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Solved Example
Ex.1 The molarity of 20% (W/W) solution of sulphuric acid is 2.55 M. The density of the solution is :
(Ans. A)
\M=
or d = = 1.249 1.25
Ex.2 The density of a solution containing 13% by mass of sulphuric acid is 1.09 g/mL. Calculate the molarity and normality of
the solution-
(A) 1.445 M (B) 14.45 M (C) 144.5 M (D) 0.1445 M
(Ans. A)
= mL = litre
= litre
Molarity =
= = 1.445 M
Molarity =
= = 55.5 M
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Ex.4 Calculate the quantity of sodium carbonate (anhydrous) required to prepare 250 ml of
0.1 M solution-
(A) 2.65 gram (B) 4.95 gram (C) 6.25 gram (D) None
(Ans. A)
where;
W = Mass of Na 2CO 3 in gram
Molarity =
Hence , = =
or W = = 2.65 gram
Ex.5 The freezing point of a 0.08 molal aqueous solution of NaHSO 4 is _ 0.372C. The dissociation constant for the reaction
HSO 4- H SO 42_ is
(A) 4 10 -2 (B) 8 10 -2 (C) 2 10 -2 (D) 1.86 10 -2
(Ans. A)
Sol. DT f = K f m
m=
HSO 4- H SO 42_
(0.08 _ x) x x
The net particle concentration
Ex.6 Find the molality of H 2SO 4 solution whose specific gravity is 1.98 g ml -1 and 95% by volume H 2SO 4
(A) 7.412 (B) 8.412 (C) 9.412 (D) 10.412
(Ans. C)
Molality = = 9.412
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Molality = = 9.412
Ex.7 Calculate molality of 1 litre solution of 93% H 2SO 4 by volume. The density of solution is 1.84 gm ml -1
(A) 9.42 (B) 10.42 (C) 11.42 (D) 12.42
(Ans. B)
Sol. Given H 2SO 4 is 93% by volume
wt. of H 2SO 4 = 93g
Molality =
= = 10.42
Ex.8 Suppose 5gm of CH 3COOH is dissolved in one litre of Ethanol. Assume no reaction between them. Calculate molality of
resulting solution if density of Ethanol is 0.789 gm/ml.
(A) 0.0856 (B) 0.0956 (C) 0.1056 (D) 0.1156
(Ans. C)
\ Molality of solution =
= = 0.1056
Ex.9 Calculate the molarity and normality of a solution containing 0.5 gm of NaOH dissolved in 500 ml. solution-
(A) 0.0025 M, 0.025 N (B) 0.025 M, 0.025 N
(Ans. B)
Calculation of molarity
= 1000
= 0.025 M
Calculation of normality
Since NaOH is monoacidic ;
= 1000 = 0.025
Ex.10 Calculate the molality and mole fraction of the solute in aqueous solution containing 3.0 gm of urea per 250 gm of water
(Mol. wt. of urea = 60).
(A) 0.2 m, 0.00357 (B) 0.4 m, 0.00357 (C) 0.5 m, 0.00357 (D) 0.7m, 0.00357
(Ans. A)
In short,
Molality = No. of moles of solute/1000 g of solvent
= = = 0.00357
Ex.11 A solution has 25% of water, 25% ethanol and 50% acetic acid by mass. Calculate the mole fraction of each component.
(A) 0.50, 0.3, 0.19 (B) 0.19, 0.3, 0.50 (C) 0.3, 0.19, 0.50 (D) 0.50, 0.19, 0.3
(Ans. D)
= = 0.50
= = 0.19
= = 0.3
Ex.12 15 gram of methyl alcohol is dissolved in 35 gram of water. What is the mass percentage of methyl alcohol in solution ?
(Ans. A)
= 100
= 100 = 30%
Ex.13 Calculate the masses of cane sugar and water required to prepare 250 gram of 25% cane sugar solution-
(A) 187.5 gram, 62.5 gram (B) 62.5 gram, 187.5 gram
(C) 162.5 gram, 87.5 gram (D) None of these
(Ans. B)
We know that
So, 25 = 100
= 62.5 gram
Ex.14 Calculate normality of the mixture obtained by mixing 100ml of 0.1N HCl and 50ml of 0.25N NaOH solution.
