Project 2: Application of Building Services

BUILDING SERVICES | BLD60903 / ARC 2423

BUILDING SERVICES DIARY

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
SEWERAGE AND SANITARY SYSTEM
RAINWATER/SURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

PREPARED BY:
BENJAMIN TAN ZI HERN | 0324857

TUTOR:
MR. AZIM
TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Introduction to Project

2. Water Supply
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Component of System
2.3 Operation of System
2.4 Rules, regulation and system

3. Electrical Supply
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Components and Operation of System
3.3 Equipment and Fitting
3.4 Rules, regulation and system

4. Sewerage and Sanitary System

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Components and Operation of System
4.3 Rules, regulation and system

5. Rainwater / Surface Water Drainage System

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Components and Operation of System
5.3 Equipment and Fitting

6. Conclusion

7. References
Introduction of Project

In this assignment, I am required to use my own design scheme from Semester 4

Design Studio project which is Alternative Education Program School, to perform a
study and analysis of the following services system and apply them in the school :

a. Electrical Supply System

b. Cold Water and Hot Water Supply System
c. Sewerage and Sanitary System
d. Rainwater/ surface water System

This assignment required drawings which are produced into a computer aided
drawing with annotations which describe the planning of all building services listed.
All systems proposed must refer to specific clauses from the Uniform Building
By-Law (UBBL) or other relevant Acts, Laws or guidelines .
2.0 Water Supply System
2.1 Introduction

In Malaysia, Jabatan Bekalan Air (JBA) distributes water throughout the whole
country and in each state, water is received and supplied by private company. The
major private corporation that received the water supply from JBA is SYABAS.
SYABAS then distribute water which has been processed and treated for household
and commercial use. Treated water plays an important role in a school for activities
such as cleansing, washing, and plumbing. Thus, an appropriate system must be
deployed to support the supplies of water into the building. As for my design scheme,
the water tank is located at the second floor of the canteen and washroom. Water
from the source is pumped to the reservoir by using a pumped distribution system.
From there, it uses gravity distribution system to transport water to houses and
school.

2.2 Components of system

 2.3 Operation of system

In the school, the water are carried into the building by two types of distribution
system. In which direct water system is used for wet kitchen, as for washroom and
other areas, indirect system helps carrying water for common use.

Water from main source are distributed directly from water meter to gate valve and
kitchen through PVC pipe. Meanwhile indirect system works in a way that water from
reservoir goes to the overhead tank and distributed to different area by gravity. The
presence of a water tank benefits in a way that the water supply will not be disrupted
in the event of failure at the main supply. From main source entering water tank, and
then the distribution to different room in a building, the water pressure are lowered
thus can reduce the tendency of pipe bursting.

Cold water from main tank goes into stainless steel heater tank in order to get heat
up. As the water are heated, it rises to the top of the tank and exit the water heater
through heat-out pipe which located at the top wall of the tank. Different from cold
water, hot water are carried around the building in copper pipe.

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM BY LAW

MALAYSIA UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAW

UBBL SECTION 84: DAMPNESS

Suitable measures shall be taken to prevent the penetration of dampness and moisture into
the building.

UBBL SECTION 89: CHASE

A chase made in a wall for pipes and other services facilities shall leave the wall at the back
of the chase not less than 100mm thick in the external walls and not less than 100mm thick in
a party wall, and shall not be wider than 200mm.

UBBL SECTION 123: PIPES AND SERVICE DUCTS

Allows adequate space for the accommodation of the pipes, cables or conducts and for the
crossing of branches of mains together with support and fixings.

REASONING
Valves are strategically place at points before the outlet for the ease to repair or inspections
in case of damage.
3.0 Electrical Supply System
3.1 Introduction
Tenaga Nasional Berhad is the largest electricity utility and a leading utility company
in Asia. It has been keeping the lights on in Malaysia since 1949 through various
kind of sources such as hydro powered, natural gas, coal, solar power and etc.

Diagram above shows how the electrical power reach consumer from the main generator.

