CHAPTER 2

CHANNELS
CONFIGURATION

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 :

SDCCH , PCH .
` :` Channel Consept
GSM TDMA ) (
( Air Intf.) UM UL DL
.
.
:
MS BTS
.
UL DL Air Interface :

Uplink UL MS-BTS
890 - 915 MHz )P-GSM900 (primary band
880 - 915 MHz )E-GSM900 (extended band
1710 - 1785 MHz DCS1800
876 - 880 MHz )GSM-R ( >=BR 3.6
1850 - 1910 MHz )PCS1900 ( >=BR 3.6
Downlink DL BTS-MS
935 - 960 MHz )P-GSM900 (primary band
925 - 960 MHz )E-GSM900 (extended band
1805 - 1880 MHz DCS1800
921 - 925 MHz )GSM-R ( BR 3.6
1930 - 1990 MHz )PCS1900 ( BR 3.6

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 :
. TDMA
:
MS BTS
.
:`Burst`
TDMA ( TS)
.

Note: the duration of a time slot is 577 _s according to the definition. These 577 _s are not
given in descriptions of the transmit power of a burst and often irritate readers of literature
on GSM. The time domain of 542.8 _s shown in fig. 8 and 9 (corresponding with 147 bit,
also known as useful part) is the range where transmit power is required at a constant
power level almost as a information transmission platform. Together with the time ranges
from the flanks (increase/decrease of power) of a maximum of 28 _s each this gives 598.8 _s
and is thus slightly longer than the duration of the accompanying time slot. The two 28 _s
are however only time maximum limits for the flanks and interference from burst of
successive time slots.
They are reliable when the power is appropriately low so the duration of the technically
realized burst coincides with the defined duration of a time slot in the 1st approach.

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With base stations the dynamic range is 70 dB, with low power (mobile phone: 2.5 W) 36
dB. The set tolerance masks for transmitting a burst from a BTSE are shown in the following
diagram.

Tolerance masks of the TDMA burst

:
.
: ` Normal Burst `
.

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The normal burst contains :
_ 2 x 3 bits as tail bits (TB);
_ 2 x 57 encrypted data bits which carry the actual information
_ 2 x 1 bit as a "stealing flag" which tell the receiver that data transmission is being
interrupted briefly and signaling data is being transmitted instead of useful data (or
vice versa).
_ 26 bits for synchronizing and problem detection (training sequence) which allow
both the BS and the MS to synchronize themselves to a burst and allocate the
data bits exactly. Distorted or incomplete received signals can thus be reconstructed.

:`Frequency Correction Burst`

.
( ) .

: ` S ynchronization Burst `
(Long Training
BTS TDMA (Frame Number) sequence)
. ( BSIC)

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 `:` Access Burst
Handover . GuardPeriod
) (Timing Advanced .

` : ` Dummy Burst
.

: TDMA Frame
TDMA TDMA 4.615 ms .

26 TDMA frame Multi frame

FACCH , SACCH , TCH .
.

51 TDMA frame Multi frame

SDCCH ,CCCH , BCCH .
) (
.
: Super Frame
) ( 26 BCCH Multiframe
) ( 51 TCH Multiframe . / .

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 : Hyper Frame
GSM .
. TDMA
3h-28min-53sec-760msec .

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 Physical channels / traffic and control channel multiframe

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 Logical Channels, Downlink

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 Logical Channels, Uplink

:
:
:
Fullrate
Halfrate .
:
MS MS
.
:
` : ` BCCH
) ( Idle BCCH , SCH , FCCH
CBCH .
` : ` DCCH
SACCH , SDCCH FACCH .

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 ` : ` CCCH
AGCH , RACH PCH .
:
: FCCH
MS ) FCCH ( MS .
FCCH BCCH .
: SCH
. TDMA
BSIC + NCC + BCC .
: FCCH
) (System Information :
Broadcast frequency Cell Identifier , cell parameter , channel configuration , cell frequencies
of neighbor cells
: CBCH
.
.... .
: GSM CBCH ) (text MS
. .
.
.
: SDCCH
Location update , Call setup ) SMS
( .
: SACCH
) 480 ms ( SACCH
DL UL .
: DL
) (System Info ) (PC )(TA
: UL
) (Measurments

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 .
: FACCH
) ( Stealing .
.
Handover .
MS
FACCH .
: GSM FACCH Paging
.
: RACH
MS SDCCH MOC Paging
MTC IMSI Attach /Detach .
RACH BCCH RACH
) .
(
: AGCH
RACH MS
SDCCH .
: PCH
) (SMS
IMSI / TMSI . MSC / VLR BTS
Location area .
: VLR Paging
.
: Paging Paging )(
No. of multiframe between paging No. of AGCH .
: Paging Location area )
( . MS BTS LA .

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 ` : ` Channel Structures
) ( .

: ` : ` Combiend Channel Structure

TRX .

2 TRX / Cell
Downlink : TS0 : BCCH + CCCH /3 + SDCCH / 4
UPlink : TS0 : 27 Slots for RACH + SDCCH / 4

1 RACH slots : 1 Channel Request Message of 1 Subscriber

1 CCCH block (4 slots) : 1 Paging Message for 1~4 Subscriber
OR 1 Access Grant Channel (AGCH) for 1~2 Subscriber
:
) (++
.
) (235 ms SDCCH
) (470 ms SACCH
UL , DL .
:
CBCH CBCH SDCCH .

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 .

: ` : ` Separated Channel Structure

TRX .
3~4 TRX / Cell
Downlink : TS0 : BCCH + CCCH /9
TS1 : SDCCH / 8
UPlink : TS0 : 51 Slots for RACH
TS1 : SDCCH / 8
:
) (++
.
) (235 ms SDCCH
) (470 ms SACCH
UL , DL .
TS CCCH
Page RACH .

