Lintel are provided over the opning of door, window, almirah, etc.

Generally, they support the

load of the wall over it, and some times also the live load are transferred by the sub - roof of the room.
Following five cases may arise from point of view of distribution of load over the Lintel :-

1 When the length of wall on each side is more than half the effective span of the lintel.
2 When the length of wall to one side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.
3 When the length of wall on both side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.
4 When there are opening over lintel
5 When there is load carrying slab over the lintel.

Case 1:- When the length of wall on each side is more than half the effective span of the lintel.

The most general case.Because of arch-action in the masonry, all the load of wall above h H
the lintel is not transferred to the lintel.It ia assumed that the load transferred is in the form of
h H
triangle,and the load on the lintel is equal to the weight of the masonry in triangular portion, as
shown in fig 1. If, however, the height of the wall above the lintel is insufficient (i.e.if apex of triangle
falls above the top of wall), whole of the rectangulare load above the lintelis taken to act on lintel, as >L/2 l >L/2
shown in fig 2 >L/2 l >L/2 Case 1 (H<Lsin 60 )0

Case 1 (H>Lsin 60 0) L = Effective span

H = height of wall above the lintel. L = Effective length of opening. L = Effective span Fig 2
l = Actual opening. h = Effective height of masonry. Fig 1
Thus, h = Lsin 60 0 = L x 3/2 or L/2 x 3
Tringle area = 1/2 x L x L/2 3

2
Case 2:- When the length of wall one side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.
Fig 2 show the situation where the length of wall to one side is less than the half the effective span, but the h=L H
length to the other side is more than the half the effective span. In case, the load transferred to the lintel will be equal to
the weight of masonry contained in the rectangle of height h equal to effective span. 60 0 60 0

<L/2 l >L/2
Case 2 (H<Lsin 60 0)
L = Effective span
Fig 3
3 Case 3:- When the length of wall each side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.
H=h
This shown in Fig 3. The load acting on lintel will be equal to the
weight of masonry contained in rectangule of height h equal to the full height 60 0 60 0
H of wall.
<L/2 l <L/2
Case 3 (H<Lsin 60 )0

L = Effective span
Fig 4
4 Case 4:- When there are opening on lintel.

If there are openings, due to provision of ventilators etc. and ifthese

opening are intersected by the 60 0 lines, the loading will be calculated by 60 0 60 0
allwing dispresion lines at 60 0 from the top edges of openings, as shown in
Fig 4.The total load on the lintel will be equal to the weight of the masonry
contained in the shaded area.
60 0 60 0

60 0 60 0
L

5 Case
The 5:- When there is load carrying slab falling with in dispression triangle. Case 4 Fig 5
maximum If the roof slab is provided at a level well above the apex of the
B.M. M1 triangl, uniformly distributed load carriied by slab is not, transferred
dispresion
due to
to lintel.If, however, the slab intersects the dispresion triangle, three type of h2 =
triangular loads are transferred to the lintel :
load is Lsin 60 0
taken as w3
M1=WL/6 slab
where W= 1. Load W1 due the weight of masonry contained in rectangle of height h1 equal to the height of slab above the lintel. w2
total 2. Load W2 carried by slab, in alength L.
weight of
3. Load W3 due to weight of masonry contained in equilateral triangle above the slab.
masonry
The design of lintel is similar to that R.C. beam discussed in beam . The width of lintel is normally kept equal to width of wall.
contained h1 w1
in the
equlatral
triangle L
.The
maximum
B.M.M2
\ Total M= Wl x wL2
6 8 Case 5 Fig 6
The maximum shear will act at the edge of opening and is given by
W + wll
F= 2 2
 Design of Lintel beam (H<L)
Name of work:- pkn

1 Clear Span (opening ) 2.00 mtr 2000 mm

2 Wall width 0.30 mtr 300 mm
3 Room size 5.00 x 18.00 mtr
4 Slab thickness 16 cm 0.16 mtr
5 Lime tarrace Thickness 10 cm 0.10 mtr
6 Super imposed load 1.6 kN / m2
7 Height of masonry above lintel 1.50 mtr Unit wt. of masonry 19.00 kN / m3
8 Conrete M- 20 wt. of concrete 24.00 kN / m3
9 Steel fy 415 N/mm2 Tensile stress 230 N/mm2
scbc 7 N/mm2 m 13.3
10 Nominal Cover 25 mm Effective Cover 30 mm
11 Reinforcement
Main Bottom 12 mm F 4 Nos.
Anchor bars (top ) 8 mm F 2 Nos.
Strirrups 8 mm F 210 mm c/c

