Tucumn (4 lugar); la ubicacin geogrfica de su rea de produccin es un
agroecosistema frgil por lo que es imprescindible el manejo de los problemas de erosin
hdrica. Por lo tanto el objetivo de este trabajo es mejorar crops potatoe irrigation management a
travs de la informacin proveniente de los satlites combinadas con farms practice. El modelo
digital de terreno fue obtenido a travs de imgenes ASTER. Las prcticas de riego fueron
seguidas a travs de un software de irrigation managment (FAO) y procesamiento de imgenes
satelitales (ENVI). Los resultados preliminares de esta experiencia permitieron, a travs de un
estudio multitemporal, observar la evolucin del cultivo, reprogramar las prcticas de riego para
la prxima campaa disminuyendo la erosin hdrica observada y optimizando econmicamente
su productividad.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 141
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Climate changes, monitored by experts from all over the world, have been a matter of
consciousness raising about the impacts global warming will have on all areas of interest on the
planet. The foreseeable direct impacts expected from this evidence are clear: fewer water
reserves for agricultural, industrial and urban use; acceleration of desertification processess;
destruction of freshwater ecosystems; ecosystem modification due to a drop in rainfall and an
increase in temperature to the north of the XI. Region; disappearance of large areas of snow and
ice; severe erosion of unprotected basins; reduced water availability for plants in non irrigated
land, due to an increase in rain fall intensity. Climate changes demand from the Argentine society
a much greater effort than it has been made up to now to mitigate the impacts on our territory and
its inhabitants. Potato crop is of a great economic importance in the agricultural GDP of the
province of Tucumn (4th place), the geographic location of its production area is a fragile agro-
ecosystem and for this reason the management of water erosion problems is essential. Therefore
the aim of this work is to improve potatoe crop irrigation management through information from
satellites combined with farm practice. The digital terrain model was obtained from ASTER
images. Irrigation practices were followed by an irrigation management software (FAO) and
satellite image processing (ENVI). Preliminary results of this experience enabled, through a multi
temporal study, the observation of the evolution of crops and irrigation practices rescheduling for
next season reducing detected water erosion and economically optimizing productivity.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 142
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Relacin y vinculacin de los surges de los glaciares Horcones Inferior Nevado del Plomo,
Andes Centrales de Mendoza, Argentina, a partir del anlisis digital de imgenes
El presente trabajo analiza la evolucin temporal y relacin de los surges ocurridos en los
glaciares Horcones Inferior y Nevado del Plomo. El glaciar Horcones Inferior est localizado a los
32 41 s y 69 57 w, al pie del C Aconcagua, Parque Provincial Aconcagua y el Glaciar Nevado
del Plomo, se encuentra ubicado a los 33 07 s y 70 01 w en el Parque Provincial Tupungato,
ambos en Mendoza, Argentina. Estos cuerpos de hielo pertenecen al cuenca del Rio Horcones,
el primero y a la cuenca del rio Plomo, el segundo. Ambas zonas representan ms del 75% del
rea englazada de la Cuenca del Ro Mendoza y en consecuencia el estudio de las mismas es
fundamental para el desarrollo del oasis norte mendocino.
El estudio y monitoreo de los glaciares se efectu mediante la aplicacin de mtodos indirectos
de medicin, utilizando imgenes LANDSAT y ASTER entre los aos 1985 y 2007. Inferencias
acerca de la relacin entre los eventos ocurridos al mismo tiempo en dos zonas aledaas,
pudieron ser entendidos teniendo en cuenta los procesos que generan este tipo de sucesos
catastrficos. Se registraron velocidades de los frentes de los glaciares del orden de los 4 m/d,
durante dicho periodo. Esta metodologa, a partir de la reconstruccin con imgenes de archivo,
representa una herramienta fundamental para la analizar la evolucin histrica de eventos
catastrficos glaciarios y criognicos.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 143
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Relationship and connections of surges in the glaciers Horcones Inferior and Nevado del
Plomo, Central Andes of Mendoza, Argentina, from digital image analysis
This work analyzes the evolution and relationship of surges occurred in the glaciers Horcones
Inferior and Nevado del Plomo. The glacier Horcones Inferior is located at 32 41 S and 69 57
W in the Provincial Park Aconcagua, Mendoza, Argentina, on the foot of the Aconcagua massif
and the Nevado del Plomo is located at 33 07 s y 70 01 w in the Provincial Park Tupungato,
both in Mendoza, Argentina. These ice bodies belong to Horcones River Basin, the first, and the
second at the Plomo river basin. Both areas represent over 75% of the glaciated area of
Mendoza River basin and consequently the study of them is essential for the development of the
northern oasis of Mendoza.
The study and monitoring of glaciers took place through the application of indirect methods of
measurement, using LANDSAT and ASTER images between 1985 and 2007. Inferences about
the relationship between events occurring simultaneously in two neighboring areas could be
understood taking into account the processes that generate such catastrophic events. Velocities
were recorded from the fronts of the glaciers in the order of 4 m/d during that period. This
methodology, based on reconstruction with archival images, represents a fundamental tool for
analyzing the historical evolution of glacial catastrophic and cryogenics events.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 144
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
In this study, significant co-variability between the sunspot numbers and the discharge of the
Paran and Atuel rivers are described in different bands of frequency using the methodology of
Wavelet Coherence analysis.
In the Paran case, the interaction is clearly nonstationary and nonlinear and the phase
relationship is not the same for all the frequencies in bands shorter than 20 yrs. On the contrary,
significant in-phase relationship in bands around 30 yrs characterizes the co-variability of solar
activity and this river discharge.
The statistical connection between solar activity and the Atuel river flow is mainly characterized
by a stationary co-variability in bands around 11 yrs. This connection is nonlinear and opposite to
the connection in bands around 4-6 yrs after the 1970s. Moreover, a clear linear relationship is
observed in multidecadal bands after the 1960s.
The discharge of Paran responds to the precipitation over the basin while the Atuel River
results of snowmelt of the winter snowfall-storage over the high Andes. Therefore, solar signal in
both rivers suggests solar influence over wide regions of southern South America as well as solar
influence in different climatic variables.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 145
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Fernando Oreiro 2,4,5, Nicols Citadini 1, Alberto Pradelli 1,4, Mara A. Arecco 3, 4, Ral Das 5
En este trabajo se calcula un modelo regional del geoide vinculado a la red mareogrfica del
Servicio de Hidrografa Naval. Dicho geoide, que se ajusta al nivel del mar mediante la
vinculacin, puede ser empleado en la reduccin de sondajes utilizando el procedimiento GPS
Cinemtico en Tiempo Real (RTK). La zona incluida en este trabajo se halla comprendida entre
Comodoro Rivadavia y Puerto Deseado en la Patagonia Argentina. En el puerto de esta ltima
localidad se encuentran un maremetro y un maregrafo de la red del Servicio de Hidrografa
Naval. El modelo del geoide local se obtiene de la combinacin de diversos modelos de geoides.
Uno de ellos es el modelo global de EGM2008, generado recientemente con las tcnicas ms
avanzadas y la mejor base de datos disponible hasta 2008. Dicho modelo proviene del empleo
del mtodo de la integral de Stokes en la forma de la circunvolucin, la cual se demuestra como
una herramienta eficiente para alcanzar el objetivo previsto. Tambin se utiliza un modelo de
gravedad de longitud de onda media, Geoide ARgentino (GAR) cuyas correcciones del terreno
se han calculado de un modelo digital del terreno basado en la SRTM (Shuttler Radar
Topography Mission) de 90 m de resolucin. Estas correcciones se utilizaron para obtener los
residuos de las anomalas de gravedad. Finalmente, se utilizarn las ondulaciones del geoide
correspondientes a puntos situados en el rea de estudio, obtenidas por GPS/nivelacin en
campaas realizadas a tal efecto. El geoide GAR y el modelo de EGM2008 se comparan con las
ondulaciones del geoide calculadas en los puntos GPS/nivelacin. A partir de esta combinacin
se obtiene un nuevo geoide que presenta un mejor ajuste que los modelos individuales, debido a
que se incorporan ondulaciones de larga, media y muy corta longitud de onda. Este trabajo tiene
la posibilidad de ser mejorado mediante los resultados de las nuevas misiones de satlites de
gravedad, que proporcionan nuevas soluciones globales permitiendo el modelado de las
longitudes de onda largas y medias del campo de gravedad de la Tierra y la densificacin de
puntos GPS/nivelacin. La solucin del clculo del geoide aqu encontrada es muy importante
para realizar levantamientos batimtricos utilizando el sistema RTK. Tambin proporciona una
superficie de referencia mejorada utilizable con fines prcticos en determinaciones altimtricas a
partir de observaciones GPS, como as tambin para propsitos geodsicos y geofsicos.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 146
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
In this paper a regional model of the geoid linked to a tide gauge network is computed. The
geoid, which is set at sea level by linking, can be used in reducing drilling procedure using the
Real Time Kinematic GPS (RTK) method. The area included in this study falls between
Comodoro Rivadavia and Puerto Deseado in Patagonia Argentina. In the port of the latter locality
there are a tide gage and an Argentinian Hidrographic Office (SIHN) tide gauge network. The
local geoid model is obtained from the combination of various geoid models, i) the global model
EGM2008 generated recently with the latest techniques and best database available until 2008.
This model comes from the use of the method of Stokes integral in convolution form, which is an
efficient tool to achieve the target, ii) a gravity model of medium wavelength, Geoide Argentino
(GAR) on which the land corrections are calculated from a digital terrain model based on the
SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) with 90 m resolution. These corrections were used to
obtain the residual of the gravity anomalies, iii) finally, the resulting geoid undulations in the points
on the study area, observed by GPS / leveling, campaigning for this purpose. The gravimetric
geoid model EGM2008 is compared to geoid undulations derived from GPS points. From this
combination will get a new geoid which has a better fit than individual models, because they
incorporate undulations of long, medium and very short wavelength. This work has the potential
to be improved by the results of new gravity satellite missions that provide new global solutions
enabling the modeling of long wavelengths and half of the gravity field of the Earth and the
densification of GPS points / leveling. The calculation of a solution of the geoid is very important
for the purposes of port engineering, while providing an improved reference surface useful for
practical purposes in altimetry measurements from GPS observations, as well as for geodetic and
geophysical purposes.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 147
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
La cuenca del ro Bermejo se extiende sobre una extensa franja con orientacin noroeste-
sudeste cubriendo parte del sur de Bolivia y de las provincias argentinas de Salta, Jujuy,
Formosa y Chaco.
El ro Bermejo tiene un ciclo anual bien definido con valores mayores al mdulo entre
diciembre y abril. Los mximos caudales se producen en el bimestre febrero-marzo mientras que
los mnimos se registran entre agosto y octubre. Este ciclo anual es la respuesta a los mximos
de precipitacin que normalmente se producen durante el perodo estival en esta parte del
continente Sudamericano teniendo una respuesta inmediata en la variabilidad del caudal.
En este trabajo se analizan los patrones de anomalas del rgimen anual del ro Bermejo en el
perodo 1940-2009 calculndose las anomalas respecto a la media del periodo 1961-1990. Los
patrones fueron obtenidos mediante el anlisis de Componentes Principales considerando como
variables a los regmenes de anomalas en cada ao y aplicando rotacin de tipo VARIMAX.
La metodologa utilizada describe los tipos principales de rgimen de anomala de caudal y
adems permite identificar los aos en que se verific cada uno de ellos. En otras palabras: se
obtienen las caractersticas particulares de cada patrn de anomalas y se individualizan los aos
que tienen tal patrn.
El anlisis indica que cinco modos de variabilidad de anomala de caudal resultan ser
estadsticamente significativos representando cada uno de ellos un patrn anual diferente. La
ocurrencia de cada uno de estos modos bajo distintas condiciones climticas de particular
inters, tales como fases El Nio y La Nia, es estudiada detalladamente.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 148
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The Bermejo River basin extends over a wide band with Northwest-Southeast orientation
covering part of southern Bolivia and the provinces of Salta, Jujuy, Formosa and Chaco in
Argentina. The Bermejo River has a well defined annual cycle with values higher to the module
between December and April. The maximum volumes take place in February-March whereas the
minimums occur between August and October. This annual cycle is consequence of the
maximums of precipitation that normally take place during the summer period in this part of the
South American continent having an immediate reply in the variability of the river flow.
In this work, the patterns of anomalies of the annual regime of the Bermejo River were analyzed
in the period 1940-2009 calculating the anomalies with respect to the mean in 1961-1990. The
patterns were obtained with the Principal Component Analysis considering the variables to the
regimes of anomalies in every year and applying rotation of type VARIMAX.
The methodology used here describes the principal regime of anomaly of the river flow. In
addition, it allows the identification of the years in which each of them occurs. In other words: the
particular characteristics of each pattern of anomalies are obtained and the years that have such
patterns were individualized
The analysis indicates that five modes of variability of river flow are statistically significant
representing each of them a different annual pattern. The occurrence of each of these modes
under different climatic conditions of particular interest, such as phases El Nio and La Nia,
were studied in detail.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 149
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Climatologa y Meterologa
Estimacin de desplazamiento de flujo de hielo en el Glaciar Viedma a partir de
Procesamiento DInSAR con imgenes ERS
Viedma Glacier flow ice offset estimation by DInSAR Proccesing with ERS images.
The technology known as DInSAR has been used successfully to detect and quantify
movement of glacial ice flow. DInSAR is based on the use of the phase information contained in
each radar image. The interferometric phase is related to the distance between the satellite and
the ground surface. Therefore, it contains information on both the topography and the possible
moves of the beam. If using a digital elevation model (DEM) topographic contribution is
subtracted, the residual interferometric phase is proportional to the displacement that occurred
between acquisitions. In this work we have applied the technique referred to motion estimation in
Viedma Glacier (glacier largest of Argentina and second largest in the Southern Patagonic Ice)
from SAR images (Band C) acquired by ERS-1 and ERS-2 sensors. We used two pairs of
images, a pair Tandem (descending mode) on October 4th and 5th, 1997, which provided good
coherence, avoiding temporal decorrelation, and another pair (ascending mode) dated on July 4th
1997 and October 16th, 1997. In order to obtain the deformation, additional information was used
(MDE) to remove the topographic component and get to know the movement of ice mass flow
occurred in the study area. The SRTM model was used. The resolution of the radar system and
the procedures for obtaining, ascending and descending, have revealed movements, differing
glacier areas with different dynamics.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 151
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Las heladas generalizadas en la Pampa Hmeda (HG) -centro noreste de Argentina-, son
eventos con un gran impacto por la extensin espacial que afectan y se tornan especialmente
importantes cuando se hacen persistentes. Estos eventos son poco frecuentes respecto a la
ocurrencia de HG sin persistencia. Reconocer las caractersticas de la circulacin atmosfrica
que domina el patrn asociado a dichos eventos y distinguir las diferencias que provocan la
persistencia del fenmeno, es el objetivo de este trabajo. Para los inviernos australes del perodo
1961-1990 se compusieron los eventos de extrema persistencia: HG sin persistencia y HG muy
persistente. Dado que las primeras son un nmero mucho mayor, se seleccionaron eventos
ocurridos en aos identificados previamente segn su frecuencia de ocurrencia de HG: mxima y
mnima. En cambio para las HG muy persistentes se componen los escasos eventos que
conforman ese grupo.
La persistencia de las HG esta condicionada principalmente por la propagacin de ondas de
Rossby y su localizacin relativa al continente, y por la magnitud de la confluencia en la regin
de entrada del jet en latitudes subtropicales. Ella provoca una aceleracin que origina una celda
meridional transversal al jet, cuya rama subsidente condiciona el desplazamiento del anticicln
en superficie responsable del enfriamiento y del alcance espacio-temporal de la helada. Una
propagacin predominantemente meridional con una regin de confluencia al oeste del
continente previo al evento favorece la persistencia -intermedia (nula)- de HG cuando menor
(mayor) sea la aceleracin del jet. Esto esta condicionado por la magnitud de la confluencia que
a su vez depende de la disposicin de el (los) patrones de propagacin. Una propagacin
bsicamente zonal con una regin de confluencia hacia el este del continente durante el evento
favorece la persistencia por varios das, pero si no hay confluencia no existir persistencia del
evento. La mayor persistencia de un evento combina una confluencia/difluencia en la
entrada/salida del jet, ambas con origen en la disposicin respecto al continente de los trenes de
onda de Rossby que se propagan zonalmente.
Se concluye que para una mayor persistencia de HG son condiciones necesarias y suficientes
una propagacin zonal de ondas de Rossby tal que garantice una profunda penetracin de viento
del sur en el continente antes y durante el evento, junto a la confluencia en la entrada del jet que
intensificara el anticicln de superficie responsable del enfriamiento. La ausencia de confluencia
es condicin suficiente para que no exista persistencia de HG.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 152
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Generalized frosts (GF) in central-southern South America have a strong impact due to their
spatial extension, and they are especially important when they become persistent. These events
are less frequent than the GF events without persistence.