3.2 Components and Operation of Electrical System

From Substation, feeder pillar controls and carries electricity to individual building.
Whether the electrical system is a single phase or three phase system, they will
consist of incoming fuses, TNB meter and consumer box at last the wiring. Incoming
fuses are designed to terminate the supply of electricity bt the main cable when an
overload of current runs through it. From the service fuses, the electricity is carried to
TNB meter to measure the usages in unit Kilowatt. The consumer box houses a
main isolating switch which control the whole supply, a residual current device, an
earth connection block, single or double neutral connection blocks and also a
miniature circuit breaker which has the same function as the incoming fuse. From the
consumer box, electricity are carried through wiring to lighting switches and socket
outlet. Diameter and rating of wire used must be chosen based on the load
requirement. In the school, the wire carries electricity mainly for lights and ceiling
fans, thus wire with 10 amperes capacity can be used.
 3.3 Equipments and Fittings

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM BY LAW

Electricity Supply Act 1997 (ACT-477) PU(A) 38/94 Electricity Regulations 1994

REGULATION 15: Apparatus, conductor, accessory etc

Any apparatus, conductor or accessory for the purpose of connection installation shall be
sufficient in size, power and number to serve the purpose for which it is intended and shall be
constructed, installed, arranged, protected, worked and maintained in such a manner to
prevent danger.

REGULATION 16: Switch, switch fuse, fuse switch, circuit breaker, contractor, fuse, etc
Fuse and circuit breaker are arranged in such a manner as to break the current when it
exceeds a given value of sufficient time to prevent danger as well as to prevent danger of
over heating.

REASONING
Some bigger houses require a higher voltage of electricity, thus the size of the wires are
increased to channel more power.
4.0 Sewerage and Sanitary System
4.1 Introduction

Sewage (also know as wastewater) is defined as the used water and waste
substances produced by human bodies that are carried away from houses and
factories through special pipes. It encompasss potential contaminants that are
harmful to living organisms such as feces and urine, rubbish and chemical wastes
from estates. It is then disposed of from different sources through underground
conduits and drains. Wastewater is cleaned and treated with natural process in
sewerage system before discharging into river. There are two types of sewage
treatment method, individual and communal.

Septic tank is used for individual treatment, the system is constructed underground
and provide partial treatment, Raw sewage flows into septic tanks and solid or
sludge sink to the bottom, grease floats to the top which called scum. Scum can stop
oxygen from dissolving the sewage thus desludging need to be carry out to ensure
the system to function efficiently.

In a communal treatment method, sewage treatment plants is connected via an

underground network of sewer pipes, pump station, sewage treatment plant and
sludge treatment facilities that treat the sewage before discharge it.

Image above shows the sanitary and sewage system from a house.
4.2 Component and Operation of system

Sanitary components found in washroom such as floor traps, gully trap, grease trap
and etc allow users to dispose excreta and urine into the sewage system. Firstly,
basins are connected to the S trap to prevent sewer gases from entering the
buildings. This trap are located below the basin and retains small amount of water to
creates a water which stop soul gases from flowing back. Wastewater runs down
from basin to S trap and to floor trap, which are placed inside the washroom as well.
The function of the floor trap is to drain the room and collect wastewater.

Every floor traps are connected to a gully trap that constructed outside the building.
Gully traps used to carry wastewater and connect to nearest building drain or sewer.
Meanwhile in the kitchen, the process is similar to toilets. The only difference is the
wastewater need to pass through grease trap before enter floor trap. This is to filter
out the grease from being carry together with the wastewater. The grease trap work
in a way that the cool grease will harden and float to the top of trap, thus , the rest of
wastewater will flow out of the trap and goes into gully trap. Meanwhile, wastewater
from water closet are directly removed into manhole.