300 2000 mm 300

8 mm f 2 lgdstrips 8 mm F 2 nos anchor
250 210 mm c/c bars

210 210

300 300

4 nos bars 12 mm F
(a) L section

2 nos bars 8 mm F top anchor bars

2 nos bars 12 mm F

8 mm f2 lgdstrips mm cover
210 mm c/c
250 4 nos bars 12 mm F 200
mm 2 nos bars 12 mm F mm
mm cover

200 200
mm section at supportmm
(b) section at mid span

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
mtr
mtr
mtr

kN / m3
kN / m3
N/mm2

mm

250
mm

25
mm cover

25
mm cover
 Design of Lintel Beam (when height is less)

Clear Span (opening ) 2.00mtr

Wall width 0.30mtr or 300 mm
Room size 5.00 x 18.00 mtr
Slab thickness 16.00cm or 0.16 mtr
Lime tarrace thickness 10.00cm or 0.10 mtr
Super imposed load 1.60kN / m 2
1600 N/m2
Height of masonry above lintel 1.50mtr
#REF! 19.00kN / m3 or 19000 N/m3
M- 20 wt. of concrete 24 kN/m3 or 24000 N/M3
fy 415 N/mm2 Tensile stess = 230 kN/m2
Nominal cover 25 mm
Effective cover 30 mm

1 Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars Cocrete M = 20

sst = = 230 N/mm2 wt. of concrete = 25000 N/mm2

scbc = = 7 N/mm3
m = 13.33
m*c 13.33 x 7
k= = = 0.289
m*c+sst 13.33 x 7 + 230
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.289 / 3 = 0.904
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 7 x 0.904 x 0.289 = 0.9130

2 Caculcation of B.M. :-

Let effective depth of beam = span /10= 2 / 8 = 0.25 mtr cover = 0.025
Assume Total depth of Beam = 0.25 +2 x cover = 0.25 + 2 x 0.03 = 0.30
Let width of Beam = width of wall = 0.30 mtr 300 mm
self Load of Beam per meter run = 0.30 x 0.30 x 1 x ### = 2160 N/m
Effective span will be the minimum of following.
1 Center to center of bearing : Providing a bearing of 0.30 mtr
L= 2.00 + 0.30 = 2.30 mtr
Heigh of equtlateral triangle, assuming 60dispresion
0

L 2.30
Lsin 60 0 = x 3 = x 3 = 2.00 m
2.00 2
Height of masonry above lintel 1.50 mtr
This is > than the height of of the masonry above lintel. Hence load of the
slab will also transferred to lintel .
fig show the elevation, showing all the height. If we construct equilateral triangle above the top of slab.
Its apex will fall very much above the top of the parapet wall. Hence the weight of whole wall above
the lintel will transferred to the lintel. thus the load per mtr length of lintel will connist of the follwing.
(1) weight of wall :weight per meter run.= 0.30 x 2.16 x ### = 12312
1
(2) Live load on strip = x 5.00 x 1.00 x 1600 = 4000
2
1
(3) Dead weight of slab = x 5.00 x 1.00 x 0.16 x 24000 = 9600
2
Dead weight of Lime 1
(4) = x 5.00 x 1.00 x 0.10 x 19000 = 4750
concrete 2
\ Total load per meter run of lintel = 18350
Self weight of lintel
(5) = 0.30 x 0.30 x 1 x 24000 = 2160
weight per meter run
Total weight = 12312 + ### + 2160 '= 32822 N
wL 2 32822 x 2.30 x 2.3
Max. possible Bending moment = = = 21704 N-m
 Max. possible Bending moment = = = 21704 N-m
8 8
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in or 21704 x 10 3 N-mm or 21.704 x 10 6 N-mm
2 Design of setion :-

BM 21704 x 10 3
Effective depth required = = = 281.50 mm
Rxb 0.913 x 300
Let us take d = 290 mm \ D =d+2xcover = 290 + 2 x 30 = 320

Assuming that 12 mm F bar will be used. With 8 mm dia links and a nominal cover of = 25
D = 320 - 25 - 8 - 12 / 2 = 281 Hence ok.
The total depth is much less than assumed value. However recalculation is not necessary,
because self weight of lintel is compratively smaller than the super imposed load.

