Finscope Tanzania Survey On Banking Industry 2006

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry
1. Registration of Participants
2. Introduction to FinScope, Annette Altvater, TD of
FSDT
3. Workshop: Findings and Discussion
Bob Currin FSDT consultants
Oswald Mashindano - ESRF
4. Moving forward, Annette Altvater, FinScope

Coordinator

Annette Altvater
Technical Director
FSDT

First national consumer perception
survey:
Individuals views of total money management
Formal and informal services
Attitudes and behaviours
Credible, robust, scientific approach
Comprehensive market landscape rich
to poor for total market understanding
Proven multi-nation study within Africa
Support for Government development
initiatives
Insights for commercial service providers
(including MFPs), NGOs and
development agencies to innovate
services and products
Allows planning and interventions focused
on specific market strata and segments

Methodology Qualitative research
Quantitative research
Sampling National Master Sample Plan national
estimates
Listing & selection of respondents done by NBS
16+
Sample achieved 4,962
Results weighted to projected population
Reporting domain Urban/rural and gender
Confidence level 95%
Field dates August September 2006

Share findings facilitate learning
Engage debate
Catalyse change and innovation
Support effective market development
Galvanise market structures

Why FinScope ?
Stratified market intervention
STATE
MARKET PROVISION
PROVISION
SAVINGS Social Grants
CREDIT Tax Relief
TRANSACTION BANKING Subsidies
ENTERPRISE FINANCE Development assistance
HOUSING FINANCE
INSURANCE

Collected interest areas and queries via
registration forms and meetings
Analysis of data by FSDT, consultants
and ESRF
Creation of a lens for quick referencing
Creation of appropriate context for the
information
Specific market dynamics reviewed
Population Profile:
Population characteristics
Geographical concentrations of people & issues
Gender issues
Perceptions
Infrastructure and amenities
Rural/Urban perspectives:
Semi-formal and informal categories explained
Rural population needs & services to reach them
Demand and use of credit facilities in rural areas

contd.
Product & Services
In-kind savings and in-kind loans
Co-operatives market SACCOs
Micro-finance
Savings, borrowing
Access:
Barriers to access physical, non-physical & socio-economic
Access costs & perceptions
General Money Matters
Financial literacy and impact on uptake
Policy and legal impacts

Poverty Lens
Access Strand and frontiers
Population profiles & perceptions

Total adult population 16 years & older = 21
million people
57% of adult population under 34 years of
age
The urban/rural split of this population group
is 28% and 72%
There are more women than men in both
urban and rural areas

72%
52%
48%
28% 29%
22%
19%
13%
11%
6%
Urban Rural Male Female 16-17 Years 18-24 Years 25-34 Years 35-44 Years 45-54 Years 55+ Years

Employed in the formal sector 4%
Employed to do other people's domestic chores 4%
Employed in the informal sector 5%
Agricultural trading-buying and selling produce 6%
Employed on other people's farm on a seasonal basis 8%
Sell output from my cattle/livestock 9%
Sell my livestock 11%
Sell own produce from my farm, cash crop 12%
Money from family/friends / spouse 28%
Running your own business 35%
Sell own produce from my farm, food crops 36%

Total adult population



Insuring/covering your assets 79%
How to manage your money effectively 80%
Understanding banks, M FIs or Saccos charges/fees 81%
Insuring/covering your life 81%
How to open an account in a bank 82%

Understand the services/products provided by financial service
providers
82%
How much of a loan you can afford to apply for 83%
How to save more money 84%
How interest rates work/calculated 84%

NGO Office 14%
Formal Bank 20%
Post Office 25%
Secondary School 43%
Police Station 43%
Produce Market/ Food

62%
Market
Primary School 95%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Education
Fuel for cooking
Drinking water
Toilet type
Material for house construction
EQLI

Access Strand - Service provider
market composition
Formally served Formal institutions
Semi-formal SACCOs and MFIs
Informal associations or groups
Financially excluded

Access to financial services by
categories
Formal - 9% Semi-Formal - 2% Informal - 35% Excluded - 54%
1 9% 2% 35% 54%

segmented categories
Formal - BI - 9% Formal Other - 1% Semi-Formal (SACCO) - 2%

Semi-Formal (MFI) - 1% Informal - 35% Excluded (Non monetary) - 20%
Excluded (Totally Unserved) - 34%
1% 1%
1 9% 35% 20% 34%
2%
Percentages rounded up

categories Urban/Rural
Formal - BI Formal Other Semi-Formal - SACCO Semi-Formal - MFI

