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PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
CDM – Executive Board page 1
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM-PDD)
Version 03 - in effect as of: 28 July 2006
CONTENTS
A. General description of project activity
B. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology
C. Duration of the project activity / crediting period
D. Environmental impacts
E. Stakeholders’ comments
Annexes
Annex 1: Contact information on participants in the project activity
Annex 2: Information regarding public funding
Annex 3: Baseline information
Annex 4: Monitoring plan

SECTION A. General description of project activity
A.1 Title of the project activity:
Almoiz Bagasse Cogeneration Project

Version 8
July 11th , 2010.
A.2. Description of the project activity:
Almoiz Bagasse Cogeneration Project (PBCP) is a new first of its kind 27 MW cogeneration facility
which generates electricity using bagasse, a biomass residue from sugar cane, at Paharpur, Pakistan. The
cogeneration facility is part of the entirely new Almoiz sugar mill.
Through the implementation of this project, the mill becomes self sufficient in terms of steam and
electricity and is also able to sell surplus renewable electricity to the national grid system, avoiding the
dispatch of an equal amount of energy produced by fossil-fuelled thermal plants to that grid. The initiative
avoids CO2 emissions and contributes to the regional and national sustainable development.
Almoiz sponsors are convinced that bagasse is a renewable source of energy that mitigates global
warming. Using the available natural resources, the project enhances the generation of renewable energy
in Pakistan and the mill becomes electricity self sufficient. The sugar mill will operate for six months per
year approximately from November to April, for 24 hours/day, using 8,000 ton sugar cane and 4,000 ton
sugar beet per day. The sugar production capacity of the plant is 800 tonnes/day using sugar cane and 400
tonnes/day using sugar beet. The project activity will be using only the bagasse from the sugar cane. The
beet residues will be used as animal fodder. During the cane season, the project activity electricity
requirement will be approximately 10MW and its steam demand will be approximately 133 t/h. During
the beet season, the project activity electricity requirement will be approximately 5MW and its steam
demand will be approximately 87 t/h.
For this project, Almoiz Industries Limited has acquired two 80 t/hr 65 bar (high pressure) boilers,
keeping in view the concept of Cogeneration (CHP). These boilers are based upon the latest design of
―Eckrohrkessel GmbH‖ and are the first of their kind in Pakistan. The project also includes one 12 MW
backpressure turbo generator and one 15 MW condensation extraction turbo generator. The total steam
inlet from the two 80 t/h boilers into the two turbines is 133 t/h at 65 bars; out of this, 61 t/h goes to 12
MW backpressure turbine and 72 t/h to 15 MW condensation extraction turbine. The steam outlet from
the 12 MW turbine to the process is 61 t/h at 3 bars; likewise, the steam outlet from the 15 MW turbine to
the process is 64 t/h at 3 bars. The total steam supplied by the backpressure and condensation extraction
turbo generators to the process is 125 t/h at 3 bars.
Pakistan, like other developing countries of the region, is facing a serious challenge of energy deficit.
Renewable Energy (RE) resources can play an important role in bridging this deficit. More importantly,
RE can take electricity to remote rural areas, where it is needed the most.
Sustainable Development
The developers of Almoiz Bagasse Cogeneration Project also believe that sustainable development will
be achieved not only through the implementation of a renewable energy production facility, but also by
carrying out activities of social and environmental responsibility.
Almoiz Industries Limited works ―as efficiently as possible‖ in order to become an Environment Friendly
Factory.
The project is expected to create jobs during its construction phase, which includes the construction of
roads, electric infrastructure, installation of the sugar mill itself and the related buildings and
infrastructure, where the equipments and the staff responsible for controlling and operating the sugar mill
are located. Estimates show the generation of up to 800 direct jobs during the operational phase of the
project. Out of this 800, 70-80% is unskilled or semi-skilled of which 95% is local people. The unskilled
or semi-skilled involve masons, electricians, fitters, assistants and others. 20% of the total is skilled staff,
which includes foremen, supervisory staff, accounts staff, clerical staff and technical staff. 5% of the total
is the top managers.
On site training will be provided through the job specific training programs for the new staff of the mill.
A lot of emphasis has been given on the improvement of life standards of employees by providing them
with the neat and clean housing colony to facilitate them and their families.
Free of cost schooling will be provided to the children of the employees and a scholarship program is also
initiated for the deserving children. Free of cost School Uniforms & books are provided to the children of
employees. Free of cost medical care and hospitalization is also provided to the employees of the mill.
Scholarships for 200 deserving children will be awarded. This program is to support and facilitate the
bright students to get admissions in the top institutions of Pakistan. This would also help the competent
students of DI Khan to get a chance to study in Universities for higher education.
Work Strength of the sugar mill is almost 800 and 60-70% of the total work force is the working labor.
95% of the working labor is from the local community. Since the earning of the working labor (masons)
mostly depends on the availability of the work, the project will provide them with the continuous
opportunities to work for the mill.
Most of the working staff has been hired from the surrounding areas and has created job opportunities for
the people belonging to the Low Income Families. Most of the technical staff has been hired from the
Gomal University situated in the same vicinity as the sugar mill and thus creating job opportunities for the
local people.
Almoiz is also campaigning to promote sugar beet in the area thus providing local farmers an opportunity
to increase their seasonal income. This will specially help the small scale farmers because the selling
price of sugar beet is more than the wheat crop. Almoiz is planning to grow wheat for the welfare of the
workers. This wheat shall be provided at subsidized rates to the workers.
This project is also responsible for improvement of local infrastructure including roads and electrical grid.
The site on which this mill is constructed was a barren land with almost no vegetation because of the
water logging and salinity in the area.
Almoiz adopted all precautionary measures as identified in EIA (Environment Impact Assessment) report
during the construction phase of the project to avoid any deforestation and adverse effect on the
environment. It is planting various kinds of flora in the vicinity and around the sugar industry for
beautification and pleasant environment.
Finally, Almoiz will influence other sugar cane industry players, who will also see the feasibility of
implementing renewable energy projects in their facilities with the CDM.
A.3. Project participants:
Kindly indicate if the

Name of Party involved Private and/or public entity (ies)
Party involved wishes to be
(*) ((host) indicates a host project participants (*) (as
considered as project
Party) applicable)
participant (Yes/No)
AlMoiz Industries Limited (private

Pakistan (host) entity)
No
United Kingdom of Great Carbon Services Limited (private

Britain entity)
(*) In accordance with the CDM modalities and procedures, at the time of making the CDM-PDD public at the stage
of validation, a Party involved may or may not have provided its approval. At the time of requesting registration, the
approval by the Party(ies) involved is required.
A.4. Technical description of the project activity:
A.4.1. Location of the project activity:
A.4.1.1. Host Party(ies):
Pakistan
A.4.1.2. Region/State/Province etc.:
Paharpur, NWFP.
A.4.1.3. City/Town/Community etc:
Dera Ismail Khan
A.4.1.4. Detail of physical location, including information allowing the

unique identification of this project activity (maximum one page):
Almoiz Bagasse Cogeneration Project is located at 26 km Chashma Road, D.I.Khan, North West Frontier
Province (NWFP).
Geographical coordinates: 32° 02’ 14.83‖N and 70° 58’57.25‖E.

Figure 1 - Geographical position
Figure 2 – Almoiz location

(Source: http://earth.google.com )
A.4.2. Category(ies) of project activity:
Sectoral Scope 1: Energy Industries (renewable/non renewable sources).

A.4.3. Technology to be employed by the project activity:
The world-wide spread technology for generating megawatt (MW) levels of electricity from biomass is
the steam-Rankine cycle. The cycle consists of direct combustion of biomass in a boiler to generate
steam, which is then expanded through a turbine. Most steam cycle plants are located at industrial sites,
where the waste heat from the steam turbine is recovered and used for meeting industrial process heat
needs. Such combined heat and power (CHP), or cogeneration systems provide greater levels of energy
services per unit of biomass consumed than systems that generate electric power only.
The steam-Rankine cycle involves heating pressurized water, with the resulting steam expanding to drive
a turbine-generator and then condensing back to water for partial or full recycling to the boiler. A heat
exchanger is used in some cases to recover heat from flue gases to preheat combustion air and a de-
aerator must be used to remove dissolved oxygen from water before it enters the boiler.
Steam turbines are designed as either "backpressure" or "condensing" turbines. CHP applications
typically employ backpressure turbines, wherein steam expands to a pressure that is still substantially
above ambient pressure. It leaves the turbine still as a vapour and is sent to satisfy industrial heating
needs, where it condenses back to water. It is then partially or fully returned to the boiler. Alternatively, if
process steam demands can be met using only a portion of the available steam, a condensing-extraction
steam turbine (CEST) might be used. This design includes the capability for some steam to be extracted at
one or more points along the expansion path for meeting process needs (Figure 3). Steam that is not
extracted continues to expand to sub-atmospheric pressures, thereby increasing the amount of electricity
generated per unit of steam compared to the backpressure turbine. The non-extracted steam is converted
back to liquid water in a condenser that utilizes ambient air and/or a cold water source as the coolant.
The steam-Rankine cycle uses different boiler designs, depending on the scale of the facility and the
characteristics of the fuel being used. The initial pressure and temperature of the steam, together with the
pressure to which it is expanded, determine the amount of electricity that can be generated per kilogram
of steam. In general, the higher the peak pressure and temperature of the steam, the more efficient,
sophisticated and costly the cycle is.
Figure 3 - Schematic diagram of a biomass-fired steam-Rankine cycle for cogeneration using a

condensing-extraction steam turbine
(Source: Williams & Larson, 1993 and Kartha & Larson, 2000, p.101)
Using steam-Rankine cycle as the basic technology of its cogeneration system, Almoiz installed a new
cogeneration unit (total installed capacity of 27 MW):
Equipments installed at the project activity

in Operation
Boiler #1
65 bar
Phase 1 - 2007 80 ts/h
490 °C
12 MW
61 ts/h
Turbo-generator (TG) #1 PROCESS

12 MW
Boiler #1 Boiler #1
65 bar 65 bar
80 ts/h 80 ts/h
490 °C 490 °C
133 ts/h
Phase 2 - 2008
27 MW
61 ts/h 72 ts/h
TG #1 TG #2
12 MW 15 MW
61 ts/h 64 ts/h
PROCESS
Figure 4 - Almoiz bagasse cogeneration technical data
The list of the equipments in the project activity is:
Boilers
Steam
Date of Operation Steam
Equipament Manufacturer Pressure (bar) generated
manufacturing start Temperature (°C)
(ts/h)
Boiler 1 Descon 2006 2007 65 490 ± 10 80
Boiler 2 Descon 2006 2008 65 490 ± 10 80
Turbines
Date of Operation Installed capacity
Equipament Manufacturer
manufacturing start (MW)
Turbine 1 N.G. Metalurgica 2006 2007 12
Turbine 2 GZEG 2008 2009 15
According to manufacturer specifications, the boilers burn only biomass residue.
These equipments in the project activity will supply energy for internal consumption and to the grid. The
estimated values applied for this project activity are shown below:
Table 1 – Project activity data for the cogeneration plant

