input

Graph data input: Calorific value [MJ/kg]

Fuel : EFB .
20.00
GCV dry : 18.10 MJ/kg dry .
H dry : 5.90% . 19.00
Ash dry : 3.30% . 18.00
source : MPOB 2006 in "The J. 17.00
H2O latent h 2.500 MJ/kg standard value at 0C 16.00
H2O latent h 2.258 MJ/kg value at 100C 15.00
NB : 9.01 is the ratio of molar mass of H2O an H2 14.00
13.00
12.00
11.00
10.00
9.00
GCV dry
8.00
7.00 NCV dry
6.00
GCV wet
5.00
4.00 NCV wet
3.00
2.00
1.00
-
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Multi entry table: blue: input

unlock sheet password : " unlock " light blue: mirror input
Hypothesis
likeliness

Enter the statistic data from relevant biomass : Ash Ash hydrogen co
Husk EFB PKS Mes. Fibre %m dry (MF) %m wet ( %m dry (MF)
GCVdry mean 15.40 18 20 20 -316.8 20.00% 18.20% 4.70%
-23.1 20.00% 18.20% 4.70%
-141.9 20.00% 18.20% 4.70%
-5.6 20.00% 18.20% 4.70%
Define the probabilities of the alternatives : -55.4 20.00% 18.20% 4.70%
AR basis 4 33% -3.1 20.00% 18.20% 4.70%
MF basis 4 33% -316.8 20.00% 18.35% 4.70%
MAF basis 4 33% -23.2 20.00% 18.35% 4.70%
GCV 1 9% -141.9 20.00% 18.35% 4.70%
NCV 10 91% -5.7 20.00% 18.35% 4.70%
Wwet 4 50% -63.2 20.00% 18.35% 4.70%
Wdry 4 50% -2.2 20.00% 18.35% 4.70%

In what situation to use this table :

If a "Calorific value" is given at a certain "
Is it GCV or NCV ?
Is it on Dry, Wet, or even Ash fre
Is the moisture on Dry or Wet m
This table is exploring instantaneously each of these
Calculated data table to draw the chart:
Dry basis Wet basis Procedure to identify a "Calorific value" at a given "m
W dry basisW wet basis GCV NCV GCV NCV On each horizontale line is a set of value
kgH20/kgdrykgH20/kgwet MJ/kg MJ/kg MJ/kg MJ/kg Each line has inputs in blue. Each line is
0.00% 0% 18.10 ### 18.10 16.77 1 Enter the couple to analyse : calorific valu
2.56% 2.50% 18.10 ### 17.65 16.29 2 Put relevant values for Hydrogen and Ash
5.26% 5.00% 18.10 ### 17.20 15.81 these same values will be entered in all th
8.11% 7.50% 18.10 ### 16.74 15.33 then all the possible combination hypothe
11.11% 10.00% 18.10 ### 16.29 14.84 3 You can enter probabilities about what yo
14.29% 12.50% 18.10 ### 15.84 14.36 For example, it is very rare to talk on "Ash
17.65% 15.00% 18.10 ### 15.39 13.88 and then you can give a low probability to
21.21% 17.50% 18.10 ### 14.93 13.40 GCVdry column is where you can check
25.00% 20.00% 18.10 ### 14.48 12.92 The leftmost column is showing colored f
29.03% 22.50% 18.10 ### 14.03 12.44
33.33% 25.00% 18.10 ### 13.58 11.95 4 On the chosen line,
37.93% 27.50% 18.10 ### 13.12 11.47 the position of its blue cells show weither
42.86% 30.00% 18.10 ### 12.67 10.99 GCV/NCV, dry/wet, and Wdry/Wwet .
48.15% 32.50% 18.10 ### 12.22 10.51
53.85% 35.00% 18.10 ### 11.77 10.03
60.00% 37.50% 18.10 ### 11.31 9.54 List of usable formulas, to calculate values from GCV
66.67% 40.00% 18.10 ### 10.86 9.06
73.91% 42.50% 18.10 ### 10.41 8.58 Wwet GCVdry
81.82% 45.00% 18.10 ### 9.96 8.10
90.48% 47.50% 18.10 ### 9.50 7.62 30% 18.00 12.60
100.00% 50.00% 18.10 ### 9.05 7.14
110.53% 52.50% 18.10 ### 8.60 6.65 30% 18.00 10.89
122.22% 55.00% 18.10 ### 8.15 6.17
135.29% 57.50% 18.10 ### 7.69 5.69 30% 18.00 15.55
150.00% 60.00% 18.10 ### 7.24 5.21
166.67% 62.50% 18.10 ### 6.79 4.73
185.71% 65.00% 18.10 ### 6.34 4.24
207.69% 67.50% 18.10 ### 5.88 3.76
233.33% 70.00% 18.10 ### 5.43 3.28
263.64% 72.50% 18.10 ### 4.98 2.80
300.00% 75.00% 18.10 ### 4.53 2.32
344.44% 77.50% 18.10 ### 4.07 1.84

