Aquaculture Consultants

Freshwater, Brackishwater & Marine Farming

Khalid A. Memon
CEO, Aquaculture Technologies
www.aquatechpk.com
 Sustainable Marine & Brackishwater
Aquaculture
Shrimp & Finfish Farming

Costal Shrimp Culture

Coastal Land Based & Cage Finfish Culture
Inland Low Salinity Shrimp & Finfish Culture
 Marine Shrimp & Finfish Farming
Conventional Marine Shrimp Culture
 Marine Shrimp & Finfish Farming
Marine Finfish Cage Culture
 Old Ideas
Proven Developments in Aquaculture

Biofloc Technology in Shrimp Culture

Open Lined / Cemented Ponds
Indoor Tanks / Covered Ponds

Inland Low Salinity Groundwater Aquaculture

Open Ponds
Indoor Tanks
 Cultured & Experimental Species

Pacific White Shrimp - Litopenaeus vannamei

Gilthead sea bream - Sparus aurata
Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus)
Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)
Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Black Tiger Shrimp and Banana (monodon & merguiensis)
 Biofloc Technology Simplified
Conventional Intensified Culture Systems:
Intensive farming requires more supplementary protein feed
resulting in environmental pollution
This pollution is caused by dead algae, excessive uneaten feeds, fish
and shrimp excreta and other organic matter
Deteriorates water quality
Increases risk of disease outbreaks
Contributes to nitrogen pollution in the culture system released in
the form of ammonia and nitrite
Ammonia and nitrite are toxic to cultured animals
High levels of ammonia effect growth and moulting in shellfish
High oxygen consumption results in fish shrimp mortalities
Intensive farming requires frequent water exchanges
 Biofloc Technology Simplified
Biofloc Technology Systems (BFT):
BFT helps in solving culture water and feed problems.
When carbon is added, nitrogen compounds combine with it to
produce flocs of protein molecules.
These molecules form a floating mass called bioflocs which are
dominated by bacteria.
The production of microbial biomass, are used by the culture
species as additional high protein source.
The bacteria take up ammonium from the water to produce
microbial protein.
BFT removes ammonia-nitrogen from the water.
BFT creates additional feed for the shrimp thus reducing feed
inputs but increasing production due to higher rate of stocking.
 Biofloc Technology Basics

1. SPF Post larvae

2. HDPE lined ponds
3. Sludge removal (requires less water)
4. Control inlet & discharge gates (no leakages)
5. Clean pond & equipment
6. Screen & treat water
7. Correct aeration system & Paddle wheel position in ponds
8. High aeration 28 to 32 HP/ha PWAs
9. Grain (pellet)
10. Molasses
11. Crab Fence & Bird scare lines
12. Control workers , visitors & their movement
 Benefits of Biofloc Culture System

Limited or zero water exchange

Higher bio-security
Environmentally friendly system
Reduction of nutrient rich effluent discharge
Protein reuse (Higher efficiency up to 45%)
Cost-effective ( Grain based pellet feeds)
Full control of toxic nitrogen compound such as ammonia
and nitrites
High Production 6 12 MT /acre/crop
Thai Tilapia BFT
 Inland Low Salinity Groundwater Aquaculture

Advantages of inland saline aquaculture include:

Use of unproductive land without sweet water source
Use of high volume unexploited saline groundwater that
is presently considered a waste stream
Potential for commercial production of a highly
marketable product
Faster fish growth due to constant elevated water
temperatures
Improved feed management and food conversion
efficiencies
Biosecure water supply and ability to manage
environmental impacts (such as water and nutrients)
Desert Shrimp Farm Arizona USA
 L. vannamei Shrimp Culture Probability at HUB Baluchistan

COMPARISON OF WATER CHEMISTRY FROM ARIZONA SHRIMP FARM VS. HUB AREA
COMPONENT SEA WATER DILUTE SEA Arizona Shrimp HUB AREA
(mg/l) (www.) WATER (Calc.) Co. (Lab & Boyd) Baluchistan
Salinity (ppt) 35.0 4.5 7.4 6.9
pH 8.2 ND 7.6 8.0
Alkalinity 125.0 ND 220.0 152.0
Cl (Chloride) 19,400.0 2,494.3 3,223.0 2,836.8
Na (Sodium) 10,500.0 1,350.0 2,595.0 1,561.7
SO4 (Sulphate) 2,740.0 352.3 2,313.0 1,485.1
Mg (Magnesium) 1,272.0 163.5 222.0 291.8
Ca (Calcium) 400.0 51.4 497.0 440
K (Potassium) 380.0 48.9 15.2 3.1

K/Cl Factor 0.0196 0.0196 0.0047 0.001

For K/Cl Factor of 0.0100,
K should be
NA NA 32.2 28.4
Grams of KCl to be added
per 1,000 liters of new None None 34.1 50.8
water
 Limitations Overcome
1. Feed:
Feed cost constitutes about 50-60% of the total farm cost.
Availability of locally produced feed can be overcome by producing
floating and sinking feeds on site. Several low cost options are
now available. Extruder equipment costing hundred thousand
dollars a few years ago, is now available at a fraction of the cost.
 Limitations Overcome

2. Seed: Farms around the world are switching over to culturing

the Pacific White Shrimp L vannamei and trials conducted in
Sindh have been successful and acceptable by local processors.

Slow growth syndrome emerging problem in Penaeus monodon

Availability of vannamei shrimp Specific Pathogen Free SPF & CPF

High tolerance to salinity levels 1 40 ppt
Stocking rates of up to 150 m
Grows as fast as tiger shrimp
Vannamei is easier to breed and has excellent qualities
Better survival rates as against monodon and indicus
Market acceptability is very good.
 Limitations Overcome

P. Monodon vs. L. vannamei

 Limitations

3. Government Assistance
Governmental and fisheries agencies to allocate suitable
land for shrimp farming.
Fisheries Department to provide shrimp seed including
vannamei
Governmental and fisheries agencies should offer incentives
to farmers and potential investors
Lease of land at reasonable rates under a Land Grant Policy
Soft Loans, income and profit tax rebates
Assistance with collective infrastructure such as roads,
electricity, water channels, bunds and drainage.
THANK YOU

Khalid A. Memon
CEO, Aquaculture Technologies
www.aquatechpk.com