Crop Season 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Biomass residue consumption (tonnes) 96,000 288,000 288,000 288,000 288,000 288,000 288,000 192,000
Total electricity generaed by the power
32,426 97,277 97,277 97,277 97,277 97,277 97,277 64,851
plant (MWh)
Energy sold to the grid (MWh) 21,626 64,877 64,877 64,877 64,877 64,877 64,877 43,251
Energy consumed at Almoiz (MWh) 10,800 32,400 32,400 32,400 32,400 32,400 32,400 21,600
Almoiz has acquired two 80 ts/h 65 bar (high pressure) boilers, keeping in view the concept of
cogeneration. These boilers are highly efficient and economical as compared to the conventional 23 bar
boilers being utilized in all other sugar industries of Pakistan.
Figure 5 - View of the boilers
These boilers are based upon the latest design of ―Eckrohrkessel GmbH‖ and are the first of this kind in
Pakistan. Comparing this boiler to the conventional boilers, the steam rate required for the turbine is
much less at similar amounts of bagasse consumption. In other words, it can be said that 6.12 kg steam is
required to produce 1 kWh of electricity whereas in the conventional turbines 11 kg of steam generates 1
kWh.
DESCON Engineering is the manufacturer of the boilers. The world's largest industrial companies utilize
DESCON for Cogeneration Power Plant projects. It has a staff of engineers, technicians and designers
experienced in cogeneration facilities and will arrange training of 5-6 boiler operators at site to enable
them to run the boilers in the most efficient way and create a good knowledge base on boiler operation.
To prepare these boilers locally DESCON had to upgrade their facilities to accommodate the extensive
designing and fabrication required in these boilers. The successful construction and operation of the
boilers enables DESCON to further take such projects where high pressure boilers are required.
Almoiz Industries Limited has set new trend in the sugar industry of Pakistan by implying turbo
generators of capacity more than other sugar mills operating in Pakistan along with the latest evaporators,
slicers and diffusers.
The 12 MW steam turbine was imported by N.G. Metalurgica, a Brazilian company which also provides
equipments for the sugar and alcohol industry in Brazil.
Guangzhou Guangzhong Interprise Group (GZEG) is the manufacturer of the 15 MW turbine. GZEG is
the major enterprise of National Mechanical Industry, strong mechanical manufacturing enterprise in
Southern China and South Eastern China. GZEG obtains powerful engineering capability, advanced
facilities and measuring methods. Its turbine division former name Guangzhou Skoda-Jinma Turbine Ltd.
Co. with over 30 years history in field of turbine manufacturing and have used the know-how of Skoda
turbines of Czech Republic to produce the Skoda Turbines with unit capacity up to 25 MW since 1995.
An important step as far as the technological development is concerned is the introduction of the ―Falling
Film Evaporators‖ which are highly efficient as compared to the Conventional ―Roberts‖ or Climbing
Film Evaporators. This evaporator efficiently transfers the heat from the steam to the juice and reduces
the amount of steam required for the process thus decreasing the steam consumption and eventually
saving bagasse for power generation.
Another technological development is the installation of the latest Beet Washing system that includes
innovative machinery like the drum washer, stone catcher, fork type weed catchers, jet washer, tabac &
leaves separators. This is the very first time that such equipments have been introduced in Pakistan.
Almoiz has installed two Drum type Beet Slicers which are highly efficient as compared to the
conventional Disc type Slicers. The drum slicer reduces the amount of power required by 30% - 40 %
compared to the conventional slicing systems.
Almoiz has acquired the latest ―Diffuser‖ technology instead of conventional milling. This diffuser is a
e―dual‖ diffuser which can be utilized for the diffusion of sugar cane as well as sugar beet. This system
uses vapor of low pressure steam rather than live high pressure steam as used in conventional systems.
Figure 6 - A view from top of Diffuser
All the above mentioned systems are technologically advanced compared to the ones used in conventional
sugar mills and reduce the steam and power requirement of the mill to save bagasse for additional power
generation. It is foreseen that the other sugar industries in Pakistan will follow in the footsteps of Almoiz
and imply similar technology. This increases the chances of replication of the equipment used locally in
the future as in the example of boilers made by DESCON. This would eventually reduce the cost of
equipment installed and help to promote the electricity generation through cogeneration system using
bagasse for sale to the grid.
A.4.4 Estimated amount of emission reductions over the chosen crediting period:
For the first crediting period (from 15/03/2010 to14/03/2017) the total estimation of emission reductions
is:
Annual estimation of emission

Years
reductions in tonnes of CO2e
15/03/2010 13,603
2011 23,319
2012 23,319
2013 23,319
2014 23,319
2015 23,319
2016 23,319
14/03/2017 9,716
Total estimated reductions (tonnes of CO2e) 163,233
Total number of crediting years 7
Annual average over the crediting period of
23,319
estimated reductions (tonnes of CO2e)
A.4.5. Public funding of the project activity:
There is no Annex I public funding involved in the Almoiz project.
SECTION B. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology
B.1. Title and reference of the approved baseline and monitoring methodology applied to the
project activity:
 ―ACM0006 Version 8: Consolidated methodology for electricity generation from biomass residues‖;
 ―ACM0002 Version 10: Consolidated methodology for grid-connected electricity generation from
renewable sources‖;
 ―Version 02.2 of the Combined tool to identify the baseline scenario and demonstrate additionality‖.
 ―Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system – version 1.1‖.
B.2 Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project
activity:
This project activity is a grid-connected and biomass residue fired electricity cogeneration plant. It
involves the installation of a new biomass residue fired power plant at a site where no power was
generated prior to the implementation of the project activity.
The project activity is based on the operation of a power plant located in an agro-industrial plant
generating the biomass residues.
The methodology is applicable under the following conditions:
 No other biomass types than biomass residues, as defined above, are used in the project plant and
these biomass residues are the only fuel used in the project plant;
The biomass residues come from a production process (production of sugar) and the implementation of
the project does not result in an increase of the processing capacity of raw input (sugar) etc.) or in other
substantial changes in this process;
 The biomass residues used by the project facility are not stored for more than one year;
 No energy is required to prepare the biomass residues for fuel combustion.
The Almoiz Bagasse Cogeneration Project complies with all conditions listed above. It uses only bagasse
as fuel. Bagasse is a biomass residue from sugar production. In other words, sugar cane is not crushed
with the objective of producing bagasse. A relatively small amount of bagasse is stored only a few
months between harvest years for boiler startup. Bagasse is not stored for more than one year. Finally,
bagasse is combusted as it comes out from the sugar mill – no energy is required to prepare it for fuel
combustion.
B.3. Description of the sources and gases included in the project boundary
The project cogeneration plant indicated in the flow diagram above consists of the following equipments:
 Two 80 ts/h 65 bar (high pressure) boilers;

 Two TGs (12+15 MW).
Emission sources included in the project boundary:
The project participants have included in the project boundary, GHG emission sources from the project
activity and emission sources in the baseline, as prescribed by the methodology ACM0006 Version 8. The
project boundary includes the following emission sources:
Source Gas Justification / Explanation

CO2 Included Main emission source
Grid electricity
CH4 Excluded Excluded for simplification. This is conservative.
generation
N2O Excluded Excluded for simplification. This is conservative.
CO2 Excluded The thermal efficiency of the project plant is similar
compared with the thermal efficiency of the reference
Heat generation plant considered in baseline scenario.
Baseline
CH4 Excluded Excluded for simplification. This is conservative.

N2O Excluded Excluded for simplification. This is conservative.
CO2 Excluded It is assumed that CO2 emissions from surplus biomass
residues do not lead to changes of carbon pools in the
Uncontrolled
LULUCF sector.
burning or decay of
CH4 Excluded The applicable scenario for this project activity is B4
surplus biomass
N2O Excluded Excluded for simplification. This is conservative. Note
residues
also that emissions from natural decay of biomass are not
included in GHG inventories as anthropogenic sources.a
On-site fossil fuel CO2 Excluded There is no on-site fossil fuel and electricity consumption
and electricity CH4 Excluded There is no on-site fossil fuel and electricity
consumption due to consumption.b
the project activity N2O Excluded There is no on-site fossil fuel and electricity
(stationary or consumption.b
mobile)
CO2 Excluded There is no off-site transportation of biomass residues
Off-site
CH4 Excluded There is no off-site transportation of biomass residues
transportation of
biomass residues N2O Excluded There is no off-site transportation of biomass residues
Project Activity