4 Steel Reiforcement :-
BM 21704 x 10 3
Ast = = = 371.56 mm2
sst x j x D 230 x 0.904 x 281
3.14 x dia2 = 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm f bars Area = = 113
4 x 100 4 x 100
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A = 372 /
113 = 3.29 say = 4 No.
Hence Provided 4 bars of 12 mm F bar,
having, Ast = 4 113 = 452.16 mm2
x
0.85
Min reinforcement is given by = Ast/A =
fy
0.85 x( 300 x 290 )=
Taking fy = 415 Nmm2, Ast= 178 mm2
415
Since actual reinforcement provided is > than the design reinforcement . Hence O.K.
Bend 2 Bar at a distance = L / 7 = 2.30 / 7 = 0.30 m 300
From the face of of each supports. Keep a nominal cover = 25 mm

5 Check for shear and design of shear reinforcement :-

The reaction at wall support will be uniformly distributed over the full width
Hence the shear force will be maximum at edge of support.
wl 32822 x 2 (As the edge
Maximum V = = = 32822 N
2 2 of aupport)
32822
tv = V/bd = = 0.389 N / mm2
300 x 281
1
At b suppoprt, x 452.16 = 226.1 mm2
2
At b suppoprt, 100Ast 100 x 226
= = 0.268 %
bd 300 x 281
Hence from Table permissible shear (tc)for M 20 concrete, for 0.268 % steel = 0.210 N/mm2
Hence shear reinforcement is required.
Vc = tc .bd = 0.210 x 300 x 281 = 17703 N
\ Vs = V - V c = ### - 17703 = 15119 N
Shear rasistance Vs1 of bent up bars is
Vs1 = ssv - Asv sin a = 0.707ssv x ASv
= 0.707 x 230 x 226.1 = 36762.9 N
But Vs1 Assined to inclined bars can not be more than = 1/2Vs
= 1/2 x 15119 = 7559.5 N only
Using 8 mm 2-ldg. Strirrups
3.14 x 8 x 8
Ast = 2 x = 100.5 mm2
4 x 100
 Sv = ssv x Asv x d 230 x 100.5 x 281
= = 859 mm
Vs1 7559.5
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
However, maximum spacing corresponding to nominal shear strirrups is given by
Sv < 2.175 xAsv xFy 2.175 x 100.5 x 415
= = 302 mm
b 300.00
Subject to lesser than of (0.75xd or 300mm) = 0.75 x 281 = 211 mm
Hence provide the 8 mm strirrups @ 210 mm c/c throughout.
Provide 2 x 8 mm F holding bars at top

6 Check for devlopment length at supports :-

The code stipulates that at the simple supports, where reinforcement is confined
1.3xM1
by a compressive reaction, the diameter of the reinforcement be such that + L0 > Ld
V
1
Ast = x 452.16 = 226.1 mm2
2
M1 = moment of resistance of section, assuming all reinforcementstress sst
M1 "= Ast x s st x jc d
= 226.1 x 230 x 0.904 x 281 = 13.21 x 10 6 N-mm

F s st 12 x 230
V = 32822 N \ Ld = or = 539.1
4tbd 4 x 1.6 x 0.8
Alternatively, Ld
= 45 F = 45 x 12 = 540 mm
Taking bars straight in the support, without any hook or bend with x' = 25
Ls 300
we have, Ld =( - x' = - 25.00 = 125 mm
2 2
1.3 xM1 13.21 x 10 6
+ L0 = 1.3 x + 125 = 648 mm
V 32822
= 648 > 539.1 Hence Code requirement are satisfied

7 Details of reinforcement:-
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 mtr
mtr

ce load of the

he top of slab.

N
N
N
 mm

mm
Hence ok.
is not necessary,

mm2

mm

(As the edge

of aupport)
mm

mm
 ###

0.4
0.66
10 cm Lime
concrete 60 0 60 0
Slab

16 cm RCC 2.16
slab

1.50
1.80

60 0 60 0

Lintel Beam 0.30

2.00
2.60

1.4

0.8

Floor
 Design of Lintel Beam (when height is less)