Informal Excluded - Non monetary Excluded - Totally Unserved
2% 0%
Rural 5% 36% 24% 33%
0%
1% 2%
Urban 18% 32% 11% 34%
1%
Percentages are rounded up

categories - Gender
Formal - BI Formal Other Semi-Formal (SACCO) Semi-Formal (MFI)

Informal Excluded (Non monetary) Excluded (Totally Unserved)
1% 1%
Female 6% 38% 19% 35%

0%
2% 1%
Male 12% 31% 21% 32%

1%
Percentages rounded up

60%
51%
50%
40%
30% 28%
20% 17%
10%
2%
0%
Make Decisions Alone In Consultation-Partner In Consultation-Other Do Not Make These
Family Decisions

Male Female
60%
53%
50%
50%
40%
29% 28%
30%
20% 18%
16%
10%
2% 3%
0%
Family Decisions

Urban Rural
60%
52%
49%
50%
40%
30%
30% 28%
20% 18%
16%
10%
2% 2%
0%
Family Decisions

Formally Included Semi Formal Informally Included Excluded
In Consultation-Other
8% 2% 33% 58%
Family
In Consultation-Partner 12% 3% 39% 45%
Make Decisions Alone 7% 2% 34% 57%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Pension 1%
Domestic work 2%
Employed in Formal sector 3%
Do not receive income 4%
Sub-Letting land/house/Rooms 4%
Employed in Informal sector 6%
Money from Friends/Family 18%
Running own business 23%
Agriculture related 38%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

FI - Formally Included SI - Semi Formal II - Informally Included E - Excluded
Money from friends and family
Selling crops
Formal employment
Running own business
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

University
Post Secondary Training
Secondary
Post Primary Training
Primary
Pre-primary
No Formal Schooling
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

by financial service provider:
Banks
Saccos
MFIs

Percentage of Tanzanians obtaining
saving or loan from: Bank, SACCO or
MFI
60%
53%
50%
40%
30%
30%
20% 17%
10%
0%
Saving and Loan Bank Saving and Loan SACCO Saving and Loan MFI

People with a bank account who either save or
borrow from a SACCO or MFI
Saving Loan
25% 22%
20%
15%
15% 13%
10% 7%
5%
0%
SACCO MFI

Tanzanians with a bank account who are served
by informal service providers, MFIs and SACCOs
Total Urban Rural
60%
50%
48% 47% 49%
42%
40%
30% 26%
20% 15% 15% 17%

12%
10%
0%
Informal financial services SACCO borrowers and MFI borrowers and savers
% savers % %
Urban - rural split of clients of different
categories of financial service providers
Urban Rural
Informal financial services 30% 71%
MFI savers and borrowers 55% 45%
Banked 61% 39%
SACCO borrowers and savers 31% 69%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Currently Banked Previously Banked Never Banked
1,609,378
664,976
18,859,849

13%
55+ Years 26%
12%
11%
45-54 Years 17%
13%
19%
35-44 Years 12%
27%
29%
25-34 Years 28%
30%
23%
18-24 Years 15%
13%
6%
16-17 Years 2%
5%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

0%
University 1%
7%
0%
Post Secondary Training 8%
19%
8%
Secondary 25%
41%
2%
Post Primary Training 2%
6%
57%
Primary 54%
23%
14%
Pre-primary 4%
2%
15%
No Formal Schooling 4%
1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Urban Rural
80% 75%
70%
61%
60% 55%
50% 45%
39%
40%
30% 25%
20%
10%
0%

99%
Do not receive income 1%
0%
94%
Domestic work 3%
3%
73%
Sub-Letting land/house/Rooms 6%
21%
86%
Running own business 4%
10%
20%
Employed in Formal sector 7%
73%
87%
Employed in Informal sector 3%
10%
93%
Agriculture related 3%
4%
90%
Money from Friends/Family 3%
7%
45%
Pension 28%
27%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

Income (groups) of people with a bank account
TSH 1 to 5,000, 1%
TSH 5001 to 20,000, 6%
TSHS 200 001+ P/M, 10%
TSH 20,001 to 50,000,

13%
TSH 100,001 to 200 000

TSH 50,001 to 100,000,
P/M, 19%
27%

8%
7%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2% 2%
2%
1% 1%
1%
0%
0%
ATM Card Debit Card Postbank Current Account Savings Fixed Deposit
Account Account