do not lead to changes of carbon pools in the LULUCF
Combustion of sector.
biomass residues for CH4 Excluded The CH4 emissions from uncontrolled burning or decay
electricity and / or of biomass residues in the baseline scenario are not
heat generation included.
N2O Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emission source is
assumed to be small.
residues do not lead to changes of carbon pools in the
LULUCF sector.
Storage of biomass CH4 Excluded Excluded for simplification. Since biomass residues are
residues stored for not longer than one year, this emission source
is assumed to be small.
N2O Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emissions source is
assumed to be very small.
Waste water from CO2 Excluded It is assumed that CO2 emissions from surplus biomass
the treatment of residues do not lead to changes of carbon pools in the
biomass residues LULUCF sector.
CH4 Included This emission source shall be included in cases where the
waste water is treated (partly) under anaerobic
conditions.
N2O Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emission source is
assumed to be small.
Notes to the table:
a. Note that the emission factors for CH4 and N2O emissions from uncontrolled burning or decay of dumped biomass residues are
highly uncertain and depend on many site-specific factors. Quantification is difficult and may increase transaction costs
significantly. Note also that CH4 and N2O emissions from the natural decay or uncontrolled burning are in some cases (e.g.
natural decay of forest residues) not anthropogenic sources of emissions included in Annex A of the Kyoto Protocol and should
not be included in the calculation of baseline emissions pursuant to paragraph 44 of the modalities and procedures for the CDM.
b. CH4 and N2O emission factors depend significantly on the technology (e.g. vehicle type) and may be difficult to determine for
project participants. Exclusion of this emission source is not a conservative assumption; however, it appears reasonable, since
CH4 and N2O from on-site use of fossil fuels and transportation are expected to be very small compared to overall emission
reductions, and since it simplifies the determination of emission reductions significantly.
B.4. Description of how the baseline scenario is identified and description of the identified
baseline scenario:
As per the methodology ACM0006 Version 8, the most plausible baseline scenario should be determined
by the Project Participant using the latest approved version of the ―Combined tool to identify the baseline
scenario and demonstrate additionality‖, agreed by the CDM executive board.
The identification of the baseline scenario is determined by the analysis of the following alternatives:
 how power would be generated in the absence of the CDM project activity;
 what would happen to the biomass residues in the absence of the project activity;
 in case of cogeneration projects: how would the heat be generated in the absence of the project
activity.
Power Baselines
There are eleven power baselines detailed in the methodology, namely:
P1 The proposed project activity not undertaken as P1 is not a credible baseline scenario. Without
a CDM project activity. the registration of the project as a CDM project,
it would not occur, as demonstrated in section
B5.
P2 The continuation of power generation in an P2 is not applicable since the project activity is a
existing biomass residue fired power plant at green-field power plant at a green-field sugar
the project site, in the same configuration, plant site.
without retrofitting and fired with the same type
of biomass residues as (co-)fired in the project
activity.
P3 The generation of power in an existing captive P3 is not applicable since the project activity is a
power plant, using only fossil fuels. green-field power plant at a green-field sugar
plant site.
P4 The generation of power in the grid. P4 is a plausible scenario. In the absence of the
project activity, other sources connected to the
grid would supply power to it.
P5 The installation of a new biomass residue fired P5 is a plausible scenario. Bagasse cogeneration
power plant, fired with the same type and with in other sugar mills in Pakistan are less efficient
the same annual amount of biomass residues as than Almoiz Bagasse Cogeneration Project and
the project activity, but with a lower efficiency they do not export electricity to the grid.
of electricity generation (e.g. an efficiency that
is common practice in the relevant industry
sector) than the project plant and therefore with
a lower power output than in the project case.
P6 The installation of a new biomass residue fired P6 is not a credible scenario. The amount of
power plant that is fired with the same type but biomass residue is limited to the amount of sugar
with a higher annual amount of biomass cane crushed at the sugar mill. If power plant
residues as the project activity and that has a with lower efficient were to replace the project
lower efficiency of electricity generation (e.g. activity, it would result in lower power output.
an efficiency that is common practice in the
relevant industry sector) than the project
activity. Therefore, the power output is the
same as in the project case.
P7 The retrofitting of an existing biomass residue P7 is not applicable since the project activity is a
fired power, fired with the same type and with green-field power plant at a green-field sugar
the same annual amount of biomass residues as plant site.
the project activity, but with a lower efficiency
of electricity generation (e.g. an efficiency that
is common practice in the relevant industry
sector) than the project plant and therefore with
a lower power output than in the project case.
P8 The retrofitting of an existing biomass residue P8 is not applicable since the project activity is a
fired power that is fired with the same type but green-field power plant at a green-field sugar
with a higher annual amount of biomass plant site.
residues as the project activity and that has a
lower efficiency of electricity generation (e.g.
an efficiency that is common practice in the
relevant industry sector) than the project
activity.
P9 The installation of a new fossil fuel fired P9 is not a credible baseline scenario. The
captive power plant at the project site. installation of a fossil fuel fired captive power
plant at a sugar mill in Pakistan would be quite
unlikely. Sugar mills in Pakistan are usually self-
sufficient in energy.
P10 The installation of a new single- (using only
biomass residues) or co-fired (using a mix of
biomass residues and fossil fuels) cogeneration
Baseline scenario P10 is not applicable. The type
plant with the same rated power capacity as the
of fuel (biomass residue) in the project activity is
project activity power plant, but that is fired
the same as in the baseline scenario. In Pakistan
with a different type and/or quantity of fuels
the use of bagasse as fuel in sugar mills is a
(biomass residues and/or fossil fuels). The
common practice.
annual amount of biomass residue used in the
baseline scenario is lower than that used in the
project activity.
P11 Baseline scenario P11 is not applicable. The
The generation of power in an existing fossil
project activity is a greenfield project that uses
fuel fired cogeneration plant co-fired with
only bagasse as fuel. There is no existing fossil
biomass residues, at the project site.
fuel power plant at the project site.
So the plausible power generation alternative are P4 and P5
Heat Baselines
H1 The proposed project activity not undertaken as H1 is not a credible baseline scenario. Without
a CDM project activity. the registration of the project as a CDM project,
it would not occur, as demonstrated in section
B5.
H2 The proposed project activity (installation of a H2 is a plausible scenario. It would have been
cogeneration power plant), fired with the same possible to install a cogeneration plant only to
type of biomass residues but with a different fulfill the energy needs of the sugar mill. In this
efficiency of heat generation (e.g. an efficiency case, no energy would be exported to the grid.
that is common practice in the relevant industry
sector).
H3 The generation of heat in an existing captive H3 is not applicable since the project activity is
cogeneration plant, using only fossil fuels a greenfield power plant at a greenfield sugar
plant site.
H4 The generation of heat in boilers using the same H4 is a not a plausible scenario. Using all heat
type of biomass residues generated for thermal purposes only is not
plausible since sugar mills in Pakistan are
usually self-sufficient in energy.
H5 The continuation of heat generation in an H5 is not applicable. The project activity is at a
existing biomass residue fired cogeneration greenfield sugar plant site.
plant at the project site, in the same
configuration, without retrofitting and fired with
the same type of biomass residues as in the
project activity
H6 The generation of heat in boilers using fossil H6 is not applicable. Sugar mills in Pakistan are
fuels usually energy self-sufficient and they rely on
their biomass residues.
H7 The use of heat from external sources, such as H7 is not applicable. There are no external
district heat sources of heat at the project site or in its
vicinity.
H8 Other heat generation technologies (e.g. heat H8 is not applicable. There are no other heat
pumps or solar energy) generation technologies currently adopted by
the sugar/ethanol sector in Pakistan.
H9 The installation of a new single- (using only
biomass residues) or co-fired (using a mix of
biomass residues and fossil fuels) cogeneration
Baseline scenario H9 is not applicable. The type
plant with the same rated power capacity as the
of fuel (biomass residue) in the project activity
project activity power plant, but that is fired
is the same as in the baseline scenario. In
with a different type and/or quantity of fuels
Pakistan the use of bagasse as fuel in sugar
(biomass residues and/or fossil fuels). The
mills is a common practice.
annual amount of biomass residue used in the
baseline scenario is lower than that used in the
project activity.
H10 The generation of power in an existing fossil Baseline scenario H10 is not applicable. The
fuel fired cogeneration plant co-fired with project activity is a greenfield project that uses
biomass residues, at the project site. only bagasse as fuel. There is no existing fossil
fuel power plant at the project site. In Pakistan
the use of bagasse as fuel in sugar mills is a
common practice
So the plausible heat generation alternatives are H2
Biomass residues Baselines
B1 The biomass residues are dumped or left to decay B1 is not applicable. In the absence of project
under mainly aerobic conditions. This applies, activity, the same biomass residues would have
for example, to dumping and decay of biomass been used in the baseline cogeneration unit with
residues on fields. lower efficiency, providing all steam and
electricity requirements of the industrial plant.
B2 The biomass residues are dumped or left to decay B2 is not applicable. In the absence of project
under clearly anaerobic conditions. This applies, activity, the same biomass residues would have
for example, to deep landfills with more than 5 been used in a cogeneration unit with lower
meters. This does not apply to biomass residues efficiency, providing all steam and electricity
that are stock-piled or left to decay on fields. requirements of the industrial plant. Energy self-
sufficient cogeneration plants are the common
practice in Pakistan sugar industry.
B3 The biomass residues are burnt in an B3 is not applicable. In the absence of project
uncontrolled manner without utilizing them for activity, the same biomass residues would have
energy purposes. been used in the baseline cogeneration unit with
lower efficiency, providing all steam and
B4 The biomass residues are used for heat and/or B4 is a plausible scenario. Energy self-sufficient
electricity generation at the project site. cogeneration plants are the common practice in
Pakistan sugar industry, being bagasse its usual
fuel.
B5 The biomass residues are used for power B5 is not applicable. In the absence of project
generation, including cogeneration, in other activity, the same biomass residues would have
existing or new grid-connected power plants been used in the baseline cogeneration unit with
B6 The biomass residues are used for heat B6 is not applicable. In the absence of project
generation in other existing or new boilers at activity, the same biomass residues would have
other sites. been used in the baseline cogeneration unit with
B7 The biomass residues are used for other energy B7 is not applicable. In the absence of project
purposes, such as the generation of biofuels. activity, the same biomass residues would have
been used in the baseline cogeneration unit with
B8 The biomass residues are used for non-energy B8 is not applicable. In the absence of project
purposes, e.g. as fertilizer or as feedstock in activity, the same biomass residues would have
processes (e.g. in the pulp and paper industry). been used in the baseline cogeneration unit with
So the plausible alternative is B4.
In summary, following are the credible scenarios/alternatives.
 Power – P4 and P5;

 Heat – H2;
 Biomass – B4.
The Almoiz Bagasse Cogeneration Project is a greenfield power plant. Thus the combination of the
above alternatives defines scenario 4 of ACM0006 Version 8: Consolidated methodology for electricity
generation from biomass residues using the latest approved version of the “Combined tool to identify the
baseline scenario and demonstrate additionality”. In the scenario 4 of this methodology states:
“The project activity involves the installation of a new biomass residue fired power
plant at a site where no power was generated prior to the implementation of the
project activity. In the absence of the project activity, a new biomass residue fired
power plant (in the following referred to as “reference plant”) would be installed
instead of the project activity at the same site and with the same thermal firing
capacity but with a lower efficiency of electricity generation as the project plant
(e.g. by using a low-pressure boiler instead of a high-pressure boiler). The same
type and quantity of biomass residues as in the project plant would be used in the
reference plant. Consequently, the power generated by the project plant would in
the absence of the project activity be generated (a) in the reference plant and –
since power generation is larger in the project plant than in the reference plant –
(b) partly in power plants in the grid. In case of cogeneration projects, the
following conditions apply: The reference plant would also be a cogeneration
plant; the heat generated by the project plant would in the absence of the project
activity be generated in the reference plant.”
The reference plant corresponds to a new biomass residue fired cogeneration power plant that would be
installed as a business as usual scenario. Please refer to section B.5 for detailed common practice analysis
which demonstrates that the reference plant represents a business as usual scenario in Pakistan Sugar
Industry. The reference plant would be able to provide the same thermal firing capacity but with a lower
efficiency of electricity generation as the project plant. Thus the electricity generated would only supply
the internal demand at Almoiz.
Baseline Scenario
According to Guidelines for completing the project design document (CDM-PDD), and the proposed new
baseline and monitoring methodologies (CDM-NM) (version 07), ―the baseline scenario can be described
with a lower level of detail in case it is not an existing facility‖.
In the baseline scenario other equipments would be installed in order to supply energy for internal
consumption only, defining a reference plant. A possible reference plant would consist of the following
equipments:
Boilers
Date of Pressure Steam Steam generated
Equipament Operation start
manufacturing (bar) Temperature (ts/h)
Boiler 1 2006 2007 23 350± 10 80
Boiler 2 2006 2008 23 350± 10 80
Turbines
Installed
Date of
Equipament Operation start capacity
manufacturing
(MW)
Turbine 1 2006 2007 5
Turbine 2 2006 2007 5
Turbine 3 2006 2007 5
Two low-pressure boilers of 23 bar (80 ts/h each) and three backpressure turbogenerators (5 MW each)
would be installed as it is a general practice in Pakistani Sugar Mills.
The same biomass residual fuel i.e. bagasse with almost the same thermal firing capacity would be used:
 23 bar low pressure boiler requires approx. 33.9 ton bagasse for 80 ts/h production (data from a
similar mill in the region);
 65 bar high pressure boiler requires approx. 35.24 ton bagasse for 80 ts/h production (data from
the boiler design specification).
The efficiency of electricity generation would have been much lower:

 Two 23 bar (80 ts/h each) low pressure boilers would have generated approximately 15 MW of
electricity only, and it would provide only the necessary electricity to supply the internal
consumption;
 Two 65 bar 80 ts/h high pressure boilers are able to generate approximately 27 MW of electricity,
and export surplus electricity to the grid as well.
The steam rate would have been much higher compared to the project activity:
 Low pressure 5 MW steam turbines require 11 kg of steam per kWh of electricity generation.
 High pressure 12MW backpressure turbines require 6.12 kg of steam per kWh of electricity
generation.
 High pressure 15 MW condensing turbines require 5.366 kg of steam per kWh of electricity
generation.
The same type and quantity of biomass residues as in the project plant would be used in the reference
plant, but as far as the quantity is concerned it would have performed inefficiently as steam rate per kWh
of electricity generation would have been much higher and eventually would have consumed much more
bagasse.
The consumption of bagasse depends on the steam consumption efficiency of the plant. The efficiency of
the boiler in project situation is higher than the reference plant and because of the same reason it is able to
produce same amount of vapors at higher pressure, consuming approximately the same amount of
bagasse.
The above points show that the conventional system’s efficiency of electricity generation would have
been much lower.
B.5. Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below
those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activity (assessment
and demonstration of additionality):
Additionality was determined using the ―Combined tool to identify the baseline scenario and demonstrate
additionality (version 02.2)‖.
The tool involves the following steps:
 STEP 1: Identification of alternative scenarios;

