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The New International Workshop Agreement (IWA -

2014) Standard Introduced & Explained

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 1.1: Regional Impact Test
T Standards:
CWA 16221

ASTM
(Previously DOS)

PAS 68 & 69 Standard Region of Origin Year of Origin

ASTM USA 2007
CWA 16221 Europe 2007
PAS 68 & 69 UK 2005

1.2: Overview of the different impact test standards:

PAS 68 & 69

The PAS 68 & 69 standard was originally drawn up in 2005, the first UK impact test standard. The
output from the standard is an impact classification describing the test type, impact test mass,
vehicle type, impact angle, vehicle penetration
penetration distance and debris spread. This classification code is
very descriptive and aimed to explain exactly how a vehicle barrier/bollard would behave under
attack.

Example:

Auto Bollard V//7500(N2)/64/90:0.53/6.10

6.10
Dispersion Distance of
Product Type Test Speed (kph) Penetration (m)
Major Debris
Test Method V (vehicle) Vehicle Mass
(Kg and type) Impact angle ()

PAS 68 refers directly to the impact test itself and PAS 69 concentrates on the installation of high
security equipment and the considerations which need to reviewed before selecting
selecting a product to
protect critical national infrastructure.

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 ASTM

Originating in 2007, the American ASTM standard superseded the previous DOS standard. The scope
within this standard changed at it was widely recognised that the original DOS standard needed
further development to encompass further information regarding penetration levels and vehicle
types.

The original DOS certification provided no more information than a tested product had either passed
or failed an impact test which then was further elaborated to L1-L3 which alluded to penetration
levels achieved. The new ASTM derivative provided even more detail and accredited a product with
a P classification and vehicle differential which equated to the below:

Designation Dynamic Penetration

P1 Less than 3.3ft
P2 3.3ft to 23 ft
P3 23ft to 98ft
P4 98ft or greater

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 CWA 16221
A European impact test certification originating in 2010 which amalgamates both the PAS 68 & PAS
69 standard.

This standard provides guidance on test methods for determining the vehicle security barrier
performance classification and also includes a series of informative annexes that advise on
appropriate product selection, installation and use.

The standard was written to address the needs of organisations who wanted to have assurance that
vehicle security barriers will provide the level of impact resistance sought.
Not only did the standard aim to identify impact test methods, test vehicle type and performance
criteria; CWA 16221 also provided guidance on the selection, installation and use of vehicle security
barriers to ensure that products are selected and installed as effectively as possible. This CWA was
intended to be used by designers, planners, architects, security managers and facilities managers
within the public and private sectors.

2.1: The New International Workshop Agreement Introduced &

Explained:

The new impact test standard is the International Workshop Agreement 2014 (IWA). This standard
aims to unify both American (ASTM) and UK (PAS 68 & 69) impact test standards. Utilising the PAS 68
test criteria, one of the fundamental changes to previous specifications is the new reference point
for penetration.

Point 2 on the above diagram demonstrates the new

reference point.

IWA 14 KEY:
1. Barrier/Bollard
2. Barrier/Bollard Datum Line
3. Vehicle Datum Point
4. Vehicle Penetration Distance
5. Major Debris
6. Major Debris Distance

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 PAS 68 KEY:
1. Barrier/Bollard
2. Rear Face of Barrier/Bollard
System, Datum Line
3. Vehicle intersection of base of
windscreen and A
pillar/leading edge of vehicle
load platform.
4. Vehicle Penetration Distance
5. Major Debris
6. Major Debris Distance

The IWA 14 standard measures impact penetration from the front of the barrier/bollard (the impact
face) and PAS 68 measures penetration from the rear of the barrier/bollard. Some implications when
considering this change:

Measuring impact in this way will make the penetration comparisons between road blockers (flat
and wide structures) and bollards (tall and thin structures) more accurate.

The standard aims to unify existing certifications, taking into consideration a wide range of
international test vehicles. This will remove the ASTM Vs. PAS 68 argument, internationalising the
impact test standard. See the new standard classification in the below table:

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2.2: Other Points to Note When Reviewing the IWA 14 Standard

No development test method or engineered solution is currently allowed under the new standard.
This means that any slight product variations will still have to be accredited under the previous PAS
68 standard.

No guidance documents are supplied with the standard as with previous certifications. The IWA 14
purely concentrates on the impact test and not the surrounding site environment or site assessment
criteria needed for Counter Terrorism Measure (see below items covered in the UK PAS 69):

This new standard will not grandfather previous product tests and will not negate the ASTM, CWA
or PAS 68 & 69 standard. It purely aims to internationalise and amalgamate previous standards to
produce a test specification which can be recognised and advertised internationally as the future of
HVM certification.

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