8 mm F 2 - lgd strirrups @ 210 mm c/c

2 - 8 mm F anchor bars

210 210

300 4 - 12 mm F bars 300

2000
300 2 - 8 mm F bars
mm 8 mm F
anchor bars 25 mm

2 - 12 mm F bars
8 mm F
300 2 Lgd strirrups 250
mm @ 210 mm c/c 250 mm

25 mm

4 - 12 mm F bars 2 - 12 mm F bars
Section at mid span section at support
 VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS Pe
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11 7.18 tbd (N / mm2)
scbc N/mm2 5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
kc 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst =
jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
140
N/mm2 Rc 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994 2.254 Grade of
(Fe 250) Pc (%) concrete
0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643 1.857
kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 M 15
(b) sst = jc 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 M 20
190
Rc 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684 1.903 M 25
N/mm2
Pc (%) 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997 1.127 M 30
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 M 35
(c ) sst =
jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 M 40
230
N/mm2 Rc 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502 1.698 M 45
(Fe 415) Pc (%) 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722 0.816 M 50
kc 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253
(d) sst =
jc 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.914 0.916 0.916
275
N/mm2 Rc 0.579 0.811 0.985 1.159 1.332 1.506
(Fe 500) Pc (%) 0.23 0.322 0.391 0.46 0.53 0.599

Permissible shear stress Table t v in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As Permissible shear stress in concrete tv N/mm2
bd M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
Grade of
< 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.2 0.2
concrete
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 M 10
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 M 15
1.00 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 M 20
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 M 25
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49 M 30
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52 M 35
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55 M 40
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57 M 45
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 M 50
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
3.00 and above 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.6 0.62 0.63