 STEP 2: Barrier Analysis;
 STEP 3: Investment Analysis (if applicable);
 STEP 4: Common practice Analysis.
STEP 1. Identification of alternative scenario
Sub-step 1a. Define alternative scenarios to the proposed CDM project activity
The alternatives to the project have been established above in section B4.
Alternative 1 – New installation of a low-pressure technology plant, instead of

high-pressure technology plant, i.e. the cogeneration plant will continue to provide
only the necessary thermal and electric energy to supply the internal consumption at
mill (defined in section B.4.) and generation of other power in the grid.
Alternative 2 – The project activity not undertaken as a CDM project activity.
Sub-step 1b. Consistency with mandatory applicable laws and regulations
The alternative scenarios are in compliance with all mandatory applicable legal and regulatory
requirements of Pakistan.
STEP 2. Barrier analysis
Sub-step 2a. Identify barriers that would prevent the implementation of alternative scenarios:
Technological Barriers:
 Almoiz has installed the first high pressure boiler in sugar industry in Pakistan.1 Installation and
operation of these boilers represent a significant technological barrier. The two boilers went through
try runs in late 2007, when several technical problems occurred. The operation of the boilers was
interrupted to fix and replace parts damaged. The boilers were repaired by local manufacturer Descon
with support from foreign experts. Operational challenges for the high boilers continued during the
2008-2009 harvest, when energy export starts. Documents exchanged between Almoiz and boiler
manufacturer2 clearly indicate serious technical problems with the boilers in the 2007/2008 harvest,
and not as serious technical problems in the 2008/2009 harvest, both of which resulted in heavy
financial losses to Almoiz.
 There is a lack of transmission facilities in Pakistan. Almoiz is the first sugar mill in Pakistan to
export electricity to the grid. The connection of this mill to the grid represents a new challenge in this
country since there is lack of transmission facilities in Pakistan. Interconnection with the grid is not
that easy job as most of the sugar mills are located in rural agricultural settings. It is important to
clarify that electricity can be transmitted at 11 kV (11,000 V) or at 132 kV (132,000 V). The most
1
According to boiler manufacturer Descon’s website http://www.descon.com.pk/News/newsLetter.aspx, accessed in
July 15th 2008.
2
These documents were presented to the DOE.
reliable way is to transmit it is at 132 kV, since 11 kV is not considered to be a reliable mode of
transmission in Pakistan when it comes to electricity export from a source. Almoiz has been facing
transmission barriers on both 11 kV and 132 kV. The main 132 kV transmission line passes at a
distance of about 1.5 km from the mill, but due to the lack of upgrading facilities (step up transformer
and other accessories) Almoiz has been unable to upgrade the voltage. As a result, Almoiz is planning
to export electricity at 11 kV as an alternative but the issue with 11 kV is that Almoiz would only be
able to export 5-6 MW instead of 12-13 MW because of the unreliability of the system at 11 kV.3 By
exporting less electricity Almoiz would have a double loss – less electricity exported and less CERs.
An October 2008 letter from the Technical Director of the Central Power Purchase Agency (CPPA)
to the Chief Executive Officer of PESCO clearly describes the current situation.4 The CCPA
Technical Director appreciated PESCO's efforts regarding maximum power evacuation on 11 kV
during the coming crushing season which means that PESCO is still making efforts for power
evacuation at 11 kV. Secondly, the CCPA Director mentioned that the tender documents for 132 kV
would be ready by 15 November 2008, which means that the upgrading at 132 kV would take time
and its installation is not expected to be finalized anytime soon.
 Lack of local expertise and skilled and/or properly trained labor:
Since Almoiz is based upon state of the art technologies, the expertise of foreign consultants / experts
was required and it will continue to be required for the successful commissioning and operation of all
those equipments which are new at Pakistan sugar business. In Pakistan only Descon has got the
ability to manufacture high pressure boilers. TG sets, Diffuser, Falling Film Evaporators and Beet
Processing Line etc installed at Almoiz are also not common in the Pakistani Sugar Industry.
Therefore the presence of foreign consultants/ engineers/ technicians becomes inevitably important at
the time of commissioning of such equipments. The power plant design itself was done by Germany-
based IPRO.
Lack of expertise in the local market in finalizing the project specifications. The technological
challenges of this projects resulted in a longer period of time to finalize the project specifications. The
local E&I, manufacturing, fabrication and installation markets are not up to the international
standards. Local companies required time to understand and then finalize the specifications based on
the European standards. By being the pioneer, Almoiz has promoted capacity building in Pakistan
sugar industry.
Unavailability of experienced draftsmen also proved to be a technological barrier for this project.
Experienced draftsmen are hard to find in the project region. The draftsmen must be capable enough
to meet the requirements as the Process & Instrumentation Diagrams of Almoiz incorporates various
crops (Sugar cane, sugar beet) and various processes. In particular, Almoiz had to hire a qualified
foreign Piping Engineer as such expertise was not available in the project region.
Skilled and/or properly trained labor to operate and maintain the technology is not available in the
relevant geographical area, which leads to an unacceptably high risk of equipment disrepair,
malfunctioning or underperformance. Almoiz is based on state of the art technology therefore the risk
of underperformance is much higher because of the lack of technical expertise. Local labor has
experience to work with the conventional systems in Pakistan but not with the technology being
implemented by Almoiz. As a result, Almoiz had to provide several trainings to the local people/
workers in order for them to meet the requirements. Training on operation of high pressure boilers
was provided by experts from local boiler manufacturer Descon. Training on operation of turbo
generator was provided by local expert Amanullah Khan. Training on operation of diffuser was
3
Electricity sales invoice was presented to the DOE as a proof for this statement.
4
The CCPA letter was presented to the DOE.
provided by experts from Belgium-based De Smet Engineers and Contractors. Training on operation
of falling film evaporators was provided by experts from Germany-based PRACON. Additional
training is expected to occur in the future to guarantee proper operation and maintenance of this
unique power plant to Pakistan.
The lack of local and skilled and/or properly trained labor have incurred and will continue to incur in
extra costs to Almoiz in order to train local properly for the operation of this complex project.
Lack of Prevailing Practice:
Almoiz sugar mill management was very much reluctant to approve the investment because the
Government of Pakistan had not determined any suitable tariff for power cogeneration by Sugar Mills and
it was a brave decision by the management to approve the project under such circumstances where the
risks were very high.
Whatever financing was available for the project, it had to be arranged on the personal guarantees
provided by Almoiz management to the lending company or the bank. Considering the technological risks
associated with the project, it was very difficult to convince the management to arrange additional
financing for the dedicated 15 MW steam turbine and high pressure boilers.
Almoiz made the investment without a PPA in place. When it signed a PPA, it was the first biomass
cogeneration project to sign one. Almoiz can only sell power to the government. If the PPA is canceled,
Almoiz would not have anyone to sell its power to, as it is not legal in Pakistan to generate power in one
location and sell it to another private company in another location (like in neighboring India). Almoiz
certainly doesn't need the extra 15MW for its own plant.
Independent Power Producers in Pakistan also face the risk of payment delays. The government pays
them often 6-9 months after invoices are due, and power producers shut down the plants because their
working capital dries up.
There is no attractive tariff available for cogeneration projects in Pakistan. The National Electric Power
Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) awarded a tariff of only 8 cents per kWh against the tariff petition of 14
cents per kWh submitted by Pakistan Sugar Mills Association (PSMA) for setting up co-power generation
plants by sugar industry.5 In the face of this unattractive tariff, the sugar industry has shown its reluctance
and inability to enter into any long term agreement with the government for biomass cogeneration based
power generation6 These facts clearly indicate the leadership of Almoiz in biomass co-generation in
Pakistan.
Proof that this type of project is not very attractive to investors in Pakistan is the fact that only two mills,7
Almoiz and Shakarganj,8 have setup power plants for grid export until now, and both did it considering
carbon credit revenues.
Sub-step 2b: Eliminate alternative scenarios which are prevented by the identified barriers:
5
http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\04\19\story_19-4-2008_pg5_2
6
http://www.brecorder.com/index.php?show=detail&id=776719&currPageNo=1&query=&search=&term=&supDate
=
7
According to Pakistan’s Alternative Energy Development Board (http://www.aedb.org/)
8
CDM project ―Biogas-based Cogeneration Project at Shakarganj Mills Ltd., Jhang, Pakistan‖ is available at
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/Validation/DB/A3NHVX69CFJUAGP6TPZJSIU0ZU8MZN/view.html
According to the ―Combined tool to identify the baseline scenario and demonstrate additionality‖, after
STEP 2:
“If there is only one alternative scenario that is not prevented by any barrier, and if this
alternative is not the proposed project activity undertaken without being registered as a
CDM project activity, then this alternative scenario is identified as the baseline scenario”
Hence the baseline scenario is identified as scenario 1, the continuation of current practices. Therefore,
the project scenario is not the same as the baseline scenario, and these are defined as follows:
Table 2 – Summary of barrier analysis

Alternative Alternative
Barriers
scenario 1 scenario 2
Technological No Yes
Lack of Prevailing Practice No Yes
 The Baseline scenario is represented by scenario 1, continuation of current practices.

 The Project scenario is represented by the implementation of the electricity cogeneration project.
As can be seen from STEP 2, the implementation of project activity as a non-CDM project is prevented
by the barriers presented. The Project Participants consider that the barrier analysis alone is sufficient to
prove the additionality of this first-of-its-kind project in Pakistan Sugar Industry.
STEP 4. Common practice analysis
The Almoiz Bagasse Cogeneration Project is the ―first of its kind‖ in Pakistan. It is the first project in a
sugar mill in Pakistan to use high pressure boilers to export electricity to the grid.
The 2007-2008 installed capacity in Pakistan was 19,460MW. The could be increased up to 1,800MW
through biomass cogeneration projects, but only approximately 35MW have been installed by two mills,9
Almoiz and Shakarganj,10 and both did it considering carbon credit revenues.
The sugar sector, historically, always exploited the biomass residue in an inefficient manner by making
use of low-pressure boilers. Although they consume almost all of their bagasse for self-energy generation
purposes, it is done in such a manner that no surplus electric energy is available for sale.
The cogeneration of power by sugar mills has also acquired urgency because of the Economic
Coordination Committee’s decision to extend by one year the deadline for big business and Independent
Power Producers (IPPs) to install 2,250MW capacity up to 2010. Earlier, these IPPs were given tariff
incentives to set up power plants of their own on a fast-track basis by 2008-09. There has been no
increase in the installed generation capacity in fiscal year 2007 and the power crisis is expected to
continue until 2010.
The Pakistan Sugar Mills Association has 90 member companies.11 This comprises most of the existing
sugar mills in Pakistan and all these plants are expected to be self-sufficient in energy. According to a
9
According to Pakistan’s Alternative Energy Development Board (http://www.aedb.org/)
10
CDM project ―Biogas-based Cogeneration Project at Shakarganj Mills Ltd., Jhang, Pakistan‖ is available at
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/Validation/DB/A3NHVX69CFJUAGP6TPZJSIU0ZU8MZN/view.html
January 19th 2007 letter from The Thal Industries Corporation Limited Layyah Sugar Mills, Layyah’s
Project Advisor,12 “The common practice in the Pakistan Sugar Industry is that almost all the Sugar Mills
in Pakistan have installed Low Pressure Technology. By Low Pressure Technology I mean that 22/23 bar
boilers and Low Pressure Turbo generators.” Also, the Pakistan Energy Yearbooks from 2004 to 2007
do not mention any biomass source that feeds the country’s electricity grid.13
A recent article presented in the 2008 World Renewable Energy Congress (Potential of Bagasse Based
Cogeneration in Pakistan, by K Harijan, MA Uqaili, M Memon) describes the current state of the sugar
industry in Pakistan: ―Pakistan has large scale sugar industries, which already use bagasse as fuel.
However, many of those installations were originally designed to burn all residues using low pressure
boilers (10-20 Bar). This way, the captive energy demand could be covered relatively cheap and disposal
problems could be eliminated.” “Bagasse is also used for pulp and paper industry, particle board, etc in
the country. About 75-90% of the bagasse available at sugar mills is used to produce internal steam and
electricity; the balance is considered surplus and is either discarded or used for other purposes.”
According to one projection, the power shortfall will increase to 5,520MW by 2009-2010 when steady
supply will stand at 15,055MW against the peak demand of 20,584MW. To meet this huge gap, the
government needs to harness both the private and public sector potential to exploit the diverse indigenous
sources of energy — thermal, hydro, wind, sun, shrubs, bagasse, etc. The energy programme should have
the right mix of big and small projects. Power sector development has suffered because of ad hoc and
faulty decision-making and requires a long-term policy that includes an effective crash programme to
overcome the current energy crisis on a priority basis.
This situation stresses that the project activity shall not be considered as common practice. Therefore, the
project activity is additional.
CDM Evidence
The incentive of the CDM was seriously considered by Almoiz Bagasse Cogeneration Project before
Project Start Date. During Validation process, it has been presented July 2005 communications between
Almoiz and each of the TG local providers that clearly state the interest of Almoiz in carbon credits and
that CER revenues plan ―inevitably important role in making this power export feasible.‖ It was also
presented July 2005 internal communications between Almoiz Director and Almoiz Business
Development Manager regarding the income potential from Carbon Credits. In addition, it was shown a
decision of the Almoiz Board dated August 10th 2005, in which it is clearly stated that exporting energy to
the grid not be financially viable without the inclusion of carbon credits. These documents were presented
to DOE during the Validation Process.
The project participants consider that the above information alone provides sufficient evidence that the
CDM was seriously considered in the decision to proceed with the project activity.
11
http://www.psmaonline.com/
12
A paper copy of this letter was presented to the DOE in the site visit and an electronic copy was provided for
future reference.
13
The Pakistan Energy Year Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan
(http://www.hdip.com.pk/hydrocarINFO&DES.htm). Electronic copies of the chapters on electricity of each
Pakistan Energy Yearbook were provided to the DOE.
Table 3 - Project chronology of the project activity