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 .

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 : ` Hybrid Channel Structure ` :
TRX .
3~4 TRX / Cell
Downlink : TS0 : BCCH + CCCH /3 + SDCCH / 4
TS1 : SDCCH / 8
UPlink : TS0 : 27 Slots for RACH + SDCCH / 4
TS1 : SDCCH / 8
:
SDCCH .
PCH AGCH .
:
) Resource ( AGCH, PCH ,SDCCH .
:
TDMA .

.

1. Full Rate Traffic Channel (TCH) Multiframe

Full rate :

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 2. Half Rate Traffic Channel (TCH) Multiframe
Half rate :

TCH FACCH , SACCH , TCH .

TCH FACCH
. Stealing
.
:
MS ) RACH RACH
( SDCCH .
RACH .

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 :
( RACH SDCCH
.
( SDCCH AGCH
. SDCCH
.
( TCH .
( TCH SDCCH .
MS ( TCH FACCH .
( FACCH , SACCH , TCH .
:
Blocking
:

SDCCH
TCH
) TCH ( .
)(Call establishment

SDCCH : PCH
SDCCH PCH . PCH
SDCCH
.
: SDCCH
.
load SDCCH .
:
1.Call attemts for subscriber per hour
2.Time for MOC/MTC setup signalling
3.Time for Location update
4.Location update per subscriber per hour

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 : SDCCH
.
2 TRX / cell
Combiend configuration
Blocking = 2 %
Call attemts for subscriber per hour = 1.5 min / call / hour
Time for call setup signalling = 7 sec
Time for location update signalling = 7 sec
Time for perudic location update = 1 hour
No. of TCH = 15 B 9.01 Erl / cell
1.5 / call /60 min = 25 mErl / suscriber

: SDCCH :
: Call setup (
: Location update ( load
SDCCH .
(a SDCCH : Call setup
) (MOC / MTC
.
7 s / 3600 s = 1.94 merl / call
360 call / cell 1.94 merl / call = 0.699 Erl / cell
: load Call setup 0.699 Erl / cell .
(b SDCCH : Location update
Location update
.
7 s / 3600 s = 1.94 merl / call
360 call / cell 1.94 merl / call = 0.699 Erl / cell
: load Call setup Location update 1.398 Erl
/ cell Erlang SDCCH
congestion .
SDCCH 0.816 Erl / cell
Erlang SDCCH .

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 : 2TRX .
call attempts per subscriber per hour
time for MOC/MTC setup signaling 3 sec
time for Location Update 5 sec
Location Updates per subscriber per hour 2.2
The SDCCH load per subscriber is calculated as follows:
(1.1 * 3 sec + 2.2 * 5 sec) / 3600 sec = 0.004 Erl = 4 mErl
25 mErl TCH Load per subscriber
no load problem on CCCH
: SMS SDCCH load
8~12 mErl .

: PCH
Page
:
(a ( Combiend / Un combiend Configuration ) CCCH
(b AGCH ) ( No of AGCH Block
(c ) (No of Multiframe between paging
(d ) MSC (.
(e ) ( IMSI & TMSI / IMSI /TMSI
` ` Paging message type
: IMSI / TMSI .
: ) . IMSI ( TMSI

Page 20 of 20
 : TMSI .
Paging :

Paging Capacity = XY / 0.235

:
: X PCH ) ( 1 4 (a
.
: Y (b
) ( Combiend / Un combiend Configuration
AGCH.
: 0.235 . (c

:
:
TS0 : BCCH + CCCH / 3 + SDCCH / 4
1 block CCCH used for AGCH & 2 block used for PCH

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 :
LA .
: MS
. :
)Repaging_Internal (Time between paging attempts
Number_of_Repaging_Attempts
MSC . Paging
MSC . Location area Repaging
Internal .
paging block .
: SDCCH BSC
MS ) ( Indication Wait Idle .
MS Paging .
.
Paging MSC ) (Wait Indication BSC .

.
): (RACH , AGCH , PCH
RACH , AGCH , PCH :
: (0 ~ 7) No. of AGCH Block
CCCH
AGCH .
CCCH
Paging .
If number of Blocks for Access Grant =0 then AGCH messages would have priority
over PCH messages.
If number of Blocks for Access Grant <> 0 then PCH messages would have priority
over AGCH messages .

: LA
Page PCH AGCH
.

Page 22 of 22
 : ( 2 ~ 9 ) No.of multiframe between paging
MS
MS MS Paging group .
) DRX , Discontinuous Reception (.
. ) (2 ~ 9
. Paging .

*) # of paging groups = (# of CCCH blocks number of Blocks for Access Grant

No.of Multiframes Between Paging

=====> Page / group every 2 ... 9 * 235 ms = 0.47 ... 2.115 s

Mobile Station calculates its Paging Group based on IMSI and on the Number of Paging
Groups.

: RACH
MS RACH BCCH . RACH
:
: (1,2,4,7) Max No. of Retransmission
RACH MS
1,2,4,7 .
T3120 .
: ( 0 ~ 15 ) No. of Slots to spread Transmission
RACH .
RACH )) Deterministic (td ( )Random (tr
) ( .
) N SLOT ST = ( 0 ~ 15 ) / N SLOT ST = ( 3 ~ 12 , 14 , 16 , 20 , 25 , 32 , 50

) (td .

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 GSM 04.08 .

Immediate Assignment Procedure

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 Load (RACH , AGCH , PCH) CCCH
:

Location area
MTC
MOC

IMSI attach/detach
SMS
.

CCCH Load :

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CCCH Load Example :

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 :

Parameters for Control Channel Configuration

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