This paper aims at identifying the atmospheric circulation features that determine the extreme
GF persistence, i.e. very persistent and without persistence, and the differences between them.
These events are identified during the 1961-1990 winters, from which the two groups are
composed. Since the GF without persistence group outnumbers the other one, two subgroups are
composed with events selected from winters with maximum and minimum frequency of GF
occurrence, respectively. GF persistence is mainly conditioned by the Rossby wave train
propagation across the Pacific Ocean and its location with respect to the continent, and by the
magnitude of the confluence in the jet entrance region in subtropical latitudes. This results in the
subtropical jet acceleration giving rise to a meridional cell traversal to the jet whose subsiding
branch conditions the displacement of the surface anticyclone responsible for surface cooling and
for the spatial-temporal extension of the frost. A predominantly meridional Rossby wave train
propagation with a confluence region to the west of the continent prior to the event favors GF with
intermediate (null) persistence depending on the greater (lesser) jet acceleration. This is
conditioned by the magnitude of the confluence, which, in turn, depends on the disposition of the
wave train propagation pattern. Instead, an essentially zonal propagation with a confluence
region to the east of the continent favors the GF persistence for several days, yet if there is no
confluence the event does not persist. The greatest persistence of an event combines the
confluence/diffluence of the jet entrance/exit, which depend on the disposition with respect to the
continent of the zonally propagating Rossby wave trains.
The conclusions drawn are that for a greater GF persistence, the necessary and sufficient
conditions are zonally propagating Rossby wave trains across the Pacific Ocean. This assures
the deep penetration of the southerly wind anomaly in the continent before and during the event
together with the confluence in the jet entrance region that intensifies surface anticyclone
responsible for surface cooling. Thus, the absence of the confluence is a sufficient condition for
preventing the GF persistence.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 153
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Precipitation is the renewable source of freshwater. The lack of rainfall or the excesses can
lead to disaster. One way to minimize the effects of water excesses and deficits is a good
preparation for mitigating the same, so it is essential a proper monitoring of water availability in
the soil. A region with water deficit can have zero or very low rainfall, or on the contrary, with
considerable rainfall total, however, are insufficient. The latter occurs when the precipitated water
is not exploited fully due to factors that limit their use, among them temperature, which directly
affects the intensity of evaporation. Low temperatures lessen evaporation while high intensifies
and can lead to conditions of drought or water shortage, even if is a larger volume of precipitation.
Therefore, the concept of lack of moisture in the soil should not rely solely on the amount of
precipitation but also on other limiting factors, the Water Balance (BH) is a good tool for
evaluation. The meteorological stations of the synoptic network of National Meteorological
Service (SMN in Spanish), are very separated one from each other, plus the fact of the great
irregularity of the field of rainfall , makes the data we have do not have, in many regions, the
density necessary for good monitoring. Many provinces have own raingauge networks
(measurements of rainfall) and several have begun to send their data to the SMN. Currently, the
necessary adjustments for the incorporation of all rainfall information are made at the SMN
Agrometeorology Department, that is received by the institution in BH, for this it is necessary to
generate pseudodata for those not registered by the other systems of measurement. Interpolating
the data from the SMN synoptic stations for the rest of the stations arises the question about the
error that can be generated in the final product of the BH. To assess the possible error to commit
with the interpolation of the temperature, it is calculated the daily BH, with the stations of the SMN
along the year 2009, with a difference of 1 C and 2 C in all of data of this parameter. In this
paper are presented the results of the assessment, showing that the process of interpolation
would not lead to significant errors (or significant) in most parts of the country, so the use of this
serial BH can be extended to all data rainfall received.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 155
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Esta aplicacin experimental del MET constituye una primera etapa para su utilizacin en la
verificacin de resultados del WRF en sus diferentes versiones con las observaciones de altura.
Validation of WRF-ARW FORECASTS with observations from upper air soundings using
MET (Model Evaluation Tool)
The validation of weather forecasts consists of comparing the forecast events to the
corresponding observed events, in order to establish the quality of the forecast. Evaluating the
results of a numerical weather forecast model is crucial for its development and use. MET (Model
Evaluation Tool) has been developed by DTC (Developmental Testbed Center) in NCAR
(National Center for Atmospheric Research). It includes, among other methods, calculations of
standard scores, and probabilistic methods of validation which compare the forecast at a grid
point with the observations from meteorological stations and with the analysis of the observations.
The first stages in the application of MET to evaluate the results of the numerical weather
forecast model WRF are being carried out at the Department of Meteorology in Servicio de
Hidrografa Naval (SHN) since the beginning of 2009. A previous work involved the comparison of
temperatures from argentine weather stations with the forecast values from WRF-NMM (Weather
Research Forecast, Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model), using different interpolation methods. It
was then observed that in general the model underestimates the observed values.
In this work MET version 2.0 is used to validate several forecast variables from WRFARW
(Weather Research Forecast, Advanced Research) version 3.1.1. This model is being run at
SMN on trial, using GFS (Global Forecast System) at 0Z as initial field and border conditions. The
package WPS (WRF Preprocessing System) version 3 is used to preprocess. Two post
processing types have been implemented: ARWpost to visualize daily results and at present
WPP version 3 for investigation. The domain covers all South America with a resolution of 24 km
in the horizontal and 38 levels in the vertical. The forecasts of the main variables are obtained 72
hours ahead, every 3 hours.
The aim of this work is to apply MET to validate temperature and dew point temperature
obtained by the forecast model WRF-ARW with the upper air soundings observations at 12 Z in
argentine weather stations (Crdoba, Resistencia y Ezeiza). The result shows that while at
Ezeiza are enough in agreement in the lower and middle troposphere, at Cordoba the differences
are accentuated for both hour forecasted, since Resistencia is where the temperature predicted
by the model reproduces better the observed one.
This experimental application of the MET is a first step for use in verifying the results of WRF in
different versions with the observations of both height and surface.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 157
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Argentina
The lightning activity information over the national territory is fundamental to the atmospheric
surveillance because the lightning activity have relevant application on different aspect like
security, defense, early warning system and for generation of statistic data for planning
infrastructure project.
Argentina does not have a lightning detection network but the World Wide Lightning Location
Network (WWLLN) have detection stations in Crdoba, Ro Gallegos and Trelew which provide a
good coverage over the national territory. Therefore it is possible to use the information obtained
by the WWLLN to study the lightning activity over Argentina.
The objective of the present work is the use of the lightning activity data obtained by the
WWLLN network during 2005-2009 to make the isoceraunic maps of Argentina.
The isoceraunic maps made with the WWLLN data show qualitative similarities with the maps
made using the Servicio Meteorolgico Nacional data in the last decades. However, there are
significant differences mainly in the Northwest and Patagonia regions, which deserve a more
detailed study.
The methodology used in this work has considerable advantages over those used by the SMN,
since WWLLN network, through remote sensing, covers regions which are outside the scope of
the SMN stations.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 159
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Dado que la influencia de los aerosoles en el sistema climtico, as como la interaccin de los
mismos en el desarrollo de nubes an posee un cierto grado de incerteza, en cuanto a su
cuantificacin, resulta de inters profundizar la investigacin en el tema. Durante la maana y
primeras horas de la tarde (hora local) del 23 de Abril del 2008, en el norte de la Provincia de
Buenos Aires y Sur de Entre Ros ocurrieron numerosos focos de incendio aportando a la atmsfera
una cantidad importante de aerosoles los cuales, de acuerdo a su tamao, pueden actuar como
ncleos de condensacin (CCN) y a su vez pudieron ser no activados para la formacin de
nubes. Ese mismo da y en la misma rea se desarrollaron SCu en banda, observables a travs de
las imgenes provistas por los sensores MODIS a bordo de los satlites AQUA y TERRA.
El modelo numrico de mesoescala CATT-BRAMS es un sistema que acopla en lnea un modelo
de dispersion de contaminantes con un modelo atmosfrico de mesoescala ampliamente
utilizado por la comunidad de investigadores. Dado que incluye una detallada parametrizacin de
la microfsica de nubes, adems de la posibilidad de dispersar material pasivo, resulta una
herramienta adecuada en el estudio de episodios de quema de biomasa o contaminacin urbana y
su interaccin con la conveccin.
En este trabajo se realizaron experimentos numricos con el modelo CATT-BRAMS con 3
dominios espaciales anidados, con resolucin horizontal decreciente de 40, 10 y 2.5km. Se realiz
una simulacin numrica con la parametrizacin de la conveccin solo activada en el dominio de
menor resolucin, utilizando valores iniciales de ncleos de condensacin activados (CCN)
representativos de la quema de biomasa para comparar con los experimentos en donde slo se
considera una parametrizacin ms simple de la conveccin.
Los resultados numricos preliminares son alentadores ya que muestran un aceptable desempeo
del modelo, en la simulacin que activa en el tercer dominio la parametrizacin de la microfsica
conjuntamente con CCN representativos de quema de biomasa, el mismo logra reproducir, aunque
dbil, la nubosidad desarrollada as como su localizacin. Resulta menester aclarar que los
desarrollos que se logran representar, son an escasos ya que el modelo no alcanza a representar
una banda de SCu, sino SCu aislados, un hecho muy probablemente adjudicable a una resolucin
horizontal demasiado gruesa para este tipo de nubosidad. Se realizarn experimentaciones
adicionales a fin de obtener una mejor representacin del impacto de los aerosoles en la nubosidad
desarrollada.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 160
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Biomass burning interactions, aerosols production and its influence on cloud development:
A case Study
Aerosol influences on the climatic system and its interactions still posses a degree of uncertainty
related with its quantification, so it is useful to explore on this subject. On April 23rd 2008 during the
morning and early hours of the evening (local time) several focus of vegetation fires occurred within
the northern area of Buenos Aires province and also the southern of Entre Rios province, releasing
to the atmosphere a great amount of aerosols particles which according its own size could act as
cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activated or not in order to form or not cloud droplets. At the same
day and time a SCu band developed in the abovementioned area, which be observed by MODIS
sensors on board the satellites AQUA and TERRA.
The mesoscale numerical model CATT-BRAMS is an online Aerosol and Tracer Transport model
system which is Coupled with the Brasilean Regional Atmospheric System and widely used by the
researcher community. As CATT-BRAMS includes a detailed microphysical scheme as well as the
possibility to disperse and trace passive aerosols, results an effective tool to study episodes of:
biomass burning or urban pollution and also the interaction of these episodes with the developing of
convection.
In the present study the numerical experiments with the CATT-BRAMS model were performed with
three nested grids with horizontal grid spacing of 40, 10 and 2.5 km respectively. A numerical
experiment with the activation of the convective parameterization only in the outer domain and
initialized with representative values of activated Cloud Condensation Nuclei was performed in order
to compare its results with the experiment where a simple convective parameterization is considered.
As the model has an acceptable performance in the numerical experiment which uses a full
activation of the microphysics in the third grid domain jointly with representative values of biomass
burning, the preliminary numerical results obtained are encouraging, although a weak cloud
development is obtained in the appropriate area.
It is necessary to clarify that cloud developments are still limited, because the model in this
simulations was not be able to represent the SCu band but only isolated Scu most likely due the poor
horizontal resolution of the third grid. Additional numerical experiments will be performed in order to
obtain a better representation of the aerosols influence in the cloud development.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 161
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Mendoza, Argentina.
El estudio analiza los resultados obtenidos con los pronsticos de viento del Modelo de Capa
Lmite en Mesoescala especialmente adaptado para la regin del ro Uruguay en las
inmediaciones de Gualeguaych. Se realizan pronsticos a 72 horas con dos versiones
diferentes del modelo para el perodo 1 de septiembre de 2009 al 31 de agosto de 2010 y se
comparan los resultados. La versin A emplea como datos de entrada la temperatura medida en
Gualeguaych cada 3 horas y el viento en 1000hPa extrado del sondeo de Ezeiza de las
12UTC. La versin B del modelo emplea los datos pronosticados por el modelo Eta/SMN para la
regin de Gualeguaych de los cuales se toman la temperatura de superficie y el viento en
1000hPa cada tres horas. Con el fin de analizar cual de las dos versiones ajusta mejor a las
observaciones y las diferencias por estacin del ao, se comparan los pronsticos con las
observaciones de viento a 10 metros en 5 estaciones de superficie y a 42m en tres de ellas. Esta
comparacin se realiza mediante el anlisis de las tablas de contingencia de acierto de la
direccin del viento as como la raz cuadrada del error cuadrtico medio de las componentes
horizontales y del mdulo de la velocidad del viento. Los resultados muestran que la versin B
del modelo tiene un mejor ajuste con las observaciones que la versin A.
This study analyzes the results of a mesoscale boundary layer model especially adapted for the
Uruguay River region in the vicinity of Gualeguaych. Two versions of the model are employed
to produce 72-hour forecasts for the period September 1st 2009 to August 31st 2010. The input
data of the A version are the temperature measured at Gualeguaych every 3 hours and the
1000hPa wind from the 12UTC Ezeiza sounding. The B version uses temperature and wind
every 3 hours forecast by the Eta/SMN model for the Gualeguaych area. The aim of this work is
to analyze which of the two model versions best fit with the observations, as well as the seasonal
differences. For this purpose, the forecast winds are compared with the wind observations at 5
surface meteorological stations and 3 meteorological towers which have measurements at 42m.
The analysis uses contingency tables for wind direction vector, and root-mean-square-error for
the horizontal wind components as well as wind speed. The results reveal that the B version is
better than the A version.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 164
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Analysis of two frost events in Mendoza Province during september 2009 by using
meteorological numerical models
Mendoza crop area (also known as oasis) covers only 2 % of the whole province territory. This
crop area is prone to suffer damages due to frosts. Sometimes these events occur early in the
spring season producing large crop damages and therefore large economic losses.
On the 9th and 28th of September 2009, two frost events took place in Mendoza province as a
consequence of different meteorological scenarios.
The objective of this work is to evaluate the skills of two numerical models, Weather Research
and Forecasting (WRF) and ETA/PRM (Programa Regional de Meteorologa), to simulate and
forecast the temporal and spatial distribution of the frost event for Mendoza province.
The model validation was carried out by using a meteorological data base from Mendoza surface
meteorological network stations of the Servicio Meteorolgico Nacional (SMN).
During the first frost event the center and south part of Mendoza province presented clear skies
with very light winds near the surface 24 hours previous to the event occurrence, while in the
northern section of the province the sky cleared only 12 hours before the event.
In the second frost event, the meteorological conditions were similar to the first event as
regarding the cloudiness and the intensity of the surface winds except that a snow storm occurred
approximately two days before.
Both numerical models presented some skills in capturing the temporal evolution of the two
frost events. It is worth noting that while the ETA/PRM model estimates better the minimum
temperature of the first frost event, the WRF model performed better for the second one.
The differences in the minimum temperature estimation by the numerical models might be
attributed to the way the models captured the previous synoptic conditions that prevailed in each
event and in particular the anomalous snowstorm on September 27 th.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 166
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The aim of this contribution is to analyze the relationships among the regional transport
mechanisms, the pollutants in the atmosphere of Buenos Aires and the weather systems, which
are responsible of the trajectories from the sources to the receptors. To this end, back-trajectories
and the analysis of the synoptic meteorological situation are combined. Three- dimensional
trajectories are obtained with the HYSPLIT model (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated
Trajectory) from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Cluster analysis is
applied to the trajectories and the composite fields of meteorological variables are analyzed to
identify the circulation pattern. The meteorological fields are obtained using the reanalysis data
from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Air pollutants concentrations in
Buenos Aires are available from monitoring sites in the city. The exploratory study is carried out
for a one-year period. The cluster analysis is applied for summer and winter in order to find
seasonal patterns. During summer, four groups of trajectories are found. The one that contains
the higher number of trajectories has a flow from the northeast over Buenos Aires and Rio de la
Plata, which results from a low pressure system on northern Argentina and relatively higher
pressures on the Atlantic Ocean. This is the prevailing situation in austral summer. During winter,
six clusters were obtained, and the one that contains the greater number of trajectories
approaches Buenos Aires from the southwest, with continental path and the circulation pattern is
associated to a cold front from higher latitudes reaching Buenos Aires, typical situation in this
season. A remarkable feature is that on 55% of the summer cases the flow is from the east and
north-east and in winter on 59% of the cases the flow is from the south and south-west. This is
consistent with the prevailing wind at middle latitude in the above mentioned season.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 168
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The province of Mendoza, due to its geography is subject to extreme weather events such as
Zonda winds (chinook-type winds), hailstorms and frosts . As a consequence of these events
large economic losses occur every year in both urban centers and in the crop areas and in some
cases has led to the loss of human lives. These severe weather events can be modeled and
simulated by using tools such as numerical models of the atmosphere.
On January 1st, 2000 a storm formed north of the city of Mendoza producing an intense
precipitation of 66 mm in one hour in the Plumerillo International Airport, registering a record
value for this location.
The objective of this work is to simulate this storm at high resolution by using the numerical model
Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and the global initial and boundary conditions
provided by the Global Forecast System (GFS) of the National Centers for Environmental
Prediction (NCEP) .
