UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA DEL

GOLFO DE MXICO.

PERFORACIN Y TERMINACIN NO
CONVENCIONAL

EQUIPO:
MARIA JOSE CORDOVA
AGUILAR
LUIS ALBERTO
COLORADO TORRES
KARLA VALERIA PRATS
PEREZ
AURELIO GASPAR
BAUTISTA
CANDELARIO
ALVARADO CORDOVA

Profesor:
Nidia Andrade Tejeda.
Ingeniera Petrolera 6B

06/JULIO/2017
 UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA DEL GOLFO DE MXICO

Deep, Directional Platform Drilling: Problems and Solutions

A
Abnormal pressure: A subsurface condition in which the pore pressure of a geologic
formation exceeds or is less than the expected, or normal, formation pressure. When
impermeable rocks such as shales are compacted rapidly, their pore fluids cannot
always escape and must then support the total overlying rock column, leading to
abnormally high formation pressures. Excess pressure, called overpressure or
geopressure, can cause a well to blowout or become uncontrollable during drilling.

B
Basin: A depression in the crust of the Earth, caused by plate tectonic activity and
subsidence, in which sediments accumulate. Sedimentary basins vary from bowl-
shaped to elongated troughs. Basins can be bounded by faults. Rift basins are
commonly symmetrical; basins along continental margins tend to be asymmetrical.
If rich hydrocarbon source rocks occur in combination with appropriate depth and
duration of burial, then a petroleum system can develop within the basin. Most
basins contain some amount of shale, thus providing opportunities for shale gas
exploration and production.

Bottom hole: The lower portion of the drillstring, consisting of (from the bottom up in
a vertical well) the bit, bit sub, a mud motor (in certain cases), stabilizers, drill collar,
heavy-weight drill pipe, jarring devices ("jars") and crossovers for various thread
forms. The bottom hole assembly must provide force for the bit to break the rock
(weight on bit), survive a hostile mechanical environment and provide the driller with
directional control of the well. Oftentimes the assembly includes a mud motor,
directional drilling and measuring equipment, measurements-while-drilling tools,
logging-while-drilling tools and other specialized devices. A simple BHA consisting of
a bit, various crossovers, and drill collars.

Buoyancy: The upward force acting on an object placed in a fluid. The buoyancy
force is equal to the weight of fluid displaced by the object. Buoyancy can have
significant effects over a wide range of completion and work over activities,
especially in cases in which the wellbore and tubing string contain liquid and gas.
Any change in the relative volumes or fluid levels will change the buoyancy forces.

C
Casing: Large-diameter pipe lowered into an open hole and cemented in place.
The well designer must design casing to withstand a variety of forces, such as
collapse, burst, and tensile failure, as well as chemically aggressive brines. Most
 UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA DEL GOLFO DE MXICO
casing joints are fabricated with male threads on each end, and short-length casing
couplings with female threads are used to join the individual joints of casing
together, or joints of casing may be fabricated with male threads on one end and
female threads on the other. Casing is run to protect fresh water formations, isolate
a zone of lost returns or isolate formations with significantly different pressure
gradients. The operation during which the casing is put into the wellbore is
commonly called "running pipe." Casing is usually manufactured from plain carbon
steel that is heat-treated to varying strengths, but may be specially fabricated of
stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, fiberglass and other materials.

Chemical: a substance defined under HAZCOM (OSHA) as any element, chemical

compound, or mixture of elements and/ or compounds.

D
Drilling crew: Personnel who operate the drilling rig. The crew typically consists of
roustabouts, roughnecks, floor hands, lead tong operators, motormen, derrickmen,
assistant drillers, and the driller. Since drilling rigs operate around the clock, there are
at least two crews (twelve hour work shifts called tours, more common when
operating offshore), or three crews (eight hour tours, more common onshore). In
addition, drilling contractors must be able to supply relief crews from time to time
when crew members are unavailable. Though less common now than in years past,
the drilling contractor may opt to hire only a driller, and the driller in turn is responsible
for hiring everyone reporting to him.