400.00% 80.00% 18.10 ### 3.62 1.35

471.43% 82.50% 18.10 ### 3.17 0.87
566.67% 85.00% 18.10 ### 2.72 0.39

700.00% 87.50% 18.10 ### 2.26 (0.09)

 900.00% 90.00% 18.10 ### 1.81 (0.57)
1233.33% 92.50% 18.10 ### 1.36 (1.05)

1900.00% 95.00% 18.10 ### 0.90 (1.54)

3900.00% 97.50% 18.10 ### 0.45 (2.02)
Infinity 100.00% 18.10 nfinity -
 Biomass calorific values

GCV dry

NCV dry

GCV wet

NCV wet

20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Moisture
Prepared by KYOTOenergy.net
with water standard latent heat at 0C = 2.500 MJ/kg
data from " ... " GCVdry = ...MJ/kg , Hdry = ...%,

ight blue: mirror input Calorific values by mass basis

Ash free (MAF) Dry (MF) Wet, total (AR)
W dry W wet GCV NCV GCV NCV GCV NCV
kgH20/kgwet (AR) MJ/kg
kgH20/kgdry (MF) MJ/kg MJ/kg MJ/kg MJ/kg MJ/kg Probability Wwet/dry NCV/GCV
9.89% 9.00% 13.25 11.62 10.60 9.29 9.65 8.46 1.52% 50% 9%
9.89% 9.00% 14.88 13.25 11.91 10.60 10.83 9.65 15.15% 50% 91%
9.89% 9.00% 16.56 14.93 13.25 11.94 12.06 10.87 1.52% 50% 9%
9.89% 9.00% 18.19 16.56 14.56 13.25 13.25 12.06 15.15% 50% 91%
9.89% 9.00% 18.20 16.57 14.56 13.25 13.25 12.06 1.52% 50% 9%
9.89% 9.00% 19.83 18.20 15.87 14.56 14.44 13.25 15.15% 50% 91%
9.00% 8.26% 13.25 11.65 10.60 9.32 9.72 8.55 1.52% 50% 9%
9.00% 8.26% 14.85 13.25 11.88 10.60 10.90 9.72 15.15% 50% 91%
9.00% 8.26% 16.56 14.96 13.25 11.97 12.16 10.98 1.52% 50% 9%
9.00% 8.26% 18.17 16.56 14.53 13.25 13.33 12.16 15.15% 50% 91%
 9.00% 8.26% 18.05 16.45 14.44 13.16 13.25 12.07 1.52% 50% 9%
9.00% 8.26% 19.66 18.05 15.73 14.44 14.43 13.25 15.15% 50% 91%
100.00%
Get it in kcal : 3,167 kcal/kg
source: ISO 31-4 : 1cal = 4.184 J

se this table :
rific value" is given at a certain "moisture", you should always wonder :
Is it GCV or NCV ?
Is it on Dry, Wet, or even Ash free mass basis ?
Is the moisture on Dry or Wet mass basis ?
g instantaneously each of these hypothesis : each line is a possible combination.

