ISNE 09 Booklet

Agenda and Abstracts
of
The 2nd International Symposium
on Nuclear Energy
(ISNE‐09)
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻭﻴﺔ‬
October 26‐28, 2009
Amman, Jordan

organized by

Al-Balqa Applied University BAU

in collaboration with
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission JAEC
and
Jordan Nuclear Regulatory Commission JNRC
http://isne.bau.edu.jo

isne@bau.edu.jo

Under the Patronage of
H.E.
Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources

nd
The 2 International Symposium on Nuclear Energy
(ISNE‐09)
October 26‐28, 2009 • Amman, Jordan
organized by
and
SENA
Establishment ‫ﻧـﻘـﺎﺑـــﺔ اﻟﻤـﻬﻨـﺪﺳـــــﻴﻦ‬
For Laboratory Equipment
Trading ‫اﻷردﻧـــــﻴﻴﻦ‬
”‫“ﻓﺮع اﻟﺒﻠﻘﺎء‬
Scientific Committee Steering Committee Organizing Committee
Saed Dababneh Saed Dababneh Ghandi Anfoka

Jordan Nuclear Regulatory Jordan Nuclear Regulatory Al-Balqa Applied University
Commission Commission Qazem Jaber
Ned Xoubi Ned Xoubi Al-Balqa Applied University
Jordan Atomic Energy Jordan Atomic Energy Moh'd Al-Kharabsheh
Commission Commission Al-Balqa Applied University
Marwan S. Mousa Dia Arafah Ziad S. Hamatteh
Mutah University The University of Jordan Al-Balqa Applied University
Munir Dababneh Qazem Jaber Mohd Gaith
Al-Balqa Applied University Al- Balqa Applied University Al-Balqa Applied University
Eid A. E. Al Tarazi Abdel-Fatah Lehlooh Mousa Imran
The Hashemite University Yarmouk University Al-Balqa Applied University
Mousa S. Mohsen Salaheddin Malkawi Ibrahim Al-Hamarneh
The Hashemite University Jordan University of Science Al-Balqa Applied University
Abed Alhaleem Wrikat and Technology Jamil S. Al-Azzeh
Jordan Atomic Energy Al-Balqa Applied University
Commission Riad Joudeh
Ahmad Khataibeh Al-Balqa Applied University
Jordan University of Science
and Technology
Mousa Imran
Al-Balqa Applied University
Iyad Alqaseer
The University of Jordan

SYMPOSIUM CHAIRS
Abdallah Al-Zoubi
BAU
Saed Dababneh Ned Xoubi
JNRC & BAU JAEC

Contents
INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................1
EXPECTED OUTCOMES................................................................................................................................2
THEMATIC SCOPE .......................................................................................................................................3
Symposium Agenda.........................................................................................................................................5
Monday, October 26, 2009 ...........................................................................................................................5
Tuesday, October 27, 2009 ..........................................................................................................................7
Wednesday, October 28, 2009......................................................................................................................8
ABSTRACTS .................................................................................................................................................. 11
Khaled Toukan .......................................................................................................................................... 13
Abdelmajid Mahjoub .................................................................................................................................. 15
Ishfaq Ahmad ............................................................................................................................................ 16
I. Othman ................................................................................................................................................. 17
I. Othman ................................................................................................................................................. 18
Mohammad Ghoneim ................................................................................................................................. 19
A.C. De Vuono and A.G. Lee ....................................................................................................................... 20
Jaejoo Ha .................................................................................................................................................. 21
A.G. Lee and A.C. De Vuono ....................................................................................................................... 22
Youn Won Park.......................................................................................................................................... 23
Konstantin N. Proskuryakov ........................................................................................................................24
Yu. Kazansky and D. Klinov ........................................................................................................................ 25
Messaoud Baaliouamer .............................................................................................................................. 26
Houshyar Noshad ...................................................................................................................................... 27
Luc Vanhoenacker ..................................................................................................................................... 28
Luc Vanhoenacker ..................................................................................................................................... 29
Carmen Angulo .......................................................................................................................................... 30
L. Erradi .................................................................................................................................................... 31
Joseph Magill............................................................................................................................................. 32
Youcef Bouaichaoui, Rachid Kibboua, Anis Bousbia-Salah, Abderrahmane Belkaid ......................................... 33
Hani N. Khoury .......................................................................................................................................... 34
Joseph Huse .............................................................................................................................................. 35
Ned Xoubi ................................................................................................................................................. 36
M. M. Abu-Samreh ..................................................................................................................................... 37
Ektimal Al-Nemri ........................................................................................................................................ 38
Kafa Khasawneh, Saed Dababneh, Zaid Odibat ............................................................................................ 39
Hanan Saleh, Saed Dababneh, Jamal Sharaf, Shada Ramahi ........................................................................ 40
O. Nusair et al. .......................................................................................................................................... 41
Eshraq Ababneh, Saed Dababneh, Sharif Qatarneh, Shada Ramahi ............................................................ 42
Sajedah M. Al-Amir, Ibrahim F. Al-Hamarneh, Tahseen Al-Abed .................................................................. 43
Ahmad Al-Qararah, Saed Dababneh, Ibrahim F. Al-Hamarneh ..................................................................... 44
[The Second International Symposium on Nuclear Energy ISNE-09 - October 26-28, 2009 Amman - Jordan ]
The 2nd International Symposium on Nuclear Energy

(ISNE-09)
October 26-28, 2009 • Amman, Jordan
and

http://isne.bau.edu.jo
isne@bau.edu.jo
INTRODUCTION

In Jordan, as well as in other countries in the region, considerable interest has
been devoted during the last period to the nuclear industry; not only due to its potential
use as a power source, but due to the necessity to promote peaceful applications of
nuclear sciences as well. The persistent call for water desalination contributes strongly
in this context.
As a highly technical endeavor, the use of nuclear technology relies heavily on the
accumulation of knowledge. This includes basic science in addition to technical
information in the form of scientific research, engineering, regulatory reviews, safety
procedures, wide scope of applications, and education.
Although there is an unambiguous need for capacity building through transfer of
knowledge, the recognition of achieving added value through national initiatives should
be considered as well.
In this context, this symposium aims at bringing together distinguished
specialists from esteemed international institutions, and from the industry, in order to
present their experiences to the local scientific, technical, and administrative
community concerned with promoting peaceful nuclear technology.
The purpose of this symposium is to stress the responsibility shared by the
national nuclear regulator JNRC, the national promoter and developer of Jordan's
nuclear program JAEC and educational institutions like BAU to establish and maintain
strong and effective procedures to be followed in order to realize a successful peaceful
nuclear program. This symposium, and similar events, comprises a vital part of the
national effort necessary to review the effectiveness and performance of the various
practices, focusing on the important role played by each of the relevant national
institutions.

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 1

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

It is expected that the symposium will give recommendations and guidance on
the issues facing countries working on introducing nuclear power for the first time, such
as:

• Accessibility of nuclear technology for smaller countries;
• Human resource development to fulfill the future need of the regulator,
and operator of nuclear power;
• How to present the technical message to the public;
• Security of fuel supply;
• Enhancing and maintaining independent and effective national regulatory
system, given the challenges associated with launching a new nuclear
power program;
• Prioritizing and addressing emerging issues concerning multinational and
national responsibility for nuclear safety and security;
• Economical and environmental feasibility of uranium mining;
• Radioactive waste management and disposal;
• Promoting peaceful applications of nuclear technology in fields like
medicine, industry, agriculture, and similar civilian domains;
• Fostering effective cooperation with international institutions for the
sharing of knowledge, practices and information.

We will do our best in order to maximize the achievements of ISNE09. The final
judgment on how many of these expected outcomes have actually been achieved will
help us develop our experience for the benefit of the next similar events.


THEMATIC SCOPE

The following topical issues have been identified as subjects for the symposium
sessions.
• Topical Issue No. 1: Nuclear Reactors
This session will address a wide scope of issues associated with nuclear reactor
technologies, covering both nuclear power plants and research reactors.
• Topical Issue No. 2: Nuclear Safety, Security and Human Resources
This session will address recent developments in regulatory management systems. The
session will focus on issues related to establishing and continuously improving
regulatory effectiveness and effective independence. Public awareness as a major
component of any nuclear program will be addressed as well. Strategies for capacity
building in terms of nuclear and radiological education, tutoring and training will be
one major focus of the symposium.
• Topical Issue No. 3: Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Front and backends of the nuclear fuel cycle for power plants and research reactors
will be addressed. Though spent nuclear fuel and waste management issues are very
important, but current matters concerning uranium mining will be of major focus.
Therefore, the feasibility of uranium extraction and production, economically, and in
terms of environmental impact, will be discussed.
• Topical Issue No. 4: Applications of Nuclear Technology
These sessions will be devoted to industrial, medical, agricultural and other
applications of nuclear technology. Local contributions are expected to be partly
concentrated in this category.