Activity Date
CDM consideration earliest evidence July 20, 2005
Investment decision (Board meeting minutes clearly state consideration of CDM
August 10, 2005
revenues)
First document associated to purchase of 12 MW turbine (commercial invoice)
August 12, 2005
Boiler agreement with DESCON September 01, 2005*
Stakeholders’ Consultation September 28-29, 2005
Date of Issuance of Environmental Impact Assessment Report January 2006
Civil foundations for boiler 1&2 February 2006
NOC issued by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Peshawar May 10, 2006
Earliest document recovered that can be shown as evidence of communication
September 05, 2006
between Carbon Services and Almoiz on CDM project
Civil foundations for 12 MW TGset October 2006
Purchase contract of 15 MW turbine December 10, 2006
Contract signing date with CDM Consulting Company December 22, 2006
Commissioning of Boiler 1&2 June 2007
Commissioning of 12 MW TGset November 2007
Proposals from DOEs received November 2007
Formal acceptance of proposal from selected DOE February 20, 2005
Grant of Pakistan (Host Country) Approval May 19, 2008
Grant of UK Approval June 24, 2008
Start-up (energy generation for internal use only) November 2007
Interruption of operation due to technical problems with boilers December 2007
Commissioning of 15 MW TGset (energy export initiated at lower than expected
May 2009
volumes due to technical restrictions of grid connection)
Energy export at full capacity expected once boiler and transmission problems are
December 2009
solved.
The main cause of delay to start the CDM process was that Almoiz focused on the physical installation of
the project. Also, Almoiz expected that it would take approximately 6 months to get its CDM project
registered in the United Nations and that it would not be penalized in any way for starting validation in
early 2008.
The contract with CDM Consulting Company (Econergy Brasil Ltda) was formally signed in December
22, 2006. Almoiz and Econergy Brasil Ltda were introduced to one another by Carbon Services Limited,
a local partner of Econergy Brasil Ltda. Carbon Services Limited started communication with Almoiz
earlier, but the earliest documental evidence recovered for this communication is from September 5,
2006.
B.6. Emission reductions:
B.6.1. Explanation of methodological choices:
The project activity mainly reduces CO2 emissions through substitution of power and heat generation
with fossil fuels by energy generation with biomass residues. The emission reduction ERy by the project
activity during a given year y is the difference between the emission reductions through substitution of
electricity generation with fossil fuels (ERelectricity,y), the emission reductions through substitution of heat
generation with fossil fuels (ERheat,y), project emissions (PEy), emissions due to leakage (Ly) and, where
this emission source is included in the project boundary and relevant, baseline emissions due to the
natural decay or burning of anthropogenic sources of biomass residues (BEbiomass,y), as follows:
ER y  ERheat, y  ERelectricity , y  BE biomass, y  PE y  L y
Where:
ERy = Emissions reductions of the project activity during the year y (tCO2/yr)
ERelectricity,y = Emission reductions due to displacement of electricity during the year y (tCO2/yr)
ERheat,y = Emission reductions due to displacement of heat during the year y (tCO2/yr)
BEbiomass,y = Baseline emissions due to natural decay or burning of anthropogenic sources of biomass
residues during the year y (tCO2e/yr)
PEy = Project emissions during the year y (tCO2/yr)
Ly = Leakage emissions during the year y (tCO2/yr)
Project emissions shall not be considered because there is no transportation of biomass residues to the
project site (PETy=0), no on-site consumption of fossil fuels due to the project activity (PEFFy=0), no
consumption of electricity (PEEC,y=0) and no CH4 emissions from the combustion of biomass residues
(PEBiomass,CH4,y=0). Some bagasse in the end of one harvest is saved for start up fuel in the following
harvest. This bagasse is saved for only a few months between harvests. Thus, PEy =0.
Emission reductions due to the displacement of electricity are calculated by multiplying the net quantity
of increased electricity generated with biomass residues as a result of the project activity (EGy) with the
CO2 baseline emission factor for the electricity displaced due to the project (EFelectricity,y), as follows:
ERelectricity, y  EG y  EFelectricity, y
Where:
ERelectricity,y = Emission reductions due to displacement of electricity during the year y (tCO2/yr)
EGy = Net quantity of increased electricity generation as a result of the project activity
(incremental to baseline generation) during the year y (MWh)
EFelectricity,y = CO2 emission factor for the electricity displaced due to the project activity during the
year y (tCO2/MWh)
The emission factor for the displacement of electricity should correspond to the grid emission factor
(EFelectricity,y = EFgrid,y) and EFgrid,y is determined in section B.6.3.
According to scenario 4, EGy is determined as the difference between the electricity generation in the
project plant and the quantity of electricity that would be generated by other plant using the same quantity
of biomass residues that is fired in the project, as follows:
 1 
EG y  EG project plant, y   el ,other plant      BFk , y  NCVk
 3.6  k
Where:
EGy = Net quantity of increased electricity generation as a result of the project activity
(incremental to baseline generation) during the year y (MWh)
EGproject plant,y = Net quantity of electricity generated in the project plant during the year y (MWh)
εel, other plant = Average net efficiency of electricity generation in the other power plant that would use
the biomass residues fired in the project plant in the absence of the project activity
(MWhel/MWhbiomass)
BFk , y = Quantity of biomass residue type k combusted in the project plant during the year y (tons
of dry matter or liter)
NCVk = Net calorific value of the biomass residue type k (GJ/ton of dry matter or GJ/liter)
εel,other plant,y corresponds to the average net efficiency of electricity generation in the reference plant that
would be installed in the absence of the CDM project activity.
The average net efficiency generation in the other plant (εel,other plant,y) should be calculated by dividing the
electricity generation during the year y by the sum of all fuels (biomass residue types k and fossil fuel
types i), expressed in energy units, as follows:
EG otherplant, y
 el ,other plant, y 
 NCV
k
k  BFk , y
Where:
εel,other plant,y = Average net energy efficiency of electricity generation in the other plant
EGother plant,y = Net quantity of electricity generated in the other plant during the year y (MWh)
BFk,y = Quantity of biomass residue type k combusted in the project plant during the year y
(tons of dry matter or liter)
NCVk = Net calorific value of the biomass residue type k (GJ/ton of dry matter or GJ/liter)
The table below shows that the steam in the project plant is at higher enthalpy (heat content) as compared
to the steam in the reference plant.
Parameter Reference Plant Project Plant

Boiler Pressure 23 bar 65 bar
Boiler Temperature 350° C 480° C
Specific Enthalpy of superheated steam 3127.97 KJ/kg 3366.87 KJ/kg
Source: http://www.spiraxsarco.com/resources/steam-tables/superheated-steam.asp
The thermal efficiency14 (heat generated per unit bagasse) of the boilers in the project plant is larger
compared with the thermal efficiency of the reference plant considered in baseline scenario, according
table below.
Parameter Unit Reference Plant Project Plant

kg steam/kg
Steam generation per unit bagasse 1.9 1.8
bagasse
Heat generation per unit bagasse kJ/kg bagasse 5943.14 6060.37
Therefore, the emission reductions due to displacement of heat are assumed as zero (ERheat,y=0).
As ER heat,y can be estimated as zero, according with ACM0006, the variables Qproject plant, y (net quantity of
heat generated from firing biomass in the project plant), εboiler (average net energy efficiency of heat
generation in the boiler that is operated next to the project plant) do not need to be monitored on the
project activity.
The baseline emissions due to uncontrolled burning or decay of the biomass residues are zero (BEBiomass,y
= 0), since in this case the biomass residues would not decay or be burnt in the absence of the project
activity.
14
The proofing documents related to the thermal efficiency were shown in the validation process.
The diversion of biomass residues to the project activity is already considered in the calculation of
baseline reductions. Then, leakage effects do not need to be addressed (Ly. = 0).
Thus, ER y  ERelectricity , y
B.6.2. Data and parameters that are available at validation:
Data / Parameter: ε el,other plant

Data unit: MWhel/MWhbiomass
Description: Average net energy efficiency of electricity generation in the reference power
plant
Source of data used: Almoiz
Value applied: 0.0702
Justification of the The efficiency of electricity generation in commonly installed biomass residue
choice of data or fired cogeneration plants in the sugar cane sector in Pakistan. The efficiency
description of was chosen in a conservative manner, with a higher value within a plausible
measurement methods range, using relevant sources of information.
and procedures actually
applied :
Any comment: More details in Annex 3 – Baseline information
Data / Parameter: EFy

Data unit: tCO2 / MWh
Description: Combined margin CO2 emission factor of the grid
Source of data to be Pakistan Energy Year Book, 2004, 2005, 2006; Hydrocarbon Development
used: Institute of Pakistan.
Value of data applied 0.4902
for the purpose of
calculating expected
emission reductions in
section B.5
Description of
measurement methods The emission factor is calculated ex-post, as the weighted average of the OM
and procedures to be and BM emission factors, as described in B.6.3.
applied:
QA/QC procedures to Apply procedures in the ―ACM0002 Version 10: Consolidated methodology for
be applied: grid-connected electricity generation from renewable sources‖ and its
respective ―Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system‖.
Any comment: All data and parameters to determine the grid electricity emission factor, as
required by the ―ACM0002 Version 10: Consolidated methodology for grid-
connected electricity generation from renewable sources‖ and its respective
―Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system‖, Version 01.1,
were included in the monitoring plan.
B.6.3 Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions:
In order to calculate the ex-ante estimation of emission reductions for the first crediting period, estimated
figures were used for parameters that are not available when validation is undertaken or that are
monitored during the crediting period.
As detailed in B.6.1:
ER y  ERelectricity , y
ERelectricity, y  EG y  EFelectricity, y
The baseline emission factor (EFy) is calculated as a combined margin (CM), consisting of the
combination of operating margin (OM) and build margin (BM) factors. Calculations for this combined
margin were based on data from an official source and made publicly available.
Power plant capacity additions registered as CDM project activities were excluded from all calculations
below.
The baseline methodology ACM0002 considers the determination of the emissions factor for the grid to
which the project activity generates emission reductions. Pakistan comprises one national grid system.
The generating plants for the entire national grid are clearly identifiable and data for each grid is
available. Therefore, the national grid is the relevant one for this project.
STEP 1. Calculate the Operating Margin emission factor (EFOM,y)
Option (a) Simple OM, was chosen since the preferable choice (c) Dispatch Data Analysis OM would face
the barrier of data availability in Pakistan and low-cost/must run resources constitute less than 50% of
total grid generation in average of the five most recent years.
Share of low cost must run in total generation in national grid15

