Solutions to Kinematics

Level 1 Questions

1. Area under the graph from t=1s to t=6s will be the

amount of displacement made in that period.
Area = 1 + (-4) = - 3.0 m
st=1 + area = st=6
st=6 = 2.0 + (-3.0) = - 1.0 m
Answer: [D]

2. An easy way to handle such questions is to sketch

a v-t graph. v

15
Distance = area under graph
= (15 x 0.1) + (1/2 x 1.2 x 15)
= 10.5 m
Answer: [B] l l
0.1 1.3 t

3. Velocity and acceleration of a moving object do not need to be in same direction. Plenty of
examples, such as ball thrown upwards and circular motion.
Answer: [C]
-2
4. A: False. If air resistance is not negligible, then the acceleration will not be constant (9.81 m s )
and hence the gradient wouldnt be constant in between collisions too.
B: False. If collision is elastic, then the ball will regain back the same speed after collision in the
opposite direction (elastic no loss in KE). But as shown by the graph, the speeds after
collisions are smaller than before.
C: False. The vertical parts represent the instance of collision. Clearly intervals between
collisions are not constant.
D: True. Has to be.
Answer: [D]

5. Done many times before. [D]

6. Drag force in fluid depends on relative speed of motion. As the ball accelerates and picks up
speed, it experiences a growing drag force, which serves to reduce the balls acceleration. The
object will tends towards a terminal velocity such that the net force on the ball tends to zero and
stop accelerating.
Answer: [D]

7. When the sky-diver attains terminal velocity, net force on him is zero weight = air resistance.
So air resistance = 80 x 10 = 800 N. The other data given are distractors to confuse you.
Answer: [D]
o -1
8. y-component of initial speed = 51.2 x sin 44.5 = 35.9 m s
-1
After 1.5 s, vy = uy + a t = 35.9 + (9.81)(1.5) = 21.2 m s
Since the velocity is positive, this means the projectile is still moving upwards and is before A.
Answer: [A]

9. The package has the same horizontal speed as the plane. In the time taken for package to hit the
ground t, the package would have travelled 150t horizontally, and so has the plane. So the plane
will be just above the landing point of the package. Hence 200 m.
Answer: [D]
10. In throwing the ball straight up, the ball would already have possessed the same horizontal speed
as the throwers running speed. So in the time taken for the ball to return back to the same height,
both the thrower and the ball would have travelled through the same distance if the thrower
continues running at the same speed.
Answer: [C]

11. Since the dots are made at the same time intervals, so the distance between dots is
representative of the speed of the cart.
Distance between dots
Speeding up at higher a 1 2 3 3 3 3 3.5 4 4.5

Constant v
Speeding up, lower a

Answer: [A]

12. A: False at time tB the gradients are different, so velocities will be different.
B: False train A travels at constant velocity.
C: True at some time before tB, there is indeed some point in time that the gradient of graph
B is the same as graph A.
D: False train A travels at constant velocity and hence zero acceleration. However B has a
varying velocity. Their accelerations cannot be the same.
Answer: [C]

13. From t=0 till instance Q, object is accelerating in positive direction. Its velocity will keep increasing
till Q. After which, acceleration is negative, so it means the object is decelerating. Hence greatest
speed exists at instance Q.
Answer: [B]

14.

Air resistance, R R R
R R R
a R
>>

>>

>>
>>

a a a=0
>>

a=0 a a
Weight, W W W W
W W W

As parachuter falls, his velocity increases and leads to Chute opens, R As parachuter decelerates, R
R becoming larger. As R approaches W, acceleration increases greatly, becomes smaller and eventually
approaches zero. now net force approaches W. Reached a new
points upwards. terminal velocity.
Answer: [B]
(Option C is actually the velocity time graph. Can you figure out how it is obtained?)

R
15. At top of flight, direction of velocity is horizontal and pointing to the right. So air
resistance acts on the ball to the left, horizontally. So resultant force is as shown.
Answer: [C] W

16. Since both objects have the same time of flight and travel the same horizontal distance, they
o
must have the same horizontal speed vA = vB cos 45 vB > vA
Answer: [C]

17. (a) The velocity of the car increases at a constant rate with time.
(b) The acceleration of the body is constant.
(c)(i) ( ) ( )
( )
 lorry lorry

car car

( )

(ii)
/

car

lorry

18. (a) It helps us define the starting point for measuring any quantity.
OR
To give a precise location or positioning of any moving object.
(b) (i) Average velocity is the change in displacement divided by the time interval
OR
Change of displacement over the time interval
(ii) Since Jack and Jill started and ended off at the same point, their change in
displacement is the same.
As they also took the same time interval, their average velocities are the
same too.
(iii)

(c) Deceleration is the slowing down of speed while negative acceleration simply means the
acceleration is in the negative direction with no indication if it is speeding up or slowing
down, e.g. it would be slowing down if velocity is positive (i.e. opp dire to acc) and
speeding up if velocity is also negative (i.e. in the same direction as acc).
19. (c)(i) Taking downward as positive,
; ;

( )( )

( ) ( )

-1 o
Therefore, speed = 310 ms & direction = 3.00 south of west.