a "Calorific value" at a given "moisture" :

horizontale line is a set of values consistent with each others
has inputs in blue. Each line is then a hypothesis when identifying a unknown value
couple to analyse : calorific value and moisture (deep blue cells)
ant values for Hydrogen and Ash content (inaccuracy will have low impact on results)
me values will be entered in all the input cells (light blue)
he possible combination hypothesis are explored
enter probabilities about what you think is likely to be.
ple, it is very rare to talk on "Ash free basis",
you can give a low probability to this element in the small left table
column is where you can check the validity of each line-hypothesis.
ost column is showing colored factor of the line likeliness to be the right combination

on of its blue cells show weither the entry should be considered as :

V, dry/wet, and Wdry/Wwet .

s, to calculate values from GCVdry and Wwet

GCV wet ( w)=GCV dry GCV dry . w

NCV wet =(GCV dry 9 .01. l H20 .hdry )(1w )l H 20 w
w
NCV dry (w)=(GCV dry 9 . 01l H 20hdry .)l H 20 .
1w
NCV wet w
GCV dry = +9 . 01 .l H 20 . h dry + l H 20 .
1w 1w
AR/MF/MAF
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
 Red text : wrong or suspicious values

Compilation of data about biomass calorific values

cut and paste to the graph input the desired set of values

StanDev : Averages :
EFB Fuel : EFB EFB EFB EFB EFB
0.61 18.02 GCV dry : 18.54 17.39 18.10 18.67 17.41
0.28% 6.10% H dry : 6.30% 5.90%
2.26% 5.91% Ash dry : 7.30% 3.30% 7.13%
source : PORIM 1EcoSecuriMPOB 20
SIRIM 20CONSOLIDATED 2006
PKS Fuel : PKS PKS PKS PKS
2.08 20.49 GCV dry : 18.65 21.00 19.10 23.22
0.07% 6.25% H dry : 6.30% 6.20%
0.62% 2.77% Ash dry : 3.20% 2.33%
source : PORIM 1EcoSecuriMPOB 20
SIRIM 2008 Hartalega
Mesocarb Fi Fuel : Mesocarb
Mesocarb Fibers
0.63 20.30 GCV dry : 20.75 19.85
#DIV/0! 6.00% H dry : 6.00%
#DIV/0! 8.40% Ash dry : 8.40%
source : PORIM 1EcoSecurities 2003
Straw Fuel : Straw
#DIV/0! 15.20 GCV dry : 15.20
#DIV/0! 5.10% H dry : 5.10%
#DIV/0! 19.20% Ash dry : 19.20%
source : Omori 2006
Rice straw Fuel : Rice straw
#DIV/0! 15.40 GCV dry : 15.40
#DIV/0! 5.70% H dry : 5.70%
#DIV/0! 15.50% Ash dry : 15.50%
source : Omori 2006
Rice husk Fuel : Rice husk
0.31113 15.65 GCV dry : 15.87
0.00% 4.72% H dry : 4.72%
1.57% 23.51% Ash dry : 24.62%
source : BronzeOak
Bagasse Fuel : Bagasse
#DIV/0! 21.20 GCV dry : 21.20
#DIV/0! 6.10% H dry : 6.10%
#DIV/0! 11.30% Ash dry : 11.30%
source : Omori 2006
orific values

Rice husk
15.43
4.72%
22.40%
Hamada
 Red text : wrong or suspicious values

Compilation of data about fossil fuel calorific values

StanDev : Averages :
CH4 Fuel : CH4 CH4 CH4 CH4 CH4
5.11 56.02 GAS GCV : 62.75 50.33 55.48 55.5
5.10 50.39 NCV : 57.09 44.67 49.82 50
0.51% 24.78% H dry : 25.13% 24.42%
source : physics Danish d http:// Ravi menNIST Chemistry WebBook
NG Fuel : NG NG NG NG NG NG NG
3.24 50.23 GCV : 52.51 54.91 51.01 46.62 46.85 49.51
GAS