The Rose-Red City of Petra
The Dead Sea
Jerash

The 2nd International Symposium on Nuclear Energy
(ISNE‐09)
October 26‐28, 2009 • Amman, Jordan
Al‐Balqa Applied University BAU
and
Symposium Agenda
Sunday, October 25, 2009

(and before)
Arrival to Amman
Monday, October 26, 2009

08:00 to 10:00 Registration
10:00 to 10:30 Opening Ceremony

10:30 to 11:00 Coffee Break
Session I
Chairperson: To be announced.
Khaled Toukan
11:00 to 11:40 (Chairman, Jordan Atomic Energy Commission JAEC)
JORDAN: WHY NUCLEAR?
Abdelmajid Mahjoub
11:40 to 12:20 (Director General, Arab Atomic Energy Agency AAEA)
THE ARAB NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMMES: A CHALLENGE TO MEET.
Ishfaq Ahmad
(Advisor S&T/MoS, Planning Commission of Pakistan)
12:20 to 13:00
ROLE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN ENERGY SCENARIO OF PAKISTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF
CLIMATE CHANGE.
13:00 to 14:00 Lunch Break

Session II
Ibrahim Othman
(Director General, The Atomic Energy Commission of Syria AECS)
14:00 to 14:30
THE ROLE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION OF SYRIA IN PROMOTING SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
Youn Won Park
(Vice-President, Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety KINS and Director of
14:30 to 15:00
International Nuclear Safety School)
NUCLEAR SAFETY REGULATION AND HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN KOREA.
Konstantin Proskuryakov
(Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Technical University, Russia)
15:00 to 15:30
ENERGY CHALLENGERS OF THE 21ST CENTURY AND PROBLEM OF PERSONNEL
MAINTENANCE.
Luc Vanhoenacker
15:30 to 16:00 TRACTEBEL ENGINEERING (GDF SUEZ)

THE EUROPEAN UTILITY REQUIREMENTS (EUR): STATUS AND NEAR TERM ACTIVITIES.
Session III
Akira Omoto
16:30 to 17:00 (Director of the NE Division, International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA)
CHALLENGES TO NUCLEAR POWER AND INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT.
Jaejoo Ha
17:00 to 17:30 (Vice-President of KAERI)
KOREAN NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE.
Carmen Angulo
(TRACTEBEL ENGINEERING}
17:30 to 18:00
MULTIPHYSICS APPROACHES FOR THE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF POSTULATED NON-LOCA
ACCIDENTS IN PWR’S.
Nikolay L. Poznyakov
(ATOMSTROYEXPORT, Russia)
18:00 to 18:30
EXPERIENCE AND CAPABILITIES IN CONSTRUCTION OF NPP’S AND RESEARCH REACTORS
ABROAD.
L. Erradi
(President of the Moroccan Association for Nuclear Engineering and Reactor
18:30 to 19:00
Technology)
MOROCCAN EXPERIENCE IN PREPARING THE INTRODUCTION OF NUCLEAR ENERGY.
Dinner

Tuesday, October 27, 2009

Session IV
Mohammad Ghoneim
09:00 to 09:30 (Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority EAEA)
NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE: THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE.
Dmitry A. Klinov
(Vice President, Obninsk State Technical University for Nuclear Power
09:30 to 10:00 Engineering IATE, Russia)
ON THE ISSUE OF RADIOACTIVITY AND BIOHAZARD INDEX OF BASIC NUCLEAR FUEL
CYCLE STAGES.
Ned Xoubi
(NFC Commissioner, JSA Project Manager, Jordan Atomic Energy Commission)
10:00 to 10:30
THE DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION OF A SUBCRITICAL REACTOR (JSA): JORDAN’S FIRST
NUCLEAR FACILITY.
Session V
Chairperson:
Tony De Vuono
11:00 to 11:40 (SVP & CTO, Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. AECL)
FUEL CYCLE FOR ENHANCED CANDU 6.
Luc Vanhoenacker
TRACTEBEL ENGINEERING (GDF SUEZ)
11:40 to 12:20
TRACTEBEL ENGINEERING EXPERIENCE IN STEAM GENERATOR REPLACEMENT AND
POWER UPRATE PROJECTS.
Akira Omoto
12:20 to 13:00 (Director of the NE Division, International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA)
NUCLEAR ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.
Session VI
Ibrahim Othman
14:00 to 14:40 (Director General, The Atomic Energy Commission of Syria AECS)
PROSPECTS FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION IN NUCLEAR ENERGY PRODUCTION.
Messaoud Baaliouamer
(Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique COMENA, Algeria)
14:40 to 15:20
THE ALGERIAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION (COMENA): NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY FOR THE NATIONAL SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.
Alain Bucaille
15:20 to 16:00 (Senior Vice-President, Research and Innovation Corporate Department, AREVA)
PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE.

Session VII
Joseph Huse
16:30 to 17:00 (Co-Head of Freshfields' Nuclear Power Group)
BRINGING COMMON REGULATORY REGIMES TO THE REGION.
Albert Lee
17:00 to 17:30 (Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. AECL)
REGULATORY PROCESS FOR NEW CANDU BUILD.
Dmitry A. Klinov
(Vice President, Obninsk State Technical University for Nuclear Power
17:30 to 18:00
Engineering IATE, Russia)

INTERNATIONAL APPROACH TO NUCLEAR EDUCATION: IATE EXPERIENCE.
Kafa Khasawneh
(Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan)
18:00 to 18:15
SOLVING NEUTRON DIFFUSION EQUATIONS FOR DIFFERENT GEOMETRIES USING THE
HOMOTOPY PERTURBATION METHOD.
Omar Nusair
(Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan and GSI, Helmholtzzentrum für
18:15 to 18:30
Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany)
MULTI-GAP RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBERS FOR HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRON DETECTION.
Hanan Saleh
(Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan)
18:30 to 18:45
CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL MATRICES USING X-RAY COMPTON SCATTERING
TECHNIQUE.
Ahmad Al-Qararah
(Al-Balqa Applied University and Jordan Nuclear Regulatory Commission)
18:45 to 19:00
The Calibration of In-Situ Gamma-Ray Spectrometers: A Comparative Study of Different
Approaches.
Dinner hosted by Jordan Nuclear Regulatory Commission JNRC
Wednesday, October 28, 2009

Session VIII
Edouard Scott de Martinville

09:00 to 09:30 (Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire IRSN, France)
To be announced.
Igor T. Trejakov
09:30 to 10:00 (ATOMSTROYEXPORT, Russia)
RESEARCH REACTOR: CENTRAL PART OF MODERN NUCLEAR RESEARCH CENTER.
Chaitanyamoy Ganguly
10:00 to 10:30 (Former Head of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials Section IAEA)
To be announced.

Session IX
Baida Achkar
(The Higher Institute for Applied Science and Technology, Syria)
11:00 to 11:30
A STEP TOWARDS PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF NUCLIDE FOR LEAKAGE
DETECTION.
Houshyar Noshad
(Atomic Energy Organization of Iran AEOI)
11:30 to 12:00
FISSION OF NEPTUNIUM-239 COMPOUND NUCLEI AT INTERMEDIATE EXCITATION
ENERGIES.
Nikolay L. Poznyakov, Igor T. Trejakov
12:00 to 12:30 (ATOMSTROYEXPORT, Russia)
ISOTOPE PRODUCTION AND APPLIED STUDIES AT NUCLEAR RESEARCH CENTER.
Hani Khoury
(The University of Jordan JU)
12:30 to 13:00
SHORT AND LONG TERM NATURAL ANALOGUES OF PORTLAND CEMENT IN JORDAN FOR
SEALING OF NUCLEAR WASTE.
Session X
Javad Rahighi
14:00 to 14:30 (Atomic Energy Organization of Iran AEOI)
To be announced.
Joseph Magill
(Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, Germany)
14:30 to 15:00
THE “NUCLEONICA” NUCLEAR SCIENCE PORTAL FOR KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT,
EDUCATION, AND TRAINING.
Youcef Bouaichaoui
(Birine Nuclear Research Center, CRNB, COMENA, Algeria)
15:00 to 15:15
THEORITICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FORCED CONVECTION WITH PHASE
CHANGE IN AN ANNULAR CHANNEL.
Eshraq Ababneh
(Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan)
15:15 to 15:30
EVALUATION OF SCATTER DOSE CONTRIBUTION OF 192Ir IN BRACHYTHERAPY BY MONTE
CARLO SIMULATION.
Sajedah M. Al-Amir
15:30 to 15:45 (Al-Balqa Applied University Salt, Jordan)
A STUDY OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY IN DRINKING WATER IN AMMAN, JORDAN.
Ektimal Al-Nemri
(Jordan Nuclear Regulatory Commission JNRC)
15:45 to 16:00
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING IN JORDAN: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE
PLANS.

