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Abstract This study analyses forearm muscle contractions that generate one EMG measurement with a third electrode being a
occur during movements of individual fingers. An amplitude ground reference. The electrodes are placed on the belly of the
threshold is implemented on the multiplied backwards difference flexor carpi radialis, the belly of the palmaris longus, and,
(MOBD) of the signal to determine when a muscle contraction lastly, to the area slightly proximal of the olecranon, serving
occurs, and is followed by a windowed variance threshold of the
as a driven ground. Signal conditioning is performed by
MOBD to determine which finger contracted. The purpose is to
create a low-cost, computationally efficient method to determine differentially amplifying the electrodes by a gain of 50. Prior
specific finger contractions from the forearm. This method was to digitization, the signal is high pass filter at 7 Hz and notch
able to differentiate the ring finger from the other fingers, which filtered at 60 Hz. Data is sampled at a rate of 250 Hz.
in comparison had a variance approximately ten times higher.
B. Finger Discrimination Algorithm
I. INTRODUCTION With a digitized signal, an algorithm is proposed for the
Approximately 250,000 Americans have a spinal cord detection of muscle activation and discrimination of
injury, with 12,000 new injuries occurring each year. contracting finger. First, a multiplication of backward
Therefore, there is a growing need for assisting these patients, differences (MOBD) algorithm is applied by differencing
specifically those with paraplegia. A common method for sampled data as follows:
increasing the quality of life of individuals with paraplegia is
the power wheelchair. However, a joystick, which is one of [] = [] [ 1]
the few readily available mechanisms of control, may not be
feasible for individuals with limited arm mobility due to a where u is the input samples and n is the sample number. If
reduced range of motion. Many proposed electromyogram u[n] and u[n-1] have differing signs, the resultant value of the
(EMG) based control methods distinguish between different difference, x[n], is defined as 0. Next, backward differences,
contractions including activation site, pattern, and amplitude x[n], are multiplied based on a MOBD order of N=2
leverage complex algorithms[1] and multiple electrodes[2],
1
the latter two of which make these methods more costly and
intrusive on the user. A new method is presented that utilizes [] = [ ]
one differential measurement combined with a multiplication =0
of backward differences (MOBD) algorithm based upon work
by Suppappola [3] to simplify hardware and software design. Any threshold exceedance of y[n] is defined as an
activation, where the threshold is heuristically set at 0.01V.
Due to the random signal fluctuations, an activation threshold
crossing is maintained for R samples subsequent.
Experimentally, this was defined as 100 samples (or 2/5ths of
a second).
0.5
0.8
Index
0
0.7 Middle
Ring
Pinky
-0.5 0.6