3.24 45.73 NCV : 48.00 50.40 46.50 42.12 42.35 45.01

#DIV/0! 20.00% H dry :
source : physics IPCC me IPCC maIPCC mi IEA Russi IEA USA IEA Indone
Propane Fuel : Propane Propane
#DIV/0! 50.35 GCV : 50.35
GAS

#DIV/0! 46.35 NCV : 46.35

0.37% 18.02% H dry : 18.29% 17.76%
source : physics NIST Chemistry WebBook
Butane Fuel : Butane
#DIV/0! 49.50 GCV : 49.5
GAS

#DIV/0! 45.75 NCV : 45.75

0.49% 17.00% H dry : 17.34% 16.65%
source : physics NIST Chemistry WebBook
Diesel Fuel : Diesel
#DIV/0! 44.80 GCV : 44.8
LIQUID

1.02 42.57 NCV : 43.00 41.40 43.30

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! H dry :
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! Ash dry :
source : IPCC me IPCC maIPCC mi NIST Chemistry WebBook
Bunker C Fuel : Bunker C
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! GCV :
LIQUID

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! NCV :

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! H dry :
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! Ash dry :
source :
Coal Fuel : Coal Coal Coal Coal
3.26 22.76 GCV : 22.65 26.33 18.46 23.61
SOLID

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! NCV :

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! H dry : low !
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! Ash dry :
source : IEA ChinIEA USA IEA Indi IEA South Africa
alorific values

Molar masses Density of gases

g/mol at T [C] 0
C 12.01 at p [barg] 0
H 1.01 g/mol kg/m3
O 16.00 Methane CH4 16.04 0.7157
-
N 14.01 Ethane C2H6 30.07 1.3415
Propane C3H8 44.09 1.9673
Butane C4H10 58.12 2.5931
20% Rich NG 18.50 0.8253
Assumption Poor NG 18.29 0.8163
Air 28.85 1.2871
O2 31.9988 1.4277
H20 18.0153 0.8038
2008-06-21 ver1-1

graph maker
data from MPOB article, and CONSOLIDATED test

2008-06-26 ver1-2

put the data each on a separated sheet, with references and calculations about data interpretation
added data from SIRIM, EcoSecurities, PORIM
added the "Data summary", for overall result visualisation
added the multi entry table, for unknown value identification and fast diagnostic

problem still : unconfirmed data for SIRIM. Two possible hypothesis

2008-07-07 ver1-3

improved the Calorific value identifyer : probability calculated with color range
Corrected value for SIRIM : report data are NCVwet

2008-07-15 ver1-4

added data from Omori, Scribd.com and Hamada

added excerpts of EcoSecurities & PORIM data

2008-08-08 ver1-5

added data for Fossil fuel, and IEA reference

from
PORIM, FRIM, Singh, G. et al
in
Oil palm and the environment: a malaysian perspective, nov 1999 Fuel :
GCV dry :
moisture NCVwet ? GCVdry H dry :
EFB 55% 6.33 18.54 MJ/kgk Ash dry :
Mesocarp Fiber 40% 10.64 20.75 MJ/kgk source :
PKS 10% 15.26 18.65 MJ/kgk
Palm tree trunk dry basis 18.50 MJ/kgk Fuel :
Fronds dry basis 19.81 MJ/kgk GCV dry :
H dry :
h EFB 6.30% Ash dry :
h fibre 6.00% source :
h PKS 6.30%
Fuel :
NCV wet w GCV dry :
GCV dry = +9 . 01 .l H 20 . h dry + l H 20 . H dry :
1w 1w Ash dry :
source :
 EFB
18.54 MJ/kg dry