Session XI
Riad Shweikani
(The Atomic Energy Commission of Syria AECS)
16:30 to 17:00
SYRIAN EXPERIENCE RELATED TO EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
AND RADIATION PROTECTION.
Park Geun
17:00 to 17:30 (Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Ltd. KHNP)
To be announced.
Saed Dababneh
(Al-Balqa Applied University & Vice Chairman of Jordan Nuclear Regulatory
17:30 to 18:00
Commission)
To be announced.
Closing Session and Ceremony
• Open discussion.
• Conclusions.
• Recommendations.
Dinner


Editor

Saed Dababneh



The Modern City of Amman

Roman Theatre in Amman

JORDAN: WHY NUCLEAR?
Khaled Toukan
Chairman, Jordan Atomic Energy Commission JAEC
Much has been said in the press of the renewed interest in developing nuclear power in
the Middle East. The necessity for nuclear power in developing countries, and in particular the
Middle East, is underestimated by the industrialized countries. The greatest expansion of
energy demand over the coming decades will be in the developing countries. Global
predictions of energy demand and supply are misleading for policy or planning needs.
Regional and, even better, national detailed projections are more accurate. A point of
illustration is the Middle East, where the conventional opinion is of a “rich” oil-producing region.
On a country-by-country basis, it is clear that many countries in the Middle East, are actually
suffering under the toll of high oil prices. A case in point is Jordan, where more than 25 percent
of the national budget is spent to import energy.
The war in Iraq has had a huge impact on Jordan. Prior to the war, daily imports of more
than 100,000 barrels of Iraqi petroleum supplied almost all of Jordan’s oil consumption. Not
only has that flow been disrupted, but more importantly, much of the petroleum was being
provided at below market prices. Paying market prices for oil has forced the government to
raise retail prices and the sales tax . Compounding the problem, Jordan’s export market
depended on Iraq. That source of trade was decimated in the early years of the war but is
currently showing some signs of recovery.
The uncertainty of energy supplies and their increasing costs are severely affecting the
growth of the country's economy and its security. Jordan imports more than 95 percent of its
energy needs. Hence, the development of secure alternative energy supplies is a top priority
for the Kingdom.
Our vision is to transform Jordan from a net energy importer to a net electricity exporter
by 2030. This will require a major transformation away from fossil fuels with the aim of making
low-cost power available to sustain the country's continued economic growth.
Jordan has been seriously exploring nuclear power as a medium- and long-term
alternative for electricity generation, water desalination, and as insurance for both energy
security and future volatility of oil and natural gas prices. It is an important alternative to fossil
fuels and is a particularly important component in a low-carbon energy strategy.
Nuclear power also maximizes and leverages Jordan's indigenous uranium resources.
The Kingdom is endowed with rich uranium resources which have not been fully explored, with
estimated resources of about 70,000 metric tons of uranium oxide. There are, however, many
challenges standing in the way of introducing nuclear power in Jordan such as the high
investment cost, the need for skilled engineers and technicians, the limited suitable sites for
power plants, the lack of adequate water sources for cooling, and the volatile regional political
climate.
Since 2001, Jordan has been developing a national strategy for civilian nuclear power.
In 2007, Jordan’s parliament empowered the Jordan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC) to
lead the national effort and implement the Kingdom's nuclear strategy. In compliance with
international practices, parliament established an independent Jordan Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, to promulgate the needed legal, regulatory, and security framework for the
introduction of nuclear power.
To undertake uranium exploitation, JAEC established Jordan Energy Resources
Incorporated and is exploring creative financial models with interested partners to support the
nuclear program. Jordan has signed seven Nuclear Cooperation Agreements with key
countries such as France, China, South Korea, Canada, UK, Russia and Argentina, and will

soon sign others with Spain, Czech Republic and Romania, to explore appropriate
technologies with several suppliers and avenues of cooperation with different countries.
To address human resource development, a master’s degree program in applied
nuclear physics was launched in 2006 at Al-Balqa Applied University. This was followed, a
year later, by a similar program at the University of Jordan. In addition, an undergraduate
nuclear engineering degree program was established in 2006 at Jordan University of Science
and Technology and a research reactor is to be located at the university, for education,
training, and radioisotope production.
To sustain and enhance the contribution of nuclear power as an energy option in the
Middle East, it is necessary for all countries in the region to adhere to the International Atomic
Energy Agency’s safeguards, leading to the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in
the region, as a prelude for full adherence to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

THE ARAB NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMMES: A CHALLENGE TO MEET
Abdelmajid Mahjoub
Director General, Arab Atomic Energy Agency AAEA
The Arab Atomic Energy Agency (AAEA) is an Arab technical organization working
under the auspices of the League of Arab States, established in 1989. It deals with the
peaceful uses of atomic energy and the development of nuclear sciences and their
technological applications in the Arab world. The main goals and roles of AAEA that could help
the Arab countries meet the challenge of establishing nuclear power plants, are:
1) Coordination of the nuclear activities among member states in the field of peaceful
applications of atomic energy, 2) Providing assistance in research activities, manpower
development and technical and scientific information, 3) Assistance to set up harmonized
regulations for safety and security of radioactive materials, 4) Coordination of scientific and
technical activities with the concerned regional and international organizations for the benefit of
the socio-economic development in the Arab nation, 5) Encouraging the Arab scientists in the
field of nuclear sciences and technologies to attend relevant Arab and international
conferences.
The renaissance of nuclear power around the world led many Arab countries in the
Middle East and North Africa to declare their intention to adopt nuclear energy for electricity
generation and sea water desalination and have expressed interest in embarking for the first
time on nuclear power programmes. A number of these countries have currently limited
nuclear activities and there is a clear need for well qualified personnel to initiate and sustain a
safe and secure utilization of nuclear technology and power programmes.
The Arab countries adopted a strategy for the peaceful utilization of nuclear
technologies and a ten year programme has been developed by Arab experts touching all
fields of nuclear applications. The implementation of the strategy by the Arab countries with
AAEA assistance will construct on the existing programmes in the individual countries that
have ongoing activities and will contribute to the establishment of new ones in those countries
that did not possess any previous nuclear applications. In this regard, the challenge means
how Arab countries will react and how long time span it will take to catch up on the big delay
registered in the human resources sector, the legal tools that regulate the nuclear field, the
basic economic and educational infrastructure and the environmental considerations in the
country and the region. Needless to mention the important sector of nuclear safety and
security measures to be taken that are of great concern and interest to the Arab countries and
the international community. Major efforts are required to develop the infrastructures and
capabilities needed for the legislative and regulatory frameworks, nuclear safety, security,
emergency preparedness and response and radioactive waste management planning, in
addition to the technological aspects of the nuclear reactors and the related infrastructure.
The Arab countries are at different levels of experience in the development of nuclear
power programmes, mutual exchange of expertise will be of great benefit to all partners.

ROLE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN ENERGY SCENARIO OF PAKISTAN IN THE

CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Ishfaq Ahmad
Advisor S&T/MoS. Planning Commission of Pakistan
Former Chairman of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
Sustainable socio-economic growth requires reliable, abundant and affordable supply of

energy and electricity. Shortage of electricity and natural gas supply is affecting industry,
households and commercial activities in Pakistan. Though, the level of commercial energy
consumption in Pakistan is very low compared to world norms, still more than one-third of
commercial energy needs are met through imports which consumes more than one-quarter of
export earnings.
The secure supply of energy would be sustained through development of indigenous
energy resources. Of the indigenous energy resources, hydro and coal are available in
abundance. But the coal potential of 185 billion tonnes, still needs detail investigations for it
exploitation. The estimated hydro power potential in the country is around 50,000 MW, of which
only one-seventh has been exploited so far mainly owing to techno-economic and socio-
political constraints. The proven reserves of gas are moderate and of oil are small. A separate
organization has been established to exploit renewables. However, due to low capacity factors,
renewables can not meet the increasing base-load electricity requirements of the country. In
this situation nuclear power is an attractive option for power system of Pakistan.
Nuclear power programme initiated in 1960s is facing unfair international embargoes.
While, a CANDU type nuclear power plant commissioned in 1971, despite keen interest in
building additional nuclear power plants, it took more than two decades to start construction of the
second nuclear power plant owing to unfavourable international environment coupled with lack of
indigenous technological and industrial capabilities for independent design and construction of
nuclear power plant. The construction of Pakistan's second nuclear power plant started in 1992
with the help of China. Both the plants are working under IAEA safeguard and have excellent
safety and security record. These two plants are annually avoiding about 1.5 million tonnes of
CO2. Until now, the cumulative avoidance of CO2 by these two nuclear power plants is around 15-
21 million tonnes. Third nuclear power plant is under construction. Energy Security Action Plan of
the country envisages 8,800 MW nuclear capacity by the year 2030 which would annually avoid
19-48 million tonnes of CO2 in 2030. The cumulative CO2 avoidance by the planned nuclear
power programme would be 135-345 million tonnes by 2030. The lower and higher values in the
range correspond to equivalent generation by natural gas and indigenous coal, respectively.
The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions of Pakistan during 2007-08 were about 309
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent which were one-fourth of the world average on per capita basis.
Despite small GHG emissions, Pakistan fully shares the global concern of climate change and is
making efforts to contain these emissions. The high GHG emissions of planned indigenous coal
based power plants will be offset by hydro, nuclear and wind based electricity generation
alonwith current efforts for enhancing of forest area. As the world is moving towards a shared
global future, it is imperative that there should be global efforts to reduce the global threats like
climate change. To reduce the threat of climate change, the industrialised countries should
assist the developing countries through financial and technological support including access to
civilian nuclear technology which is a carbon free technology.

PROSPECTS FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION IN NUCLEAR ENERGY PRODUCTION
I. Othman
Director General, The Atomic Energy Commission of Syria AECS
P. O. Box 6091- Damascus
atomic@aec.org.sy
In planning for nuclear energy production, many factors have to be taken into
consideration. Among the prime ones are building technological capabilities and developing
adequate and well trained human resources. In the long term planning in regions like ours, it is
possible not only to share the human resources, but also to cooperate in nuclear safety,
radiation protection, waste management and other issues. In the peaceful applications, room is
available for sharing knowledge and experience in many fields such as medical applications,
malnutrition, water management..etc.
Many regional projects have been implemented under IAEA Technical Cooperation
Programme. They are really considered as success stories, examples are:
Integrating the Sterile Insect Technique Into an Area-Wide Approach
Against the Old World Screwworm Fly
Saline Groundwater and Wastelands for Plant Production
One of the most clear successful examples of regional cooperation is ARASIA (The
Cooperative Agreement for Arab States in Asia for Research, Development and Training
related to Nuclear Science and Technology).
The Agreement entered into force in 2002 and was renewed in 2008. The budget of the
ARASIA programme under the current TC cycle totals 4 millions USD. Last cycle it has
achieved a good implementation rate of 80%.
In the field of nuclear energy, the region can initiate cooperate in training and capacity
building. The more the region is harmonized in milestones, the more we can help each others
in this sophisticated field.