Drilling contractor: The drilling contractor usually charges a fixed daily rate for its
hardware (the rig) and software (the people), plus certain extraordinary expenses.
Under this arrangement, the cost of the well is largely a function of the time it takes
to drill and complete the well. The other primary contracting methods are footage
rates (where the contractor receives an agreed upon amount per foot of hole
drilled), or turnkey operations, where the contractor may assume substantial risk of
the operations and receives a lump sum payment upon supplying a well of a given
specification to the operator.

Drilling rig: The machine used to drill a wellbore. In onshore operations, the rig
includes virtually everything except living quarters. Major components of the rig
include the mud tanks, the mud pumps, the derrick or mast, the draw works, the
rotary table or topdrive, the drill string, the power generation equipment and
auxiliary equipment. Offshore, the rig includes the same components as onshore,
but not those of the vessel or drilling platform itself. The rig is sometimes referred to
as the drilling package, particularly offshore.

Drill string: the column, or string, of drill pipe with attached tool joints that transmits
fluid an rotational power from the Kelly to the drill collars and the bit. Often,
 UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA DEL GOLFO DE MXICO
especially in the oil patch, the term is loosely applied to include both drill pipe and
drill collars.

M
MUD: A term that is generally synonymous with drilling fluid and that encompasses
most fluids used in hydrocarbon drilling operations, especially fluids that contain
significant amounts of suspended solids, emulsified water or oil. Mud includes all
types of water-base, oil-base and synthetic-base drilling fluids. Drill-in, completion
and workover fluids are sometimes called muds, although a fluid that is essentially
free of solids is not strictly considered mud.

R
Rock properties: The physical characteristics of reservoir rocks that enable them to
store fluids and to allow fluids to flow through them. The main properties of interest
are rock porosities and permeabilities.

ROP: Abbreviation for rate of penetration. The speed at which the drill bit can break
the rock under it and thus deepen the wellbore. This speed is usually reported in units
of feet per hour or meters per hour.

S
Sandstone: A common sedimentary rock consisting of sand, usually quartz,
cemented together by various subs tances, as silica, calcium carbonate, iron oxide,
or clay.

Shale: A fine-grained, fissile, detrital sedimentary rock formed by consolidation of

clay- and silt-sized particles into thin, relatively impermeable layers. It is the most
abundant sedimentary rock. Shale can include relatively large amounts of organic
material compared with other rock types and thus has potential to become a rich
hydrocarbon source rock, even though a typical shale contains just 1% organic
matter.

Siltstone: A very fine-grained sandstone, mainly consolidated silt.

Spud: To start the well drilling process by removing rock, dirt and
other sedimentary material with the drill bit.
 UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA DEL GOLFO DE MXICO
Stratigraphy: The study of the history, composition, relative ages and distribution
of strata, and the interpretation of strata to elucidate Earth history. The comparison,
or correlation, of separated strata can include study of their lithology, fossil content,
and relative or absolute age, or lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy,
and chronostratigraphy.

T
Thickness: The thickness of a layer or stratum of sedimentary rock measured
perpendicular to its lateral extent, presuming deposition on a horizontal surface.
Because sediment deposition can occur on inclined surfaces, apparent or
measured bed thickness might differ from true bed thickness. The thickness of a
given bed often varies along its extent.

Turnkey: A type of financing arrangement for the drilling of a wellbore that places
considerable risk and potential reward on the drilling contractor. Under such an
arrangement, the drilling contractor assumes full responsibility for the well to some
predetermined milestone such as the successful running of logs at the end of the
well, the successful cementing of casing in the well or even the completion of the
well. Until this milestone is reached, the operator owes nothing to the contractor.

W
Wellbore: The drilled hole or borehole, including the openhole or uncased portion
of the well. Borehole may refer to the inside diameter of the wellbore wall, the rock
face that bounds the drilled hole.