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Wavefront method
Static condensation
Example
Reading assignment: Section 8.2.1
5 4 1 0 u1 0
4 6 4 1 u2 1
=
1 4 6 4 u3 0
0 1 4 5 u4 0
Lets perform Gauss elimination on this system.
Step 1: Add/subtract multiples of row 1 to the other rows to obtain:
5 4 1 0 u1 0
14
0
5 16
5 1 u2
1
=
0 16 29
4 u3 0
5 5
0 1 4 5 u4 0
We used 5u1 4u2 + u3 = 0 to eliminate u1 from the second and third equations.
Step 2: Add/subtract multiples of row 2 to rows 3 and 4 to obtain:
5 4 1 0 u1 0
0 14 16 1 u2 1
5 5
= 8
15
0 0
7 20
7 u3
7
20 65 5
0 0 7 14 u 4 14
1
Lecture 13 Physical Explanation of Gauss Elimination 2.092/2.093, Fall 09
Step 3: Add/subtract multiples of row 3 to row 4 to obtain:
5 4 1 0 u1 0
0 14 16 1 u2
1
5 5
= 8
15
0 0
7 20
7 u3
7
5 7
0 0 0 6 u4 16
We have performed factorization/triangularization of the stiness matrix K, and the forward reduction of
R. u4 , u3 , u2 , u1 can now be found in this order by performing the back-substitution.
2
Lecture 13 Physical Explanation of Gauss Elimination 2.092/2.093, Fall 09
Step 1: Remove clamp 1 and repeat the experiment on the same physical beam:
14
5 16
5 1
16
5
29
5 4
1 4 5
Step 2: Remove clamp 2.
15
7 20
7
20
7
65
14
3
Lecture 13 Physical Explanation of Gauss Elimination 2.092/2.093, Fall 09
5
6
We note that the dials measure the stiness after each step of Gauss elimination. Each step of Gauss
elimination corresponds to the removal of a clamp.
Applications
I. Static condensation
0 0 0 0
0 m 0 0
M =
0 0 m 0
0 0 0 0
For this system, we can work with the 2 2 matrix K instead of the full 4 4 K. See lecture notes
on dynamic analysis for details on static condensation.
II. Substructuring/Super-element techniques (2D)
4
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