Year 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002
Share 35.6% 33.2% 35.5% 31.8% 29.3%
The provided information of dispatch of energy comprised year 2006, and is the most recent information
available at this stage.
According to the ACM0002 Version 07: Consolidated methodology for grid-connected electricity
generation from renewable sources and its respective Tool to calculate the emission factor for an
electricity system, the Simple OM Emission factor is calculated as the generation-weighted average CO2
emissions per unit net electricity generation (tCO2/MWh) of all generating power plants serving the
system, not including low-cost / must-run powers plants / units. It may be calculated:
 Based on data on fuel consumption and net electricity generation of each power plant / unit16
(Option A), or
 Based on data on net electricity generation, the average efficiency of each power unit and the fuel
type(s) used in each power unit (Option B), or
 Based on data on the total net electricity generation of all power plants serving the system and the
fuel types and total fuel consumption of the project electricity system (option C).
15
Calculated from data available in Pakistan Energy Year Book 2006 (page 5)
16
Power units should be considered if some of the power units at the site of the power plant are low-cost / must-run
units and some are not. Power plants can be considered if all power units at the site of the power plant belong to the
group of low-cost / must-run units or if all power units at the site of the power plant do not belong to the group of
low-cost / must-run units.
The option C was chosen because the Pakistan Energy Yearbook 2006 provides data on the total net
electricity generation of all power plants the system and the fuel types and total fuel consumption of the
project electricity system.
Simple OM emission factor is calculated based on the net electricity supplied to the grid by all power
plants serving the system, not including low-cost / must-run power plants and based on the fuel types and
total fuel consumption of the project electricity system, as follows:
 FC i, y  NCVi , y  EFCO2,i , y
EF  i
EG y
Where:
EFgrid,OMsimple,y = Simple operating margin CO2 emission factor in year y (tCO2/MWh).

FCi,y Amount of fossil fuel type i consumed in the project electricity system in year y
(mass or volume unit).
NCVi,y = Net calorific value (energy content) of fossil fuel type i in year y (GJ / mass or
volume unit).
EFCO2,i,y = CO2 emission factor of fossil fuel type i in year y (tCO2/GJ).
EGy = Net electricity generated and delivered to the grid by all power sources serving the
system, not including low-cost / must-run power plants / units, in year y (MWh)
i = All fossil fuel types combusted in power sources in the project electricity system in
year y.
y = Either the three most recent years for which data is available at the time of
submission of the CDM-PDD to the DOE for validation (ex ante option) or the
applicable year during monitoring (ex post option), following the guidance on data
vintage in step 2.
Finally, to determine the baseline ex-post, the mean average among the three years is calculated, finally
determining the EFOM:
EFOM , 2006 *  GEN j , 2006

EFOM 2006   0.6045
j
 GEN
j
j , 2006
STEP 2. Calculate the Build Margin emission factor (EFBM,y) as the generation-weighted average
emission factor (tCO2/MWh) of a sample of power plants m, as follows:
 F .COEF i ,m, y i ,m

i ,m
EFBM , y
 GEN m
m, y
Option 2 was chosen to calculate the Build Margin emission factor EFBM,y ex-post. The sample group m
consists of either the five power plants that have been built most recently or the power plant capacity additions
in the electricity system that comprise 20% of the system generation (in MWh) and that have been built most
recently. Then, the sample group comprises the first option.
EFBM , 2006  0.3759
STEP 3. Calculate the baseline emission factor EFy as the weighted average of the Operating Margin
emission factor (EFOM,y) and the Build Margin emission factor (EFBM,y):
EFy = wOM * EFOM , y + wBM * EFBM , y
The default weights are as follows: wOM = 0.5 and wBM = 0.5.
EF20042006  0.5 * 0.6045  0.5 * 0.3759  0.4902 tCO2e/MWh
The estimative of the emissions reductions is detailed in table below.

Almoiz Bagasse Cogeneration Project
Item
First Crediting period CERs
01-11-09 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 31-10-16
Total electricity generated by the project
32,426 97,277 97,277 97,277 97,277 97,277 97,277 64,852
plant (MWh)
Total electricity generated by the
16,569 49,706 49,706 49,706 49,706 49,706 49,706 33,137
reference plant (MWh)
Bagasse consumed (tons of dry matter) 48,000 144,000 144,000 144,000 144,000 144,000 144,000 96,000
Efficiency of Electricity generated -

0.07023 0.07023 0.07023 0.07023 0.07023 0.07023 0.07023 0.07023
reference plant (MWhel/MWhbagasse)
Net quantity of increased electricity
15,857 47,572 47,572 47,572 47,572 47,572 47,572 31,714
generation (MWh)
Pakistani emission factor (tCO2/MWh) 0.4902 0.4902 0.4902 0.4902 0.4902 0.4902 0.4902 0.4902
Emission reductions (tCO2) 7,773 23,319 23,319 23,319 23,319 23,319 23,319 15,546 163,233
B.6.4 Summary of the ex-ante estimation of emission reductions:
Estimation of
Estimation of Estimation of
project activity Estimation of
the baseline emission
Year emission leakage (tonnes
emissions reductions
(tonnes of of CO2e)
(tonnes of CO2e) (tonnes of CO2e)
CO2e)
15/03/2010 0 13,603 0 13,603
2010 0 23,319 0 23,319
2011 0 23,319 0 23,319
2012 0 23,319 0 23,319
2013 0 23,319 0 23,319
2014 0 23,319 0 23,319
2015 0 23,319 0 23,319
2016 0 23,319 0 23,319
14/03/2017 0 9,716 0 9,716
Total (tonnes of CO2e) 0 163,233 0 163,233
B.7 Application of the monitoring methodology and description of the monitoring plan:
B.7.1 Data and parameters monitored:
Data / Parameter: BFk,y

Data unit: Tonnes of dry matter
Description: Quantity of bagasse combusted in the project plant during the year y
Source of data to be Almoiz

used:
Value of data applied
for the purpose of 144,000
section B.5
Description of Measured through weight meters. Adjust for the moisture content in order to
measurement methods determine the quantity of dry biomass. The quantity shall be crosschecked with
and procedures to be the quantity of electricity (and heat) generated. Data will be archived 2 years
applied: following the end of the crediting period.
QA/QC procedures to Crosscheck the measurements with an annual energy balance.
be applied:
Any comment: To obtain the dry mass of bagasse the moist bagasse was multiplied by 50% (as
the estimated percentage of moisture in the bagasse is 50%). The quantity of
the moist bagasse is 288,000 tonnes.
Data / Parameter: NCVk

Data unit: GJ/ton of dry matter
Description: Net calorific value of bagasse
Source of data to be
Measurements
used:
for the purpose of
calculating expected 17.69
section B.5
Description of The calorific value of bagasse is provided by the sucrose content and the
measurement methods moisture content of the bagasse. These parameters are measured for the bagasse
and procedures to be and the following equation applied: NCV = 4250 – 12s - 48.5w where s is the %
applied: sucrose content and w is the % moisture content, which yields a NCV in
kCal/kg.
The kCal/kg may be simply converted to GJ/t. This equation is provided from
The Handbook of Sugar Cane Engineering, 3rd Edition, E Hugot, page 922,
equation 41.2017. The measurement of the NCV will be undertaken by the
laboratory located at the plant.
The data will be kept for the later of, two years after the end of the crediting
period or the last issuance of CERs for the project activity.
QA/QC procedures to This may be checked against other local or national values and if these are not
be applied: available from IPCC default values.
Any comment: Described in B.7.2
Data / Parameter: W
Data unit: % of water in moist bagasse
Description: Water content of bagasse
Measurements
used:
17
For the above calculation we have assume s = 2% and w = 0%.

for the purpose of
calculating expected 50
section B.5
Description of The water content of bagasse will be measured by third party specialist twice
measurement methods per shift using the Weighing Balance/Oven (Bagasse drying Method).
and procedures to be
applied: The data will be kept for the later of, two years after the end of the crediting
QA/QC procedures to This may be checked against other local or national values and, if these are not
be applied: available, sector-specific technical literature will be used.
Any comment: Described in B.7.2
Data / Parameter: S
Data unit: % of sucrose in moist bagasse
Description: Sucrose content of bagasse
Measurements
used:
for the purpose of
calculating expected 2
section B.5
Description of The sucrose content of bagasse will be measured by third party specialist twice
measurement methods per shift using a Polari meter.
applied: The data will be kept for the later of, two years after the end of the crediting
QA/QC procedures to This may be checked against other local or national values and, if these are not
be applied: available, sector-specific technical literature will be used.
Data / Parameter: EGproject plant,y

Data unit: MWh/yr
Description: Net quantity of electricity generated in the project plant during the year y
Source of data to be On-site measurements
used:
for the purpose of
calculating expected 97,277
section B.5
Description of
measurement methods
Net Quantity of Electricity generated would be measured on an hourly basis
applied:
QA/QC procedures to The Plant Manager will use all the available tools, such as the relation between
be applied: specific fuel consumption and total steam and electricity generation, to verify
the accuracy and correctness of the data.
The consistency of metered net electricity generation can be cross-checked with

the quantity of fuels fired (check whether the electricity generation divided by
the quantity of fuels fired results in a reasonable efficiency that is comparable

to previous years). The net electricity exported to the grid, after accounting for
auxiliary consumption or any import for the project activity will be monitored
as indicated in the monitoring plan and shall be cross checked against the
receipts, as available.
Meter equipment will be calibrated according to manufacturer specifications.
The data will be stored both electronically and on paper for a minimum of two
years after the last issuance of CERs for the project activity.
Any comment:
Data / Parameter: HGts,day

Data unit: ts/day (ton steam per day)
Description: Total steam generated during the day d
Source of data to be On-site measurements
used:
for the purpose of
calculating expected -
section B.5
Description of
measurement methods
Ton steam per day would be measured on an hourly basis
applied:
QA/QC procedures to The Plant Manager will use all the available tools to verify the accuracy and
be applied: correctness of the data.
Meter equipment will be calibrated according to manufacturer specifications.
The data will be stored both electronically and on paper for a minimum of two
Any comment:
Data / Parameter: EFy

Data unit: tCO2 / MWh
Description: Combined margin CO2 emission factor of the grid
Source of data to be Pakistan Energy Year Book, 2004, 2005, 2006; Hydrocarbon Development
used: Institute of Pakistan.
Value of data applied 0.4902
for the purpose of
section B.5
Description of
measurement methods The emission factor is calculated ex-post, as the weighted average of the OM
and procedures to be and BM emission factors, as described in B.6.3.
applied:
QA/QC procedures to Apply procedures in the ―ACM0002 Version 07: Consolidated methodology for
be applied: grid-connected electricity generation from renewable sources‖ and its
respective ―Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system‖.
Any comment: All data and parameters to determine the grid electricity emission factor, as
required by the ―Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system‖,
Version 01.1, were included in the monitoring plan.
B.7.2 Description of the monitoring plan:
The following parameters will be monitored by this project activity:
1. Net electricity generated by the project plant;

2. Total steam generated by the project plant;
3. Electricity exported to the grid;
4. Quantity of bagasse combusted in the project plant;
5. Moisture content of bagasse (in order to determine NCV of bagasse);
6. Sucrose content of bagasse (in order to determine NCV of bagasse);
7. Grid emission factor (calculated annually according to B.6.3.).
The table below lists the data and parameters to be monitored, data measuring frequency, equipments
used for measuring along with their calibration mode and frequency.
Table 4 - Data measuring and equipment calibration frequency