WRF model successfully simulated the formation of a convective cell with similar features
presented by the storm on January 1, 2000 near Mendoza city. This research work presents a
detailed analysis of the storm life cycle and the trigger mechanisms of the onset of convection,
which was mainly characterized by the presence of the upper-level trough and the intense
advection near the surface of warm and humid air coming from the northeast of the country.
Although many other storms should be properly simulated in order to get a deeper understading
of the different situations leading to the formation of severe convection in Mendoza province,
WRF model seems to be not only a very powerful instrument to simulate storms but also a
potential forecasting tool for other severe weather events.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 170
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Snow avalanches recurrently cause substantial damage to infrastructure and losses in human
lives in mountainous environments around the world. In areas where avalanches are mostly
undocumented, like the Andes, dendrochronological methods become a valuable tool to
reconstruct spatio-temporal avalanche patterns. At Lago del Desierto (southern Patagonian
Andes, Argentina), widespread avalanche activity at a slope scale was found for the years 1971,
1995 and 1998, by those techniques.
The objective of this work is to characterize the atmospheric circulation patterns for the
mentioned years, related to the occurrence of large avalanche activity at Lago del Desierto.
Monthly geopotential heights, wind vectors, velocity potential and streamfunction obtained from
the NCEP Reanalysis 1 dataset, were used in order to determine the associated atmospheric
circulation patterns for years with large avalanche activity at a slope scale. The anomaly fields
corresponding to those climatic variables were composed for the cold season of years with large
event indexes and a Students t-test of difference of means was also calculated to test the
significance of the anomalies.
The atmospheric circulation patterns associated to years with large avalanche activity, for the
months of major precipitations in the meteorological station of control, show features properly
observed during the cold phase of the El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. In agreement
with that, the Oceanic Nio Index shows values related to cold episodes (La Nia events) for
those years during the considered months. Results show a raise of the westerly activity on the
South Pacific and Southern South America, which also could be forced or favored by the
occurrence of La Nia events, not only suggests an increase of the precipitations over the study
region but also an enhance of the wind intensity that could favor the episodes of snow
avalanches. In agreement with that, another authors relate the cold phase of the ENSO cycle with
an increase of the baroclinic instability and consequently with the activity of storms in a band
extending throughout the South Pacific at 50S and it gets to affect the region in study, which
would indicate the occurrence of La Nia events as a natural forcing for the increase in the
activity of the snow avalanches on the area, although not decisive.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 172
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Silvia C. Simonelli1, Diego C. Araneo1, Federico A. Norte1, Maximiliano Viale1 y Jorge R. Santos2
Validation of the vertical profiles of Temperature, Humidity and Wind obtained from the
ETA-PRMregional model for Mendoza (Argentina) and Santo Domingo (Chile)
The aim of this work is to study the occurrence of strong winds in the city of Mar del Plata, using
synoptic hourly observations, corresponding to the meteorological station of the Argentinean
National Meteorological Service (NMC) for the 2000-2007 period.
In the first part of the paper, a statistical study of the frequency of occurrence of wind in Mar del
Plata is performed. Based on this information the strong wind events were selected. The synoptic
pattern associated with these events was also studied.
The result of wind frequency distribution showed that the lower limit of the 99th percentile is 22
knots, which was used in this study to select the strong wind events (this value is similar to that
defined as a strong wind by the SMN (23 knots). For the eight years studied, the selection of
events was made with higher than or equal to 22 knots winds for at least three consecutive hours
and one of this value greater than or equal to 25 knots. A total of 29 events were founded. The
frequency distribution of wind direction for these events showed that the predominant direction is
from N and NW, followed by S and SE. These events occur mainly during spring. To analyze the
synoptic patterns associated with strong wind events mean sea level pressure data for the NCEP-
NCAR reanalysis was used. The events were classified into seven categories, three of them
corresponding to cyclogenesis in preferential regions: Ro de la Plata, southeast and south of Mar
del Plata. These three categories account for 31% of the events. Actually, most of the events are
pre-frontal synoptic situations.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 176
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Aerosols in the air of Buenos Aires due to long range transport of biomass burning
Biomass burning in South America releases to the atmosphere different air pollutants, among
them, particulate matter. Once emitted, the prevailing air flow near the sources governs its
dispersion. According to the specific atmospheric pattern, they can travel long distances and
affect remote places. The aim of this study is to analyze the possible source regions of burning
products arriving in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in order to advance in the knowledge of the
apportionment of regional and local scale air pollution.
To this end, indirect modelling and observations of aerosols content in the atmosphere of
Buenos Aires are used. Indirect modelling is based on retrotrajectory analysis that start in Buenos
Aires and originate or travel over the region comprising the centre of Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia and
the northern and central Argentina, where most of the biomass burning occurs. Aerosol content in
the atmospheric column and inversion products are available from measurements at the CEILAP-
Buenos Aires site of the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) from National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA). For the same dates, aerosol optical thickness in 500nm and
Angstrm exponent between 440 y 870 nm are studied to find changes that could be related with
the intrusion on airborne material from the biomass burning. The optical thickness is an indication
of the aerosol load in the atmospheric column and the Angstrm exponent brings information that
could be related to the aerosol size. In addition, a relationship between these two events and the
occurrence of the South American Low Level Jet (SALLJ) is analyzed. Finally, for those events in
which the of biomass burning products reached Buenos Aires the governing synoptic pattern is
obtained.
During the considered period, 2001-2005, the optical thickness ranged from a maximum
monthly modal value of 0.145 in August to a minimum of 0.079 in December. For the same
period, the average Angstrm exponent varied between 1.295 and 1.051. The results show that
in cases that link optical thickness above the monthly mode, biomass burning and transport done
by the low level jet stream, the modal value for the optical thickness was 0.219, with a maximum
value of 1.116 and an average Angstrm exponent of 1.481. For these cases, the pattern
associated is the Chaco configuration of the SALLJ. For selected cases, the results of a
dispersion model coupled on line with a high resolution atmospheric model are presented and
analyzed.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 178
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Estudio de la sensibilidad del modelo WRF-ARW versin SMN empleando los campos de
humedad de suelo provenientes de modelos globales y
de sensores remotos.
Collini Estela(1), Dillon Mara Eugenia(2), Ferreira Lorena(2) y Pujol Gloria (2)
1Servicio de Hidrografa Naval , Av. Montes de Oca 2124 C127,CABA ,Buenos Aires, Argentina.
2Servicio Meteorolgico Nacional, 25 de mayo 658, C1002ABN, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
La superficie terrestre acta como fuente y/o sumidero de entalpa y humedad de la atmsfera
a travs de los flujos de calor sensible y latente, regulando as los ciclos de realimentacin en el
sistema climtico. Uno de las componentes de importancia de la superficie terrestre es la
humedad del suelo que modula las interacciones entre la superficie y la atmsfera en diversas
escalas espaciales y rangos temporales desde lo diario a lo estacional (Viterbo, 2001),
influenciando el pronstico a corto y mediano plazo como lo muestra el trabajo de De Goncalvez
et al. (2006). Por ende, una adecuada representacin de la humedad de suelo es esencial
para que los pronsticos provenientes de los modelos atmosfricos se ajusten a la realidad.
El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar como el modelo WRF-ARW (Weather Research and
Forecasting - Advance Research ) versin SMN (Servicio Meteorolgico Nacional) representa la
condicin de borde inferior de la variable humedad de suelo, tanto en su diagnstico y como en
su pronstico de corto y mediano plazo.
Para cumplir con este objetivo, se efectuarn diversos experimentos modificando el campo
inicial de humedad de suelo. Se analizar su impacto en sus pronsticos y en su influencia en
otras variables de inters como la precipitacin.
En este anlisis se emplearn datos de humedad de suelo provenientes de modelos de suelo
desacoplados, de sensores remotos y/o de mediciones in situ.
Los resultados de este estudio muestran la sensibilidad del modelo WRF-ARW a las distintas
condiciones de borde inferior empleadas y en particular que, una adecuada representacin de la
humedad del suelo produce mejoras en los campos pronosticados de precipitacin.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 179
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The earth's surface acts as source or sink of enthalpy and humidity of the atmosphere through
sensible and latent heat fluxes, thus regulating feedback within the Climate system. One of the
principal components of the land surface is the soil moisture. This variable modulates the
interactions between the surface and the atmosphere at several spatial and temporal ranges,
from the daily to seasonal (Viterbo, 2001), influencing the forecast in the short and medium-term
as shown the studio of Goncalves et al. (2006). Thus, an adequate representation of soil moisture
is essential for predictions from atmospheric models to fit reality.
The aim of this study is to investigate how the WRF-ARW (Weather Research and Forecasting
- Research Advance) version SMN (National Meteorological Service) represents the lower
boundary condition given by the soil moisture, both in its diagnosis as well its short and medium
range predictions.
To meet this goal, several experiments were carried out by changing the initial soil moisture
content. Finally, we analyze their impact in the predictions and their influence over other key
variables such as precipitation.
In this analysis we used soil moisture data from uncoupled soil global models, remote sensing
and / or in situ measurements.
The study results show the sensitivity of WRF-ARW model to the different lower boundary
conditions used and in particular that an adequate representation of the soil moisture leads to
improvements in forecast precipitation fields.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 180
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Para lograr una correcta implementacin operativa de los modelos de dispersin atmosfrica
es necesario disponer de una red de medicin que satisfaga los requerimientos de informacin
meteorolgica. Ante tal necesidad el Programa de Vigilancia Ambiental del Ro Uruguay
estableci una red de estaciones automticas en el rea de Gualeguaych y zonas aledaas. La
misma consta de tres torres meteorolgicas con dos niveles de medicin, superficie (10 metros)
y altura (42 metros). Todas las estaciones de la red funcionan en simultneo desde Octubre
2009 y este estudio analiza desde esa fecha hasta el presente perodo la distribucin de
frecuencias de direccin del viento y la velocidad media del viento. Las direcciones ms
frecuentes en la zona son Noreste, Este y Sudeste; y las que presentan menor frecuencia son
Noroeste, Oeste y Sudoeste. En el nivel de altura las velocidades varan entre 4 y 6 m/s en las
Torres Norte y Sur; y entre 3 y 5 m/s en la Torre este.
This paper describes the design of the High-Resolution Hybrid Lagrangian Trajectory and
Atmospheric Dispersion (HIRHYLTAD) model. It has two calculation modules: the first determines
smoke lines using lagrangian trajectories, while the second performs the dispersion calculation
and determines concentrations. This dispersion model was created to be used in conjunction with
a mesoscale boundary-layer model from which 3D wind fields are taken for the HIRHYLTAD
model calculations, in high horizontal and temporal resolution. The accumulated concentration is
estimated with the Gaussian dispersion equation after introducing all necessary modifications to
adapt it to the model characteristics, which are described in detail.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 182
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Joaqun Blanco, Guillermo Berri 1, Alejandra Salles, Vanesa Ramis, Raul Tanco 2
email: joaquin_eb@hotmail.com
The aim of this work is to present the results of the validation of 1-year pollutant plume
simulations obtained with an atmospheric dispersion model coupled to a mesoscale boundary
layer model, in the Uruguay River region in the vicinity of the city of Gualeguaych. For the
validation of these forecasts, wind measurements are used from 3 micrometeorology towers
specially installed in the region. The comparison between predicted and calculated plumes from
observations in 12-hour periods is carried out defining two indices: the plume matching area error
and the plume overestimation area error. Results show good agreement particularly in the first 12
hours of forecast.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 183
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Mara E. Dillon (1) (2), Matas Armanini (2), Ral A. Valdivieso (2), Martina Suaya (2),
Estela A. Collini (1) (2)
Extreme autumn temperatures of the WRF - ARW / SMN model verification, and its
comparison with the ETA / SMN model, in Argentine territory.
The objective of this paper is to verify the 24, 48 and 72 hs extreme temperatures forecasts of
the WRF ARW model version 3.1.1, in eighteen argentine stations. The model processing takes
place in the National Meteorological Service (SMN) using the 00Z Global Forecasting System
(GFS) fields, for initial and boundary conditions. The analysis is performed to March, April and
May (Southern Hemisphere autumn) of 2010, utilizing the basic statistical BIAS and RMSE,
considering a range of 2 C as success.
These results are also compared with those of the ETA / SMN model, with the purpose of
analyze both models performances during Autumn season in the various topographic settings of
the Argentine territory.
Generally, models show a less thermal amplitude than the one observed. This characteristic is
pronounced at continental stations, because there are only 8 runs daily for the extreme
temperatures forecasts determination. Differences between the models are principally due to the
parameterizations used in each of them, since both are initialized with the GFS fields.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 185
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
This research is aimed at detecting climate shifts in geopotential monthly anomalies time series
at several mandatory levels of an upper-air network located within the southern tip of South
America. The period spanned by the dataset is 1973-2009. The methodology was introduced in
the late seventies and its tenet relies upon adjusting the time series (typically anomalies) within a
given time span by a least squares fit using the weight function f i arctan i arctan n ,
being a parameter establishing the strength of the shift, and i and n being parameters
closely related to the time span chosen, in order to establish a signal-to-noise ratio. Due to the
lack of space, only results for 500 hPa will be discussed. Preliminary results using a 61-month
time span show that the parameter does not determine the time any shift occurs, but it merely
modifies the signal-to-noise ratio. The rule of thumb indicates that the greater the value of , the
smaller the signal-to-noise ratio. The late seventies' climate shift is properly detected by this
methodology at most of the stations, although not simultaneously. Likewise, the signal-to-noise
ratio reaches a relative maximum during, or after, an El Nio or La Nia event has taken place.
Regarding El Nio-La Nia more abrupt transitions, something similar occurs. Nevertheless, not
all the significant signals can be interpreted this way; instead, they could respond to any other
atmospheric/oceanic forcing, or even to inhomogeneities at each station. Further investigation is
needed to shed light into this subject.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 187
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Existen en la literatura al menos dos mtodos de deteccin de saltos climticos con aplicacin
a series temporales. El primero de ellos fue presentado a fines de los 70 y consiste en el ajuste
de los datos (normalmente anomalas) por el mtodo de cuadrados mnimos haciendo uso de
una familia de funciones de peso f i arctan i arctan n , siendo un parmetro que
establece la magnitud del salto, e i y n parmetros relacionados con la ventana temporal
escogida. La finalidad del mtodo es establecer una relacin seal-ruido para cada una de las
series. El segundo mtodo, presentado a mediados de los 80, tambin hace uso de una ventana
temporal y su finalidad es establecer una relacin seal-ruido, pero utilizando un test estadstico
para estimar los parmetros. El propsito del presente trabajo es el de establecer semejanzas y
diferencias entre ambas metodologas con el objetivo de determinar si ambas son equivalentes.
Al efectuar una comparacin para series de anomalas medias mensuales de altura
geopotencial en diferentes niveles estndar sobre distintas estaciones de radiosondeo del sur de
Sudamrica para el perodo 1973-2009, puede afirmarse que el uso de cualquiera de los
mtodos es indistinto para una ventana temporal de 61 meses, si bien existen mayores
semejanzas entre ambos cuando 0 , es decir, cuando la funcin de peso es lineal. Adems,
en todos los casos los resultados obtenidos se magnifican para el segundo de los mtodos. As,
para la una misma ventana temporal, ambos mtodos detectan los mismos saltos, si bien el
segundo de ellos es el ms aconsejable en cuanto a su definicin.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 188
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
There exist in the literature at least two different methods to detect climate shifts in time series.
The first one was presented in the late seventies and relies upon adjusting the time series (most
frequently anomalies) by a least squares fit using the weight function family
f i arctan i arctan n within a given time span, being a parameter establishing the
strength of the shift, and i and n being two parameters closely related to the time span chosen,
in order to establish a signal-to-noise ratio. The second method was presented in the late
eighties; its purpose is also to build up a signal-to-noise ratio within a time span, but using a
statistical test to determine the parameters involved. The goal of the present research is to
establish similarities and differences between both methodologies in order to determine whether
they are equivalent.
After comparing both methodologies for geopotential monthly mean anomalies time series at
different mandatory levels over several upper-air stations located in the southern tip of South
America throughout the period 1973-2009 choosing a 61-month time span, it can be stated that
both methods are in better resemblance when 0 , i.e. when the weight function is linear.
Furthermore, results are magnified for the second method in all cases. Therefore, as long as the
time span is the same for both methods, the same shifts are detected by them, although the use
of the second one is encouraged if more definition regarding each shift is required.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 189
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
C. Mulleady1 y D. Barrera2
The quantification of the evapotranspiration rate is key for the water resources and agricultural
managements, as well as in land-atmosphere interface hydrological cycle modeling and in the
surface energy balance. This physical process involve a diverse and complex number of factors
(meteorological and physiological) ,there for the estimation of evapotranspiration is very difficult.
