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RESUMEN INGLES.
Hydropower is generated electricity that harnesses the energy of moving water. Rain
or meltwater, hills and mountains, streams and rivers that flow into the ocean. The
power generated by these streams can be considerable, as anyone who has done
rapids knows.
This type of energy has been exploding for years. This energy has been exploited
for centuries. Farmers from ancient Greece used water mills to grind wheat and
make flour. Located in the rivers, water mills collect moving water and buckets
located around the mill. The kinetic energy of moving water rotates the mill and
becomes the mechanical energy that moves the mill.
Hydropower provides nearly a fifth of the world's electricity. China, Canada, the
United States and Russia were the five largest producers of this type of energy in
2004. One of the largest hydropower plants in the world is located in the Three
Canyons on the Yangtze River of China. The deposit of these facilities began to be
filled in 2003, but the plant is not expected to be fully operational until 2009. The dam
measures 2.3 kilometers wide and 185 meters high.
The largest hydroelectric power plant in the United States is adjacent to the Grand
Coulee dam on the Columbia River in northern Washington state. More than 70
percent of the electricity produced in this state comes from hydroelectric plants.
Hydroelectric power is the one that generates electricity more cheaply today. This is
because, once the dam has been built and has put the technical material, the energy
source (moving water) is free. This energy source is clean and renewed every year
through thawing and rainfall.
In addition, this type of energy is easily accessible, because engineers can control
the amount of water that passes through the turbines to produce electricity according
to the sea needed. What's more, tanks can offer recreational opportunities, stories
such as bathing areas and boat trips.
However, the construction of dams in rivers can destroy or affect the flora and fauna
and other natural resources. Some elements, such as salmon, move to find it
impossible to swim upstream to spawn. The latest technologies, such as fish ladders,
help salmon to pass over prey and enter the mouth areas, but the presence of
Cambodian hydroelectric dams migratory patterns and harms fish populations.
Hydropower plants can also cause lower levels of oxygen in the water, which is
harmful to the fluids of habitats.
ADVANTAGES
It allows to carry out recreational activities (rowing, bathing, etc). The plants
do not prevent bathing or being in the water.
It is not consumed. The water is taken at one point and returned to another at
a lower elevation.
INCONVENIENTS
The dams: insurmountable obstacles Salmon and other species that have to
trace the rivers to spawn are found with walls that can not penetrate
Contamination "of water: The reservoir water does not have the conditions of
salinity, dissolved gases, temperature, nutrients, and other properties of the
water that flows through the river.
Sediment depletion to the low course: The sediments accumulate in the
reservoir, impoverishing the rest of the river to the mouth.
In the case of reservoir plants built in tropical regions, studies have shown
that, as a result of the stagnation of the waters, they generate great diseases.
Hydraulic power plants cost a lot of money to build and are not competitive
compared to fossil sources because these are quite cheaper.
RESUMEN ESPAOL
Este tipo de energa lleva aos explotndose. Esta energa ha sido explotada
durante siglos. Los agricultores, desde la antigua Grecia utilizaron molinos de agua
para moler el trigo y hacer harina. Localizados en los ros, los molinos de agua
recogen el agua en movimiento y cubos situados alrededor del molino. La energa
cintica del agua en movimiento gira el molino y se convierte en la energa mecnica
que mueve el molino.
A finales del siglo XIX, la energa hidroelctrica se convirti en una fuente para
generar electricidad. La primera central hidroelctrica se construy en Niagara Falls
en 1879. En 1881, las farolas de la ciudad de Niagara Falls funcionaban mediante
energa hidroelctrica. En 1882, la primera central hidroelctrica del mundo empez
a funcionar en Estados Unidos en Appleton, Wisconsin.
Una central hidroelctrica clsica es un sistema que consiste en tres partes: una
central elctrica en la que se produce la electricidad; Una presa que puede abrirse
y cerrarse para controlar el paso del agua; Y un depsito en que se puede almacenar
agua. El agua de detrs de la presa fluye a travs de una entrada y hace la presin
contra las palas de una turbina, lo que hace que los stas se muevan. La turbina
hace girar un generador para producir la electricidad. La cantidad de electricidad
que puede generar depende de hasta que llega el agua y de la cantidad de esta que
se mueve a travs del sistema. La electricidad puede transportarse mediante cables
elctricos de gran longitud hasta casas, fbricas y negocios.
Adems, este tipo de energa es accesible fcil, ya que los ingenieros pueden
controlar la cantidad de agua que pasa a travs de las turbinas para producir la
electricidad segn el mar necesario. Lo que es ms, los depsitos pueden ofrecer
oportunidades recreativas, cuentos como zonas de bao y paseo en barca.
Sin embargo, la construccin de presas en los ros puede destruir o afectar a la flora
y la fauna y otros recursos naturales. Algunos elementos, como el salmn, el
movimiento de encontrarse con la imposibilidad de nadar ro arriba para desovar.
Las ltimas tecnologas, como las escaleras de peces, ayudan a los salmones a
pasar por encima de las presas y entrar en las zonas de desembocadura, pero la
presencia de las presas hidroelctricas de Camboya sus patrones migratorios y
perjudica a las poblaciones de peces. Las centrales hidroelctricas tambin pueden
provocar la disminucin de los niveles de oxgeno en el agua, lo que resulta daino
para los fluidos de los hbitats.
VENTAJAS
INCONVENIENTES