60%
52%
50%
40%
30%
20% 17%
13%
9%
10%
5% 4%
0%
Savings ATM Card Postbank Debit Card Current Fixed Deposit
Account Account Account

In The Branch Through Cellphone Banking Through An ATM Via The Internet No answer
Means Of Drawing A Cheque 88% 0%

5%1%6%
Means Of Paying Acc To Third Party 83% 3% 8% 2%4%
Means Of Transfering Money Between Banks 87% 0%

5% 6%1%
Means Of Buying Bankers Cheques 81% 1%5%0% 12%
Means Of Doing Cheque Deposits 89% 0%

4%0%6%
Means Of Doing Cash Deposits 96% 0%

3%
0%
1%
Means Of Doing Cash Witdrawals 76% 0% 22% 0%

1%
Means Of Checking Acc Balance 80% 2% 16% 2%

1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Perceptions on Banking Operations
Would rather deal face to face w ith a person than w ith an

electronic device
Would rather deal w ith people you know than w ith FI
If you save and invest regularly, eventually the sm all
am ounts w ill m ount up
You trust your ow n experience/know ledge rather than
the advice of others
Taking loans should be avoided
Can easily live w ithout form al banking institutions
Shop around for best interest rates
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Agree Disagree DK

Banks force you to use the ATM
Upon receiving an account statement, you check the details
Prepared to learn how to use new technology eg ATM
Don't trust informal associations
Would like to start your ow n business but can't get a loan
Most services offered re also available from Non-bank FI
Young people know more
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Agree Disagree DK

Financial Products Used

C
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
RD
B
Ta Ba
nz n k
a ni
17 May 2007
a
19%
Po
s ta
l B
an
k
17%
N
BC
A Li
ki
b m
a ite
C d
om
13%
m
er
ci
al
B
an
k
4%
Th St
e an
Pe bi
op c
le B
' s an
B k
an
2%
k
O
fZ
an
zi
ba
D r
B
2%
ar
E s
ar
c la
W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry Sa y s
la B
a m an
Co k
m
1%
m
un
it y
B
an
k
1%
Ex
im
Ba
n k
1%
Must Keep Min. Balance In Bank 4%
Prefer Alternative Fin.Services 4%
Banks Not For People Like Me 5%
Don't Need A Bank Account 5%
Don't Have A Referee 5%
Takes Too Long To Get Money 6%
No Documents To Open Acc. 6%
Don't Qualify To Open Account 9%
Prefer Dealing In Cash 11%
Have Too Little 16%
Expensive To Have Bank Account 16%
Bank Is Too Far From Home 19%
Bank Charges Are Too High 19%
Don't Know How To Open Account 20%
Do Not Have A Job 27%
Don't Have Money To Save 32%
Don't Have A Regular Income 60%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Banked Unbanked
40%
36%
35%
30%
27%
25%
21%
20%
17%
14%
15%
12%
11% 11%
10%
9%
10% 8% 8% 8%
7%
5%
0%
TSh 40 001-TSh TSh 50 001-TSh TSh 60 001-TSh TSh 70 001-TSh TSh 80 001-TSh TSh 90 001-TSh TSh 100 001-TSh
50 000 60 000 70 000 80 000 90 000 100 000 200 000

based on education

The concept lines of
saving/investing and insuring are
blurred

Tanzanians save to make provisions or insure
themselves in case of certain events
Social Reasons (Wedding) 8%
Education Of Self, Child and others 10%

To Leave Something For Child 11%
For Later In Life/Old Age 14%

Emergency (Burial Medical 28%
Meet HH Needs-Little/No Money 37%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

How Tanzanians who save keep their savings
Other 2%
With An ASCA 2%
With Group At Workplace 2%
Through Insurance Schemes 2%
Employer Savings Schemes 2%
Businessman For Safekeeping 3%
At Microfinance Institution 3%
Account At SACCO 6%
Complusory Savings Ex NSSF/ZSSF 6%
With A Merry -Go- Round 12%
Given To Family/Friend To Keep 15%
Keep In Secret Hiding Place 54%
Savings In Kind Eg. Livestock 68%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Forms of savings in-kind of people who save
RTA 4%
Clothing 9%
Agricultural Inputs - Eg. Seeds 13%
Household Items - Eg. Salt, Soap 16%
Means Of Transport -Eg. Bicycle 18%
Entertainment Items-Eg. Radio 22%
Food 23%
Agricultural Produce 27%
Livestock - Eg.Goats And Cows 41%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%