Classical methods use point interpolation and extrapolation for regional scale estimations,
generating error sources. Now remote sensing provides high temporal and spatial resolution
showing its importance. This work presents a methodology to estimate the evapotranspiration
rate using only remote sensing information. Clear-sky days images from the sensor Moderate
Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the Earth Observing System (EOS),
released in 1999 were used. The results were compared with evapotranpiration rate estimates
from weather stations measurements according to the method proposed by FAO Paper No. 56.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 190
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Mara Paula Natali1, 2, Juan Francisco Moirano2, Laura Isabel Fernndez1, 2, Amalia
Margarita Meza1, 2, Paola Salio3, 4
Las redes de estaciones GPS permanentes han sido propuestas como una fuente alternativa
confiable para la estimacin de cantidad de vapor agua precipitable (PWV).
A partir del procesamiento de una red GPS regional en Argentina se ha comparado entre dos
funciones de mapeo del retardo troposfrico cenital: la funcin de mapeo de Niell (NMF), que es
un estndar en el procesamiento GPS desde hace aos, y la ms recientemente desarrollada
Global Mapping Function (GMF). Adems se utilizaron dos estrategias diferentes para el clculo
del retardo hidrosttico cenital (ZHD), necesario para la separacin de la componente hmeda
del retardo troposfrico: la obtencin del ZHD a partir de datos meteorolgicos locales, y
utilizando el modelo New Global Pressure and Temperature (GPT).
Los resultados del empleo de estas estrategias para el clculo del PWV han sido analizados a
lo largo de los aos 2006 y 2007.
Los resultados fueron validados analizando la repetitividad de las coordenadas de las
estaciones de la red y comparando los valores de PWV con los que se obtienen a partir de
radiosondeos en locaciones seleccionadas.
Continously operating ground based GPS tracking networks have been proposed as a reliable
alternative for obtaining precipitable water vapour (PWV) values.
By processing a regional argentine GPS network we have compared between two different
tropospheric delay mapping functions: the widely used Niell Mapping Function (NMF) and the
Global Mapping Function (GMF). Moreover, in order to separate the wet delay, two strategies for
the computation of the Zenith Hydrostatic Delay (ZHD) have been tested: ZHD from measured
local meteorological values and ZHD derived from values of the new Global Pressure and
Temperature model (GPT).
The implications of the different strategies of mapping function parameters and ZHD in the
determination of GPS PWV has been analyzed during the years 2006 and 2007.
The results are validated using PWV values from radio soundings and coordinates repeatibility
on selected stations.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 191
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
(PEPACG)
Pontificia Universidad Catlica Argentina Santa Mara de los Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires,
Argentina (UCA)
2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientficas y Tecnolgicas (CONICET), Argentina
The stratospheric quasi-stationary wave 1 (QSW1) phase interannual variability and its
relationship with tropospheric circulation during October (spring) is studied. Extreme QSW1
phase positions can be ascribed to two distinct tropospheric states: when QSW1 is westward
rotated (WR) a predominatly single poleward tropospheric jet structure is observed; when it is
eastward rotated (ER) there is a predominantly double jet structure. During ER situations there is
a higher daily probability of double jet occurrence in the troposphere, and a stronger stratospheric
jet. These jet structures and their daily behavior are supported by significant synoptic scale
activity anomalies over the Southern Hemisphere mid to high latitudes. The observed
tropospheric anomalies associated with each stratospheric preferential state show active quasi-
stationary waves through the W-flux diagnosis. During WR, the quasi-stationary waves would
lead to a self-sustaining state of the stratospheric-tropospheric coupled system. During ER the
overall mid to high latitude state appears to be associated with wave energy propagation from the
tropical central Pacific towards higher latitudes. Thus during the austral spring there are
interactions between the troposphere and stratosphere, leading to both well locally defined
upward and downward propagation of wave anomalies. The current study argues that significant
interactions can occur within a spring month itself.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 193
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Palabras claves: vid y clima, variabilidad climtica, precipitacin, temperatura, rendimiento de vid
Daily temperature and tropospheric circulation: their effects on bud breaking date of
grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) in east of Mendoza.
Keywords: vine and climate, climate variability, precipitation, temperature, grapevine yield
The province of Mendoza presents an arid to semi-arid climate favorable for growing grapes.
Mendoza produces 65% of the national annual grapevine production. Half of the interannual
grapevine production variability depends on climate variations throughout the annual cycle.
Grapevine growth depends both on the date of bud break and on the subsequent environmental
and nutritional conditions, which may affect the quality and/or quantity of production.
The relationship between bud breaking dates of different grapevine varieties and synoptic
thermal conditions in August and September prior to bud-break dates is studied for the period
1983-2007. Varieties were grouped according to the interannual behaviour of their bud-break
dates, forming two groups: one with Malbec and Tempranillo (MT), and another with the
remaining varieties (No MT). For the MT group significant and positive correlations are observed:
i) the higher (lower) daily thermal amplitude is in late August, the later (earlier) bud break
happens; and ii) by the late August and the early September, increasing (decreasing) daily
minimum temperature corresponds to late (early) bud break. The No MT group show an inverse
relationship with mid-August daily mean temperature: the more (less) days are cold, the later
(earlier) bud-break date is. There appears a quasi-3-year cycle since 1992 in MT and No MT,
which is similar to the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) variability change since then. SAM
positively correlates with both MT and No MT bud-break dates. In the last 20 years the bud-break
dates are anticipating in roughly 9 days in average. The tropospheric circulation shows a
significant strengthening (weakening) of Northwestern Argentina Low during the winter prior to
the late (early) bud-break dates, accompanied by increased cyclonic (anticylonic) activity at mid-
latitudes in Patagonia and the Mar Argentino sea, extending towards the Buenos Aires Province
and Uruguay. The tropsopheric circulation is associated with enhanced (decreaced) activity in the
South American Convergence Zone (SAZC) ed) in the period prior to late (early) bud break.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 195
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
A. de la Torre (1), R. Hierro (1), P. Llamedo (1), A. Rolla (1) and P. Alexander (2)
Durante el verano, son muy comunes en Mendoza las tormentas severas con produccin de
granizo que generan grandes daos sobre la poblacin. La cercana a la cordillera de la zona de
inicio de las tormentas, la irregularidad del terreno entre otros factores, dificulta en parte el
estudio de los forzantes que intervienen en el desarrollo convectivo. Varios autores coinciden en
que los ndices termodinmicos comnmente utilizados, fallan en la zona. Se sabe que existen
mecanismos capaces de provocar procesos de conveccin profunda que funcionan a escala
subsinptica, como los vientos de valle anabticos o catabticos y/o las ondas de montaa.
Analizamos 3 tormentas severas en el sur de Mendoza, iniciadas aproximadamente a la misma
hora local. En estos casos, ondas de montaa estacionarias de gran amplitud con longitudes de
onda similares fueron generadas por el forzado del viento NW incidente sobre los Andes, antes
de que se observe la primera celda en el radar. Se realizan simulaciones con un modelo de
mesoescala (WRF3V, tres dominios, interior en 4 kilmetros). Se analizan las ondas en varios
niveles de presin constantes con una transformada continua wavelet Morlet. Esta tcnica es
particularmente adecuada debido a la concentracin de la onda de montaa en una determinada
regin del recinto. La evolucin en el espacio y el tiempo de oscilaciones de viento verticales
(an mejor que la reflectividad) revela su influencia en la zona de gnesis de ambas tormentas.
Las condiciones sinpticas y el transporte aire caliente y hmedo del N son compatibles con
trabajos anteriores. Describimos i) las longitudes de onda horizontales y verticales, ii) la direccin
de propagacin de los modos de onda principales, iii) su polarizacin lineal y la relacin de fase
entre el viento y la temperatura y iv) la validacin de resultados de WRF con perfiles de
temperatura de radio ocultamiento GPS en el dominio interior, a lo largo de sus lneas de puntos
tangente.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 196
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Hail Storms in Mendoza and their Relation with Large Amplitude Mountain Waves.
Severe storms are very common during summer in Mendoza. The proximity to the Andes range
and the non-uniform terrain, among other factors, difficult the study of the forcings that take part
in the convective development. Several authors have ponited out that thermodynamics indexes
fail in this region. It is weel known the existence of subsynoptic scales mechanisms able to raise
a parcel to its level of free convection, like anabatic or katabatic winds and/or mountain waves.
We analyze here 3 recent severe storms registered at the south of Mendoza, initiated at the same
local time. In these cases, large amplitude stationary mountain waves with similar wavelengths
were generated, through the forcing of NW wind by the Andes Range, just before the first cell was
detected in the radar. Mesoscale model simulations (WRF3V, three domains, inner at 4 km) were
conducted. The wave pattern was analyzed at several constant pressure levels with a Morlet
wavelet. This has proven to be a useful technique for this purpose, as propagating mountain
waves are well localized within a horizontal domain of some hundred kilometers. The simulated
evolution in space and time of vertical wind oscillations (even better than reflectivity) reveal their
influence in the genesis zone of both storms. The synoptic conditions and the northern low level
humidity transport are consistent with earlier works. We describe i) the vertical and horizontal
wavelengths, ii) the direction of propagation of the main wave modes, iii) their lineal polarization
and phase relation between wind and temperature, iv) the validation of WRF results with two
measured COSMIC GPS radio occultation temperature profiles in the inner domain along their
lines-of-sight.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 197
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
A. de la Torre (1), P. Alexander (2), P. Llamedo (1), R. Hierro (1), A. Rolla (1), T. Schmidt (3),
J. Wickert (3)
Recent results on GW activity and propagation in Southern Andes and Antarctic Peninsula
UTLS with GPS radio occultations
The global distribution, generation and variability of horizontal and vertical gravity waves (GWs)
propagation, their energy content and the vertical flux of horizontal momentum are basic
ingredients in the understanding of the lower and middle atmosphere dynamics. The Radio
Occultation technique has global coverage and is capable of generating high vertical resolution
temperature, profiles of the troposphere and stratosphere with sub-Kelvin accuracy and long-term
stability, regardless of weather conditions. The upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region
above the southern Andes Range, Drake Passage and Antarctic Peninsula constitute a natural
laboratory where the effect of orographic and non-orographic GW sources compete between
them in the total balance of wave energy. In this talk, we discuss recent results focused to this
region. We first describe a long-term seasonal and geographical GW amplitudes and activity from
(CHAMP) Radio Occultation data. Then we use a new technique to eliminate the uncertainty in
the trposphere wave activity and we propose a new method developed to:
- estimate the global distribution of the horizontal wave vector from Radio ocultation GPS
- evaluate the global dristribution of the vertical flux of horizontal momentum due to GW.
The last quantity is very important in order to represent the mesoscale waves in global
circulation models.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 199
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
En este trabajo se analizan los valores de vapor de agua precipitable (Precipitable Water
Vapor, PWV) calculado a partir de mediciones GPS para cuatro estaciones permanentes de la
Argentina durante un periodo de un ao (2006-2007). Nuestro objetivo consiste en analizar el
comportamiento de la estimacin de PWV cuando se utilizan diferentes modelos para la
temperatura media de la troposfera (Tm). En particular se analizan los modelos de Bevis,
Sapucci y los valores de Tm obtenidos a partir de una integracin numrica de variables
provistas por el National Centre of Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Los resultados se validaron
usando valores de PWV determinados por radiosondeos en puntos cercanos a las respectivas
estaciones GPS. Finalmente se presenta una comparacin entre los valores de PWV GPS y
aquellos determinados a partir de sensores presentes en el satlite NOAA-18.
This work presents PWV estimates from GPS data computed at four continuously operated
GPS stations in Argentina over a 1 year period (20062007). The objective is to analyze the
behaviour of the GPS PWV estimation using Mean Tropospheric Temperature (Tm) values from
the Bevis model, Sapucci model and obtained by a numerical integration of variables provided by
the operational analysis of the National Centre of Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The results
are validated using PWV values from nearest radio soundings. Moreover, a comparison between
PWV values determined from microwave sensors deployed on the NOAA-18 satellite and PWV
from GPS observations is also presented.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 200
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
* Centro Nacional Patagnico, CONICET, Bvd. Brown 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn,
Argentina
Climatic forecast of seasonal rainfall anomalies in the south of South America with a
global atmospheric model: evaluation.
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar estadsticamente que el verano de 2010 es un
verano extremadamente fro para el periodo 1980-2010, en algunas estaciones sobre el extremo
norte de la Pennsula Antrtica. Se utiliz el criterio de 1 desvo estndar para identificar
temperaturas extremas mensuales y estacionales. Se utiliz un flujo de actividad de onda para
perturbaciones estacionarias cuasi-geostrficas embebido en un flujo bsico que vara
zonalmente, determinado por Takaya y Nakamura (2001), como herramienta de diagnstico para
estudiar la propagacin del tren de ondas sobre el Pacfico.
Los veranos fros en el extremo norte de la Pennsula Antrtica se caracterizan por un tren de
ondas cuasi-estacionarias (QSW) propagndose desde el norte de Nueva Zelanda y Australia,
del tipo PSA (patrn Pacfico-Sudamericano), extendido barotrpicamente por la tropsfera. El
tren de ondas se asocia a la conveccin anmala en la regin de Convergencia del Pacfico Sur,
que se extiende desde el norte de Australia al norte de Nueva Zelanda. Las bajas temperaturas
sobre el extremo norte de la Pennsula Antrtica estn asociadas a un centro anmalo ciclnico
inducido al noroeste de la Pennsula Antrtica, favoreciendo vientos del noreste y condiciones
probables de alta nubosidad. Este patrn tipo PSA no se extiende hacia la baja estratsfera.
El fro verano de 2010 est asociado a anomalas de circulacin estacionarias regionalmente
en aproximadamente 50-55S, con anomala anticiclnica en 120O, de estructura barotrpica
hasta baja estratsfera, y otra ciclnica en 60O (al noroeste de la Pennsula Antrtica). Desde
ah hay propagacin hacia Sudamrica pues no se observa una estructura de onda sobre el
Pacfico. Estas anomalas de circulacin de verano estn asociadas a anomalas positivas de las
TSM (Temperatura de la Superficie del Mar) en el rea mencionada, persistentes desde la
primavera.
Asimismo la conveccin profunda tropical interanual del Pacfico Occidental puede ser
modulada por la Oscilacin Decadal del Pacfico (PDO) en escalas interdecdicas. Durante el
fro verano de 2010 la actividad convectiva inducida en el Pacfico tropical es comparable a las
condiciones medias de verano durante la fase negativa de la PDO en el perodo anterior a 1977.
Esto podra sugerir un posible comienzo de una fase negativa de la PDO desde finales de la
dcada del 2000.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 203
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Low summer temperatures at some Northernmost Antartic Peninsula stations and quasi-
stationary waves propagation over the Pacific Ocean during 2010
The present work aims to statistically show that summer of 2010 is an extreme cold summer in
the period 1980-2010 over some northernmost Antarctic Peninsula stations. 1 standard deviation
criterium was used to identify extreme monthly and seasonal temperatures. A wave-activity flux
for stationary quasi-geostrophic eddies on a zonally varying basic flow derived by Takaya and
Nakamura (2001) was used as diagnostic tool to study wave-train propagation over the Pacific
Ocean.
Cold summers over the extreme north of the Antarctic Peninsula are characterized by a quasi-
stationary waves (QSW) train, propagating from the north of New Zealand and Australia, of the
type PSA (Pacific-South American pattern), barotropically extended at the troposphere. The wave
train is associated to anomalous convection over the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ),
extended from the north of Australia to the north of New Zealand. The low temperatures on the
extreme north of the Antarctic Peninsula are associated with an anomalous cyclonic center
induced to the northwest of the Antarctic Peninsula, leading to northeast winds and probable
conditions of high cloudiness. This PSA pattern is not extended towards the low stratosphere.
The cold summer of 2010 is associated to circulation anomalies, regionally stationary in
approximately 50-55S, with anticyclonic anomaly over 120W, of barotropic structure up to low
stratosphere, and another one cyclonic over 60W (to the northwest of the Antarctic Peninsula).
From there, there is propagation towards South America since a wave structure is not observed
over the Pacific Ocean. These summer circulation anomalies are associated to positive
anomalies of SST's (Sea Surface Temperature) in the mentioned area, persistent since spring.
As the interannual Western Pacific Tropical deep convection can be modulated by the Pacifical
Decadal Oscillation (PDO) at interdecadal scales, the 2010 tropospheric summer conditions are
examined in comparison with the PDO phase. The tropical Pacific induced convective activity
during the cold summer of 2010 is comparable to those mean summer conditions during the
negative phase of the PDO in the period prior to 1977. This could suggest a possible onset of the
negative PDO phase since the late 2000's.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 204
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Hay evidencia creciente que los patrones de circulacin del Hemisferio Sur varan
significativamente, al menos en latitudes medias y altas de troposfera y estratsfera. Varios
trabajos han mostrado cambios en la evolucin del agujero polar Antrtico, las ondas 1-3 cuasi-
estacionarias, el Modo Anular del Sur (MAS) y la tropsfera media y altas en las ltimas
dcadas. Se ha mostrado tambin que en Octubre las ondas cuasi-estacionarias 1-3 tienen un
comportamiento flip-flop en la baja estratsfera y tropsfera superior. La inspeccin de su
variabilidad interanual sugiere que la evolucin de este acoplamiento troposfrico-estratosfrico
puede ser asociada a variabilidad troposfrica sobre el Pacfico, hacia el noroeste de la Isla de
Pascua, el cual modifica la propagacin de flujo de actividad de onda desde esa regin hacia
ms altas latitudes. Tale variabilidad interanual parece cambiar antes y despus de 1992, en
concordancia con resultados previos.