PORIM 1999

PKS
18.65 MJ/kg dry

PORIM 1999

Mesocarp Fibers
20.75 MJ/kg dry

PORIM 1999
Renewable energy in malaysia - market p page 75 :
ETSU U/000/00069/REP
DTI/Pub URN 03/754
contractor : EcoSecurities Ltd
Published : Crown Copyright 2003

EFB Proximate analysis EFB Ultimate analysis

volatile 75.5% H 6.3% Fuel :
fixed carbon 17.0% C 48.8% GCV dry :
ash 7.3% S 0.2% H dry :
99.8% > dry basis (MF) N 0.7% Ash dry :
O (deduced) 36.7% source :
GCVdry 17.388 MJ/kg Ash 7.3%
100.0% > dry basis (MF)

PKS Proximate analysis EFB Ultimate analysis

volatile 76.3% H 6.3% Fuel :
fixed carbon 20.5% C 52.4% GCV dry :
ash 3.2% S 0.2% H dry :
100.0% > dry basis (MF) N 0.6% Ash dry :
O (deduced) 37.3% source :
GCVdry 21.001 MJ/kg Ash 3.2%
100.0% > dry basis (MF)

Mesocarb Fiber Proximate analysis Mesocarb Fiber Ultimate analysis

volatile 72.8% H 6.0% Fuel :
fixed carbon 18.8% C 47.2% GCV dry :
ash 8.4% S 0.3% H dry :
100.0% > dry basis (MF) N 1.4% Ash dry :
O (deduced) 36.7% source :
GCVdry 19.852 MJ/kg Ash 8.4%
100.0% > dry basis (MF)
 EFB
17.39 MJ/kg dry
6.30%
7.30%
EcoSecurities 2003

PKS
21.00 MJ/kg dry
6.30%
3.20%
EcoSecurities 2003

Mesocarb Fiber
19.85 MJ/kg dry
6.00%
8.40%
EcoSecurities 2003
from "MPOB - EFB PKS analysis - joprv18june-hussain.pdf"

PKS GCVdry 19.1 MJ/kg

PKS h content dry 6.20%
Ash content wet 2.10% at 9.7% moisture
Ash content dry 2.33%

Fuel : PKS .
GCV dry : 19.10 MJ/kg dry .
H dry : 6.20% .
Ash dry : 2.33% .
source : MPOB 2006 in "The J.

EFB GCVdry 18.1 MJ/kg

EFB h content dry 5.90%
Ash content wet 3.08% at 6.8% moisture
Ash content dry 3.30%

Fuel : EFB .
GCV dry : 18.10 MJ/kg dry .
H dry : 5.90% .
Ash dry : 3.30% .
source : MPOB 2006 in "The J.
total :
100 %
Wet basis ! (As Received)

total :
97.9 %
missing :
2.1 % (Ashes)
Dry basis (Moisture Free)

total :
106.8 %
Excess :
6.8 % (water)
Dry basis (Moisture Free)

total :
96.3 %
missing :
3.7 % (Ashes ? Ok, not far from 3.3%)
Dry basis (Moisture Free)
Fuel : EFB .
GCV dry : 18.67 MJ/kg dry .
H dry : .
Ash dry : .
source : SIRIM 2008 Hartale .

Fuel : PKS .
GCV dry : 23.22 MJ/kg dry .
H dry : .
Ash dry : .
source : SIRIM 2008 Hartale .

Total average :
with GCVwet assumption :
PKS GCVdry 21.16 MJ/kg

EFB GCVdry 14.81 MJ/kg

with NCVwet assumption :

PKS GCVdry 23.22 MJ/kg

EFB GCVdry 18.67 MJ/kg

variation : 26.02 %
the calorimeter builder's site http://www.lecoindia.com/calormtr.htm