Benefits for keeping savings in-kind of
Tanzanians who save
Can Avoid Paying Tax
RTA 4%
Adds To Comfort Of Living 5%
Able To Pay For The Goods 7%
Makes It Easier To Do Business 13%
For Transportation Purposes 14%
Security 17%
Easier To Meet Your Obligation 18%
For News/Entertainment Purposes 19%
Can Exchange For Goods/Servicese 20%
Better Returns Than Investment 21%
To Keep Item&Sell At Later Date 31%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Access to financial services of people who save in-kind
1 9.6% 2.6% 47.7% 40.1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Demographics of people who save to insure
themselves for certain events
80%
73%
70%
60%
52%
48%
50%
40%
32%
30% 27%
22%
19%
20%
11% 11%
10% 5%
0%
Urban Rural Male Female 16-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55+
Years Years Years Years Years Years

Level of education of Tanzanians between 25-34
years who save to insure themselves for certain
events
RTA 2%
Post Primary Training 2%
Post Secondary Training 3%

Pre-primary 8%
Secondary 12%
No Formal Schooling 12%
Primary 60%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Reasons for never having saved or invested
No Relevant Documentation 1.60%

You Need A Referee 2%
Difficult To Use Or Access 2%
Too Young To Contract 2%
Time Consuming To Participate 2%
Cost Of Service/Getting There 2%
Can't Qualify 2%
Not Available In This Area 3%
Unaware Of Products 3%
Don't Understand How Serv. Work 4%
Facility Not Nearby 4%
Live For Today 5%
Needing Lump Sum To Start With 6%
Poor Or Low Returns 15%
Don't Have Start Up Money 20%
Having Money To Save 22%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Loan From Informal Lender 3%
Personal Loan From A Bank 4%
Business Loan 4%
Loan From Microfinance Instit. 6%
Loan From ASCA 6%
Loan From A SACCO 9%
Loans In Kind-Eg. Livestock 23%
Credit From A Kiosk 33%
Loan From Family/Friend 38%

Sources of borrowing split by
urban/rural
Urban Rural
39%
35%
27%
13% 13%
11%
8% 8%
7%
3% 3% 2%
Loan From Loans In Kind-Eg. Loan From A SACCO Loan From Business Loan Personal Loan From A
Family/Friend Livestock Microfinance Instit. Bank

Reason for borrowing money
Purchase Of Land % 2%
Social Reasons % 2%
Pay Off Debts % 3%
Purchasing Means Of Transport % 3%
Increase Your Bank Balance % 3%
Expanding Business % 4%
Purchase Of Livestock % 4%
Emergency % 4%
Farming Activities % 6%
Building Or Improving A House % 9%
Meeting Day To Day Expenses % 10%
Setting Up A Business % 10%
Educate-Self, child, sibling, other 11%
Acquiring Household Goods % 12%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14%

Reason for never having applied for a loan
Spouse/Partner Won't Allow It 3%

Too Young To Qualify 4%
Don't Have Identification 4%
Don't Have A Guarantor/Referee 8%
Don't Believe Paying Interest 9%
Don't Have Any Collateral 12%
No Place Nearby To Go Get Loan 15%
They Charge Too Much 16%
Don't Know Where To Get Loan 22%
Fear Not Enough Money To Repay 29%
Never Needed It 31%
Don't Have Enough Money 32%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Saving in Kind Loans in Kind Remittances in Kind
84%
80%
70%
30%
20% 16%
Urban Rural

24%
16%
14% 13%
10% 9% 8%
5%
Livestock - Agricultural Food Entertainment Means Of Household Agricultural Clothing

Eg.Goats And Produce Items-Eg. Transport -Eg. Items - Eg. Salt Inputs - Eg.
Cows Radio Bicycle Seeds

Urban Rural
19%
11% 11%
6%
4%
2%
using an financial institution using a courier company Through a personal contact

Have Own Cell Phone-Contract 6%
No C/Phone, don't use others 22%
Have own cell Phone-Prepaid 25%
No C/Phone, use someone else's 29%
Access 2 Mobile S/Prov. Payph. 41%

Area based sampling
Allows modelling and mapping of data
Overlay supply-side data with demand
data
Determine market gaps
Better utilisation of resources

All

Summary on Challenges of Financial Markets
By
Oswald Mashindano
Economic & Social Research Foundation (ESRF)

Impediments to Financial
Markets
Low levels of financial literacy
Poverty as a barrier
Rural dwellers are generally poorer than their
urban counterparts
Poorly developed infrastructure

Roads, communications, electricity,
transportation etc
A combination of these factors leads to
Lower participation and poor financial accessibility
Increased transaction costs per monetary unit of financial

intermediation;
Increased risks for any financial institution attempting to serve

rural clients;
Formal financial institutions largely avoiding serving rural areas;
Financial services available are provided by informal agents or

mechanisms which offer a narrow range of financial services to
limited customers.
1. Summing up
2. Dissemination strategy
Annette Altvater
FinScope Coordinator
FSDT

??