Grassi et al. (2006,2009) ha argumentado que la circulacin estratosfrica de primavera est
asociada a la tropsfera tropical de junio a travs del efecto sobre la circulacin media de la
propagacin de ondas de Rossby. Argumentaron que este pre-condicionamiento es debido a
anomalas de actividad convectiva sobre el Pacfico tropical occidental y la regin Indico-Pacfica
entre el sudeste de Asia y Australia, es decir, el Continente Martimo, que incluye Indonesia y
archipilagos. La propagacin de ondas de Rossby inducidas convectivamente hacia latitudes
altas puede modificar la evolucin de la dinmica del vrtice polar en primavera. Tales
propagaciones asociadas a la conveccin tropical de invierno muestran una trayectoria
organizada conocida como el patrn del Pacfico-Sudamrica (PSA, Mo and Higgins 1998).
El presente trabajo busca establecer las conexiones entre los procesos antedichos y los
cambios observados en el Hemisferio Sur en troposfera superior y baja estratsfera. Se
evidencia un patrn similar al PSA en junio mediante Anlisis de Componentes Principales
Rotados (RPC3) cuyos factores de carga temporales muestran un cambio de tendencia hacia
1992. Las regresiones sobre la altura de geopotencial en 30 hPa para octubre arrojan una onda
cuasi-estacionaria 1 que explica parcialmente el comportamiento flip-flop y su tendencia. Tanto
el anlisis de OLR, vapor de agua, movimiento vertical y anomalas de viento en baja tropsfera,
sugieren que hubieron cambios importantes en 1992 en el transporte de humedad sobre el
Continente Martimo, al norte de Australia. Tales cambios se reflejan en cambios en su relacin
con el patrn similar a PSA antes y despus de 1992.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 205
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
An analysis of links between the june tropical troposphere over the maritime continent and
the state of october southern hemisphere quasi-stationary planetary waves
La informacin sobre humedad del suelo (HS) es clave en la aplicacin de modelos numricos
atmosfricos para investigacin y pronstico del tiempo. La estimacin de la HS es compleja,
dada su alta variabilidad espacial y dinmica temporal. Los actuales sistemas satelitales de
microondas permiten la captura de datos independientemente de las condiciones de luminosidad
y nubosidad, por lo cual resultan aptos para el monitoreo global con frecuencia temporal y
resolucin espacial acordes a los requerimientos de los modelos del tiempo. Existe una amplia
gama de sistemas/sensores de microondas, con diversa resolucin espacial y temporal, desde
los activos (radares) con pxel del orden de los 10m y frecuencia de revisita de 1 mes
aproximadamente, hasta los pasivos (radimetros y dispersmetros) con pxel del orden de
decenas de km y revisita semanal. La medicin de la HS mediante microondas se fundamenta
en el alto contraste entre propiedades dielctricas del agua en estado lquido y del suelo seco, lo
cual permite discernir un amplio rango de contenido volumtrico de agua en el suelo. Se
presenta una experiencia de estimacin de HS superficial realizada en el Centro de la Provincia
de Buenos Aires (Latitud 37S, Longitud 60W), Argentina, mediante imgenes en banda C (5
GHz) de Radar de Abertura Sinttica (SAR) Radarsat-1 y ERS-2. Para la modelizacin de la
seal radar se adopt la regresin lineal con mediciones a campo simultneas en 20 sitios, en
los cuales se determin HS mediante el mtodo gravimtrico patrn. . El ajuste general para
todas las imgenes alcanz un coeficiente de determinacin r2=0,68. Se confeccionaron los
mapas de HS superficial correspondientes a cada imagen, en los cuales se manifiesta la
variabilidad espacial de la misma.
Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que, dada la amplia cobertura espacial de las imgenes
SAR (100 por 100km), pueden utilizarse como fuente de datos para ajustar, calibrar y validar
datos de los modelos atmosfricos.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 207
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Soil surface moisture estimated from C band microwave satellite sensor data
The information about soil moisture (HS) it is a key in the application of atmospheric numeric
models for research and weather forecasting. HS estimation is complex, given its high space
variability and temporary dynamics. The current microwave satellite systems allow the capture of
data independently of the conditions of brightness and cloudiness, reason why they are capable
for global monitoring with time frequency and space resolution adequate to the weather models
requirements. A wide range of microwaves sensors/systems exist, with diverse spatial and time
resolution, from active (radars) with pixel of the order of the 10m and revisit frequency of 1 month
approximately, until the passive ones (radiometers and scattermeters) with pixel of the order of
dozens of km and weekly revisit. Microwave HS measures are based in the high contrast among
dielectric properties of the water in liquid state and of the dry soil, which allows to discern a wide
range of volumetric contain of water in the soil. Here is presented an experience of surface HS
estimation carried out in the Center of the County of Buenos Aires (Latitude 37S, Longitude
60W), Argentina, by means of C band (5 GHz) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Radarsat-1 and
ERS-2 images. The lineal regression sign radar modeling was adopted with simultaneous field
measures in 20 sites, in which HS was determined by means of the gravimetric patron method. .
The general adjustment for all the images reached a coefficient of determination r2= 0,68. Maps
of surface HS corresponding to each image were made, in which the space variability of the same
one is manifested. The obtained results demonstrate that, given the wide spatial covering of the
images SAR (100 for 100km), they can be used as source of data to adjust, to calibrate and to
validate data of the atmospheric models.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 208
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Oceanografa
La metodologa de Wavelet Coherency (WTC) es una herramienta muy til para encontrar
regiones en el espacio de frecuencias donde dos series temporales tienen una fuerte conexin.
Si bien existen numerosos antecedentes de la aplicacin de esta metodologa en diversas reas
de la ciencia, no hay antecedentes de su uso en el anlisis de la covariabilidad entre la
Temperatura Superficial del Mar (TSM) de diferentes regiones de los ocanos del Hemisferio
Sur. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es investigar como es la relacin entre distintas
regiones del ocano Pacifico segn los resultados del anlisis WTC.
El estudio fue realizado para el periodo 1950-2007 utilizando el promedio anual de las
anomalas mensuales de TSM del ocano Pacifico entre 10N y 40S. Las anomalas fueron
definidas respecto a la media del periodo 1961-1990. Las regiones del Pacifico fueron
seleccionadas como las tpicas reas de las regiones EN4, EN3.4, EN3 y EN1+2 adems de
reas representando la variabilidad de la TSM en el este, centro y oeste del Pacifico subtropical.
Los resultados ms importantes pueden sintetizarse como sigue.
i) Las regiones este y oeste del Pacifico tropical tienen fuerte covariabilidad en oscilaciones ms
cortas de 8 aos habiendo una prdida de la relacin estadsticamente significativa entre estas
regiones en las oscilaciones ms largas.
ii) Relaciones significativas de tipo lineal o casi lineal se observan entre las regiones del Pacifico
subtropical central y oeste, excepto en las periodicidades ms cortas.
iii) Las relaciones entre el Pacifico tropical y el subtropical son significativas en diferentes bandas
de periodicidades pero en todos los casos son de carcter no estacionario.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 209
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The wavelet coherency (WTC) is a very useful tool to find regions in time frequency space
where two time series have a strong connection. Although there are abundant bibliography abut
the use of this methodology in different areas of science, there are not antecedents about its
application in the analysis of covariability between the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in
different regions of the Southern Hemisphere oceans. Therefore, the aim of this study is to
investigate how are the connections between different regions of the Southern Hemisphere
portion of the Pacific Ocean according the results of the WTC analysis.
The study was made for the period 1950-2007 using the annual mean of monthly anomalies of
SST in the Pacific between 10N and 40S defining the anomalies regarding to the mean value in
the period 1961-1990. Regions in the Pacific were selected as the typical areas of EN4, EN3.4,
EN3 and EN1+2 regions and areas representing the variability of the SST in the east, centre and
west of the subtropical Pacific.
The most important results can be synthesized as follow.
i) Western and eastern tropical Pacific have strong covariability in oscillations shorter than 8 yrs
and there is a lack of significant link between these regions in the longest oscillations.
ii) There are linear or quasi-linear significant relationships between western and central
subtropical Pacific except in the shortest periodicities.
iii) Relationships between tropical and subtropical Pacific are significant in different bands of
periodicities but all of them are nonstationary.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 210
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Palabras clave: Patagonia, variabilidad climtica, temperatura superficial del mar, variabilidad de
precipitacin
Key words: Patagonia, climatic variability, sea surface temperature, precipitation variability
The sea surface temperature influence in the precipitation over southern Patagonia has been
analyzed with a Wavelet Coherency (WTC) analysis. This mathematical-statistical tool lets to find
regions in time frequency space where two time series have significant covariability. Therefore,
the objective of this study is to analyze the connections between different regions of the Southern
Hemisphere oceans and the southern Patagonia precipitation using the WTC analysis.
The analyzed precipitation corresponds to the station of Rio Gallegos in the South of the
continental Patagonia. This station is located 90 km of a paleo climatic deposit of recognized
world-wide importance as it is the lagoon Potrok Aike. Therefore, the conclusions obtained in this
work constitute an important contribution to the investigations tending to discover the possible
forcing of the changes in the level of the mentioned lagoon during the last 2000 years.
The results here obtained show the significant influence of the western portions of the tropical
and subtropical Pacific in the low-frequency variability of the precipitation in the southern
Patagonia. In fact, results show that such oceanic regions and the precipitation in Rio Gallegos
have a significant covariability in oscillations of period larger than 12 years. This relation is linear
and stationary describing a clear connection of type warm (cold) ocean - positive (negative)
anomaly of precipitation in the south of the Patagonia for those bands of variability. In oscillations
shorter than 12 years there are not significant relations between these variables. The results also
show that there are no other oceanic regions significantly linked with the precipitation in Rio
Gallegos.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 212
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
1Instituto
Argentino de Oceanografa, Baha Blanca, Argentina
2Departamento de Geografa y Turismo UNS, Baha Blanca, Argentina
3Departamento de Geologa, UNS, Baha Blanca, Argentina
ecarbone@criba.edu.ar
La temperatura del sedimento es uno de los factores bsicos para evaluar las caractersticas
fsicas y biolgicas de un ecosistema costero. En este trabajo se analiza el comportamiento de la
onda trmica de los sedimentos en una de las planicies de marea de Baha San Antonio Oeste,
localizada en el canal La Marea, paralelo a la localidad homnima. Se analizaron datos de
temperatura obtenidos a travs de termistores localizados en el sedimento, a diferentes niveles
de profundidad 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0,25 y 0,30, en el agua y en el aire a 1m sobre la superficie. Las
mediciones fueron realizadas en forma continua durante diez das de noviembre de 2004 con
condiciones meteorolgicas de buen tiempo. Se calcularon los flujos de calor del suelo y sensible
utilizando ecuaciones aerodinmicas. Las temperaturas observadas cada 10 minutos fueron
empleadas para calcular el coeficiente de difusividad trmica que result con un valor mximo
de 0.93 x 10 6 m-2 s-1 para los niveles superiores y de hasta 0,18 x 10 6 m-2 s-1 para los niveles
inferiores.
Las ondas de temperatura en el sedimento en las primeras capas siguieron la trayectoria de la
temperatura del aire con diferentes tiempos de retardo (2hs 20m y 4hs 34m para la capa de 5 y
15 cm respectivamente). Los perfiles verticales de la temperatura del sedimento mostraron una
mayor fluctuacin en los primeros 15 cm. En esta capa se desarrollaron importantes gradientes
verticales medios de hasta 1.3C cm-1, principalmente en las primeras horas de la tarde (13 y
15hs) cuando el ambiente de las planicies fue inundada por la marea y la temperatura del aire
oscil entre 25 y 24.4C. En las capas inferiores la temperatura presenta un menor gradiente.
Durante la inundacin de la marea se observa que los sedimentos presentan un mximo relativo
indicando la transferencia de calor desde el agua hacia el sedimento. La amplitud de la onda
trmica a 5 cm de profundidad es de 12C.
La inundacin mareal afect la direccin y magnitud de los flujos de calor sensible y del suelo,
las inundaciones durante las horas del da enfriaron en las dos primeras horas el sedimento de la
planicie mareal, causando un flujo descendente del calor sensible con valores de 179 W m-2. El
flujo de calor en el suelo se redujo rpidamente durante las horas de inundacin. Cuando la
planicie de marea qued expuesta a la radiacin solar directa el flujo fue positivo alcanzando
mximos de hasta 135 W m-2 .
La variacin del comportamiento de la temperatura en el sedimento en este ambiente est
regulado por la inundacin de la marea y por las condiciones atmosfricas predominantes. Estas
condiciones se reflejan en el intercambio de calor a travs del sedimento, presentando una
mayor transferencia en la interfase agua suelo.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 213
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Sediment temperature is a determining factor in the evaluation of the physical and biological
characteristics of a coastal ecosystem. This research paper studies the behaviour presented by
the thermal wave of the sediments belonging to one of the tidal plains of the San Antonio Oeste
Bay- located in the La Marea Channel parallel to the city bearing the same name.
The temperature data analysed was obtained by means of thermistors placed at different
depths in the sediment- 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25 and 0.30 in the water and 1 m above the surface.
The measurements were taken non-stop over a ten-day period in November 2004 under perfect
weather conditions. In addition, aerodynamic equations were done to gauge the soil heat flow as
well as the sensible heat one. Thermal diffusion was determined considering the temperatures
registered every ten minutes. The maximum value was 0.93 x 10 6 m-2 s-1 in the higher levels
and up to 0,18 x 10 6 m-2 s-1 in the lower ones.
The temperature waves presented by the first layers of the sediment followed the temperature
trajectory of the air layer, although with different time delays- 2 h 20m and 4h 34m for the 5 cm
and 15 cm deep layers respectively. The vertical profiles of sediment temperature showed a
bigger fluctuation in the first 15 cm. Whereas the mean vertical gradients registered reached
values as high as 1.3C cm-1, especially during the first hours of the afternoon- between 1 p.m.
and 3 p.m.- when the plain was flooded by the tide, the air temperature fluctuated between 25
and 24.4C. Meanwhile, the gradient in the lower layers was not as marked. The curve showed a
relative maximum during the flood tide, revealing the heat transference. The thermal wave
amplitude at 5cm depth is 12 C.
The flood tide affected both the direction and the magnitude of the sensible and soil heat flows.
The sediments of the tidal plain experienced a drastic drop in temperature during daytime
flooding, resulting in sensible heat values of 179 W m-2. Meanwhile, the values were positive as
soon as the tidal plain was exposed to direct solar radiation, reaching a maximum of 135 W m -2 .
Temperature variation in the sediments of this environment is regulated by both the flood tide
and the predominant atmospheric conditions, which are reflected on the heat exchange through
the sediment- a transference that is higher at the interface of water and soil.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 214
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
1 Servicio de Hidrografa Naval y ESCM-INUN, Av. Montes de Oca 2124 (C1270ABV) Ciudad
Autnoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
2 Departamento Ciencias de la Atmsfera y los Ocanos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y
Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabelln II, 2do. Piso.
(C1428EGA) Ciudad Autnoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
3 Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmsfera (CIMA/CONICET-UBA), Ciudad Universitaria,
Pabelln II, 2do. Piso. (C1428EGA) Ciudad Autnoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
4 CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientficas y Tcnicas. Av. Rivadavia 1917.
Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabelln II, 2do. Piso. (C1428EGA) Ciudad Autnoma de
Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Un leve corrimiento del anticicln semipermanente del Atlntico Sur hacia el S y una
intensificacin de los vientos del E en el Ro de la Plata ha sido documentada por diversos
autores. Como consecuencia de esta variabilidad climtica se ha detectado un leve incremento
en las alturas de las olas desde 1970 al presente en el Ro de la Plata y ocano adyacente. El
incremento ms notable se observ entre las dcadas del 90 y 80 coincidentemente con el
incremento de erosin generalizado en la baha Samborombn y zonas aledaas. Las mayores
diferencias en alturas (0.20 m, 9%) se observaron en 34S - 48W, aproximadamente. En la
plataforma continental y en el Ro de la Plata el incremento fue algo menor (7%). Las medias
anuales de las alturas de ola simuladas mostraron tendencias positivas significativas en Mar del
Plata, la boca del Ro de la Plata y la costa Uruguaya. La densidad de energa de olas (media
anual, espacialmente promediada) tambin present una tendencia positiva significativa y una
relativamente alta variabilidad interanual. Continuando con esta lnea de investigacin, en este
trabajo se estudia la variabilidad de las frecuencias de ocurrencia para cada direccin de
incidencia del oleaje en la baha Samborombn, Ro de la Plata. Para estudiar esta variabilidad
se implement el modelo SWAN forzado con los reanlisis de NCEP/NCAR durante el perodo
1971-2005.