The main function of a manhole is to provide access to sewer for maintenance of

equipment in underground. A vent pipe is needed in this system as to ensure the
water carried smoothly and carry odour out of the building. In the last step of this
process, wastewater will goes to Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) for further process.
 SEWERAGE SYSTEM BY LAW
Laws of Malaysia Act 133 Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974

SECTION 56: Rainwater pipes not to be used as soil pipes

No pipe used for the carrying of rainwater from any roof shall be used for the purpose of
carrying off the soil or drainage from any privy or water closet / any sewage water.

SECTION 57: Water pipes not to be used as ventilating shafts

No water pipe, stack pipe or downspout used for conveying surface water from any premises
shall be used or be permitted to serve or to act as a ventilating shaft for any drain or sewer.

SECTION 61: Ventilating pipes to sewers

The local authority may erect or fix to any buildings such as pipes as are necessary for the
proper ventilation of the drains and sewers belonging to it.

REASONING
Specific pipes that differentiate their functions such as waste pipe, soil pipe and ventilating
shaft is used to ensure the efficiency and sanitary of the building.
5.0 Stormwater and Drainage System
5.1 Introduction

Excess rainwater and surface water congregate for long period on hard surface of
building can cause erosion of building materials and overloading of structure. It also
can cause slippery on walking surface which may result in accidents. Hence, a
stormwater and drainage systems are important to help the building to sustain by
removing the water in a proper method.

5.2 Component and Operation of System

Schematic diagram above shows the stormwater system installed for a classroom.

Rainwater flows down the pitch roof and enter the upvc gutter installed around the
perimeter of roof. A gutter diverts and removes the rainwater from the roof in order to
reduce the load and also reduce the chance of leakage in the room below. The water
in gutter will flows and removed through the downpipe. For this to happen, the gutter
are installed with a gradient and rainwater downpipe are installed at the lower end
of the gutter.

Rainwater downpipe directly transfer from roof to ground and divert it away from
congregate on the building foundation. Next, perimeter drain are essential in this
system to carries the rainwater from the downpipe into a sump for collection and
then discharge into a separate subsoil pipe. From the subsoil pipe, the water will
either carries into manhole or public monsoon drain.
 5.3 Equipments and Fittings

RAINWATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM BY LAW

Laws of Malaysia Act 133 Street, Drainage, and Building Act 1974

SECTION 56: Rainwater pipes not to be used as soil pipes

No pipe used for the carrying of rainwater from any roof shall be used for the purpose of
carrying off the soil or drainage from any privy or water closet / any sewage water.

SECTION 57: Water pipes not to be used as ventilating shafts

No water pipe, stack pipe or downspout used for conveying surface water from any premises
shall be used or be permitted to serve or to act as a ventilating shaft for any drain or sewer.

SECTION 115
All roof of buildings shall be constructed as to drain effectively to suitable and sufficient
channels, gutters, shuts or troughs which shall be provided in accordance with the
requirements of these by-laws for receiving and conveying all water which may fall and from
the roof.

REASONING
Drainage system require constant inspection and maintenance to fix damages caused by
water to ensure user comfort, pipes are specifically used according to the needs and function
to ensure efficiency and hygienic condition.
Conclusion

Throughout this assignment, I have gained knowledge about the importance of

providing proper building services and facilities in maintaining the comfort and safety
of the occupants. Besides, it is also very important to ensure that the service system
installed comply with the UBBL. Despite having flaws, each system must functions
suitably to suit the purpose of the different spaces of a building.
Reference

Sump. (2017, June 23). Retrieved July 01, 2017, from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sump

P. (n.d.). Drawings. Retrieved July 03, 2017, from

https://www.pub.gov.sg/drainage/appendicesanddrawings

Plumbing FAQ. (n.d.). Retrieved July 04, 2017, from

http://www.aceplumbing.com/plumbing-faq/what_is_the_purpose_of_a_p-trap

X. (n.d.). Power Supply from Generation to End-Use Customer. Retrieved July 4, 2017, from
http://elec-bl0g.blogspot.my/2016/08/power-supply-from-generation-to-end-use.html

Manhole Sizing Guidelines. (n.d.). Retrieved July 04, 2017, from

http://oceanpipe.com/manhole-sizing-guidelines

Lecture Slides