THE ROLE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION OF SYRIA IN PROMOTING

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
I. Othman
Director General, The Atomic Energy Commission of Syria AECS
P. O. Box 6091- Damascus
atomic@aec.org.sy
The Atomic Energy Commission of Syria was founded in 1976, and started its activities
in 1979. It is considered as the research institute responsible for all peaceful applications of
atomic energy in the country. By virtue of decree 64(200) the AECS is also the regulatory
authority responsible for licensing and controlling of radioactive sources. Thus the major roles
of the AECS now are both the promoter of research in the different applications of atomic
energy, as well as the regulator. This has been smoothly running with no contradiction due to
fact that there is no nuclear power plant in the country.
The structure of the Commission is formed as scientific departments and technical
support offices. The scientific work at the departments varies in different scientific domains and
is not restricted to those involving the application of radioisotopes. The Biotechnology
department at the AECS is a sharp example and is considered as one of the largest centers in
the region that run R&D activities in the field.
Our cooperation strategy expands to providing assistance to the Syrian Universities in
different research activities. We assist the Universities' researchers in making our laboratories
and the state of the art equipment available for their research.
Moreover, many of AECS' advanced instruments such as accelerators, MNSR, and
sophisticated analytical equipment can be utililized by all researchers from the different
scientific research institutes in the country.
The researchers at AECS now share with the Universities' professors the supervision of
M.Sc. and Ph.D. students.
It is the quality of the selected young people who would work at the Commission and
their excellent qualification, in addition to the management of the research procedures and
outcome that give the credit to the AECS position among the research organizations in the
region.

NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE: PRESENT AND FUTURE
Mohammad Ghoneim
Director of the Nuclear Fuel Plant
Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority EAEA
The processes applied to produce fuel for nuclear reactors, to use this fuel in the reactor
and to handle the used or spent fuel comprise the elements of the nuclear fuel cycle. These
processes may be divided into the following main activities:
Front End
• Uranium exploration, mining and milling (uranium concentration)
• Refining and conversion of the uranium concentration
• Uranium concentration
• Fuel fabrication
Back End
• Spent fuel management
In-between the two ends, the fuel is used in the nuclear reactor.
With regard to spent fuel management, there are two options ( for the case of LWRs);
the “open” cycle and the “closed” cycle. In the open, or the “once through” fuel cycle, the
spent fuel discharged from the reactor is treated as waste. In the closed cycle today, the
spent fuel is reprocessed and the products are partitions into uranium and plutonium suitable
for fabrication into oxide fuel or mixed oxide fuel (MOX) for recycle back in a reactor. The rest
of the spent fuel is treated as high level waste (HLW).
In this presentation the various options and steps of the today nuclear fuel cycle as
well as new trends in this field are presented.

FUEL CYCLE FOR ENHANCED CANDU 6
A.C. De Vuono and A.G. Lee

Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
2251 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5K 1B2
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited has successfully designed and constructed the
CANDU 6® (CANada Deuterium Uranium) reactor in many countries, namely, G-2 and Pt.
Lepreau in Canada, Embalse in Argentina, Wolsong 1, 2, 3 and 4 in South Korea, Qinshan 1
and 2 in China and Cernavoda 1 and 2 in Romania. Along with the supply of the CANDU 6
reactors, the fuel manufacturing has been localized in all countries having CANDU reactors.
Localization of fuel manufacturing has been facilitated by the simple design of the
CANDU fuel bundle, i.e., small, lightweight and consisting of only 7 components: ceramic
pellets, sheath, CANLUB coating applied to the inside of the sheath, end-caps, bearing pads,
spacer pads, and end-plates.
In addition, the Enhanced CANDU 6 reactor offers several options for the use of
advanced fuel cycles, e.g., uranium recycled from the reprocessing of spent light water reactor
fuel and thorium fuel cycles. The CANDU fuel bundle designs can be straightforwardly
adapted to the manufacture (and introduction) of advanced fuels, whether slightly enriched
uranium, mixed oxide, thoria, or other advanced fuels requiring remote fabrication.
The presentation provides an overview of the Enhanced CANDU 6 reactor, the fuel
manufacturing processes that can be localized, and the spent fuel management strategy.

KOREAN NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Jaejoo Ha
Vice President, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
Korea is operating 20 nuclear power plants that provide 38% of the domestic electricity
consumption, and 8 NPPs are under construction in parallel. It is the 6th largest generation
capacity in the world. Considering Korea is the 9th in energy consumption, 7th in oil
consumption and 4th in oil import in the world, nuclear energy as an alternative to fossil energy
plays critical role in Korean economy. For instance, for the last 20 years, consumer price
increased by 186%, but electricity tariff increased only by 11.4%. Such the stable and low
electricity cost contributed greatly to the fast development of Korean economy from the
disaster of Korean War (1950-1953).
After Korean War, the government recognized nuclear program would be very important
in the future, and human resource development would be the key element. To establish such
important infrastructure, the government firstly founded nuclear engineering departments, 1958
in Hanyang University, and 1959 in Seoul National University, and secondly introduced the first
research reactor, 100kW TRIGA MARK II imported from General Atomics. In 1972, the second
research reactor, 2MW TRIGA MARK III, was imported, and the first commercial nuclear
power plant, Kori Unit#1 imported from Westinghouse, started operation in 1978.
After the dawning era of nuclear program, Korea started the localization program. In the
research area, KAERI started to construct the third research reactor, HANARO, from 1985. In
the commercial NPP area, KEPCO accomplished the localization of CANDU fuel and PWR
fuel in 1987 and 1989 respectively, and started the operation of the first localized PWR called
KSNP (Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant), Ulchin 3&4 in 1995, by the technology transfer
from Combustion Engineering.
Now, the fully localized OPR1000 developed by optimizing KNSP, and APR1400
developed by enhancing safety and increasing capacity, are the major commercial reactors
under operation and construction in Korea.
In 2008, Korean government decided to increase nuclear energy share even more upto
60% by constructing 10 more NPPs by 2030. For the small grid countries and desalination,
SMART (System Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor) under development will obtain SDC
(Standard Design Certificate) by 2011 and be ready for the construction. For the long term and
sustainability, Gen IV systems are under development. SFR together with pyroprocessing of
spent fuel will resolve the possible shortage of Uranium resource in the future and spent fuel
treatment problem. Korea plans to demonstrate such technologies by 2028. In addition, VHTR
is also under development for the preparation of the hydrogen economy era.
In conclusion, Korea started nuclear program by importing research reactors and
commercial NPPs as well as establishing human resource, then localizing them through
researches and technology transfer. During the course of such development, the experience of
research reactors played an important role in the establishment of human resource as well as
the localization of key technology and science. As a result, Korean has established the full
spectrum of nuclear industries and research infrastructure such as KAERI and several
universities for researches, KOPEC for engineering, KEPCO and KHNP as utilities, KPS for
maintenance, KNF for fuel manufacturing, Doosan for heavy equipment manufacturing,
Daewoo and several companies for as construction, KMRC for radwaste management. Now
Korea has self sufficient nuclear technology and infrastructure, and even develops advanced
systems. More importantly, Korea is willing to contribute to resolve climate change and energy
problem by sharing the valuable experience.

REGULATORY PROCESS FOR NEW CANDU BUILD
A.G. Lee and A.C. De Vuono

Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
2251 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5K 1B2
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) has successfully designed and constructed
the CANDU 6® (CANada Deuterium Uranium) reactor in many countries, namely, G-2 and Pt.
Lepreau in Canada, Embalse in Argentina, Wolsong 1, 2, 3 and 4 in South Korea, Qinshan 1
and 2 in China and Cernavoda 1 and 2 in Romania. This success illustrates AECL’s ability to
satisfy the regulatory requirements of many regulatory authorities.
In planning to build new nuclear power plants, each country establishes a regulatory
framework that consists of:
• Legislation that defines the national safety requirements and regulations,
• A system of licensing with regard to nuclear installations, and
• Regulatory documents that provide guidance to licence applicants on
acceptable ways of complying with regulatory requirements, and form the basis for the
assessment of licence applications.
From a vendor’s perspective, a successful deployment of a new CANDU reactor build
project is dependent on accomplishing a number of specific major regulatory milestones:
1. Obtain a licensability statement from the regulatory authority.
2. Obtain a Site Preparation Licence (Permit). A site preparation licence
granted by the regulatory authority is typically a prerequisite to the start of major
equipment procurement, and to the start of site preparation. It is issued after a positive
decision is obtained regarding the Environmental Assessment.
3. Obtain a Construction Licence (Permit).
4. Obtain an Operating Licence.
The presentation describes the regulatory process for a new CANDU reactor build in
Canada and the major design tasks that AECL performs to achieve each of the major
regulatory milestones.