Calibration
Measuring Equipment/ Calibration Mode
Data/Parameter Frequency
frequency Method used
Internal External
Net electricity generated Third party
Hourly Energy meter __ Yearly
by project plant specialist
Peshawar Electric As per
Import/Export
Electricity export to grid Monthly __ Supply Company PESCO’s
Energy Meter
(PESCO) rules
To de defined
Bagasse consumed at the Continuous To be according to
Weight meter To be determined
mill ly. determined manufacturer
suggestion
Total steam generated by Steam Flow
Hourly Almoiz __ Yearly
the boilers Meter / Totalizer
Weighing
Moisture Content of Twice per Balance/Oven Third party
__ Yearly
Bagasse shift (Bagasse drying specialist
Method)
Sucrose Content of Twice per Third party
Polari meter __ Yearly
Bagasse shift specialist
All the equipments will be properly tagged showing the equipment name, description/model, date when
the calibration is done and the date when the next calibration is due.
The table below presents the measurement accuracy of the equipments used for monitoring CER
generation.
Table 5 - Uncertainties involved in data measurement

Standard Deviation/
Equipment name
Uncertainty
Import/Export energy meter ± 0.5%
Internal consumption energy meter ± 0.5%
Bagasse weight meter To de defined by manufacturer
Steam generation flow meter ± 0.075 %
Moisture content ± 0.5 %
Sucrose content ± 0.005 o
Any erroneous measurements will be rectified first by crosschecking with other monitored parameters. If
this is not sufficient, erroneous measurements may be rectified by using the lowest available values from
historical data records similar in terms of operating conditions (this is a conservative approach).
The electricity generation will be monitored using an online monitoring system. In order to ensure data
consistency, the readings of the calibrated meter equipment must be recorded in an electronic spreadsheet
and the sales receipt must be archived for double checking the data.
Peshawar Electric Supply Company Limited (PESCO) is responsible for reading the electricity measuring
device and for the calibration of the measuring device.
The verification of the NCV of bagasse is done measuring the bagasse moisture content and sucrose twice
per shift (six times a day in three shifts), by using the formula:
NCV = 4250 – 12 S – 48.5 W
Where:
S = Sucrose content of bagasse;

W = Water content of bagasse.
Assuming S = 2 and W = 0 (dry matter), the NCV can be given as, 4,226 kcal / kg or 17.6 GJ / ton of dry
matter.
The hierarchal structure of the staff/team responsible for data collection, equipment calibration, data
monitoring and verification for Almoiz Bagasse Cogeneration Project is presented below.
Plant Manager
(Project In charge)
Sugar Recovery Manager

Mechanical Works E&I Manager
Manager (Electrical & Instrumentation)
Lab In charge
Boiler Engineer Deputy Chief Chief Instrumentation
(Boiler House) Electrical Engineer Engineer
Supervisor/Foreman Switch Board Assistant Instrumentation Third Party/

(Boiler House) Attendant Engineer Equipment Supplier
(Internal Calibration)
Figure 7 - Project Monitoring Team

The table below lists the designations and responsibilities of the staff responsible for monitoring.
Table 6 - Designations and Responsibilities of Almoiz Project Monitoring Team

Responsibilities
Designations Staff Data Initial Data Final Data Internal External
Auditing
Competency Collection Verification Verification Calibration Calibration
1 Plant Manager
● ● ● ●
(Project In charge)
2 Mechanical Works
● ●
Manager
3 Boiler Engineer
●
(Boiler House)
4 E&I Manager (Electrical
● ● ● ●
& Instrumentation)
5 Deputy Chief Electrical
●
Engineer
6 Chief Instrumentation
●
Engineer
7 Switch Board Attendant ●
8 Supervisor/Foreman
●
(Boiler House)
9 Assistant Instrumentation
Engineer ●
10 External (Third Party)
●
Equipment Supplier
11 Sugar Recovery Manager ● ●
12 Lab In charge
●
Data collection is divided into three main departments: Mechanical Department; Electrical &
Instrumentation (E&I) Department; and Process Department. The Switch Board Attendant will be
responsible for taking energy meter readings (hourly basis) for net electricity generated by steam turbines
during each shift. The Lab In charge is responsible for collecting the initial data for Moisture Content and
Sucrose Content. The Sugar Recovery Manager shall do the initial and final verification of the data before
sending it to Plant Manager
Deputy Chief Electrical Engineer and Boiler Engineer will do an initial verification of the data at the end
of each shift. Data from all the shifts will be consolidated into a daily report to be checked by the
Mechanical Works Manager, E&I Manager, and Sugar Recovery Manager before being sent to the Plant
Manager for final verification. The Plant Manager, who is ultimately responsible for the effective
implementation of the monitoring plan, will use all the available tools, such as the relation between
specific fuel consumption and total steam and electricity generation, to verify the accuracy and
correctness of the data. The data will be stored both electronically and on paper for a minimum of two
The Plant Manager is also responsible for selecting competent individuals and providing them thorough
training for data monitoring, auditing and verification in the context of Clean Development Mechanism.
The E&I Manager shall establish and maintain a calibration schedule which lists the equipments to be
calibrated, their model and calibration frequency. The E&I Manager will take care of both internal and
external calibration.
The Plant Manager in collaboration with the Mechanical Works Manager and the Chief Instrumentation
Engineer will conduct annual internal audits to make sure that the above mentioned procedures for
collection and verification of the data are properly applied.
The Plant Manager will make sure that all the quality control and quality assurance procedures are
properly implemented. Records will be stored in individual departments mentioned in the monitoring plan
and final data in Plant Manager’s office.
B.8 Date of completion of the application of the baseline study and monitoring methodology and
the name of the responsible person(s)/entity(ies)
The date of completion the application of the methodology to the project activity study is October, 15th
2008.
The person/entity determining the baseline is as follows:

Econergy Brasil Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil
Telephone: +55 (11) 3555-5700
Email: carbon@econergy.com.br
Contact person: Mr. Francisco do Espirito Santo Filho
SECTION C. Duration of the project activity / crediting period
C.1 Duration of the project activity:
C.1.1. Starting date of the project activity:
12/08/2005
According to CDM glossary of terms, the starting date of a non A/R project activity as ―the earliest date
at which either the implementation or construction or real action of a project activity begins‖.
Considering the information above, the first real action for Almoiz Bagasse Cogeneration Project
implementation was in August 12th, 2005 when the commercial invoice for the purchase of the 12 MW
turbine was issued for AlMoiz Industries Limited.
C.1.2. Expected operational lifetime of the project activity:
21 years and 0 months
C.2 Choice of the crediting period and related information:
C.2.1. Renewable crediting period
C.2.1.1. Starting date of the first crediting period:
The date which occurs later between 15/03/2010 and the date of Registration on CDM Executive Board.
C.2.1.2. Length of the first crediting period:
7 years and 0 months
C.2.2. Fixed crediting period:
C.2.2.1. Starting date:
Left blank on purpose
C.2.2.2. Length:
Left blank on purpose
SECTION D. Environmental impacts
D.1. Documentation on the analysis of the environmental impacts, including transboundary

impacts:
According to the Pakistani laws, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was analyzed by the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Government of NWFP, Peshawar on May 10th, 2006.
Moreover, the new equipments, being more efficient and modern, have more sophisticated control
devices and are therefore even less likely to cause any environmental problems.
D.2. If environmental impacts are considered significant by the project participants or the host
Party, please provide conclusions and all references to support documentation of an environmental
impact assessment undertaken in accordance with the procedures as required by the host Party:
After careful review, the EPA has decided to accord approval of the Environmental Impact Assessment
for AlMoiz Industries Limited in line with the guidelines issued by EPA and IEE/EIA Regulations, 2000
subject to the following terms and conditions:
 The proponent will adopt all precautionary and mitigatory measures identified in EIA report as
well as any un-anticipated impacts during the construction and operation phase of project.
 The proponent must ensure the plantation around the sugar industry as well along the access road.
 The proponent must ensure the plantations of Dhaki Dates in the area and distribution of plants of
Dhake Dates among the farmers of the area.
 The proponent will introduce fifty scholarships of each Rs. 200/per month for outstanding
students in the public/government schools of the area.
 The proponent will ensure that un-skilled employment should be given to the local people of the
area.
SECTION E. Stakeholders’ comments
E.1. Brief description how comments by local stakeholders have been invited and compiled:
Comments were collected during the development of Almoiz EIA report. The comments were on the
environmental and socio economic effects of the project being setup. The comments were collected in
form of Field Survey Questionnaire.
The aim of this Survey was to collect opinions concerning the influence the project would have on the
local society, economy, and daily life.
The survey was conducted during October of 2005 in context of Environmental Impact Assessment and
the comments of the survey were compiled in the EIA report18.
The attendants this Survey were:

 Member of Executive District Officer of the Finance & Planning Department;
 Member of Divisional Forest Officer, Forestry Department;
 Community Department;
 Irrigation Department;
 Students;
 Farmers;
 Land owners;
 Job seekers;
 Citizens of the area;
 Others (A list with all the attendants to this meeting has been included in EIA report)
18
Almoiz EIA, annex X, page 117 – 128.
Local government and other sugar mills in the area were invited to comment on the various aspects of the
plant after they were introduced to the technology being incorporated in the plant.
E.2. Summary of the comments received:
The management of the Thal Industries Corporation Ltd. Layyah Sugar Mills congratulated Almoiz
Industries for the project development, according to Figure 8.They were very impressed by the fact that
the industry has acquired latest and efficient technology, like the 65 bar boilers, in order to reduce their
emissions. The fact that Almoiz is also trying its level best to promote sugar beet cultivation in the area
will benefit small farmers as selling price of sugar beet is more as compared to wheat crop. Another
important aspect they raised was the use of efficient technology that will help to make the industry self
sufficient and moreover to sell the surplus electricity to the grid.
Figure 8 - Thal Industries Corporation letter
In Figure 9, the Thesil Municipal Administration of Paharpur highlighted the positive effects of project on
the land as well as people living over there as it will improve the socioeconomics conditions of the local
people. Almoiz has created opportunities for farmers to earn revenue by growing sugar beet as an
additional crop. Sugar beet is the second most profitable crop after sugar cane. Young technical people
from the local University have been given an opportunity to prove themselves as competent individuals.
They were thankful for Almoiz introducing the latest technology concept which will be surely
benchmarked by other sugar mills of Pakistan in the coming future.
Figure 9 - Thesil Municipal Administration letter
E.3. Report on how due account was taken of any comments received:
The comments were separately filed by Almoiz for any improvement and a copy of the original letter
containing the comments is provided with project participants.
Annex 1
CONTACT INFORMATION ON PARTICIPANTS IN THE PROJECT ACTIVITY

Project Participant 1:
Organization: AlMoiz Industries Limited.

Street/P.O.Box: 2D-1 Gulberg-III
Building:
City: Lahore
State/Region: Punjab
Postfix/ZIP:
Country: Pakistan
Telephone: 0092-42-5771067-71
FAX: 0092-42-5756687
E-Mail:
URL:
Represented by: Mr. Nauman Ahmed Khan
Title: Director
Salutation: Mr.
Last Name: Khan
Middle Name: Ahmed
First Name: Nauman
Department:
Mobile:
Direct FAX:
Direct tel:
Personal E-Mail: nauman.khan@almoiz.com
Project Participant 2:
Organization: Carbon Services Limited

Street/P.O.Box: 2nd Floor, Al Maalik,
19 Davis Road
Building:
City: Lahore
State/Region: Punjab
Postfix/ZIP:
Country: Pakistan
Telephone: +92-42-6313235 / 6313236
FAX: +92-42-6312959
E-Mail:
URL: www.carbon.com.pk
Represented by: Mr. Omar Malik
Title: Director
Salutation: Mr.
Last Name: Malik
Middle Name:
First Name: Omar
Department:
Mobile: +92-300-8463743
Direct FAX: +92-42-6312959
Direct tel: +92-42-6313235 / 6313236
Personal E-Mail: omar.malik@carbon.com.pk
Annex 2
INFORMATION REGARDING PUBLIC FUNDING
There is no Annex I public funding involved in the Almoiz project activity.