(ii)

With the effect of air resistance, there will be opposing force acting on the object that is
against its motion.

It decelerates horizontally. As the horizontal velocity decreases, this opposing force

will also decrease and hence the deceleration, which is the magnitude of the gradient of
the graph, decreases with time.

With the effect of air resistance, the vertical acceleration will decrease with
increasing velocity and hence the gradient decreases with time.

(iii) From the graph, to travel the same vertical distance, which is equal to the area under the
vertical velocity-t graph, it will take a longer time to reach the ground.

20. a)
Vx 15 cos 60 0 7.5 m s 1
V y 15 sin 60 0 9.81 t 13.0 9.81 t m s 1
Correct line for Vx [1] Straight line for Vy [1] Correct gradient for Vy [1] Correct y-intercept for Vy [1]

b) Graphical method:
Area of triangle = 13 1.325 / 2 [1]
= 8.61 m [1] (accept between 8.45 and 8.78)
Or by calculation:
v 2 u 2 2 9.81 s [1]
 (15 sin 60 0 ) 2
s 8.61 m
2 9.81
Maximum height = 10 + 8.61 = 18.6 m [1]

c) v 2 u 2 2as
v 2 132 2 (9.81) (10) [1]
v 19.1 m s-1 [1]

d) Shaded correctly [1]

velocity / m s-1
25

20

15

10
X
vx
5
time / s
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
-5 vy
-10

-15

-20

-25

e) Read correctly that time lapse is 3.273 s [1] (accept between 3.25 and 3.30)
Horizontal displacement = 3.273 7.5 = 24.5 m [1] (accept between 24.4 and 24.8 m)

f) Mark the intersection of the two lines. [1]

21.
(a) 7.00 15.00
Acceleration = 6.15 m s-2 [1]
1.80 0.50
-2
Deceleration = 6.15 m s (accept 6.25) [1]
(accept kinematic approach if used appropriately)

(b) d = Area enclosed by the 2 graphs = (15.00 7.00)(2.70 1.80) [1]

= 7.20 m [1]
(accept other methods and answer =7.15 m)

(c) Constant gradient straight lines from t = 0 to t = 0.50 s and t = 1.8 s to t =2.5 s. [1]
Correct curve between t = 0.50 s and t = 1.80 s, smooth graph without kinks [1]
Vertical axis labelled, graph cuts(0.50, 0.75), (1.80, 21.8) and (2.50, 26.7). [1]
Level 2
1. As the ball moves up, the GPE increases linearly with distance, so KE decreases linearly with
distance until a value of zero when the ball is at the highest point. As the ball continues to move down
(distance increase beyond h), the ball loses GPE and gains KE. So the graph will shoot back up again.
Answer: [C]

2. There must be only one value of x for each instance t.

Answer: [C]

3. Let time taken for first ball to hit ground be t.

( )
( )
2 2
Hence, height = g t = 0.5(10)(2 ) = 20 m
Answer: [B]

KE at top = m (u sin)
2 2
4. Initial KE = m u (note the trick in the question regarding )
So KEtop / KEinitial = sin
2

Answer: [D]

5.
( )
( ) ( )
Answer: [C]

6. (a)

( ) ( )

( ) ( )( )
( )

(NA)
(b) Range of projectile,
( )( )

Distance travelled by ship in 3.205 s

D = 24.04 + 1.442 = 25.5 m

7. (a) v R v x 2 v y 2 10.0 2 3.0 2

10.4 m s 1
(b) Taking downwards as positive,
1
S y1 10.0(4.0) (9.81)(4.0) 2 after 4.0 s
2
initially Sy2

Sy1
 38.48m
Sy2 = 10.0(4.0) = 40.0 m
Distance = 40.0 + 38.48 =78.5 m

(c) vy / m s-1
1st sandbag
39.1

19.4
t/ s

2.0 5.0
10.0
2nd sandbag

(d) Distance apart between the 2 sandbags = area enclosed by the 2 graphs from 0 to 5 s
= [ (49.05 x 5.0)] [ (29.43 x 3.0) ]
= 78.5 m