NUCLEAR SAFETY REGULATION AND HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN KOREA
Youn Won Park

Vice-President of KINS (Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety)
Director of International Nuclear Safety School
Since the first operation of a nuclear power plant in Korea in 1978, Korean nuclear
power plants have been identified with a high level of safety. This is one of the most important
elements making continuous construction possible in Korea even with the international nuclear
disasters, such as TMI and Chernobyl accidents making a serious impact on the nuclear
program worldwide.
The high level of nuclear safety attributes to two elements: the continuous evolution of
nuclear safety framework as the nuclear development program progressed in Korea and the
appropriate human resource development within the framework.
The first regulatory organization, Nuclear Safety Center (NSC), dedicated to nuclear
safety, was set up in 1982, four years after the commercial operation of the first nuclear power
plant. And the current regulatory body, KINS, was established in 1990 to strengthen the
regulatory independence. Along with this organizational evolution, the regulatory staff has
strived to enhance their technical competence through continuous training at the regulatory
body of reactor supply countries and expanding regulators’ involvement step by step in
licensing activities. In-house training center of KINS was also opened in 1996 to promote self-
capacity of the staff.
In 2008, the International Nuclear safety School (INSS) was established with an
objective of sharing our experiences and knowledge with new comer countries. Many training
programs in cooperation with IAEA have been proposed, such as BPTC, RC, tailored courses
and OJT. In particular, KINS is currently developing “Safety Infrastructure Support Package”
that incorporates the legal framework establishment and human resource development for new
entrant countries.

ENERGY CHALLENGERS OF THE 21ST CENTURY AND PROBLEM OF PERSONNEL

MAINTENANCE
Konstantin N. Proskuryakov
Professor, Dr.sc. in Nuclear Eng., PhD
Moscow Power Engineering Institute (Technical University)
14, Krasnokazarmennaya str. 111250, Moscow, Russia
Tel: 7 (495)-362-73-51, Fax: 7 (495) 362-73-51
Email: prosk@npp.mpei.ac.ru
The full paper will be made available to the symposium guests before Professor
Proskuryakov gives his lecture.

ON THE ISSUE OF RADIOACTIVITY AND BIOHAZARD INDEX OF BASIC NUCLEAR FUEL

CYCLE STAGES
Yu. Kazansky, D.Klinov

Obninsk State Technical University for Nuclear Power
Russia
One of the main factors restricting nuclear power development worldwide is a

challenging problem to be solved that nuclear energy is ecologically benign. Actually nuclear
fuel treatment and spent fuel activity vs. time are basic issues to be resolved to meet the
challenge.
The purpose of the present work is to find a solution for spent fuel activity vs. time
problem as well as spent fuel biohazards in various scenarios of nuclear fuel cycle
organizations.
The present paper compares integral radioactivity concentrated in nuclear fuel cycle
stages taking into consideration different nuclear energy development schemes as well as
biohazards. Comparative investigations on integral radioactivity concentrated in nuclear fuel
cycle stages in various nuclear energy development scenarios, biological hazards of nuclear
fuel have been carried out. Optimal conditions when transmutation of radioactive nuclides
proves to be worthwhile and most efficient have been defined.

THE ALGERIAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION (COMENA): NUCLEAR SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE NATIONAL SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Messaoud Baaliouamer
Director, Foresight Studies and Nuclear Applications
Algerian Atomic Energy Commission (COMENA)
According to its missions, the Algerian Atomic Energy Commission (COMENA) initiated
ambitious programs for the development of nuclear science and technology targeting a broad
promotion of nuclear applications within the socioeconomic sector. The main aim is to prepare
the nation for the introduction of the first nuclear power plant and the production and largest
application of radioisotopes for medical and industrial processes.
This presentation is focusing on the COMENA vision, missions, organization and main
programs, dealing with nuclear science & technology research & development, nuclear
applications in energy and water desalination, health, industry, food and agriculture, water
resources and environment.
A strong value has been dedicated to the development of needed qualified human
resources through the creation of the Algerian institute for education and training in nuclear
engineering.
The national radiation protection and nuclear safety regulatory framework as well as
the main technical cooperation activities, in particular with the International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA), are briefly exposed.

FISSION OF NEPTUNIUM-239 COMPOUND NUCLEI AT INTERMEDIATE EXCITATION

ENERGIES
Houshyar Noshad
Physics Department, Nuclear Science Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology
Research Institute, P.O. Box 14395-836, Tehran, Iran
hnoshad@aeoi.org.ir
A stack target including four thin uranium-238 foils as well as degrading and monitoring
aluminum and copper foils were irradiated with a 70 MeV proton beam at the Cyclotron and
Radioisotope Center of Tohoku University in Japan. The cross sections for formation of fission
products were measured by using gamma spectroscopy technique. Afterwards, fission
fragment mass distributions, nuclear charge distributions of isobar fission products and the
nuclear charge polarization in the reaction were obtained for 45, 55, 65 and 69 MeV protons.
The experimental results demonstrate that for neptunium-239 compound nuclei at 70.3
MeV excitation energy, a transition from asymmetric to symmetric fission occurs, and the
nuclear shell effects on the fissioning nuclei are disappeared. Furthermore, for isobar fission
products, nuclear charge distributions follow a Gaussian distribution with the same standard
deviation independent of the isobar mass numbers, which satisfies the prediction of Hauser-
Feshbach model for lower excitation energies. Moreover, the most probable charge for isobar
fission products satisfies the prediction of minimum potential energy (MPE) model. The nuclear
charge polarization obtained from the experiment shows that the nuclear charge density of
fission products approaches the value of the liquid drop model, when the excitation energy of
the fissioning nucleus increases.

TRACTEBEL ENGINEERING EXPERIENCE IN STEAM GENERATOR REPLACEMENT

AND POWER UPRATE PROJECTS
Luc Vanhoenacker
Deputy Department Head - Nuclear
Tractebel Engineering
Much experience has been gained by Tractebel Engineering in Belgium on steam

generator replacements (SGR) and power uprates (PU) of nuclear power plants.
Indeed, steam generators were replaced in all but one of the seven Belgium Nuclear
Power Plants in operation. The last replacement will start in November 2009. Taking benefit of
an increase of the heat transfer area inside the new steam generators, the thermal power has
been increased for five NPPs. To allow such a final uprate value of 10%, core design
evolutions leading to new key parameters, equipment modifications and changes of
instrumentation setpoints are needed. Also, new methodologies are introduced, trying to take
advantage of unnecessarily large safety margins in some safety analyses (use of best estimate
codes, of statistical methods,…).
The purpose of the paper is to present a global, descriptive overview of those projects
including the safety analyses program and the replacement work during the outage.

THE EUROPEAN UTILITY REQUIREMENTS (EUR)

STATUS AND NEAR TERM ACTIVITIES
Luc Vanhoenacker
EUR Vice Chairman
Brussels, Belgium
In 1991 five major European Utilities participating in the US ALWR program decided to
develop together a common specification that would contribute to keep the nuclear option
open. The European Utility Requirements (EUR) are addressed to the designers and suppliers
of LWR plants in order to allow the development of standards designs that can be build and
licensed in several European countries with only minor variations.
The EUR organization has kept enlarging; today 16 utilities are members of the EUR
organization.
Seven compliance analyses dedicated respectively to the BWR901, EPR2, EPP3,
ABWR , SWR10005, AP10006 and to the AES927 projects have been already published. The
4
revised version of the EPR subset of the EUR volume 3 should be finalized around mid 2009.
New LWR projects of potential interest for the EUR utilities are being contemplated. For
instance a preliminary assessment of compliance of MHI's APWR project has been worked out
in the first months of 2008.
Recently EUR organization has decided to launch coordinated actions with other
industry groups and other stakeholders. In particular EUR and ENISS organizations have
decided to join their efforts in their relations with the IAEA and WENRA organizations with
respect to the LWR Gen3 designs. In addition EUR and CORDEL (Cooperation in Reactor
Design Evaluation and Licensing), which is a WNA (World Nuclear Association) working group
decided also to coordinate their efforts for the industry benefit, in relation with the MDEP
(Multinational Design Evaluation Program) initiative of safety nuclear regulators.
Contacts have been also initiated with ENEN and the WNU in order to develop new
courses for young professionals.
1
1300 MWe BWR project initially developed by ABB Atom, today promoted by Toshiba-Westinghouse
2
1500 MWe PWR project developed by NPI, now promoted and built by Areva
3
European Passive Plant program for a 1000MWe 3-loop version of the AP600. This project is no longer supported.
4
The version of GE's ABWR certified in USA
5
1000 MWe BWR project with passive safety features initially developed by Siemens, today promoted by Areva.
6
The version of Toshiba-Westinghouse's AP1000 certified in USA
7
1000 MWe VVER design with passive safety features developed by Atomenergoproekt Moscow. An evolution of this project, the AES2006 has been
licensed for Novovoronezh.