(Ans. D)
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(Ans. D)
Ex.15 300 ml 0.1 M HCl and 200 ml of 0.03M H 2SO 4 are mixed. Calculate the normality of the resulting mixture-
(A) 0.084 N (B) 0.84 N (C) 2.04 N (D) 2.84 N
(Ans.A)
Sol. For HCl For H 2SO 4
V 1 = 300 ml V 2 = 200 ml
N 1 = M x Basicity N 2 = M x Basicity
= 0.1 x 1 = 0.1 = 0.03 2 = 0.06
N=
= = 0.084 N
Ex.16 In what ratio should a 6.5 N HNO 3 be diluted with water to get 3.5 N HNO 3 ?
(Ans. B)
Sol. N 1V 1 = N 2V 2
6.5 V 1 = 3.5 (V 1 x)
(A) 52g, 2.12g, 4.2g, 1.05g (B) 1.05g, 4.2g, 2.12g, 52g
(C) 1.05g, 2.12g, 52g, 4.2g (D) 4.2g, 2.12g, 1.05g, 52g
(Ans. B)
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= = 4.2 g
Na 2CO 3 =
= = 53
Ex.18 How many kilograms of wet NaOH containing 12% water are required to prepare 60 litres of 0.50 N solution ?
(A) 1.36 kg (B) 1.50 kg (C) 2.40 gm (D) 3.16 kg
(Ans. A)
Sol. One litre of 0.50 N NaOH contains = 0.50 40g = 20 g = 0.020 kg
\ 60 litres of 0.50 N NaOH contain
Ex. 19 Calculate the vapour pressure of a solution at 100 0C containing 3g of cane sugar in 33g of water. (At wt. C = 12 , H = 1 , O
= 16)
(Ans. B)
Sol. Vapour pressure of pure water (solvent) at 100 0C, p 0 = 760 mm.
Vapour pressure of solution, p = ?
Wt. of solvent , W = 33g
Wt. of solute , w = 3g
Mol. wt. of water (H 2O), M = 18
Mol. wt. of sugar (C 12H 22O 11),
m = 12 x 12 22 x 1 11 x 16 = 342
According to Raoult's law ,
=
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=
\ p = p0 _ p0
p = 760 _ 760
Ex.20 Osmotic pressure of a sugar solution at 24C is 2.5 atmospheres. Determine the concentration of the solution in gm mole
per litre.
(A) 0.0821 moles/litre (B) 1.082 moles/litre
(C) 0.1025 moles/litre (D) 0.0827moles/litre
(Ans. C)
or C = =
= 0.1025 moles/litre
Ex.21 Twenty grams of a substance were dissolved in 500 ml. of water and the osmotic pressure of the solution was found to be
600 mm of mercury at 15 0C. Determine the molecular weight of the substance-
(A) 1120 (B) 1198 (C) 1200 (D) None of these
= = 0.5 litre
p = 600 mm = atm ;
T = 15 273 = 288 0A
m=?
According to Van't Hoff equation ,
pV = nST pV = ST
\m= =
= 1198
Ex.22 Blood plasma has the following composition (milli-equivalents per litre). Calculate its osmotic pressure at 37 0C.
Na = 138 , Ca 2 = 5.2, K = 4.5, Mg 2 = 2.0 , Cl = 105, HCO 3 = 25, PO 43_ = 2.2 , SO 42_ = 0.5,
Proteins = 16, Others = 1.0
(A) 7.47 atm (B) 7.30 atm (C) 7.29 atm (D) 7.40 atm
(Ans. A)
Mg 2 = = 1.0 , Cl = 105 ,
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Mg = = 1.0 , Cl = 105 , Solved Examples - Solutions, Class 12, Chemistry | EduRev
others = 1.0
Ex.23 0.15g of a substance dissolved in 15g of solvent boiled at a temperature higher by 0.216 0C than that of the pure solvent.
Calculate the molecular weight of the substance. Molal elevation constant for the solvent is 2.16 0C.
(A) 216 (B) 100 (C) 178 (D) None of these
(Ans. B)
Sol. Here it is given that
w = 0.15 g, DT b = = 0.216 0C
W = 15g K b = 2.16 0C
m=?
m=
m= = 100
Ex.24 A solution of 0.450 gm of urea (mol. wt 60) in 22.5 g of water showed 0.170 0C of elevation in boiling point. Calculate the
molal elevation constant of water-
(A) 0.17C (B) 0.45C (C) 0.51C (D) 0.30C
(Ans. C)
Sol. Wt. of solute, w = 0.450 g
Kb =
= = 0.51 0C
Ex.25 Calculate the boiling point of a solution containing 0.45g of camphor (mol. wt. 152) dissolved in 35.4g of acetone (b.p.
56.3 0C); K b per 100 gm of acetone is 17.2 0C.
