Important Mathematical Formulas

Maths Formulas
1. (a + b)(a b) = a2 b2

1. (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)

1. (a b)2 = a2 + b2 2ab

1. (a + b + c + d)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + 2(ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd)

1. (a b)3 = a3 b3 3ab(a b)

1. (a b)(a2 + b2 m ab) = a3 b3

1. (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 -ab bc ca) = a3 + b3 + c3 3abc =

1/2 (a + b + c)[(a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2]

1. when a + b + c = 0, a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc

1. (x + a)(x + b) (x + c) = x3 + (a + b + c) x2 + (ab + bc + ac)x + abc

1. (x a)(x b) (x c) = x3 (a + b + c) x2 + (ab + bc + ac)x abc

1. a4 + a2b2 + b4 = (a2 + ab + b2)( a2 ab + b2)

1. a4 + b4 = (a2 2ab + b2)( a2 + 2ab + b2)

1. an + bn = (a + b) (a n-1 a n-2 b+ a n-3 b2 a

b3 +.. + b n-1)
n-4

(valid only if n is odd)

1. an bn = (a b) (a n-1 + a n-2 b + a n-3 b2 + a n-4 b3 + + b n-1)
{where n N)
1. (a b) is always positive while -(a b) is always negative, for
2n 2n

any real values of a and b

1. (a b)2n = (b a)2 and (a b)2n+1 = (b a)2n+1

1. if and are the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, roots of cx +

bx + a = 0 are 1/ and 1/.
if and are the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, roots of ax2
bx + c = 0 are - and -.
1.
n(n + l)(2n + 1) is always divisible by 6.

32n leaves remainder = 1 when divided by 8

 n3 + (n + 1 )3 + (n + 2 )3 is always divisible by 9

102n + 1 + 1 is always divisible by 11

n(n2 1) is always divisible by 6

n2+ n is always even

23n-1 is always divisible by 7

152n-1 +l is always divisible by 16

n3 + 2n is always divisible by 3

34n 4 3n is always divisible by 17

n! + 1 is not divisible by any number between 2 and n

(where n! = n (n l)(n 2)(n 3).3.2.1)
for eg 5! = 5.4.3.2.1 = 120 and similarly 10! = 10.9.8.2.1=
3628800

1. Product of n consecutive numbers is always divisible by n!.

1. If n is a positive integer and p is a prime, then np n is divisible by

p.

1. |x| = x if x 0 and |x| = x if x 0.

1. Minimum value of a2.sec2 + b2.cosec2 is (a + b)2; (0 < < 90)

for eg. minimum value of 49 sec2 + 64.cosec2 is (7 + 8)2 = 225.

2. among all shapes with the same perimeter a circle has the largest
area.

1. if one diagonal of a quadrilateral bisects the other, then it also

bisects the quadrilateral.

1. sum of all the angles of a convex quadrilateral = (n 2)180

1. number of diagonals in a convex quadrilateral = 0.5n(n 3)

1. let P, Q are the midpoints of the nonparallel sides BC and AD of a

trapezium ABCD.Then,
APD = CQB.