MULTIPHYSICS APPROACHES FOR THE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF POSTULATED

NON-LOCA ACCIDENTS IN PWR’S
G. Pochet, M. Haedens, F. Van Humbeeck, C.R. Schneidesch

Avenue Ariane 7, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
guillaume.pochet@tractebel.com
christophe.schneidesch@tractebel.com
Speaker
Carmen Angulo
The nuclear reactor accident analyses using best estimate codes provide a better
understanding and more accurate modeling of the key physical phenomena, which allows a
more realistic evaluation of the conservatism’s and margins in the Final Safety Analysis Report
(FSAR) accident analysis.
However, those key physical phenomena might be of different nature (neutronics, thermal
hydraulics) and they can strongly interact during complex accidents to have a definite impact
on the transient behavior. It is therefore necessary to ensure an accurate simulation of those
interactions. Such accuracy can be obtained by means of multi-physics approaches which
consist in taking simultaneously into account all those different phenomena.
At Tractebel Engineering (TE), multi-physics approaches are developed by coupling
different existing best estimate codes, for instance 3-D neutron kinetics with system thermal-
hydraulics or with core thermal-hydraulics. The external dynamic coupling between the
RELAP5/MOD2.5 code and the 3-D neutronic code PANTHER was implemented since 1997, and
its qualification demonstrated the robustness achieved by such code packages for transient
simulations.
The application of coupled thermal-hydraulic and neutronic analysis of asymmetric
accidents like the Main Steam Line Break also shows that there exist important margins in the
traditional final safety analysis report (FSAR) accident analysis. Those margins can be used to
increase the operational flexibility of the plants.
In asymmetric accident conditions, one of the most important issues in coupling the codes
is the correct evaluation of the core inlet temperature distribution which is strongly determined
by the flow mixing in the lower plenum of the pressure vessel. Current inlet temperature
models rely on conservative distributions derived from a limited number of experimental
results. More accurate reproduction of the flow mixing can be obtained from CFD simulations
that allow combining local geometrical effects to flow turbulence.
One branch of the improvements at TE of the coupling between 3-D neutron kinetics with
core thermal-hydraulics focuses on the implementation of realistic core inlet distributions
obtained from CFD results. From a validation based on the ROCOM tests, the CFD application
to core inlet mixing shows in particular the sensitivity of the inlet distribution to the affected loop
configuration. The implementation of CFD results in coupled accident simulation is therefore
an added value to the TE capability to reproduce accurately the transient behavior in the
analysis of complex asymmetric accidents.

MOROCCAN EXPERIENCE IN PREPARING THE INTRODUCTION OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
L. Erradi
Moroccan Association for Nuclear Engineering and Reactor Technology (GMTR)

Mailing Address: Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Batouta B. P. 1014 Rabat (Morocco)
E-mail: erradi@fsr.ac.ma
The use of the nuclear techniques, for economic and social development, proved to be
relevant, in many countries. Morocco has already achieved, for 40 years, relatively significant
steps in the use of nuclear techniques for peaceful purposes. Many fields could profit from the
contribution of nuclear sciences and techniques, such as: medicine, agriculture, industry,
geology and mining. A notable and durable effort in training which was started in the Seventies
made it possible to obtain a significant human potential in the nuclear field in Morocco.
The energetic situation in Morocco is characterized by weak energy consumption: 13.7
MTEP (0.46 TEP/habit). However, the electricity demand has recorded a constant increase
during the 4 last years (2004-2007). The average growth of the demand was 7%, passing from
15.539 GWh in 2002 to 22.104 GWh in 2007. The constant growth of the demand for electricity
is the reflection of the dynamism which Morocco knows at the economic and social level in
particular with regard to the generalization of the access to the basic infrastructures. The
dependence from outside is almost 95% representing a financial effort of more than 7 billion $
in 2008. Currently and apart from the firewood, the only exploited significant national resource
remains the hydraulic energy and more recently the wind energy has started to be developed.
For the water resources, the recourse to desalination is essential in the zones of the
south of Morocco which are characterized by an arid climate. In 1976 the first sea water
desalination unit of capacity 75 m3/d was brought into service at Tarfaya. Thereafter several
other units were born; the largest one is installed in Laâyoune for a capacity of 7000 m3/d. The
cost of the water produced (from sea water or brackish continental water) remains however
very high, it is about 2.5$/m3, that’s why the recourse to this technique for the production of
drinking water is the last alternative chosen in planning for the mobilization of water resources.
The introduction of nuclear energy for electricity production and for sea water
desalination was investigated and planed long time ago, but the limited investment capacity of
the country has always slowed down the established plans. While waiting so that the economic
conditions makes it possible for Morocco to launch a nuclear power program, a certain number
of actions, preparing for this advent, were undertaken in particular:
• Creation of the National Centre for Energy and Nuclear Sciences and Techniques
(CNESTEN) with a Center of nuclear studies including a research reactor of type TRIGA
Mark II and a unit for radioactive waste treatment in addition to several instrumentation and
nuclear analysis laboratories.
• Preparation of a national legislation allowing to manage the whole of the nuclear activities
including the authorization and the control of nuclear installations
• Installation of a unique and independent national regulatory authority
• To carry out feasibility studies for the introduction of a first nuclear power plant
• Choice of potential sites for the future nuclear power plants
• Training of qualified personnel for the follow-up of the feasibility studies, to supervise the
implementation of the project and finally for the operation of the NPPs.
• Investigating the technical and economic feasibility of the extraction of Uranium from the
Moroccan Phosphate.
Morocco is now in the phase of prospecting the more appropriate nuclear technology for
both of electricity production and sea water desalination.

THE “NUCLEONICA” NUCLEAR SCIENCE PORTAL FOR KNOWLEDGE

MANAGEMENT, EDUCATION, AND TRAINING
Joseph Magill
European Commission, Joint Research Centre
Institute for Transuranium Elements, Postfach 2340, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
email: joseph.magill@ec.europa.eu
An overview of the European Commission nuclear science web portal NUCLEONICA

(www.nucleonica.net) is given. The portal is dedicated to education, training and knowledge
management in the nuclear sciences. In addition to providing internationally evaluated nuclear
data, a unique feature of the portal is the provision of web-based nuclear science applications.
Recently developed modules for fuel cycle calculations (webKORIGEN) and gamma
spectrometry (Gamma Spectrum Generator) will be described in detail.
The NUCLEONICA wiki – the "textbook" behind NUCLEONICA – is a powerful content
management system for education and training purposes. In addition to providing the
underlying theory behind the applications, it also provides a step by step description on the use
of the modules.
NUCLEONICA's networking features provide tools to encourage the development of
discussion communities around the applications. The aim here is to enhance collaboration
with a view to "capturing" the tacit knowledge (knowledge management) from the expert
developers and passing this on to a wider community. Currently the platform is being extended
to provide an environment for scientists to develop their application within the NUCLEONICA
framework.
NUCLEONICA training courses1 are held on a regular basis. As part of its "Enlargement
and Associated Initiatives" activity, the European Commission sponsors participants from
Candidate Countries, Potential Candidate Countries as well as European Neighbourhood
Partner (ENP) Countries to participate in these courses.
Finally a description of our activities on the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart2 is given. The
current 7th Edition contains information on more than 2950 experimentally observed nuclides
and 690 isomers. The Chart is of great didactic vale in education and training programmes
worldwide.
1. http://www.nucleonica.net/wiki/index.php/Help:Training_Course_Announcements
2. http://www.nucleonica.net/wiki/index.php/Help:Karlsruhe_Nuclide_Chart

THEORITICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FORCED CONVECTION WITH PHASE

CHANGE IN AN ANNULAR CHANNEL
Youcef Bouaichaoui1*, Rachid Kibboua2, Anis Bousbia-Salah3, Abderrahmane Belkaid1

1
Birine Nuclear Research Center/CRNB/COMENA/ALGERIA BO 180 - Aïn Oussera - 17 200
Djelfa- Algeria
2
LTPMP/FGMGP/USTHB, BO. 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algria
3
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Nucleari e della Produzione,
Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università di Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
A computational method based on theoretical studies of steady state two phase forced
convection along a test section loop was released. The calculation model cover a wide range
of two phase flow conditions. It predicts the heat transfer rates and transitions points such as
the Onset of Critical Heat Flux
The test facility use an annular channel simulating, to a certain extent, a simple nuclear
reactor channel containing a fuel assembly composed of a single fuel pin, the nuclear power
being replaced by an electric heating. The fluid used for this purpose is the R-11 which offers
the advantage of obtaining a phase change with lower heat fluxes.
The test loop is composed of three cooling systems. The primary circuit comprises the
test section and uses Freon-11 as refrigerant. The secondary cooling circuit uses water as
refrigerant. The complementary circuit, a classical refrigerating system, enables to control the
inlet temperature of R-11 to the test section. The maximum power delivered by the element is
24 kW. Ten (10) K-type thermocouple probes are welded to the wall of the heating element
and are uniformly distributed along the length; the distance between two successive locations
is 10 cm. The thermocouples are connected to a protection system such as the electrical
heating stops automatically as soon as one of them reaches a prefixed value of temperature.
All the measuring instruments are connected to a data acquisition system which is, itself,
connected to a PC in order to follow, in real time, the behaviour of all the experimental
parameters.
The computational method has been tested against experimental data. The comparison
shows a good agreement between the predicted and experimental results
* Corresponding author, Tel. 213-(0)-27-87-29-21, FAX 213-(0)-27-87-42-80, E-mail:

ybouaichaoui@gmail.com

GEOLOGY AND DISPOSAL OF NUCLEAR WASTE:

SHORT AND LONG TERM NATURAL CEMENTITIOUS ANALOGUES IN JORDAN
Hani N. Khoury
University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
The metamorphic rocks in central and north Jordan are short and long term natural
analogues of Portland cement for sealing of nuclear waste. Premature failure could present
serious hazards or release of radionuclides into the environment. The principle species
affecting cement stability are pH, HCO3-, SO4--, Cl-.
The preliminary studies on these areas demonstrated the value of the sites as
analogues of cementitious repositories. Central Jordan areas however, represent unique sites
to study the durability of Portland cement and concrete, especially for long term assessment of
radioactive waste storage. The large area with an interface of bituminous marl and marble
(natural cement zone) overlain by travertine offers large size sampling site which is similar to a
sedimentary disposal site. The presence of different calcium silicate hydrates and calcium
aluminum hydroxyl phases among other hydrated products as natural mineral assemblages
filling voids, fissures, and fractures are similar to the hydration mechanism of cementitious
material. Heavy metals if removed into groundwater may be hazardous. The groundwater in
the area shows some high values of some base metals. The bituminous marl has highly
expandible smectite / illite mixed layer.
Cr-rich smectites (volkonskoite) and opaline phases are noticed within the travertine.
Veins filled with secondary mineralization of calcite, gypsum and zeolite are common in the
metamorphic (cement) zone and in the bituminous marl. Many trace elements are incorporated
in the low temperature mineral phases (solid solution series). Co-precipitation of these
elements in mineral phases is of great importance to control the concentration of these
elements in groundwater.
The travertine in central Jordan and the neighbouring areas indicate a longterm
analogue of carbonation and remobilization of silica in cementitious barriers for radioactive
waste repositories. The presence of Cr-rich smectites and relatively high levels of U in opaline
silica may suggest the use of central Jordan outcrops as analogues with the repository
disturbed zone. Clays (smectites) and silica phases are expected to be a sink for alteration
products in the late stage evolution of a high pH plume.