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40

tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5
Shear stress tc Reiforcement %
100As 100As
M-20 M-20
bd bd
0.15 0.18 0.18 0.15
0.16 0.18 0.19 0.18
0.17 0.18 0.2 0.21
0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24
0.19 0.19 0.22 0.27
0.2 0.19 0.23 0.3
0.21 0.2 0.24 0.32
0.22 0.2 0.25 0.35
0.23 0.2 0.26 0.38
0.24 0.21 0.27 0.41
0.25 0.21 0.28 0.44
0.26 0.21 0.29 0.47
0.27 0.22 0.30 0.5
0.28 0.22 0.31 0.55
0.29 0.22 0.32 0.6
0.3 0.23 0.33 0.65
0.31 0.23 0.34 0.7
0.32 0.24 0.35 0.75
0.33 0.24 0.36 0.82
0.34 0.24 0.37 0.88
0.35 0.25 0.38 0.94
0.36 0.25 0.39 1.00
0.37 0.25 0.4 1.08
0.38 0.26 0.41 1.16
0.39 0.26 0.42 1.25
0.4 0.26 0.43 1.33
0.41 0.27 0.44 1.41
0.42 0.27 0.45 1.50
0.43 0.27 0.46 1.63
0.44 0.28 0.46 1.64
0.45 0.28 0.47 1.75
0.46 0.28 0.48 1.88
0.47 0.29 0.49 2.00
0.48 0.29 0.50 2.13
0.49 0.29 0.51 2.25
0.5 0.30
0.51 0.30
0.52 0.30
0.53 0.30
0.54 0.30
0.55 0.31
0.56 0.31
0.57 0.31
0.58 0.31
0.59 0.31
0.6 0.32
0.61 0.32
0.62 0.32
0.63 0.32
0.64 0.32
0.65 0.33
0.66 0.33
0.67 0.33
0.68 0.33
0.69 0.33
0.7 0.34
0.71 0.34
0.72 0.34
0.73 0.34
0.74 0.34
0.75 0.35
0.76 0.35
0.77 0.35
0.78 0.35
0.79 0.35
0.8 0.35
0.81 0.35
0.82 0.36
0.83 0.36
0.84 0.36
0.85 0.36
0.86 0.36
0.87 0.36
0.88 0.37
0.89 0.37
0.9 0.37
0.91 0.37
0.92 0.37
0.93 0.37
0.94 0.38
0.95 0.38
0.96 0.38
0.97 0.38
0.98 0.38
0.99 0.38
1.00 0.39
1.01 0.39
1.02 0.39
1.03 0.39
1.04 0.39
1.05 0.39
1.06 0.39
1.07 0.39
1.08 0.4
1.09 0.4
1.10 0.4
1.11 0.4
1.12 0.4
1.13 0.4
1.14 0.4
1.15 0.4
1.16 0.41
1.17 0.41
1.18 0.41
1.19 0.41
1.20 0.41
1.21 0.41
1.22 0.41
1.23 0.41
1.24 0.41
1.25 0.42
1.26 0.42
1.27 0.42
1.28 0.42
1.29 0.42
1.30 0.42
1.31 0.42
1.32 0.42
1.33 0.43
1.34 0.43
1.35 0.43
1.36 0.43
1.37 0.43
1.38 0.43
1.39 0.43
1.40 0.43
1.41 0.44
1.42 0.44
1.43 0.44
1.44 0.44
1.45 0.44
1.46 0.44
1.47 0.44
1.48 0.44
1.49 0.44
1.50 0.45
1.51 0.45
1.52 0.45
1.53 0.45
1.54 0.45
1.55 0.45
1.56 0.45
1.57 0.45
1.58 0.45
1.59 0.45
1.60 0.45
1.61 0.45
1.62 0.45
1.63 0.46
1.64 0.46
1.65 0.46
1.66 0.46
1.67 0.46
1.68 0.46
1.69 0.46
1.70 0.46
1.71 0.46
1.72 0.46
1.73 0.46
1.74 0.46
1.75 0.47
1.76 0.47
1.77 0.47
1.78 0.47
1.79 0.47
1.80 0.47
1.81 0.47
1.82 0.47
1.83 0.47
1.84 0.47
1.85 0.47
1.86 0.47
1.87 0.47
1.88 0.48
1.89 0.48
1.90 0.48
1.91 0.48
1.92 0.48
1.93 0.48
1.94 0.48
1.95 0.48
1.96 0.48
1.97 0.48
1.98 0.48
1.99 0.48
2.00 0.49
2.01 0.49
2.02 0.49
2.03 0.49
2.04 0.49
2.05 0.49
2.06 0.49
2.07 0.49
2.08 0.49
2.09 0.49
2.10 0.49
2.11 0.49
2.12 0.49
2.13 0.50
2.14 0.50
2.15 0.50
2.16 0.50
2.17 0.50
2.18 0.50
2.19 0.50
2.20 0.50
2.21 0.50
2.22 0.50
2.23 0.50
2.24 0.50
2.25 0.51
2.26 0.51
2.27 0.51
2.28 0.51
2.29 0.51
2.30 0.51
2.31 0.51
2.32 0.51
2.33 0.51
2.34 0.51
2.35 0.51
2.36 0.51
2.37 0.51
2.38 0.51
2.39 0.51
2.40 0.51
2.41 0.51
2.42 0.51
2.43 0.51
2.44 0.51
2.45 0.51
2.46 0.51
2.47 0.51
2.48 0.51
2.49 0.51
2.50 0.51
2.51 0.51
2.52 0.51
2.53 0.51
2.54 0.51
2.55 0.51
2.56 0.51
2.57 0.51
2.58 0.51
2.59 0.51
2.60 0.51
2.61 0.51
2.62 0.51
2.63 0.51
2.64 0.51
2.65 0.51
2.66 0.51
2.67 0.51
2.68 0.51
2.69 0.51
2.70 0.51
2.71 0.51
2.72 0.51
2.73 0.51
2.74 0.51
2.75 0.51
2.76 0.51
2.77 0.51
2.78 0.51
2.79 0.51
2.80 0.51
2.81 0.51
2.82 0.51
2.83 0.51
2.84 0.51
2.85 0.51
2.86 0.51
2.87 0.51
2.88 0.51
2.89 0.51
2.90 0.51
2.91 0.51
2.92 0.51
2.93 0.51
2.94 0.51
2.95 0.51
2.96 0.51
2.97 0.51
2.98 0.51
2.99 0.51
3.00 0.51
3.01 0.51
3.02 0.51
3.03 0.51
3.04 0.51
3.05 0.51
3.06 0.51
3.07 0.51
3.08 0.51
3.09 0.51
3.10 0.51
3.11 0.51
3.12 0.51
3.13 0.51
3.14 0.51
3.15 0.51
 Permissible Bond stress Table t bd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 M-45 M-50
-- 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Development Length in tension

Plain M.S. Bars H.Y.S.D. Bars

tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F
0.6 58 0.96 60
0.8 44 1.28 45
0.9 39 1.44 40
1 35 1.6 36
1.1 32 1.76 33
1.2 29 1.92 30
1.3 27 2.08 28
1.4 25 2.24 26

Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for
Bending acbc Direct (acc) plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
(N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) in kg/m2
3.0 300 2.5 250 -- --
5.0 500 4.0 400 0.6 60
7.0 700 5.0 500 0.8 80
8.5 850 6.0 600 0.9 90
10.0 1000 8.0 800 1.0 100
11.5 1150 9.0 900 1.1 110
13.0 1300 10.0 1000 1.2 120
14.5 1450 11.0 1100 1.3 130
16.0 1600 12.0 1200 1.4 140