Moist wet NCVwet NCVwet GCVdry

% m wet kcal / kg MJ / kg MJ / kg
L H2O [MJ/kg] 2.5 PSK 18.90% 3,851 16.11 21.85
PSK 18.50% 3,872 16.20 21.84
h PSK 6.20% PSK 22.00% 4,105 17.18 24.12
Average 19.80% 3,943 16.50 22.60
h EFB 5.90% EFB 42.70% 1,872 7.83 16.86
EFB 47.20% 1,837 7.69 18.12
ISO 31-4 : 1cal = 4.184 J EFB 55.80% 1,558 6.52 19.23
Average 48.57% 1,756 7.35 18.07

NCV wet
GCV dry = +9 . 01 .l
1w

Moist wet NCVwet NCVwet GCVdry

% m wet kcal / kg MJ / kg MJ / kg
L H2O [MJ/kg] 2.5 PSK 21.10% 4341 18.16 25.09
PSK 22.60% 4058 16.98 24.06
h PSK 6.20% PSK 21.50% 3800 15.90 22.34
Average 21.73% 4,066.33 17.01 23.83
h EFB 5.90% EFB 46.10% 1790 7.49 17.36
EFB 42.50% 1885 7.89 16.89
ISO 31-4 : 1cal = 4.184 J EFB 61.00% 1704 7.13 23.52
Average 49.87% 1,793.00 7.50 19.26

NCV wet
GCV dry = +9 . 01 .l
1w
 As Received = Wet basis

Results are NCVwet

Confirmed by Mr Fadil bin Mohamad (from SIRIM)
July 9th 2008 from tel 55446581
GSM : 016 9 09 25 20

If assumed GCVwet If assumed NCVdry If assumed GCVdry

GCVdry GCVdry GCVdry
MJ / kg MJ / kg MJ / kg
 19.87 18.07 16.11
19.88 18.14 16.20
22.02 19.25 17.18
20.59 18.49 16.50
13.67 11.07 7.83
14.56 11.29 7.69
14.75 11.05 6.52
14.32 11.14 7.35

NCV wet w
GCV dry = +9 . 01 .l H 20 . h dry + l H 20 .
1w 1w

If assumed GCVwet If assumed NCVdry If assumed GCVdry

GCVdry GCVdry GCVdry
MJ / kg MJ / kg MJ / kg
23.02 20.21 18.16
21.94 19.08 16.98
20.25 17.96 15.90
21.74 19.08 17.01
13.89 11.00 7.49
13.72 11.11 7.89
18.28 12.41 7.13
15.30 11.51 7.50

NCV wet w
GCV dry = +9 . 01 .l H 20 . h dry + l H 20 .
1w 1w
 ISO 31-4 : 1cal = 4.184 J

GCVdry GCVdry Ash wet moisture Ash dry

kcal/kg MJ/kg %m wet %m wet %m dry
EFB 4195 17.55 2.58% 54.39% 5.66%
EFB 4350 18.20 4.32% 50.07% 8.65%
EFB 3938 16.48 3.74% 47.21% 7.08%
averages 4,161 17.41 3.55% 50.56% 7.13%

EFB GCVdry 17.41 MJ/kg

Fuel : EFB .
GCV dry : 17.41 MJ/kg dry .
H dry : .
Ash dry : 7.13% .
source : CONSOLIDATED 2006 .
Asian Productivity Organization (APO, Tokyo)
July 2006, presentation in Bangkok
Expert: Hiroshi Omori, from Mitsubishi Chemical
p25 of pdf called "Omori_Part1_EnergyEfficiency.pdf"