(A) 56.446C (B) 52.401C (C) 56.146C (D) 50.464C
(Note that this is expression when K b is given per 100g of the solvent)
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(Note that this is expression when K b is given per 100g of the solvent)
Substituting the values in the above expression.
DT b = = 0.146 0C
Ex.26 The freezing point of 0.2 molal K 2SO 4 is _1.1C. Calculate Van't Haff factor and percentage degree of dissociation of
K 2SO 4. K f for water is 1.86
(A) 97.5 (B) 90.75 (C) 105.5 (D) 85.75
(Ans. A)
Sol. DT f = freezing point of water _ freezing point of solution = 0 C _ (_1.1 C) = 1.1
We know that,
DT f = i K f m
1.1 = i 1.86 0.2
\i= = 2.95
But we know
i = 1 (n _ 1)a
2.95 = 1 (3 _ 1) a = 1 2a
a = 0.975
Van't Haff factor (i) = 2.95
Degree of dissociation = 0.975
Ex.27 The density of a 3M sodium thiosulphate solution (Na 2S 2O 3) is 1.25 g/mL. Calculate
(i) the percentage by mass of sodium thiosulphate, (ii) the mole fraction of sodium thiosulphate and (iii) molalities of Na and
S 2O 32_ ions -
= 100 = 37.92
Alternatively, M =
3=
x = 37.92
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Mole fraction of Na 2S 2O 3
= = = 0.065
Molality of Na ions
= 1000
= 7.73 m
No. of moles of S 2 ions = No. of moles of Na 2S 2O 3 = 3
Ex.28 A solution is perpared by dissolving 5.64 gm of glucose in 60g of water. Calculate the following.
(i) mass per cent of each of glucose and water,
(ii) molality of the solution,
= 5.64 60 = 65.64 g
= 8.59%
Mass per cent of water
= (100 _ Mass per cent of glucose)
Mass of water in kg =
Molality = = 0.522 m
= = 0.0093
= 0.9907
Ex.29 The volume of water which must be added to a mixture of 350 cm 3 of 6 M HCl and 650 ml of
3 M HCl to get a resulting solution of 3 M concentration is [Ans. D]
= = 4.05 M
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= = 4.05 M
= 1350 ml
Ex.30 The mole fraction of CH 3OH in an aqueous solution is 0.02 and its density is 0.994 g cm -3. Determine its molarity and
molality.
So, = 49 or =
Volume of solution =
= mL
= litre = litre
Molarity = 994
= = = 1.0875 M
Ex.31 Calculate the concentration of NaOH solution in g/mL which has the same normality as that of a solution of HCl of
concentration 0.04 g/mL. -
N NaOH N HCl
\ 1.095 =
w B = 0.0438 g/mL
= = 0.025
NaCl Na Cl
= 1.505 10 22
Ex.33 250 mL of a Na 2CO 3 solution contains 2.65 g of Na 2CO 3. 10 mL of this solution is added to x mL of water to obtain 0.001 M
Na 2CO 3 solution. The value of x is :
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M= = = 0.1
M 1V 1 = M 2V 2
x = 990 mL
Ex.34 The volumes of two HCl solutions A (0.5 N) and B (0.1 N) to be mixed for preparing 2 L of 0.2 N HCl are -
x = 0.5 L
Ex.35 Lowering of vapour pressure due to a solute in 1 molal aqueous solution at 100C is -
x A = 1 _ 0.0176 = 0.9824
p = p 0x A
= 760 0.9824 = 746.62
Dp = p 0 _ p = 760 _ 746.62
= 13.4
Ex.36 The mass of a non-volatile solute (molecular mass = 40) which should be dissolved in 114 g octane to reduce its vapour
pressure to 80% will be -
(A) 20 g (B) 30 g (C) 10 g (D) 40 g
80 = 100 x A
x A = 0.80
xA = =
0.8 =
1 =
w B = 10 g
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Ex.37 A solution of urea in water has boiling point of 100.15C. Calculate the freezing point of the same solution if K f and K b for
water are 1.87 K kg mol -1 and 0.52 K kg mol -1 respectively -
Molality = = = 0.2884
DT f = molality K f
Ex.38 Calculate the molal depression constant of a solvent which has freezing point 16.6C and latent heat of fusion 180.75 J g -1
-
Sol. K f =
L f = 180.75 J g -1
Substituting the values in the above equation,
Kf = = 3.86
Ex.39 The freezing point depression of 0.001 m K x[Fe(CN) 6 ] is 7.10 10 -3 K. Determine the value of x. Given, K f = 1.86 K kg mol -1