Para determinar objetivamente si la tendencia del oleaje direccional observada era
estadsticamente significativa se aplic el test de Student a las series anuales de frecuencias
modeladas. Al aplicar dicho test, se encontr una tendencia positiva, y estadsticamente
significativamente distinta de cero al 95% de confianza, solo para las direcciones E y ESE, en la
Baha Samborombn. Con estos resultados, y considerando que la altura del oleaje ha
aumentado en las ltimas dcadas, se estudi en forma conjunta dicha tendencia en la
frecuencia de ocurrencia de la direccin de incidencia y en la altura del oleaje. Para las
direcciones E y ESE se observ que tanto las alturas del oleaje como as tambin las frecuencias
de ocurrencia se han incrementado, notndose, en los ltimos aos un oleaje de mayor altura
que puede superar los 3 m. Si bien al presente estos resultados estn siendo analizados, todo
indicara que el aumento en las alturas y en las frecuencias de incidencia del oleaje proveniente
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 215
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
del E y del ESE podran explicar, en parte, el incremento de los procesos erosivos y cambios
morfodinmicos especialmente referidos al sector sur de la baha de Samborombn que se
observan desde hace algunos aos. Estas tareas han sido realizadas en el marco del Proyecto
CONICET PIP 112-200801-02599.
A slight southward shift of the South Atlantic semi-permanent high pressure system and an
intensification of the eastern wind at the Ro de la Plata have been documented by several
authors. A mild wind wave height increase has been detected at the Ro de la Plata and the
adjacent continental shelf, from 1970 to the present, as a consequence of the aforementioned
climate variability. The most noticeable increase was observed between the 90 and 80 decades,
in good agreement with a general increment of erosion at Samborombn Bay and neighboring
areas. The highest differences in wind wave heights (0.20 m, 9%) were observed at 34S - 48W,
approximately. The increase was a little lower (7%) at the continental shelf and the Ro de la
Plata. The annual mean of the simulated wave height showed significant positive trends at the
Ro de la Plata mouth, the Uruguayan coast and Mar del Plata. The wind wave energy density
(annual mean, averaged at the computational domain) also presented a significant positive trend
and a relatively high inter-annual variability. Following this line of research, this work shows an
analysis of the variability of the frequency of occurrence for each wind wave direction at
Samborombn Bay, Ro de la Plata. In order to study this variability, SWAN model forced with
NCEP/NCAR re-analysis was implemented during the period 1971-2005.
The Students test was applied to the annual series of modeled frequencies in order to
objectively determine whether or not the observed directional wind wave trend is statistically
significant. A positive trend, statistically different from zero with a 95% of confidence, was found
only for the directions E and ESE, at Samborombn Bay. In the light of these results, and taking
into account that the wind wave height has increased in the last decades, the frequency of
occurrence in wind wave directions and wind wave heights were jointly studied. It was observed
that the wind wave heights and frequencies of occurrence had increased for the E and ESE
directions and higher wind wave heights, greater than 3 m, were also detected. Even though
these results are still being analyzed, there are some evidences which support that this increase
in wind wave heights and in the frequencies of occurrence of waves coming from the E and ESE
could explain, partially, an increase in the erosive processes and the morpho-dynamic changes
at the southern part of Samborombn Bay, which have been observed for some years. This
work has been carried out in the frame of the CONICET PIP 112-200801-02599 Project.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 216
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
La regin del talud de la Plataforma Continental Argentina es considerada una de las reas de
mayor productividad primaria del ocano mundial. A diferencia de otras regiones de alta
productividad caracterizadas por surgencia (upwelling) costera generada por el viento estacional,
estudios tericos recientes indican que la surgencia del talud es producida por una divergencia
del flujo meridional de la Corriente de Malvinas. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar la
evolucin y ajuste de una corriente meridional de talud sobre topografa variable empleando
soluciones analticas y numricas de la ecuacin de onda atrapada. El nfasis est puesto en
comprender los mecanismos dinmicos bsicos que permiten la generacin de surgencia por
intermedio de corrientes de talud. Los resultados analticos y numricos sin variacin longitudinal
de la topografa muestran que la intensidad de la surgencia aumenta con la intensidad de la
corriente del talud y la pendiente del talud. Si adems de la corriente de talud existe un flujo
sobre la plataforma, la surgencia es ms superficial y disminuye con el aumento de dicha
corriente. Variaciones en la forma del perfil de velocidades en el talud y del transporte de la
corriente muestran que la surgencia aumenta con la reduccin transversal del perfil de la
corriente de talud en el borde sur (para un mismo transporte) y con el aumento del transporte
(para un mismo perfil). Posteriormente se investigan los efectos de variaciones topogrficas
longitudinales de la topografa. Los resultados muestran que la penetracin de la corriente de
talud sobre la plataforma y la intensidad de la surgencia se incrementan considerablemente con
un aumento rpido de la pendiente del talud en la direccin de la corriente. Lo mismo ocurre para
una dada pendiente de talud y disminucin rpida de la extensin de la plataforma.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 217
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The slope region of the Argentinean Continental Shelf is considered one of the most primary
productivity areas of the world ocean. Unlike others high-productivity regions characterized by
seasonal wind driven coastal upwelling, recent theoretical studies shows that the slope upwelling
is produced by meridional flux divergence of the Malvinas Current. The objective of this work is to
examine the evolution and adjustment of a meridional slope current over variable topography
using analytic and numeric solutions of the arrested wave equation. The emphasis is on
understanding the basic dynamic mechanisms that allow upwelling generation by slope currents.
The analytic and numeric results without longitudinal variation of the topography show that the
upwelling intensity increases with slope current intensity and the slope of the slope. If besides the
slope current there is flux on the shelf, the upwelling is more superficial and decreases with the
increase of this current. Variations in the shape of the velocity profile on the slope and in the
currents transport show that the upwelling increases with the transversal reduction of slope
current profile in the southern edge (for constant transport), and with the increase of the transport
(for the same profile). Subsequently we investigated the effects of longitudinal topographic
variations. The results show that the leakage of the slope current over the shelf and the intensity
of the upwelling, significantly increase with a rapid increase of the slope steepness in the current
direction. The same occurs for constant steepness and rapid decrease of the shelf extension.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 218
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Sismologa
Monitoreo conjunto Universidad-Comuna: Estrategia para la concientizacin del riesgo
ssmico en Tolhuin, Tierra del Fuego
La Comuna de Tolhuin es el tercer centro poblado de Tierra del Fuego. Con aproximadamente
5000 habitantes, se encuentra plenamente ubicado en el Sistema de Fallas Magallanes-Fagnano
(SFMF), lmite transformante de las placas tectnicas Sudamericana (SAM) y de Scotia (SCO).
Para la regin se registra el antecedente de un sismo de magnitud 7.8 en el ao 1949. La
Facultad de Ciencias Astronmicas y Geofsicas de la UNLP (FCAG-UNLP) instal estaciones
sismolgicas en la Isla Grande a partir de 1999, contando hoy con cuatro estaciones.
Desde 1999 a la fecha se han registrado ms de 1200 eventos, algunos de los cuales han sido
percibidos por los habitantes de la Isla. La magnitud promedio ha resultado de 2.0 y la gran
mayora de los sismos se relacionan con el SFMF. El desplazamiento relativo general de las
placas SCO y SAM en Tierra del Fuego ha sido medido con tcnicas geodsicas y es de 5
mm/ao.
Se presenta en este trabajo la colaboracin entre la Comuna de Tolhuin y el Departamento de
Sismologa de la FCAG-UNLP para llevar adelante el monitoreo conjunto de la sismicidad en el
SFMF. Se destacan los siguientes aspectos del proyecto: 1) el dotar a Defensa Civil comunal de
la capacidad de brindar informacin temprana, preliminar aunque de primera mano, 2) dar
informacin educativa y explicativa por parte de especialistas en Sismologa, 3) integrar un
equipo interdiscliplinario para que las acciones sean ms efectivas, 4) lograr a partir de esta
responsabilidad que adquiere la Comuna, una mayor concientizacin del riesgo ssmico en la
regin, lo que har ms efectivas las estrategias de mitigacin del mismo. Es imprescindible no
perder de vista que la comunidad debe estar incluida en los proyectos de mitigacin de riesgos.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 219
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Tolhuin town is the third population centre in Tierra del Fuego. It has around 5000 inhabitants
and is fully located in the Magallanes-Fagnano Fault System (MFFS), a transform limit between
the South American (SAM) Plate and the Scotia (SCO) Plate. The region has a record of an
earthquake of 7.8 magnitude during 1949. The Faculty of Astronomical and Geophysical
Sciences of Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCAG-UNLP) has installed four seismological
stations on Isla Grande since 1999.
More than 1200 events have been registered since 1999, some of which have been perceived
by the locals. The mean magnitude of the seisms has been of 2.0 and a large number of them are
associated with the MFFS. The general relative displacement between SCO and SAM Plates
measured with geodetic techniques is 5 mm/year.
Argentina
Desde 1996 se han registrado acelerogramas causados por varios sismos distantes de
mediana y gran magnitud, entre los cuales se destaca el correspondiente al Gran Sismo de Chile
del 27 de Febrero del 2010 con Mw=8,8. en la Estacin Sismolgica de La Plata.
La aceleracin mxima de su componente N-S alcanz a Amax=2gal, que es la mayor captada
en esta ubicacin. El registro se destaca adems por su importante duracin, entre la primera y
la ltima superacin de un cuarto de la aceleracin mxima (Acel>0,25Amax) transcurrieron casi
4 minutos, mientras que transcurrieron 130 segundos entre la primera y ltima superacin de la
mitad de la aceleracin mxima. (Acel>0,5Amax).
Por otra parte, realizando el anlisis espectral se observa la presencia de amplitudes
dominantes cercanas a f=0,38c/s, f=0,82c/s, y f=0,05c/s. Las dos primeras han sido encontradas
en todos los acelerogramas captados en La Plata, independientemente de la distancia epicentral
y la magnitud del sismo estudiado, mientras que la restante slo en los de muy gran magnitud
como los debidos al sismo del sur de Per del 23-06-2001 con Mw=8,3 y al muy distante Gran
Sismo de Sumatra del 26-12-2004 con Mw=9,3. El cociente entre las amplitudes
correspondientes a las frecuencias f=0,38 y f=0,82c/s es mayor que en los de otros
acelerogramas debidos a sismos de menor magnitud, pero son comparables con los de Per
2001 y Sumatra 2004, poniendo en evidencia que en los sismos de gran magnitud se incrementa
el contenido de ondas de mayores periodos.
La curva 2% del espectro de respuesta de aceleracin est por encima de todas las
anteriormente obtenidas y para los periodos 1,22seg y 2,63seg, que corresponden a las dos
citadas frecuencias, los mximos valen aproximadamente 7 y 16gal respectivamente, y entre
estos periodos la aceleracin supera los 5gal. Estos periodos corresponderan a vibraciones
propias de los estratos de terreno de loess cuaternario de 500m de espesor del subsuelo de
Buenos Aires y La Plata, lo cual se confirma al comparar entre si a las curvas 2% de la
aceleracin espectral de los registros obtenidos en La Plata y en Tornquist.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 221
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Key words: accelerograms spectral analysis great earthquakes - Buenos Aires Province
Since 1996, accelerograms caused by distant seisms of different magnitudes have been
registered in the seismological station of La Plata. Among them, the 27 th february 2010 Grean
Chilean Earthquake highlights.
The N-S maximum acceleration component reaches a vlue of 2gal, that is the gratest
registered. The record is notable for its significant length, between the first and last excess of the
maximum acceleration (Accel> 0.25 Amax) spent almost four minutes, while 130 seconds
elapsed between the first and last surpass of half maximum acceleration. (Accel> 0.5 Amax).
Moreover, the spectral analysis shows the presence of dominant local amplitudes at f = 0.38 c /
s, f = 0.82 c / s and f = 0.05 c / s. The first two have been found in all accelerograms collected in
La Plata, regardless of epicentral distance and magnitude of the earthquake studied, while the
remainder only in very large magnitude as those due to earthquake in southern Peru on 23-06 -
2001 with Mw = 8.3 and the very distant Great Sumatra Earthquake with Mw = 9.3 on
26/12/2004. The ratio of amplitudes corresponding to frequencies f = 0.38 and f = 0.82 c / s is
greater than in other accelerograms due to earthquakes of lesser magnitude, but are comparable
with those of Peru and Sumatra, highlighting the increment of long period waves on large
magnitude earthquakes.
Curve 2% of the acceleration response spectrum is above all previously obtained and for the
periods 1.22 sec and 2.63 sec, which correspond to the two mentioned frequencies, the peaks
are approximately 7 and 16gal respectively, and between these period the acceleration exceds
5gal. These periods correspond to characteristic vibrations of the strata of Quaternary loess area
of 500 m thickness of the subsoil of Buenos Aires and La Plata cities, which is confirmed by
comparing these curves 2% of the spectral acceleration with those obtained from Tornquist
records.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 222
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The flat slab subduction of Argentina from the broadband seismic experiment SIEMBRA
La inversin de datos ssmicos prestack constituye una tcnica de anlisis muy importante para
la caracterizacin del subsuelo y la prospeccin de hidrocarburos. El objetivo central consiste en
determinar contrastes entre las propiedades petrofsicas de las rocas del subsuelo (velocidades
de las ondas P y S, densidades) a partir de la informacin contenida en la variacin con el ngulo
de incidencia de las amplitudes de las ondas ssmicas reflejadas en las interfases geolgicas. En
este trabajo presentamos un nuevo mtodo de inversin que permite obtener soluciones de tipo
sparse-spike a partir de datos AVO/AVA (amplitud versus offset/ngulo). Como en la mayora
de los problemas inversos en geofsica, las soluciones se encuentran tras minimizar una funcin
de costo que mide la discrepancia entre los datos observados y los calculados mediante un
modelo matemtico asumido como vlido. En este caso, debido a la fuerte no-unicidad del
problema inverso resulta esencial la incorporacin de informacin a priori que nos permita
obtener soluciones con ciertas caractersticas deseadas, como ser soluciones de tipo sparse-
spike. El mtodo propuesto apunta a encontrar el menor nmero de reflectores que tras ser
convolucionados con la ondcula ajustan al dato con una tolerancia dada, lo que permite la
caracterizacin de los eventos significativos presentes en los datos. El principal objetivo es la
obtencin de los parmetros de las aproximaciones de las ecuaciones de Zoeppritz usualmente
utilizadas por la industria y vlidas para ngulos de incidencia menores al ngulo crtico. En
particular utilizamos las clsicas aproximaciones de Shuey de dos y tres trminos, pero la
incorporacin de otras aproximaciones es inmediata. Debido a la alta no linealidad del problema
planteado para la determinacin de la posicin en tiempo de los reflectores, para optimizar la
funcin de costo utilizamos una versin muy eficiente del algoritmo de optimizacin global
conocido como simulated annealing (SA). Los coeficientes de las aproximaciones de Shuey se
obtienen tras resolver un sistema de ecuaciones lineales en cada iteracin del SA. Como
resultado de la inversin se obtienen simultneamente la ubicacin en tiempo de los posibles
reflectores y las curvas de AVO/AVA correspondientes. Dichas curvas pueden ser luego
utilizadas para interpretacin petrofsica o litolgica, dado que los coeficientes que las definen
dependen directamente de parmetros tales como velocidades P y S, y densidad de las rocas.
Los resultados obtenidos usando datos sintticos son muy satisfactorios, permitiendo encontrar
soluciones muy precisas aun ante datos con abundante ruido y ante errores en la fase y en la
frecuencia central de la ondcula. Estos dos ltimos parmetros son a su vez estimados durante
la inversin. Como era de esperar, se aprecia que las curvas de AVO/AVA obtenidas en la
inversin de tres trminos ajustan significativamente mejor los datos que las obtenidas utilizando
la inversin de dos trminos.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 225
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The inversion of prestack seismic data is an important technique for the characterization of the
subsurface and oil prospection. The main objective is to identify contrasts between the
petrophysical properties of rocks (P and S-waves velocities, density) from the information
contained in the variation with angle of incidence of the amplitudes of the seismic waves which
are reflected at the geological interfaces. We present a new inversion method for obtaining
sparse-spike solutions from AVO/AVA (amplitude versus offset/angle) data. As in most inverse
problems in geophysics, the solutions are found after minimizing a cost function that measures
the discrepancy between the observed data and data calculated using an assumed mathematical
model. In this case, due to the non-uniqueness of the inverse problem, the incorporation of a
priori information that allows us to obtain solutions with some desired characteristics such as
sparse-spike solutions, is crucial. The proposed method aims to find the smallest number of
reflectors that, when convolved with the source wavelet, fit to the data within a given tolerance
error, thus allowing for the characterization of the significant events that are present in the data.