BRINGING COMMON REGULATORY REGIMES TO THE REGION
Joseph Huse
Co-Head of Freshfields' Nuclear Power Group
1. Regional context: plans for nuclear new build in MENA.

2. Key challenges:
• generating international confidence in nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear
• security;
• implementing comprehensive domestic legal and regulatory infrastructure in
• states with developing legal systems;
• human resources: recruiting, training and educating regulators; and
• political will and public support and acceptance.
3. Key legal and regulatory challenges:
• compliance with international treaty obligations;
• selection of appropriate nuclear liability regime;
• taking into account the existing legislative and regulatory framework;
• promotion of regulatory certainty and stability;
• compliance with the IAEA’s Basic Safety Series;
• balancing the interests of the public as well as those of private sector
• participants;
• developing a regime that encourages international players into the MENA
• region; and
• competition for scarce technical and human resources.
4. Benefits of harmonisation of legal and regulatory regimes throughout the region including:
• standardisation of reactor designs; and
• streamlining of licensing processes.

The Design & Construction of a Subcritical Reactor: Jordan’s First Nuclear Facility
Ned Xoubi
Jordan Subcritical Assembly (JSA) Project Manager
Commissioner for Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Jordan Atomic Energy Commission
PO Box 70, ShafaBadran 111111 Amman - Jordan
Drxoubi@Yahoo.com
The design and construction of Jordan Subcritical Assembly (JSA), is another step in
Jordan’s efforts to develop its nuclear infrastructure, and to introduce nuclear power as part of
its energy mix. Realizing the vital importance of human resource development, Jordan
established a nuclear engineering education program, with the aim to graduate qualified
engineers that will help in the design, building and running of Jordan’s first nuclear power
plant. In the absence of any reactors or other nuclear facilities in Jordan, and in order to
support and enhance students experience in laboratory-based courses, the Jordan Atomic
Energy Commission (JAEC) decided to construct a subcritical assembly at the Nuclear
Engineering Department at JUST University. This abstract presents a description of Jordan
Subcritical Assembly. Also, it outlines a set of nuclear reactor laboratory experiments designed
to enable nuclear engineering students to gain first-hand practical experience on the
fundamental physics of the fission process and of a subcritical nuclear reactor.
Jordan Subcritical Assembly (JSA) is a small nuclear reactor facility designed for the
purpose of education, training, and experimental research. JSA is capable of sustaining
nuclear chain reaction in the presence of an extraneous neutron source, while ensuring not to
reach criticality, making inherently safe to be operated by students and trainees. JSA consists
of a reactor core, core vessel fuel rods, operation platform, water feed and drainage system,
neutron source drive system, I&C system, and a control counsel. The reactor core consists of
313 fuel rods, loaded into a water-filled vessel in a square lattice of 1.91 cm pitch. Fuel rods
are PWR structural pattern type, each rod contains 43 ceramic pellets, made of 3.4% enriched
uranium oxide UO2. The pellets are stacked and enclosed within a zirconium alloy (Zr-4)
cladding. The fuel rods are positioned in the subcritical assembly by two grids, the upper grid
plate is made of acrylic glass and the lower grid plate is made of aluminum alloy, the two grids
are fixed to the aluminum vessel of reactor with joint poles. The water in the vessel is high de-
ionized distilled light water, which serves mainly as a moderator when the reactor is in
operation. The vessel can be filled with water, and quickly drain using the water feed and
discharge system. JSA advanced digital monitoring & control system in the main control room
is responsible for the monitoring and control of the subcritical assembly’s operation conditions
and the equipment of process systems, it allows for the inspection, display, alarm, saving and
printing of operating parameters of the main process, electrical and other systems.
JSA is designed mainly as an educational tool for teaching, training and experimental
research of nuclear engineering students and trainees. The simple and safe design provides
students a unique understanding of fundamental aspects of nuclear reactor behavior and
hands-on experience in determining key reactor parameters. The following experiments can be
performed using JSA:
• Approach-to-Criticality Experiment
• Axial & Radial Flux distribution
• Absolute Flux measurement
• Rossi-α method and Feynman-α method
• Source-jerk Experiment
• Fuel void Effect
• Control rod (poison) Effect

LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR RADIATION AND

TEMPERATURE ON THE MATERIALS
M. M. Abu-Samreh
Al-Quds University
Faculty of Science and Technology
Department of Physics
Jerusalem, Palestine
Available literature was reviewed for information pertinent to the effects of radiation and
temperature on material. The accessible literature was searched for the following data on
concrete deterioration, fused materials and polymers. The review covered the available open
literature such as accessible U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reports, available reports from
user organizations (i.e., the American Concrete Institute), standards organizations (i.e., the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers [ASME]), and professional organizations (i.e., the
American Nuclear Society [ANS]). In addition, personal contacts were made with appropriate
researchers at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) and
other DOE sites.
No effects of radiation were found for exposures less than 1010 neutron/cm2 or 1010 Gy
gamma for periods less than 50 years.
Reductions in compressive and tensile strength and a marked increase in volume are
reported for exposures greater than 1020 neutron/cm2 or 1010 rads of gamma. There are
conflicting reports of damage for doses in the middle ranges.

ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING IN JORDAN: PRESENT STATUS AND

FUTURE PLANS
Ektimal Al-Nemri
Supportive Technical Services Directorate
The main objective of the radiation monitoring program in Jordan is to continuously

monitor and detect increases in radiation levels, and to provide information that can help
scientists evaluate the risks to the population and the environment. On one hand, the
experience we have in this filed focused on detecting any possible anthropogenic
radionuclides crossing the country boarders from outside. On the other hand, as Jordan now
prepares to start its own nuclear program, the importance of environmental radiation
monitoring becomes more important. At this crucial stage, Jordan Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (JNRC), the national organization responsible for protecting public health and
safety from harmful nuclear radiation, and as part of its responsibility, is required to perform the
necessary monitoring around future nuclear power plants in order to ensure that the
radioactive releases from the plant do not negatively impact the environment and consequently
the public. Thus, there is a necessity for drawing up a comprehensive, yet realistic, monitoring
strategy, to supply baseline data that supports national decision makers.

SOLVING NEUTRON DIFFUSION EQUATIONS FOR DIFFERENT GEOMETRIES USING

THE HOMOTOPY PERTURBATION METHOD
Kafa Khasawneh1, Saed Dababneh1,2, Zaid Odibat1

1
Prince Abdullah Bin Ghazi Faculty of Science and IT, Al-Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box
7051, Salt 19117, Jordan.
2
Jordan Nuclear Regulatory Commission JNRC, P.O. Box 2587, Amman 11941, Jordan.
The homotopy perturbation method is used to formulate a new analytic solution of the
neutron diffusion equation both for a sphere and a hemisphere of fissile material. Different
boundary conditions are investigated; including zero flux on boundary, zero flux on
extrapolated boundary, and radiation boundary condition. The interaction between two
hemispheres with opposite flat faces is also presented. Numerical results are provided for one-
speed fast neutrons in 235U. A comparison with Bessel function based solutions demonstrates
that the homotopy perturbation method can exactly reproduce the results. The computational
implementation of the analytic solutions was found to improve the numeric results when
compared to finite element calculations.

CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL MATRICES USING X-RAY COMPTON

SCATTERING TECHNIQUE
Hanan Saleh1, Saed Dababneh2,3, Jamal Sharaf3,4, Shada Ramahi5

1
Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan.
2
3
4
Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
5
King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
The variation in the number of Compton scattered photons with depth, along the direction
of the incident beam, gives a counting curve with a slope linearly proportional to the object
density. Linear scan data of longitudinal sections of composite phantoms generates profiles of its
density distribution. Therefore, the technique has had success in the field of tissue
characterization. The aim of this work is to develop a rapid, sensitive and simple technique to
monitor materials of low-density contrast with a low radiation dose given to the object.
Consequently, a principal area of interest in this study is to combine scanning and scattering
techniques to create a method that yields quantitative information about the density spatial
distribution within an object under the circumstances in which attenuation correction could be
avoided. The approach has the ability of distinguishing the presence and location of any density
variation within an object with a dimension related to the spatial resolution of the system. CERN's
Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit was used to optimize the setup and to decrease any
associated limitations. Building Geant4 modeling codes that simulate the real setup simplifies the
process and decreases the time and effort needed to apply the approach on a wide set of
biological samples and phantoms. Experimental and simulated results of tissue equivalent
materials are presented, which demonstrate the validity of the method in monitoring the variation
in the density.