for water -
Sol. Dx = i K f m
a=
1=
x = 2.817 = 3
\ Molecular formula of the compound is
K 3 [Fe(CN) 6]
Ex.40 A certain substance `A' tetramerises in water to the extent of 80%. A solution of 2.5 g of A in 100 g of water lowers the
freezing point by 0.3C. The molar mass of A is -
(A) 122 (B) 31 (C) 244 (D) 62
Sol.(D) a =
0.8 = ; i = 0.4
DT = iK f m
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m B = 62
Ex.41 van't Hoff factor of Hg 2Cl 2 in its aqueous solution will be (Hg 2Cl 2 is 80% ionized in the solution) -
n=3
a=
0.8 =
i = 2.6
Ex.42 Calculate the amount of NaCl which must be added to 100 g water so that freezing point is depressed by 2K. For water, K f
= 1.86 K kg mol -1 -
NaCl Na Cl -1
(n = 2)
No. of particles after dissociation = 1 (n _ 1) a
= 1 (2 _ 1) 1 = 2
=
=2
or DT theo = 1
or w = =
= 3.145 g
Ex.43 The degree of dissociation of Ca(NO 3) 2 in a dilute solution containing 14 g of the salt per 200 g of water at 100C is 70%. If
the vapour pressure of water is 760 mm, calculate the vapour pressure of solution -
= = = 2.4
So, Dp obs. = 2.4 Dp theo. = 2.4 5.84
= 14.02 mm
p 0 _ p s = Dp obs. = 14.02
p s = p 0 _ 14.02 = 760 _ 14.02 = 745.98 mm
Ex.44 Calculate the normal boiling point of a sample of sea water found to contain 3.5% of NaCl and 0.13% of MgCl 2 by mass.
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Ex.44 Calculate the normal boiling point of a sample of sea water found to contain 3.5% of NaCl and 0.13% of MgCl 2 by mass.
The normal boiling point of water is 100C and K b (water) = 0.51 K kg mol -1. Assume that both the salts are completely ionised -
Ex.45 Sea water is 3.5% by mass of a salt and has a density 1.04 g cm -3 at 293 K. Assuming the salt to be sodium chloride,
calculate the osmotic pressure of sea water. Assume complete ionisation of the salt -
No. of moles =
Actual number of moles of particles of solute in solution.
Ex.46 Molality of a solution in aqueous medium is 0.8. Calculate its mole fraction and the percentage by mass of solute if molar
mass of solute is 60 -
x B = 0.014
Let w B = x g, w A = 100 g
m=
0.8 =
x = 4.8%
Ex.47 A very small amount of a non-volatile solute (that does not dissociate) is dissolved in 56.8 cm 3 of benzene (density 0.889
g cm -3). At room temperature, vapour pressure of this solution is 98.8 mm Hg while that of benzene is 100 mm Hg. Find the
molality of the solution. If the freezing temperature of this solution is 0.73 degree lower than that of benzene, what is the value
of molal freezing point depression constant of benzene ?
Sol. = XA
= XA
X = 0.012
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X A = 0.012
Molality = = = 0.1557
DT = K f Molality
0.73 = K f 0.1557
K f = 4.688
Ex.48 x g of a non-electrolytic compound (molar mass = 200) is dissolved in 1.0 litre of 0.05 M NaCl solution. The osmotic
pressure of this solution is found to be 4.92 atm at 27C. Calculate the value of `x'. Assume complete dissociation of NaCl and
ideal behaviour of this solution.
Sol.(C) (i) For NaCl : p = iCRT = 2 0.05 0.0821 300 = 2.463 atm
x = 19.959 g
Ex.49 The freezing point of a solution containing 50 cm 3 of ethylene glycol in 50 g of water is found to be _ 34C. Assuming
ideal behaviour, calculate the density of ethylene glycol (K f for water = 1.86 K kg mol -1) -
(A) 1.13 g/cm 3 (B) 2.00 g/cm 3 (C) 1.8 g/cm 3 (D) 2.25 g/cm 3
Sol. DT = K f
34 = 1.86
w = 56.66 g
V= ,50 =
d = 1.13 g/cm 3
Ex.50 Match the boiling point with K b for x, y and z if molecular weight of x, y and z are same.
b. pt K b
x 100 0.68
y 27 0.53
z 253 0.98
= Lv = )
Ex.51 1.22 g C 6H 5COOH is added into two solvents and data of DT b and K b are given as -
Find out the molecular weight of C 6H 5COOH in both cases and inerpret the result.