The main objective is to obtain the parameters of the approximations of the Zoeppritz equations
usually used by the industry, which are valid for incidence angles smaller than the critical angle.
In particular we use the classical Shuey's two and three-terms approaches, but the incorporation
of other approaches is immediate. Due to the high nonlinearity of the problem for determining the
time positions of the reflectors, to optimize the cost function we use a very efficient version of the
global optimization algorithm known as simulated annealing (SA). The coefficients of the Shuey's
approximations are obtained after solving a system of linear equations at each SA iteration. As a
result, we obtain simultaneously the time of the reflectors and the corresponding AVO/AVA
curves. These curves can then be used for petrophysical or lithological interpretation, since the
coefficients that define them are directly related with parameters such as P and S-wave velocities
and density of rocks. The results obtained using synthetic data are very satisfactory. Very
accurate solutions are obtained even for low signal-to-noise ratios and errors in the phase and
central frequency of the wavelet. As a by-product of the inversion, these two parameters are also
estimated from the data. As expected, it is observed that the AVO/AVA curves obtained with the
three-term inversion fit the data significantly better than those obtained using the two-term
inversion.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 226
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
The one-dimensional velocity structure of P-waves for the center of Nuevo Cuyo Region was
determined using a set of 468 earthquakes recorded by the Red Sismolgica Zonal Nuevo Cuyo
(RSZNC) from August 1995 to March 1999. We performed simultaneous inversion for velocity
and hypocenter parameters using the program VELEST.
The resulting model consists of eight layers and a half-space with interfaces at depths of 0, 20,
30, 50, 60, 80, 100 and 120 km and P-wave velocities (Vp) of 6.30, 6.36, 6.60, 6.72, 7.83, 8.12,
8.63, 8.74 and 8.95 km/s. The average crustal thickness over the flat slab subduction segment is
estimated between 50 and 60km. The station corrections for P waves vary from 1.32 to -0.07,
indicating small lateral velocity variations. An average ratio Vp/Vs = 1.76 (sd 0.05) was calculated
from individual Wadati diagrams.
In order to verify the advantages of the new model, the seismicity is relocated using three
different velocity models and Joint Hypocenter Determination (JHD) technique, resulting in 452
events with an average RMS value of 0.16 for a total of 4205 analyzed seismic rays. It has
increased the bimodal behavior of the hypocenters showing a group of crustal events from
surface to 40 km depth and another group with origins in the Nazca plate at depth from 100 km to
140 km.
In general, the comparison between new and previous locations, is summarized in a better
definition of the subduction geometry and greater alignment of the surface hypocenters with
major tectonic features. In turn, it shows an improvement in RMS values, suggesting that it is
possible to increase the accuracy and precision of the localization routines in the RSZNC through
the implementation of the model and the station corrections proposed in this study.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 228
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Receiver functions analysis from teleseismic P wave in Termas del Rio Valdez,
Argentina
Teleseismic P waves obtained at Termas del Ro Valdez (TRVA) seismic station, which belongs
to Tierra del Fuego network, have been analyzed to characterize the crustal structure in this
region. The method applied consist in calculate time series computed with seismograms obtained
in three component stations. Receiver functions are sensible to velocity contrasts among different
layers and to the vertical propagation time among them, which allows to determine the response
of the structure in the area near the receiver. In this study receiver functions are calculated using
teleseismic seismograms recorded by TRVA station for the period 2006-2009. This station is
installed in the area of Termas del Ro Valdez, Argentina and is equipped with a CMG-3T sensor
Guralp provided by OGS.
In order to obtain the receiver functions, an iterative deconvolution method is applied in time
domain. This method presents more stability than frequency domain methods with noisy data. P
waves must penetrate the structure underneath the station with very small incident angles so that
the separation of the local response using the deconvolution process is effective. These angles
are obtained for epicentral distances between 30 and 90.
An earthquake catalog was collected with magnitude greater than 5.5 and epicentral distance
between 30 and 90 from the International Seismological Center database. This distance
ensures that the direct P wave reach vertically to the receiver and only has in the history of
ground motion the effects of passage through the media.
Once determinated receiver functions, the stack is performed for different groups of
earthquakes taking into account the azimuth and distance. The result obtained shows the seismic
velocity relationship vp/vs and the crustal thickness around 30km of depth, suggesting similitude
with values obtained in previous studies carried out in the Island.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 230
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Mateo, Laura(2); Lenzano, Luis(1)(2); Giambiagi, Laura(2); Calori Andrea(3); Robin, Ana(2)
(1)Instituto
IDEARN-UNCUYO
(2)IANIGLA CONICET (CCT-MENDOZA)
(3)UNCUYO-CONICET
El terremoto producido en la regin del Maule, Republica de Chile, tuvo una magnitud de 8.8M,
produciendo desplazamientos de la corteza terrestre en forma discontinua y de magnitudes
importantes.
Los desplazamientos en la variable horizontal, van de unos pocos centmetros en la regin de
la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, hasta un par de metros en la Cuidad de Concepcin, en
el sentido este oeste.
El epicentro se ubic en la latitud 35.846 S y longitud 72.719 W, a una profundidad
aproximada de 35 km.
El Centro de Procesamiento y Anlisis (CPA), dependiente de los Institutos CEDIAC
(Universidad Nacional de Cuyo) y el Departamento de Geomtica del Instituto Argentino de
Nivologa, Glaciologa y Ciencias Ambientales (CONICET), calcul las posiciones a partir de las
observaciones GPS de las estaciones GNSS existentes en la zona de estudio. Dichas estaciones
en algunos casos son pblicas y pertenecen a las REDES, RAMSAC (Argentina), SIRGAS, y la
RED GEODINMICA que est compuesta por estaciones continuas GNSS para uso cientfico,
dentro del Programa SIGMA (Sistema de Investigacin Geodinmico Monte Aconcagua)
En el procesamiento y anlisis que realiz el CPA (UNCUYO CONICET) involucra 39
estaciones distribuidas de la siguiente manera: 8 en Chile; 7 en la provincia de Mendoza
(Argentina); 18 en Argentina (excluida Mendoza); 1 en Per; 1 en Bolivia y 4 en Brasil.
El anlisis se realiz en funcin de: observaciones GPS anteriores al terremoto, velocidades de
las coordenadas de las estaciones que representaron la red y observaciones GNSS para obtener
posiciones post ssmicas. Se analizaron las tres componentes, de esta forma se pudo obtener el
comportamiento cortical de la zona analizada en las tres dimensiones.
Los resultados obtenidos, son significativos. En el plano horizontal, se observan los
desplazamientos muy marcados en la orientacin este-oeste en la regin comprendida entre las
latitudes de 30 y 41 sur y las longitudes de 73 y 58 oeste, en el plano horizontal, que van de 2
a 4 cm a 3 metros en el extremo occidental del continente.
Los movimientos verticales, son aun ms sorprendentes, y tiene una gran discontinuidad. En la
regin argentina comprendida entre las latitudes de 31 40 y 39 54y longitudes de 58 23y 69
20la regin subi un par de centmetros. En cambio en el mismo territorio argentino, uruguayo,
brasilero, comprendido entre las latitudes sur de 19 y 27 y longitudes oeste de 67 y 54
oeste, el territorio descendi en valores que van desde los 2 a 4 cm.
Sobre el extremo oriental de la cordillera de los Andes y su contacto con el Ocano pacifico,
desde la localidad de Arequipa en Per hasta la localidad de Coyaique en el extremo de Chile el
territorio descendi en valores que van desde los 2 cm hasta los 15 cm.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 231
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Analysis of the earthquake in the city of Concepcion, Chile, on February 27th 2010 and its
repercussion in the oriental region of the Central Andes, Province of Mendoza, Argentina
The earthquake at the Maule region, Chile, was of an 8.8 M. magnitude, causing discontinuous
displacements of the terrestrial crust of significant magnitudes.
Displacements in the horizontal variable vary from a few centimeters in the region of the
province of Buenos Aires in Argentina, to a couple of meters in the city of Concepcion with east -
west trend.
The epicenter was at 35.846 SLat. and 79.719 WLong. , at an approximate depth of 35 km.
The Processing and Analysis Center (CPA), that depends on the CEDIAC (Cuyo National
University) and the Geomatics Dpt. of the Argentine Institute for Snow, Ice and Environmental
Sciences Research (CONICET) calculated the positions from the GPS observations of the GNSS
stations existing in the study zone. In some cases these stations are public and belong to
REDES, RAMSAC (Argentina), SIRGAS and Geodynamic Net formed by the continuous GNSS
stations for scientific usage, within the SIGMA Program (Geodynamics Research System of Mt.
Aconcagua). The processing and analysis carried out by the CPA (UNCuyo - Conicet) involves 39
stations distributed as follows: 8 in Chile, 7 in the province of Mendoza (Argentina), 18 in
Argentina (Mendoza excluded), 1 in Peru, 1 in Bolivia and 4 in Brazil.
The analysis was performed taking into account: GPS observations from before the earthquake,
velocities of the stations coordinates representing the net and GNSS observations for obtaining
post - earthquake observations. We analyzed three components and this enabled us to obtain the
cortical behavior of the analyzed zones in the three dimensions.
Results obtained are significant. In the horizontal plane there are marked displacements
eastward - westward oriented in the region between 30 and 41 SLat. and 73 and 58 WLong,
from 2 - 4 cm to 3 meters in the occidental side of the continent.
Vertical movements are even more remarkable and they have a large discontinuity. In the
Argentine region between 32 and 40 SLat. and 58 and 69 WLong. the land went up a
couple of centimeters. Instead in the Argentine, Uruguayan and Brazilian territory comprised
between 19 and 27 SLat. , 67 and 54 WLong. the land went down in values ranging from 2
to 4 cm.
Over the oriental side of the Andes cordillera and its boundary with the Pacific Ocean, from
Arequipa, Peru, to Coyaique in the Chilean extreme the land descended in values ranging from 2
to 15 cm.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 232
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Several inversion methods can be used to solve travel time tomography problems. In this work
two procedures recently developed for the determination of convex, homogeneous and isotropic
anomalies in medium with the same two last properties, were applied to simulated data.
Homogeneity and isotropy allows simplifying wave propagation theory considering straight rays.
Sources and receivers were located according to cross-hole array; and the inclusion positioned in
random place in a twodimensional domain. On the first method (Dispersion Method, DM), a
minimal dispersion criteria was employed that led to a linear system of equations. For the second
one (Variational Method, IV), the calculus of variations was used to determine the inclusion's form
and location. The results evidenced the validity of the methods considered, relative to the
position, form and size of the anomaly, still working with data containing high noise levels. Finally,
results were confronted among the two techniques in order to establish levels of efficiency and
robustness between them. It was demonstrated that DM leads in general to more reliable results
than Variational Method; in addition to be more efficient and need less additional information prior
to the inversion process.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 233
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Study of deep seismic reflections from the crust in Central Neuquen Basin
allowed us to describe evidence of the main deep structure of the Neuqun basin for the first
time, as well as to give much insight on the inversion structures that controlled the basic
stratigraphic pattern of this huge depocenter.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 235
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Gravimetra
Anlisis preliminar de la gran sequa del ao 2009 en la provincia de Buenos Aires a partir
de datos de la misin GRACE
The goal of this paper is to analyze the potential of the GRACE satellite mission to detect and
study the major drought that occurred at the beginning of the year 2009 in the flat lands of the
pampas region in Argentina. This drought drastically affected the local economy which is the main
farming region of the country. From the hidrogeophysics point of view, the drought is detected as
a decrease of the water storage in the area affected by this event.
GRACE mission was launched in 2002 with the aim of analysing the temporal variations of the
gravity field. These gravity variations are mainly caused by variations in water storage, which can
be calculated for a period of 10 or 30 days. Height of water equivalent maps calculated every 10
days provided by the CNES/GRGS research group of space geodesy and in situ water tables
depth measurements are used in the present study.
The temporal resolution of 10 days allowed estimating the evolution of water storage with
higher precision than that obtained from the monthly data. To quantify how the water storage
decreased, we used as a reference, the year 2008 which presents a normal hydraulic behavior.
The preliminary results clearly show the decrease of the water storage during the severe drought
at the beginning of 2009 and the usefulness of GRACE data to analyze this type of phenomena.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 237
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Palabras claves: ASTER MDE, SRTM MDE, reducciones topogrficas, efectos de aliasing
Nowadays, the determination of the geoid requires the treatment of the topographic masses
through the utilization of a terrain reduction scheme. For the determination of a new high-
resolution and high-precision detailed gravimetric geoid model for Argentina using the remove-
compute-restore technique in the presence of an ultra-high degree geopotential model like
EGM2008, an investigation of the contribution of the available digital elevation models (DEMs) to
the reduction of gravity anomalies is carried out. The reduction of gravity-field quantities due to
the topography plays a crucial role in both geodetic and geophysical applications, since in
Geodesy, it is an intermediate step towards geoid prediction and in Geophysics it infers the
geology of the area under study.
The computations of the gravity reductions are carried out by employing a DEM. Errors in
these DEMs will introduce errors in the computed topographic effects, while poor spatial
resolution of the topography models will result in aliasing effects in both gravity anomalies and
geoid heights, both influencing the accuracy of the estimated solutions.
A validation and accuracy assessment of the ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal
Emission and Reflection Radiometer) and SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) DEMs
over Argentina is carried out. The validation is performed through comparisons with existing
global models. Then from the fine-resolution DEMs, coarser models of lower resolution are
derived in order to investigate terrain aliasing effects on gravity anomalies by computing terrain
effects at various spatial resolutions.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 239
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Anlisis de nuevos estndares para reducir datos de gravedad: aplicacin en Tierra del
Fuego
Palabras claves: nuevos estndares, anomalas elipsoidales, efecto indirecto geofsico, Tierra del
Fuego.
Keywords: new gravity reductions standards, ellipsoidal anomaly, indirect geophysical effect,
Tierra del Fuego.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the use of new standards and procedures for
reducing gravity data in order to improve the precision, accuracy, and usefulness of geophysical
gravity anomalies.
The new standards take into account the increased current computing power, the modern
satellite technology to determine the height and positioning of the gravity stations, the improved
topographic / bathymetric databases, and new mathematical algorithms. They are based on
internationally accepted procedures, protocols, equations and parameters, and in many cases
differ from those presented in current geophysical textbooks and existing gravity databases.
The most important change that the new standards suggest, due to the greater use of Global
Positioning System (GPS) for field gravimetric work, is the use of terrestrial reference ellipsoid
adopted internationally to define the vertical datum. The anomalies calculated with the new
standards should be modified by the adjective "ellipsoidal" to differentiate them from the
anomalies calculated by conventional elevations referred to the geoid.
Gravity reductions, following the traditional and new recommendations and standards were
calculated in the province of Tierra del Fuego. We used digital elevation models and geopotential
models to assess the effectiveness of its use in gravity reductions.
The land gravimetric data were integrated with free air anomalies derived from satellite altimetry
in the sea, in order to compute an ellipsoidal isostatic anomaly map.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 241
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
We compare grids from different altimetry-derived global gravity anomaly datasets with marine
gravity anomalies from cruises in the Argentine margin and adjacent oceanic areas. The main
objectives of this study are:
1) Determine if there are significant differences between these data sources, particularly in areas
close to the coast where there are steep horizontal gravity gradients as over the continental
slope. Identify and delimit those areas.
2) Analyze the information of ship-borne data from different campaigns carried out in different
epochs and organize them in a common database, as a first step of a compilation process in
which improved versions with new corrections will be created.
3) Investigate which grid from satellite altimetry-derived gravity anomalies presents the optimal fit
to the marine data compilation in order to find the one to recommend for use in subsequent
applications.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 242
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Volcanologa
Regmenes eruptivos contrastantes: Una aproximacin probabilstica simple
En este trabajo se evaluaron estadsticamente dos volcanes activos de la cordillera de los Andes,
Llaima y Peteroa, con el objetivo de determinar comparativamente sus regmenes eruptivos. El
Llaima es un estratovolcn situado ntegramente en Chile (38,69S; 71,73W; 3.125 msnm), a
35km de la frontera con la Argentina. Desde el ao 1852 se registraron 51 erupciones. Las
erupciones de 2008 provocaron cada de cenizas en Zapala y la suspensin de vuelos en el
aeropuerto de Neuqun. El Peteroa es un estratovolcn ubicado en la frontera argentino-chilena
(35,25S; 70,57W; 4.107 msnm). La serie histrica del Peteroa, iniciada en 1751 seala 18
erupciones. La erupcin del ao 1991 provoc cada de cenizas y preocupacin entre los
habitantes de la vecina localidad de Malarge.
Para la comparacin, se evaluaron las respectivas series histricas de actividad volcnica,
estimando los perodos de reposo entre erupciones mediante tres modelos: el Exponencial,
Weibull y MOED (Mixture Of Exponential Distributions). Este ltimo permite ajustar una funcin
flexible de un modo similar a la Weibull, pero los parmetros de distribucin pueden ser
estimados ms fcil y directamente a partir del nmero de erupciones y los perodos de reposo.