The FinScope dataset:
contains the universe of information
To be used by institutions and individuals able
to analyse market research information
FinScope key findings:

analysis which makes sense of the data
Users need information tailored to their
specific interests or market challenges

Key findings:
initial analysis presented at the FinScope Tanzania launch -

April 2007
Currently: research institutions and consultants mine the

dataset, present more analyses and workshop the application
of these analyses
Materials are published on the FSDT dgroup website launch

brochure, analyses and presentations.

Intermediate dissemination
between April and June 2007
In-depth analysis and workshops.

The FSDT will:
host workshops for some market segments
facilitate local market research capacity
develop the means, (possibly including

subsidies), to assist users to buy or use
analytical services to apply the findings

Date Market segment Subject of analysis Institutions
invited
3 May 2007 Donors and Support and promotion of pro Donor agencies
development partners poor financial services
4 May 2007 Government Policy and regulatory issues Government agencies
16 May 2007 Insurance industry Client profiles and preferences, Insurance companies
useful information for financial and Insurance
sector deepening authorities
17 May 2007 Banking industry Client profiles and preferences, Commercial Banks
useful information for financial and Community
sector deepening Banks, TIOB

Date Market segment Subject of analysis Institutions invited
6 June 2007 Cooperative Client profiles and preferences, Savings- and Credit
movement useful information for financial Co-operative Societies
sector deepening
7 June 2007 Microfinance Client profiles and preferences, MicroFinance

useful information for financial Institutions
sector deepening
27 June 2007 Research FinScope data and the potential of Market research
FinScope market research service providers
services
28 June 2007 Mobile telephone Usage of mobile telephone Mobile telephone
industry services and the potential of service providers and
mobile payment systems regulators

from June until the next FinScope survey in
2008
Demand-driven, tailored market research:
Market research institutions to offer services to users
Feedback from users of information for the next

FinScope survey
The next FinScope survey may reflect any market

innovation implemented in the meantime

Register for the workshops with the FSDT
Submit questions or issues for mining to:
1. the FSDT dgroup website
(http://dgroups.org/groups/FSDT-Tanzania) or
2. Juliana, FSDT Office Manager, (juliana@fsdt.or.tz)
or 022 212 9060-63

Thank you for participating today!

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Finscope Tanzania Survey On Banking Industry 2006

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17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

4. Moving forward, Annette Altvater, FinScope

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

Reporting domain Urban/rural and gender

Confidence level 95%

Field dates August September 2006

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

CREDIT Tax Relief

TRANSACTION BANKING Subsidies

ENTERPRISE FINANCE Development assistance

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

Infrastructure and amenities

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

Employed to do other people's domestic chores 4%

Employed in the informal sector 5%

Agricultural trading-buying and selling produce 6%

Employed on other people's farm on a seasonal basis 8%

Sell output from my cattle/livestock 9%

Sell my livestock 11%

Sell own produce from my farm, cash crop 12%

Money from family/friends / spouse 28%

Running your own business 35%

Sell own produce from my farm, food crops 36%

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

How to manage your money effectively 80%

Understanding banks, M FIs or Saccos charges/fees 81%

Insuring/covering your life 81%

How to open an account in a bank 82%

How much of a loan you can afford to apply for 83%

How to save more money 84%

How interest rates work/calculated 84%

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

Formal Bank 20%

Post Office 25%

Secondary School 43%

Police Station 43%

Produce Market/ Food

Primary School 95%

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

Formally served Formal institutions

Semi-formal SACCOs and MFIs

Informal associations or groups

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

Formal - BI - 9% Formal Other - 1% Semi-Formal (SACCO) - 2%

1 9% 35% 20% 34%

17 May 2007 W ork shop f or Ban k I n du st ry

Formal - BI Formal Other Semi-Formal - SACCO Semi-Formal - MFI

Rural 5% 36% 24% 33%

Urban 18% 32% 11% 34%

Percentages are rounded up