Sol. (a) DT = K b
0.17 = 1.7
m B = 122
(b) DT =
0.13 =
mB = 244
(Abnormally double molecular mass of benzoic acid, it shows association of benzoic acid in benzene).
Ex.52 How much C 2H 5OH should be added to 1 litre H 2O so that it will not freeze at _ 20C ?
K f = 1.86C/m
Q DT = K f
20 = 1.86
w B = 494.6 g
Ex.53 Calculate the molarity of each of the ions in solution when 3.0 litre of 4.0 M NaCl and 4.0 litre of 2.0 M CoCl 2 are mixed
and diluted to 10 litre -
Molarity Co 2 = 0.8 M
Molarity Cl - = 2.8 M
Ex.54 Calculate the molarity of each ion in solution after 2.0 litre of 3.0 M AgNO 3 is mixed with 3.0 litre of 1.0 M BaCl 2.
Sol.
BaCl 2 2AgNO 3 2AgCl Ba(NO 3) 2
Initial 3 6 _ _
mole
Final _ _ 6 (ppt) 3
mole
= = .
Ex.55 1.2 kg ethylene glycol was added in a car radiator containing 9 litre water. The freezing of water was just prevented
when car was running in the Himalayan valley at temperature _ 4C. Sudden thunderstorm in the valley lowered the temperature
to _6C. Calculate the amount of ice separated.
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to _6C. Calculate the amount of ice separated.
w B = 6000 g
Ex.56 The vapour pressure of a solvent decreased by 10 mm of mercury when a non-volatile solute was added to the solvent.
The mole fraction of the solute in the solution is 0.2. What should be the mole fraction of the solvent, if the decrease in the
vapour pressure is to be 20 mm of mercury -
Ex.57 Three solutions of HCl having normality 12 N, 6 N and 2 N are mixed to obtain a solutions of 4 N normality. Which among
the following volume ratio is correct for the above three components ?
(A) 1 : 1 : 5 (B) 1 : 2 : 6 (C) 2 : 1 : 9 (D) 1 : 2 : 4
12 1 6 2 2 6 = N R(9)
NR = 4
Ex.58 Two solutions of H 2SO 4 of molarities x and y are mixed in the ratio of V 1 mL : V 2 mL to form a solution of molarity M 1. If
they are mixed in the ratio of V 2mL : V 1mL, they form a solution of molarity M 2. Given V 1. Given V 1/V 2 => 1 and = , then x : y
is -
M 1V 1 M 2V 2 = M R(V 1 V 2)
V 2 x V 1 y = M 2(V 1 V 2)
Ex.59 Isuling (C 2H 10O 5) n is dissolved in a suitable solvent and the osmotic pressure (p) of solutions of various concentrations
(g/cc) C is measured at 20c. The slope of the plot of p against `C' is found to be 4.65 10 -3. The molecular weight of insulin is -
(A) 4.8 10 5 (B) 9 10 5 (C) 3 10 5 (D) 5.17 10 6
Sol. [D] pV = RT
p=
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Slope = 1000
mB = 1000
= 5.17 10 6 J
Ex.60 Compound PdCl 4.6H 2O is a hydrated complex; 1 molal aqueous solution of it has freezing point 269.28 K. Assuming 100%
ionization of complex, calculate the molecular formula of the complex (K f for water = 1.86 K kg mol -1) -
(A) [Pd(H 2O) 6]Cl 4 (B) [Pd(H 2O) 4Cl 2]Cl 2.2H 2O
(C) [Pd(H 2O) 3Cl 3]Cl.3H 2O (D) [Pd(H 2O) 2Cl 4].4H 2O
Sol. [C] DT = i K f m
(273 _ 269.28) = i 1.86 1
3.72 = i 1.86
i=2
a=
1= or n = 2.
Thus, the complex should give two ions in the solution, i.e., the complex will be [Pd(H 2O) 3Cl 3]Cl.3H 2O]
Ex.61 pH of 0.1 M monobasic acid is measured to be 2. Its osmotic pressure at a given temperature T K is -
Sol. [B] HA H A-
t=0C00
t eq C _ Ca Ca Ca
[H ] = Ca, [H ] = 10 -pH
\ Ca = 10 -2
0.1 a = 10 -2
a = 0.1
a= ; 0.1 =
i = 1.1
\ p = iCRT
= 1.1 0.1 RT = 0.11 RT
m= m=1
x B = 0.0176, x A = 0.9824
p = p 0x A
p = 760 0.9824 = 746.624
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