MULTI-GAP RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBERS FOR HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRON DETECTION
K. Boretzky1 , C. Caesar1
O. Nusair1, 2
J. Hehner1, M. Heil1, G. Schrieder1,
W. Prokopowicz , D. Bemmerer3, K. Heidel3, M. Kempe3, M. Sobiella3, D. Stach3,
1
A. Wagner3, D. Yakorev3, M. Elvers4, A. Zilges4, S. Bhattacharya5, U. Datta Pramanik5

1
GSI, Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1,
64291 Darmstadt, Germany.
2
3
FZD, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400,
01328 Dresden, Germany.
4
Universität zu Köln, Albertus-Magnus-Platz,
50923 Köln, Germany.
5
SINP, Saha Institue of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar
Kolkata -700 064, India.
The R3B project; Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams, at FAIR facility (Facility
for Anti-proton and Ion Research) at GSI-Germany, aims for investigations of unstable nuclei
by means of reactions with high-energy radioactive beams in inverse kinematics. The physics
program of this project includes studies of reactions involving the emission of neutrons with
projectile-like energies. In order to perform kinematically complete measurements, a high
energy neutron detector is required. For this purpose, the high resolution neutron time-of-flight
spectrometer NeuLAND is being developed. The idea is to modify Resistive Plate Counters
well used in minimum ionizing particle detection to be neutron counters keeping the same
excellent properties of time resolution and efficiency. The desired neutron momentum
resolution of NeuLAND is ∆p/p = 10-3, which is similar to that for the measurement of charged
particles. Since the neutron flight path will range from 10 to 35 m, this momentum resolution
can be reached at a time-of-flight resolution of σTOF < 100 ps and a position resolution of σ
x,y,z =1 cm. The design parameters also ask for a neutron detection efficiency of more than
90%. The results of test experiments of MRPC prototypes are discussed here.

EVALUATION OF SCATTER DOSE CONTRIBUTION OF 192Ir IN BRACHYTHERAPY BY

MONTE CARLO SIMULATION
Eshraq Ababneh1, Saed Dababneh1,2, Sharif Qatarneh3, Shada Ramahi3

1
2
3
King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
Monte Carlo simulation is adopted to establish an alternative methodology for accurate

dose calculation in brachytherapy treatment planning. Geant4 toolkit combined with several
analysis techniques are developed to compute the total, primary and scattered dose
components around an 192Ir source. The geometry has been carefully modeled, and the exact
and detailed decay of the source has been included. The simulation is used to study the dose
variation inside a phantom at different depths, and to investigate the dose behavior in different
phantom materials. The dose distribution is presented as isodose contours. The simulation has
been validated after performing a series of tests, therefore, the methodology furnishes the
ground for further future implementation in different clinical geometries. This work is meant to
contribute to the global effort for improving brachytherapy treatment planning.

A STUDY OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY IN DRINKING WATER IN AMMAN, JORDAN
Sajedah M. Al-Amir1, Ibrahim F. Al-Hamarneh1, Tahseen Al-bed2

1
Prince Abdullah Bin Ghazi Faculty of Science and IT, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117,
Jordan.
2
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission JAEC, Amman, Jordan.
The presence of naturally occurring radionuclides in drinking water and their effects on
human health are of major concern. Therefore, assessment of drinking water radioactivity
content and estimation of the corresponding effective dose equivalent received by humans
from water intake are main topics. In Jordan, the recommended reference level for committed
effective dose is 0.5 mSv from one year’s consumption of drinking water and the
recommended screening levels are 0.5 and 1 Bq l-1 for gross alpha and gross beta activity
concentration, respectively.
In this study, concentrations of gross alpha and beta activities were determined in tap
waters collected from eight different locations in Amman, Jordan. These activities were ranged
from <0.050 to 0.250±0.030 for gross alpha and from <0.188 to 0.327±0.053 Bq l-1 for gross
beta.
Evaluation of the activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in Sweileh water sample
was performed using alpha spectrometry after applying a suitable radiochemical separation
procedure. The concentrations of 234U, 238U and 235U in mBq l-1 were found to be 16.5±2.3,
15.9±2.3 and 0.038±0.015, respectively. The 234U/238U activity ratio was approximately close to
the equilibrium value of unity.
The sample with highest gross alpha activity was used to determine its content of 226Ra
by de-gassing technique, and gamma ray spectrometry was used to quantify the radioactivity
of 40K and 228Ra in selected samples.
Natural radioactivity content of the deduced tap waters of Amman were compared with
a drinking water sample collected from Aqaba as it is supplied from another source (partially
from a Disi aquifer). It was found that Aqaba sample contains higher concentrations of gross
alpha and beta activities which were 0.64±0.02 and 0.71±0.03 Bq l-1, respectively. In addition
to that, the activity concentrations of 234U, 238U, 235U, 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K radionuclides in
Aqaba sample were found to be higher than Amman tap waters. Actually, these concentrations
were: 119±11, 33±4, 21±3, 70±3, 170±20 and 20±6 Bq l-1, respectively. The 234U/238U activity
ratio has a value of approximately three.
Finally, the effective dose estimation from water intake was calculated for different age
classes.

The Calibration of In-Situ Gamma-Ray Spectrometers:

A Comparative Study of Different Approaches
Ahmad Al-Qararah1,2, Saed Dababneh1,2, Ibrahim F. Al-Hamarneh1

1
2
As radioactivity in the environment may have severe implications for human health,
accurate methods for assessing activity levels in the environment are essential, both for
emergency preparedness and, on a longer timescale, for radioecological surveys. An important
technique for the determination of ground deposition activity levels is in-situ gamma-ray
spectroscopy. Nowadays, high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors are often the choice for in-
situ measurements because of their superior energy resolution. This is one of the effective and
fairly accurate methods for measuring the ground deposition of gamma-emitting radionuclides,
provided that the system is well efficiency-calibrated.
Calibration methods are available for reasonably simple geometries and activity depth
distributions that can be easily described by mathematical expressions. In order to determine
the efficiency for more complex geometries, which are intricate to be described
mathematically, one can employ Monte Carlo techniques which have gained attractiveness
with the ongoing increase in computational power.
The objective of this work is to calibrate in-situ gamma ray spectrometers by semi-
empirical methods and by using GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations, and to make a comparison
between the traditional soil sampling and in-situ measurements with different approaches.

‫‪SENA Establishment‬‬
‫‪For Laboratory Equipment Trading‬‬
‫ﻧـﻘـﺎﺑـــﺔ اﻟﻤـﻬﻨـﺪﺳـــــﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻷردﻧـــــﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫“ﻓﺮع اﻟﺒﻠﻘﺎء”‬

ISNE 09 Booklet

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Agenda and Abstracts

Saed Dababneh Saed Dababneh Ghandi Anfoka

The 2nd International Symposium on Nuclear Energy

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 1

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 2

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 3

The Rose-Red City of Petra

The Dead Sea

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 4

Sunday, October 25, 2009

Monday, October 26, 2009

10:00 to 10:30 Opening Ceremony

10:30 to 11:00 Coffee Break

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 5

15:30 to 16:00 TRACTEBEL ENGINEERING (GDF SUEZ)

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 6

Tuesday, October 27, 2009

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 7

Engineering IATE, Russia)

Wednesday, October 28, 2009

Edouard Scott de Martinville

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 8

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 9

Closing Session and Ceremony

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 10

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 11

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 12

JORDAN: WHY NUCLEAR?

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 13

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 14

THE ARAB NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMMES: A CHALLENGE TO MEET

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 15

ROLE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN ENERGY SCENARIO OF PAKISTAN IN THE

Sustainable socio-economic growth requires reliable, abundant and affordable supply of

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 16

PROSPECTS FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION IN NUCLEAR ENERGY PRODUCTION

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 17

THE ROLE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION OF SYRIA IN PROMOTING

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 18

NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE: PRESENT AND FUTURE

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 19

FUEL CYCLE FOR ENHANCED CANDU 6

A.C. De Vuono and A.G. Lee

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 20

KOREAN NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 21

REGULATORY PROCESS FOR NEW CANDU BUILD

A.G. Lee and A.C. De Vuono

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 22

NUCLEAR SAFETY REGULATION AND HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN KOREA

Youn Won Park

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 23

ENERGY CHALLENGERS OF THE 21ST CENTURY AND PROBLEM OF PERSONNEL

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 24

ON THE ISSUE OF RADIOACTIVITY AND BIOHAZARD INDEX OF BASIC NUCLEAR FUEL

Yu. Kazansky, D.Klinov

One of the main factors restricting nuclear power development worldwide is a

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 25

THE ALGERIAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION (COMENA): NUCLEAR SCIENCE

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 26

FISSION OF NEPTUNIUM-239 COMPOUND NUCLEI AT INTERMEDIATE EXCITATION

ISNE-09 Agenda and Abstracts - Page 27

TRACTEBEL ENGINEERING EXPERIENCE IN STEAM GENERATOR REPLACEMENT

Much experience has been gained by Tractebel Engineering in Belgium on steam