Fuel : Rice straw

GCV dry : 15.40
H dry : 5.70%
Ash dry : 15.50% C
source : Omori 2006 %m
coal pitsbur 73.3%
Fuel : Straw coal wyomin 70.0%
GCV dry : 15.20 wood 52.0%
H dry : 5.10% pine bark 52.3%
Ash dry : 19.20% bagasse 47.3%
source : Omori 2006 raw garbag 45.5%
cow dirt 42.7%
Fuel : Bagasse rice chaff 38.5%
GCV dry : 21.20 straw 39.2%
H dry : 6.10%
Ash dry : 11.30%
source : Omori 2006
H O N S Ash Tot GCVdry
%m %m %m %m %m %m MJ/kg
5.3% 10.2% 0.7% 2.8% 7.6% 99.9% 30.40
4.3% 10.2% 0.7% 1.0% 13.8% 100.0% 33.50
6.3% 40.5% 0.1% 0.0% 1.0% 99.9% 20.90
5.8% 38.8% 0.2% 0.0% 2.9% 100.0% 20.40
6.1% 35.5% 0.0% 0.0% 11.3% 100.2% 21.20
6.8% 25.8% 2.4% 0.5% 19.0% 100.0% 16.40
5.5% 31.3% 2.4% 0.3% 17.8% 100.0% 17.20
5.7% 39.8% 0.5% 0.0% 15.5% 100.0% 15.40
5.1% 35.8% 0.6% 0.1% 19.2% 100.0% 15.20
MF basis
RICE HUSK ASH MARKET STUDY
ETSU U/00/00061/REP
DTI/Pub URN 03/668
Contractor : Bronzeoak Ltd
2003

http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file15138.pdf p29

Fuel : Rice husk value set 1 value set 2 mean

GCV dry : 15.87 Ash 22.24% 27% 24.62%
H dry : 4.72% C 35.77% 36.66% 36.22%
Ash dry : 24.62% H 5.06% 4.37% 4.72%
source : BronzeOak 2003 O 36.59% 31.68% 34.14%
N 0.32% 0.23% 0.28%
S 0.08% 0.04% 0.06%
Moisture 8.05% 8.76% 8.41%
Total 108.11% 108.74% 108.43%
MF basis MF basis, after having adjusted the Ash content following this hypot

moisture LHV(wet?) GCVdry

9% 13.25 15.87

NCV wet w
GCV dry = +9 . 01 .l H 20 . h dry + l H 20 .
1w 1w
tg
e Ash content following this hypothesis
http://www.hamadaboiler.com/en/cornertube/ricehuskcornertube.html
about RICE HUSK FIRED REVERSE CHAIN GRATE BOILER 35 TON/H 39 KG/CM2 450 C

Hamada Boiler Group

HUARONG BUILDING ROOM 1705
3880 JIANGNAN ROAD HANGZHOU CITY,
Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Tel: +86-571-87655979, 87655989

Rice husk contains;

Fuel : Rice husk C=34.42%
GCV dry : 15.43 H=4.25%
H dry : 4.72% O=30.41%
Ash dry : 22.40% N=0.22%
source : Hamada S=0.54%
Ash==20.16%
Water=10%

LCV=3,031 Kcal/Kg

NCV wet =(GCV dry 9 .01.l H20 .hdry )(1w

 C 34.42% 38.24%
H 4.25% 4.72%
O 30.41% 33.79%
N 0.22% 0.24%
S 0.54% 0.60%
Ash 20.16% 22.40%
Moisture 10.00%
Total 100% 100%
Wet basis MF basis

NCVwet 3,031 kcal.kg

NCVwet 12.68 MJ/kg
GCVdry 15.43 MJ/kg

l H20 .hdry )(1w )l H20 w

IEA - Key world energy statistics 2005
http://iea.org/dbtw-wpd/Textbase/nppdf/free/2005/key2 p59

normal density
0.8200 kg/Nm3

GCV NCV
kJ/m3 MJ/kg
38,231 46.62 41.96
38,416 46.85 42.16
38,200 46.59 41.93
33,320 40.63 36.57
39,710 48.43 43.58
40,600 49.51 44.56
42,000 51.22 46.10
37,889 46.21 41.59
38,000 46.34 41.71
39,877 48.63 43.77
mean 38,624 47.1028 42.39
Ton equivalent oil
41.868 GJ/toe

toe/kton MJ/kg
541 22.65
629 26.33
441 18.46
564 23.61
614 25.71
545 22.82
543 22.73
444 18.59
516 21.60
574 24.03
541.10 22.65 mean