E-BIZ ASSIGNMENT - DEFAULTER

Devang Prakash

Roll No - 116

BUSINESS TO GOVERNMENT(B2G)

Business-to-government (B2G) is a derivative of B2B marketing and often

referred to as a market definition of "public sector marketing" which
encompasses marketing products and services to government agencies
through integrated marketing communications techniques such as strategic
public relations, branding, marcom, advertising, and web-based
communications.

B2G networks allow businesses to bid on government RFPs in a reverse

auction fashion. Public sector organizations (PSO's) post tenders in the form
of RFP's, RFI's, RFQ's etc. and suppliers respond to them

Business-to-government e-commerce or B2G is generally defined as

commerce between companies and the public sector. It refers to the use of
the Internet for public procurement, licensing procedures, and other
government-related perations. This kind of e-commerce has two features:
first, the public sector assumes a pilot/leading role in establishing e-
commerce; and second, it is assumed that the public sector has the greatest
need for making its procurement system more effective.

Web-based purchasing policies increase the transparency of the procurement

process (and reduces the risk of irregularities). To date, however, the size of
the B2G e-commerce market as a component of total e-commerce is
insignificant, as government e-procurement systems remain undeveloped

CONSUMER TO BUSINESS(C2B)
Consumer-to-Business (C2B) is defined as the comparison shopping
activities performed on-line by a user before purchasing a product. While
this definition may accurately represent current implementations, it barely
scratches the surface of what is possible. By enabling direct-marketing and
self-marketing, the C2B concepts proposed and clarified in this paper, will
allow consumers to do far more than simply compare prices and
characteristics. It will place consumers on an equal footing with
corporations. If we move away from the notion of C2B as comparison-
shopping, then at present, the most representative implementations are
generally categorized as wallet software systems. Until very recently, the
most formalized attempt at wallet software systems was the Electronic
Commerce Modeling Language (ECML). ECML allows "consumers to enter
personal details once into the wallet software, which could be called up as
needed to make payments to retailers". Once the information has been
entered, order forms for Internet transactions can be filled automatically with
data, such as billing preferences, shipping information, identity, credit-card
numbers, and digital certificates .

As recently as a year ago, Microsoft was discussing a new wallet based

technology, code-named Hailstorm and later renamed as .NET MyServices.
While the current status of the project is unclear, it is interesting to note that
the wallet portion was to be called a safe-deposit box. While no complete
version of Hailstorm is currently available, these naming choices, and the
very existence of the product, demonstrate consensus concerning the
evolution of C2B from comparison-shopping services to a complex
consumer-based set of applications. This expanded view of the wallet more
closely matches the domain of electronic commerce, which as described in ,
"involves everything one can do in the physical world: advertising,
shopping, bartering, negotiating contracts and prices, bidding for contracts,
ordering, billing, payment, settlement, accounting, loans, bonding, escrow,
etc."

2. Example C2B Scenarios

The following scenarios help clarify the intended role of C2B systems.

Mobile Shopper: A pedestrian is taking a walk through the streets of San

Francisco. She passes by many shops and frequently pauses to peer through
the windows and examine the various offerings. With so many stores to see,
she rarely enters one unless something quite special catches her eye. But
today, something different is about to happen. A clothing store just down the
street from her current whereabouts recently installed a new C2B system.
Sensing the young woman’s C2B information on her personal digital
assistant (PDA), the store’s software requests her identity, and based on it,
determines her clothing preferences. Reviewing current inventory, the
software finds that the shop is stocking a number of items that seem to fit
her profile. The pedestrian is notified of a special sale on these particular
items by having a message popup on her (PDA). She is given directions to
the store from her current location, and soon after becomes a new customer.

Emergency Room: A businessman has just fallen ill after a dinner with some
potential clientele in New York City. He is far away from his home and his
family physician in California. The ambulance picks the gentleman up from
his hotel room and rushes him to the emergency room at the nearest hospital.
As a result of the food poisoning, the patient is in no condition to fill out
insurance forms or to answer questions regarding family history or allergies
to various medications. But today, nobody even asks. His identity is
established, and authorized hospital personnel retrieve his medical
information. In addition, the family doctor on the other coast is notified of
his patient’s condition. The local doctors prescribe the necessary treatment,
and the following morning our businessman is recovering without
complications.

Insuring the Family: For the Hendersons, the cost of car insurance just
seems to keep increasing. Their youngest son has just received his permit to
drive, and the rates have soared to new heights. With both parents working,
there is really no time to deal with the hassle of calling twenty different
insurance companies to find the best rate. But today they won’t have to.
Wanting a number of changes to their coverage, the Hendersons modify the
description of their current policy. The description is not immutable and is
created to include a number of equally acceptable alternatives. The utility
function representing their requirements is sent onto the Internet and
eventually matched with a willing insurer. Using public keys and digital
signatures, the Hendersons are signed up for the new policy and receive their
insurance cards the following morning.

A review of the scenarios above, as well as a number of others, leads to

development of the following set of requirements.
1. Support mobile/non-mobile users in obtaining real-time, highly relevant
information and personalized attention.

2. Support mobile/non-mobile users in the maintenance and access of their

personal data for a variety of real-life situations.

3. Enable creation of semantically enriched “forms” for automated

information extraction/completion from personal information sources.

4. Enable matchmaking between personal requirements and corporate

offerings.

5. Enable automated update of personal information at the completion of

specified transactions.

6. Enable registration of interest though profile description along with means

for anonymous notification of discovered matches.

7. Enable system creation in the absence of well-specified type definitions or

well-formulated requirements.

8. Enable automated system evolution in support of new, custom data

BUSINESS TO EMPLOYEE (B2E)

B2E (Business to Employee) E-Commerce generally refers to the

requisitioning of supplies by employees for use in their jobs, but this really
has grown to encompass much more. For example, B2E makes it very easy
for an employee to requisition a new toner cartridge and printer paper - the
order is entirely electronic, and supervisors are asked to approved the
requisition in the event that the total order exceeds preset limits for that
particular employee. However, B2E has grown into technologies that allow
the employee to access their employee records to update address
information, shift investments in the 401K plan, or maintain their internal
resume. Many companies have found that B2E technologies have
dramatically reduced the administrative burdens with the human resources
department. Admittedly, maintaining employee information has little to do
with commerce, but this term has grown to encapsulate this activity into the
B2E definition.