El ajuste de cada modelo fue evaluado mediante una prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Para el
volcn Llaima los tres modelos ajustaron satisfactoriamente, aunque el mejor desempeo global
lo mostr el modelo Exponencial, sugiriendo que el volcn posee un rgimen eruptivo
estacionario. En el caso del Peteroa, la prueba de bondad de ajuste indica que el MOED explica
la distribucin observada, mientras que las distribuciones Weibull y Exponencial, no lo hacen.
Esto indica un rgimen no estacionario para el volcn Peteroa.
Los mtodos estadsticos aplicados brindan una herramienta objetiva para definir el rgimen de
los volcanes.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 243
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Two active volcanoes in the Andes, Llaima and Peteroa are statistically assessed to determine
comparatively their eruptive regimes. The Llaima is a stratovolcano located within Chile (38.69
S, 71.73 W, 3,125 m.a.s.l.), 35 km from the border with Argentina. The eruptive history records
51 eruptions at Llaima Volcano since 1852. The eruptions of 2008 caused ashfall in Zapala and
flight cancellations at the Neuqun airport. The Peteroa is a stratovolcano located on the border
between Argentina and Chile (35.25 S, 70.57 W, 4,107 m.a.s.l.). Peteroas historical eruptive
time series began in 1751 and records 18 occurrences. The 1991 eruption caused ashfall and
concern among the inhabitants of the nearby town of Malargue.
For the comparison, the two historical eruptive time series were evaluated by estimating repose
time sequences between eruptions through three models: Exponential, Weibull and MOED
(Mixture Of Exponential Distributions). The latter allows setting a flexible function similar to the
Weibull model but the distribution parameters can be more easily and directly estimated from the
number of eruptions and periods of rest. The fit of each model was assessed by the Kolmogorov-
Smirnov test. For the Llaima Volcano the three models fitted satisfactorily, although the
Exponential distribution showed the best overall performance, suggesting that the volcano has a
stationary eruption regime. In the case of the Peteroa, the goodness of the fit test shows that
MOED model explains the observed distribution, while the Weibull and Exponential distributions
do not. This indicates a non-stationary eruptive regime for Peteroa Volcano.
Applied statistical methods provide an objective tool to determine the eruptive regimes of
volcanoes.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 244
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Buenos Aires.
2 Departamento de Ciencias Geolgicas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA
In the present paper new geochemical data from Serra Geral basalts of Misiones Province are
shown. These data are complementary of those previously published for the Large Igneous
Province (LIP) Paran-Etendeka-Angola (PEA). The volcanic rocks from Misiones are tholeitic of
high- and low-Ti varieties; the coexistence of both types in the present sampling, agrees with the
fact that this area belongs to the central and southern regions of the Paran Magmatic Province.
Paranapanema, Ribeira, Gramado, Pitanga and Urubici varieties were recognized, being the
former the most abundant in the collected rocks. Urubici type sample, from San Ignacio area, is
the most occidental expression of this variety at this latitude. Chemical data point out that those
magmas of high- and low-Ti were originated from different sources, and evolved through
fractional crystallization under low pressures conditions, involving significant crustal
contamination only in Gramado magma type.
Heterogeneity in the magma, on small and large scales, is in agreement with a subcontinental
lithospheric mantle source, where no elements from the called plume Tristan had been
recognized. Geochemical data of tholeiites from Misiones and from the whole PEA LIP point out
that previous subduction processes (i.e. Transamazonian, Grenvillian and Brasiliano Precambrian
Events) must have affected the mantle source of the Cretaceous magmas. The great hotness
involved in mantle melting might correspond to a thermal blanketing caused by an ancient
supercontinent as Pangea. The location of the main melting zone must have been determined by
the effects of the hot uprising limb of a possible large scale convection that affected zones of
cortical fragility (sutures between former cratones).
On the other hand, volcanism of the sierra Chica de Crdoba (SCC), pratically coeval with that
of the GPI PEA, is alkaline of high-Ti and display a peripheral location in relation with the great
caloric energy mentioned above. This is consistent with the involved lower melting degrees of the
volcanism of SCC respect to those of PEA LIP. Melting could have been triggered by a small
scale process called edge-driven convection because of the thickness contrast between Rio de la
Plata Craton and Pampia terrane.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 246
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Buenos Aires.
El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar un modelo geodinmico coherente con datos
geoqumicos de litologas correspondientes a dos procesos volcnicos que ocurrieron
prcticamente durante el mismo tiempo geolgico en Crdoba y en Misiones (Argentina). En este
modelo se considera lo que actualmente se conoce de los procesos de conveccin que ocurren
en el manto terrestre. Se sugiere que el volcanismo alcalino cretcico de Crdoba se gener
fundamentalmente a travs de la conveccin conducida por borde entre el cratn del Ro de La
Plata y el terreno Pampia o la antigua faja mvil (zona de sutura) que separa a ambos. Por otra
parte, se considera que el origen de los basaltos toleticos de la Gran Provincia gnea de Paran
y su contraparte africana estuvo controlado por conveccin lateral de gran escala inducida por
subduccin, incentivada, a su vez, por la energa calrica entrampada por el supercontinente
Pangea. Se sugiere, adems, que la denominada pluma Tristn fue en realidad un conducto de
escape de magma para evacuar la energa calrica entrampada por este supercontinente y que
este conducto estara condicionado por factores litosfricos y no correspondera a una pluma
generada por una discontinuidad trmica en el lmite manto-ncleo. Este conducto pudo haber
servido de gua para que corrientes profundas transportaran a la superficie elementos qumicos
llevados a zonas profundas del manto por antiguas losas subducidas. Se sugiere que los
procesos de conveccin en el manto estaran condicionados por la arquitectura y la dinmica de
la litosfera.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 247
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Geodynamic model of the processes that generated the cretaceous volcanism of Cordoba
and the Large Igneous Province of Parana, including the origin and evolution of the
"plume" named Tristn
The aim of this paper is to present a geodynamic model coherent with geochemical data from
the lithologies that belong to two volcanic processes that occurred practically during the same
geological time in Crdoba and in Misiones (Argentina). In this model it is considered what
nowadays one knows of the processes of convection that happen in the terrestrial mantle. It is
suggested that the alkaline cretaceous volcanism of Crdoba was generated fundamentally by
edge driven convection between the craton of Ro de La Plata and the terrane Pampia or the
ancient mobile belt (suture zone) that separates both. On the other hand it is considered that the
origin of the tolheitic basalts of the Great Igneous Province of Paran and its African counterpart
was controlled by lateral convection of great scale induced by subduction, stimulated, also, by the
caloric energy insulated by the supercontient Pangea. It is suggested, in addition, that the plume
called Tristn was actually a conduit of magma outpouring to evacuate the caloric energy
insulated by this supercontinent. This conduit would be determined by lithosferic factors and
would not correspond to a plume generated by a thermal discontinuity at the core-mantle
boundary. This conduit could have being used as a guide for deep currents that transported to the
surface chemical elements previously carried to deep zones of the mantle for former subducted
slabs. It is suggested that the processes of convection in the mantle would be determined by the
architecture and the dynamics of the lithosphere.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 248
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Nstor Zirulnikoff
Instituto Provincial para la Administracin Pblica, Provincia de Buenos Aires
geoespacio@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The incipient development reached by Argentina with its geospatial data infrastructure, according
international recommendations, propitious a quality improvement in the cartographical production
of the country. With the sanctioned of the Charter Act, in the year 1941, the technological offer of
the present was a chimera. The legislation was conceived by international and local policy needs,
bringing together legal background with the scientific and technological acquis accumulated since
1879. With that mark national mapping incorporated to the collective imaginary a territorial logo of
the Argentine Republic, with crucial influence on cultural identity. The advent and spread of ICTs
(Information Technology and Communications) offers innovative methods to produce maps, with
significant effects on the GI (geographic information) available, usable and approved, also
causing dilemmas, questions and even controversy, over their strengths and weaknesses. Does
the notion of scale is the same for print and digital products? Today is modeled topography as in
the past? Does the usual cartographic generalization is a practice akin to instrumental facilities
and accuracy available today? Representing the ubiquity of field data is limited to the rules of the
twentieth century? The digital paradigm requires the reformulation and adaptation of the Charter
Act, with its postulates, to the XXI Century bias. The secular map evolution addresses and
exposes to its consideration, clearing some questions.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 249
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Ana Maria Pacheco1, Ricardo Podest1, Han Yanben2, Eloy Actis1, Yin Zhi Qiang2,
Liu Weidong2, Huang Dongpin2 , Wang Rui2 & Ester Alonso1
Durante los primeros meses del ao 2006 fue instalado un Satellite Laser Ranging System
(SLR) en el Observatorio Astronmico Flix Aguilar de San Juan (OAFA), de acuerdo a un
Convenio de Cooperacin Internacional entre la Universidad Nacional de San Juan y la
Academia China de Ciencias. El International Laser Ranging System (ILRS) le otorg a la
estacin del OAFA el cdigo de identificacin 7406 dentro de una red global con casi 80
observatorios.
El sistema SLR emplea potentes pulsos de luz lser (532 nanmetros) para iluminar satlites
artificiales provistos de espejos retrorreflectores, midiendo sus distancias para derivar estudios
astronmicos, geodsicos y geofsicos.
En este trabajo se muestra la instalacin del telescopio, las observaciones realizadas hasta el
presente y los futuros proyectos para la estacin.
San Juan es la primera estacin SLR fija en Sudamrica. En los pocos aos que lleva
trabajando ha aportado a la comunidad cientfica mundial valiosos datos, convirtindose en una
de las primeras estaciones lderes de la red mundial ILRS. Esto es debido a un serio trabajo por
parte del equipo de cientficos chinos y argentinos, a la alta calidad instrumental y al excelente
cielo sanjuanino.
Para un futuro prximo se renovarn partes importantes del hardware y del software que
permitirn el rastreo continuo diurno y nocturno a los satlites, aumentando tambin el nmero
de pulsos emitidos por el telescopio al orden de los kilohertz. Adems se llevar cabo la
instalacin de una estacin permanente GPS con el objeto de Co-localizarla con el SLR y
obtener un punto ITRF de primer orden.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 250
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
During the first months of the year 2006 was installed a Satellite Laser Ranging System (SLR)
in the Astronomical Observatory "Flix Aguilar" of San Juan (OAFA), thanks to an Agreement of
International Cooperation between the San Juan National University and the Chinese Academy of
Sciences. The International Laser Ranging System (ILRS) gave to the station of the OAFA the
identification code 7406 in a global network with almost 80 observatories.
The system SLR uses powerful pulses of light laser (532 nanometers) to illuminate artificial
satellites provided with retro-reflectors mirrors, measuring distances to derive astronomic,
geodesic and geophysical studies.
In this work we present the installation of the telescope, the observations realized until the
present and the future projects for the station.
San Juan is the first fixed SLR station in South America. In a few years working had contributed
to the scientific world community with valuable information, turning into one of the lider stations of
the world network ILRS. This is due to a serious work on the part of the equipment of Chinese
and Argentine scientists, to the high instrumental quality and to the excellent San Juan sky.
For a near future will be renewed important parts of the hardware and of the software that will
allow the constant diurnal and night tracking the satellites, increasing also the number of pulses
issued by the telescope to the order of the kilohertz. In addition will set up a permanent station
GPS in order to Colocalization with the SLR and to obtain a first order point ITRF.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 251
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
El presente trabajo muestra los resultados obtenidos del estudio de las precisiones que
pueden ser obtenidas a partir de las correcciones diferenciales recibidas en un receptor GNSS
va el protocolo NTRIP provenientes de las estaciones RAMSAC.
En funcin de los resultados obtenidos, el IGN se plante la necesidad de generar un Proyecto
de implementacin de esta tecnologa en Argentina a travs de las estaciones GNSS de
RAMSAC.
Gracias a la densificacin de estaciones permanentes a lo largo del territorio nacional y a la
mejora en la infraestructura de comunicaciones, se puede comenzar a brindar el servicio NTRIP
en algunas regiones de la Repblica Argentina. La ventaja del mismo frente al convencional
RTK, radica en que no es necesario utilizar radios UHF, lo que ofrece dos grandes beneficios:
menores costos y distancias ms largas manteniendo un rango definido de precisin.
Para evaluar los resultados de la metodologa a emplear, se realiz un trabajo de medicin de
campo para poder estudiar y comparar los resultados de esta nueva tcnica frente a los mtodos
cinemtico y esttico.
Se utilizaron como base dos estaciones permanentes GNSS y como mviles, receptores
tambin GNSS de simple y doble frecuencia. El trabajo se centr en la definicin de una serie de
puntos ubicados a diferentes distancias de las estaciones permanentes y de esa manera
determinar sus coordenadas con la ms alta precisin posible. Posteriormente, se llev a cabo
la medicin RTK sobre la misma serie de puntos, utilizando el sistema NTRIP. La transmisin de
las correcciones se realiz a travs de Internet y con la utilizacin de un celular con tecnologa
GSM que reciba las correcciones y las enva al receptor a travs del protocolo Bluetooth.
En segundo lugar, se realiz un recorrido en un vehculo con un receptor doble frecuencia
montado sobre el automvil. El receptor registr datos en forma cinemtica y RTK al mismo
tiempo.
Finalmente se realizaron los clculos y comparaciones entre los distintos mtodos que se
exponen en el presente trabajo.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 252
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Precise positioning in Argentina through the RAMSAC GNSS network and the NTRIP
protocol
This paper presents the results of an evaluation of the accuracy that can be obtained from the
differential corrections received in a GNSS receiver via the protocol NTRIP from RAMSAC
stations.
Depending on the results, IGN raised the need to generate a project of implementation of this
technology in Argentina through RAMSAC GNSS stations.
Due to the densification of permanent stations along the national territory and the improvements
in communication infrastructure, we can begin to provide NTRIP service in some regions of
Argentina. The benefit of using this method instead of the conventional RTK, is that there is no
need to use UHF radios, which offers two major advantages: low cost and longer distances, while
maintaining a defined range of accuracy.
To evaluate the results of the methodology, a field work was performed in order to look out and
compare results of this new technique with the kinematic and static methods.
Two permanent GNSS stations were used as base, and a single and a dual frequency GNSS
receiver were used as rover. The work focused on defining a set of points located at different
distances from the permanent stations in order to determine its coordinates with the highest
possible accuracy. Subsequently, the RTK measurements were performed on the same number
of points, using the system NTRIP. The transmission of the correction was made through Internet,
the corrections were received using a GSM cell phone and retransmitted to the receiver via the
Bluetooth protocol.
Afterward, a dual-frequency receiver was mounted on a car. The receiver recorded kinematic
and RTK data at the same time.
Finally, calculations and comparisons between different methods were made, in order to
conclude about the accuracy that offers NTRIP.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 253
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
RESUMEN
"Trabajos para el diseo de redes GNSS con fines cientficos y profesionales: el caso de
un servicio de posicionamiento diferencial para Crdoba (Argentina) y contraste con la
tcnica Precise Point Positioning."
1
Universidad Nacional de Crdoba (Argentina).
2
Dep. Ingeniera Cartogrfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametra. Universidad Politcnica de Valencia
(Espaa).
Conclusiones.
Hay una importante mejora en las precisiones al utilizar la solucin de base simple con
una numerosa constelacin, es decir, utilizando el conjunto GPS+GLONASS, frente a la solucin
con base simple y slo la constelacin GPS.
Con la tcnica de solucin de Red RTK-VRS se obtienen resultados menos dispersivos,
con errores medios de 2 cm.(X), 2 cm.(Y) y 4 cm. (h) con una fiabilidad del 95%. El anlisis se ha
efectuado en un rango de distancia de 30-40 km entre la base (VCIA) y el receptor, en la que hay
que trabajar con Solucin de Red RTK ya que se est fuera del lmite para trabajar en base
simple (con una sola estacin) con garantas, a no ser que tengamos una buena constelacin
GPS o GPS+GLONASS.
La tcnica PPP, es una tcnica de futuro que todava no ha alcanzado su mximo
potencial, ya que la prctica fue llevada a cabo con observaciones de tres horas que ponen de
manifiesto que para periodos de observacin escasos, es importante aprovechar todos los
sistemas GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, etc.) disponibles.
Resmenes XXV REUNIN CIENTFICA 255
Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas
2-5 de noviembre 2010, Crdoba, Argentina
Acta de Resmenes XXV Reunin Cientfica / compilado por Claudia Prezzi ; Mara
Andrea Van Zele ; Haroldo Vizn. - 1a ed. - Buenos Aires : Asociacin Argentina
de Geofsicos y Geodestas; Asociacin Argentina de Geofsicos y Geodestas,
2011.
Internet.
ISBN 978-987-25291-2-3
1. Geofsica. 2. Geodesia. 3. Actas de Congresos. I. Prezzi, Claudia, comp. II. Van
Zele, Mara Andrea , comp. III. Vizn, Haroldo, comp.
CDD 550