Annex 3
BASELINE INFORMATION
1 - Emission factor calculation
The generation, transmission, distribution and retail supply of electricity in Pakistan is presently
undertaken by two vertically integrated public sector utilities, with significant contribution to generation
from various private Independent Power Producers (―IPPs‖). These utilities are the Water and Power
Development Authority (―WAPDA‖) and the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (―KESC‖). WAPDA
supplies power to all of Pakistan except the metropolitan city of Karachi and some of its surrounding
areas which are supplied by KESC. WAPDA and KESC are interconnected grids and constitute a single
national grid.
Electricity generation during 2005-06 increased by 9.3% (with 20% increase in hydro generation) over
the last year reached 93,621 GWh. Electricity generation included 64.4% thermal, 33.0% hydro and 2.7%
nuclear. Now IPP is steadily decreasing and hydro is increasing its share.
Source: www.presidentofpakistan.gov.pk
The emission factor calculation is demonstrated below, as explained in B.6.3. Data were collected from
the Pakistan Energy Year Book, 2004, 2005, 2006; Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan.
Fuel consumption for power generation and conversion efficiency

(Source: Pakistan Energy Year Book 2004, 2005 and 2006)
2006
G Gas consumption for power generation (GJ) 417.766.283
a CO2 emission factor of gas (kg CO2/GJ) 56,1
s parcial total emissions (tCO2) 23.436.688
O Oil consumption for power generation (GJ) 172.038.138
i CO2 emission factor of oil (kg CO2/GJ) 74,1
l parcial total emissions (tCO2) 12.742.291
C Coal consumption for power generation (GJ) 2.797.276
o
CO2 emission factor of coal (kg CO2/GJ) 94,6
a
l parcial total emissions (tCO2) 264.622
total emissions (tCO2) 36.443.602
EGy (MWh) 60.283.090,00
Operating Margin (tCO2/MWh) 0,6045
Fuel consumption for power generation and Operating Margin
(Source: Pakistan Energy Year Book 2006)
tCO2/MWh WOM and W BM

EFOM 0,6045 0,500
EFBM 0,3759 0,500
EFCM 0,4902
2 - Bagasse NCV and Efficiency of the Reference Plant Calculations
The tables below show the bagasse NCV and efficiency of the reference plant calculations.
Bagasse NCV Calculation
NCV = 4250 – 12 * s - 48.5 * w
Variable Parameter Unit Value

s Sucrose Content of Bagasse 2
w Moisture Content of Bagasse 0
NCV NCV of Bagasse (Dry Basis) kcals/kg 4,226
NCV of Bagasse (Dry Basis) GJ/t 17.69
Efficiency of the Reference Plant Calculation
ε el,other plant = (EGreference plant * 3.6) / (BFk,y * NCV)
Variable Parameter Unit Value
EGreference plant Total Electricity Generated by the Reference Plant MWh/year 49,706
BFk,y Total Bagasse Consumption (Dry Basis) tons/year 144,000
ε el,other plant Efficiency of the Reference plant MWh el/ MWh biomass 0.0702
Annex 4
MONITORING INFORMATION
The following parameters will be monitored by this project activity:
1. Net electricity generated by the project plant;

2. Total steam generated by the project plant;
3. Electricity exported to the grid;
4. Quantity of bagasse combusted in the project plant;
5. Moisture content of bagasse (in order to determine NCV of bagasse);
6. Sucrose content of bagasse (in order to determine NCV of bagasse);
7. Grid emission factor (calculated annually according to B.6.3.).
The table below lists the data and parameters to be monitored, data measuring frequency, equipments
used for measuring along with their calibration mode and frequency.
Table 7 - Data measuring and equipment calibration frequency

Calibration
Measuring Equipment/ Calibration Mode
Data/Parameter Frequency
frequency Method used
Internal External
Net electricity generated Third party
Hourly Energy meter __ Yearly
by project plant specialist
Peshawar Electric As per
Import/Export
Electricity export to grid Monthly __ Supply Company PESCO’s
Energy Meter
(PESCO) rules
To de defined
Bagasse consumed at the Continuous To be according to
Weight meter To be determined
mill ly. determined manufacturer
suggestion
Total steam generated by Steam Flow
Hourly Almoiz __ Yearly
the boilers Meter / Totalizer
Weighing
Moisture Content of Twice per Balance/Oven Third party
__ Yearly
Bagasse shift (Bagasse drying specialist
Method)
Sucrose Content of Twice per Third party
Polari meter __ Yearly
Bagasse shift specialist
All the equipments will be properly tagged showing the equipment name, description/model, date when
the calibration is done and the date when the next calibration is due.
The table below presents the measurement accuracy of the equipments used for monitoring CER
generation.
Table 8 - Uncertainties involved in data measurement

Standard Deviation/
Equipment name
Uncertainty
Import/Export energy meter ± 0.5%
Internal consumption energy meter ± 0.5%
Bagasse weight meter To be determined by the manufacturer
Steam generation flow meter ± 0.075 %
Moisture content ± 0.5 %
Sucrose content ± 0.005 o
The electricity generation will be monitored using an online monitoring system. In order to ensure data
consistency, the readings of the calibrated meter equipment must be recorded in an electronic spreadsheet
and the sales receipt must be archived for double checking the data.
Peshawar Electric Supply Company Limited (PESCO) is responsible for reading the electricity measuring
device and for the calibration of the measuring device.
The verification of the NCV of bagasse is done measuring the bagasse moisture content and sucrose twice
per shift (six times a day in three shifts), by using the formula:
NCV = 4250 – 12 S – 48.5 W
Where:
S = Sucrose content of bagasse;
W = Water content of bagasse.
Assuming S = 2 and W = 0 (dry matter), the NCV can be given as, 4,226 kcal / kg or 17.6 GJ / ton of dry
matter.
The hierarchal structure of the staff/team responsible for data collection, equipment calibration, data
monitoring and verification for Almoiz Bagasse Cogeneration Project is presented below.
Plant Manager
(Project In charge)
Sugar Recovery Manager

Mechanical Works E&I Manager
Manager (Electrical & Instrumentation)
Lab In charge
Boiler Engineer Deputy Chief Chief Instrumentation
(Boiler House) Electrical Engineer Engineer
Supervisor/Foreman Switch Board Assistant Instrumentation Third Party/

(Boiler House) Attendant Engineer Equipment Supplier
Figure 10 - Project Monitoring Team

The table below lists the designations and responsibilities of the staff responsible for monitoring.
Table 9 - Designations and Responsibilities of Almoiz Project Monitoring Team

Responsibilities
Designations Staff Data Initial Data Final Data Internal External
Auditing
Competency Collection Verification Verification Calibration Calibration
1 Plant Manager
● ● ● ●
(Project In charge)
2 Mechanical Works
● ●
Manager
3 Boiler Engineer
●
(Boiler House)
4 E&I Manager (Electrical
● ● ● ●
& Instrumentation)
5 Deputy Chief Electrical
●
Engineer
6 Chief Instrumentation
●
Engineer
7 Switch Board Attendant ●
8 Supervisor/Foreman
●
(Boiler House)
9 Assistant Instrumentation
Engineer ●
10 External (Third Party)
●
Equipment Supplier
11 Sugar Recovery Manager ● ●
12 Lab In charge
●
Data collection is divided into three main departments: Mechanical Department; Electrical &
Instrumentation (E&I) Department; and Process Department. The Switch Board Attendant will be
responsible for taking energy meter readings (hourly basis) for net electricity generated by steam turbines
during each shift. The Lab In charge is responsible for collecting the initial data for Moisture Content and
Sucrose Content. The Sugar Recovery Manager shall do the initial and final verification of the data before
sending it to Plant Manager
Deputy Chief Electrical Engineer and Boiler Engineer will do an initial verification of the data at the end
of each shift. Data from all the shifts will be consolidated into a daily report to be checked by the
Mechanical Works Manager, E&I Manager, and Sugar Recovery Manager before being sent to the Plant
Manager for final verification. The Plant Manager, who is ultimately responsible for the effective
implementation of the monitoring plan, will use all the available tools, such as the relation between
specific fuel consumption and total steam and electricity generation, to verify the accuracy and
correctness of the data. The data will be stored both electronically and on paper for a minimum of two
The Plant Manager is also responsible for selecting competent individuals and providing them thorough
training for data monitoring, auditing and verification in the context of Clean Development Mechanism.
The E&I Manager shall establish and maintain a calibration schedule which lists the equipments to be
calibrated, their model and calibration frequency. The E&I Manager will take care of both internal and
external calibration.
The Plant Manager in collaboration with the Mechanical Works Manager and the Chief Instrumentation
Engineer will conduct annual internal audits to make sure that the above mentioned procedures for
collection and verification of the data are properly applied.
The Plant Manager will make sure that all the quality control and quality assurance procedures are
properly implemented. Records will be stored in individual departments mentioned in the monitoring plan
and final data in Plant Manager’s office.

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PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

CDM – Executive Board page 1

CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM

A. General description of project activity

B. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology

C. Duration of the project activity / crediting period

Annex 1: Contact information on participants in the project activity

Annex 2: Information regarding public funding

Annex 3: Baseline information

Annex 4: Monitoring plan

CDM – Executive Board page 2

SECTION A. General description of project activity

A.1 Title of the project activity:

Almoiz Bagasse Cogeneration Project

A.2. Description of the project activity:

CDM – Executive Board page 3

CDM – Executive Board page 4

A.3. Project participants:

Kindly indicate if the

AlMoiz Industries Limited (private

United Kingdom of Great Carbon Services Limited (private

A.4. Technical description of the project activity:

A.4.1. Location of the project activity:

A.4.1.1. Host Party(ies):

A.4.1.2. Region/State/Province etc.:

A.4.1.3. City/Town/Community etc:

Dera Ismail Khan

A.4.1.4. Detail of physical location, including information allowing the

Geographical coordinates: 32° 02’ 14.83‖N and 70° 58’57.25‖E.

CDM – Executive Board page 5

Figure 1 - Geographical position

Figure 2 – Almoiz location

A.4.2. Category(ies) of project activity:

Sectoral Scope 1: Energy Industries (renewable/non renewable sources).

CDM – Executive Board page 6

A.4.3. Technology to be employed by the project activity:

CDM – Executive Board page 7

Figure 3 - Schematic diagram of a biomass-fired steam-Rankine cycle for cogeneration using a

CDM – Executive Board page 8

Equipments installed at the project activity

Turbo-generator (TG) #1 PROCESS

Figure 4 - Almoiz bagasse cogeneration technical data

The list of the equipments in the project activity is:

According to manufacturer specifications, the boilers burn only biomass residue.

CDM – Executive Board page 9

Table 1 – Project activity data for the cogeneration plant

Figure 5 - View of the boilers

CDM – Executive Board page 10

Figure 6 - A view from top of Diffuser

CDM – Executive Board page 11

Annual estimation of emission

A.4.5. Public funding of the project activity:

There is no Annex I public funding involved in the Almoiz project.

SECTION B. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology

CDM – Executive Board page 12

The methodology is applicable under the following conditions:

 Two 80 ts/h 65 bar (high pressure) boilers;

CDM – Executive Board page 13

Emission sources included in the project boundary:

Source Gas Justification / Explanation

CH4 Excluded Excluded for simplification. This is conservative.

CO2 Excluded It is assumed that CO2 emissions from surplus biomass

CDM – Executive Board page 14