Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 92

:

20 17
. ,36529 . 6136401
03-5608871 :
03-5602205 :
www.adva.org
contact@adva.org


' ,"
(. ,).
'
. "
'
, '
,SISO " 50" '
". '
'
'


:
:"
:
:"
:"
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

:
,

.
: | 3

11

25 :

28

43 :

52 :

63 :

68 :

78 :

86
| 4 :


? ?


,
.

,1967
,50 , , .

, ,
, .
,
.


, .
, "" ;
, ;

, ;
; .

,
" " .

. ,
, ,
.


.
: | 5

.1985
, .

, .


.
| 6 :

. 2010 ,OECD
. 22 34
. "
, .19
.
( ) .
.
. " ".

, OECD
, 2/3 .
17 .
, " ".

, 1948
.

, , ,
. , , ,
.

,

.
: | 7

,
.

1948 ,
, , .
,
, , . ,
: ,2015
, 31% , 14%
38% .

, ,1985
" " .

. , , ,
,
.

1985 ,1948
, ,
.

1985 ,
: , ,
. :
, , "
" . " " . , ,
. , , .
.

.
| 8 :

: " " 1959" "


;1971 " " ;1976 " "
.2011

. ,1967" " 1948,1985


1948 ( )
( ) . ,
.


. :
" " , ,
, .

" . " ,
.

,
. :
? ? ?
? ,
. ,
.

, ,
,
(.)Occupy Wall Street

" " ( )
. ,
,
. 85 ( 1% 8.5 )
, .
: | 9

, , :
"" , .

. ,
, .
60 80
.
,

.

,
,1985
.
: " " "
" 1985 . . ,
. ,.

, : ,
re-location ; .
99%
; 99%
.
, ;
.
,
" " , ,
, ;
, ,
.
,
; .
| 10 :

:
, , .

, , . ,
, ;
; ,
.

,
. ,
,
.

, .
" " " " ,
1960 ,1970 .
" "

" ".
: | 11



.
, ,
.

,1967
" , .
.

,
.1987
,
. ,
:

" ... , ,1988



. , ,
, ,
.
. ,
. .

" ,
... .
| 12 :

,
. . ,
...
. : , , .
, ,
1
. , "...

,
,
.

, 2000
,2003 . :

"
1967-1966 ,1953-1952 ...1989-1988
2
... ... ".

,
. :

"
()
. ,2001
, 2002
3
".


, , , , " . ,
" ...
4". , .

1987 .2016

: | 13

:2008
.

:1" " 2016-1987 ,


10.0%

8.0%

6.0%

4.0%

2.0%

0.0%

-2.0%


-4.0%
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016

"
"
: " , , .2017

? . , ,
" ... 2002 3.1 3.8 ,
5
14.6 17.9 " ( ".)2001

2002
.2001 ,
2002
.2001 2003 ,
| 14 :

2003 10% 15%


6. BDI " ,
16,700 (" , 89,651 2015") , , ,
18,500 (" , 99,314 2015"); ,
1,800 (" , 9,663 2015") ,
7
.

:

.
:
. "".


. , 2.79( 2015
) 8, .
,
" ".

, ' ,
.
.

: ,1980
. .
, 2.5 .
, 1 .2003-2002
7-6 , .2010
" " ,2014 9. ,
10
. .2016
: | 15

:2 2016-1986 ,
4,000
3,500

3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000

500
0
1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016

:
.1 , .
.2 2016 .
:
" , , 23.1 ,20152000 4.1 ;19951986" ,
.2017 ,

11
" " :
"
. ,
, ,
, ,
. ,
, .
,
. ,
.
,
.
| 16 :

, " " 20142


" , 0.2% . ,
, ,
.

,
".

" .

" 20151995 ,
; ,
. " .OECD

, " .
,1990"
OECD .
" , "" .
" ,2006 ,
. 2008 ,
" . ,
, .
: | 17

: ))austerity
, ,2000
() 12
. , .
,

.

, ,
"" fiscal austerity

:3 , , OECD ,
2015-1995 ,
80,000

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

OECD

OECD (2017), Gross domestic product (GDP) (indicator), doi: 10.1787/dc2f7aec-en (Accessed on 29 March 2017) :
| 18 :

.2008

.

,
( /) . .
, 300% ,
3 .
.1985 ,
1990 138.3%"
"" .

,2000 , 80% ,
. 93.9% .2004
,
.60% 1993 , ( )2016
, / .62.2%

:
. , 2006 ,2015
5.09 " 50 " 3.33 " 38.3
13
".

, , . ,
.
" ".

fiscal austerity ,

, ,
. , /

.
: | 19

, , " " , "


" "" . "
" , ,
, .
.

, , , .

.

,

.

:4 2016-1983 ,
,

300

250


200

150


100

50

0
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016

: , " , " , '' ,3 .2017

138.3 123.7 119.6 118.3 110.2 98.9 96.6 95.1 96.4 90.3 80.1 84.4 91.1 93.9 92.2 88.9 81.0 73.9 71.9 74.6 70.7 68.8 68.3 67.0 66.0 64.1 62.2
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
| 20 :

, ,

.

:
" " . ;Standard and Poor's; Moody's :.Fitch
(
) ;
.
"
" .

: ' ()Standard and Poor's


2015 30 14.
: 22 34
;OECD (Human Development
)Index " , , ()2013
19 187 . , , ,
.
.

.
,
. :
" "

.


15. , '
A+ : ""16 .
:
: | 21

" .
...
.

17
".

,
,

.

, ,
.AAA 200 .
(
AAA ,AA" ( + )- ( ,
,A+ , ;2011 ,
18
"").
| 22 :

:5 ,
, Standard and Poor's


AA AAA
AA AAA
AA AAA
AA AAA
AA AAA
AA AAA
AA AAA
AA AAA
AA- AAA
AA- AAA
AA- ' AAA
AA- AAA
AA- ' AA+
A+ AA+
A+ AA+
A+

: . .
: Trending Economincs: http://www.tradingeconomics.com/israel/rating


" : , 1990 49%-46%" .,2003
, 44%
" , 2016.35%
: | 23

: ,
, ,OECD
".


, .

:6 "2016-1995 ,
60%

50%

40%

30%


20%

10%

0%
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016

47 49 46 46 43 41 44 43 44 40 40 40 39 38 38 37 37 38 37 36 33 35
1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

: OECD , ( ,)
. , , , ,
.
OECD (2017), Social spending (indicator). doi: 10.1787/7497563b-en (Accessed on 24 April 2017) :
| 24 :

:7 , "2016 ,

31.5
30.8
29.0
28.9
28.7
27.8
27.1
27.0
25.3
25.1
24.6
24.1
22.8
22.0
21.8
21.5
OECD 21.0
20.6
20.2
19.7
' 19.4
" 19.3
19.1
18.6
17.4
16.1
16.1
15.2
14.5
. 10.4

: OECD , ( ,)
. , , , ,
.
OECD (2017), Social spending (indicator). doi: 10.1787/7497563b-en (Accessed on 24 April 2017) :
: | 25

" :"1985
,
. .

, " "
.1985 . ,
, .
.
.
: , , ,
.

,
. , ,
. ,

. , ,
: ,
(
, , );
" " , ( ).

,
. , ,
, . ,"
| 26 :

,
. , ,
.
, : ,
, ;
"" ; ,
.

.
, , , .

: 25,000"
2,000" 5,000" 19.
2010 6 " ( );
3.78 " 1.7
" 20. ,
, / ,
.

.
:1985 1986 2001 61%
.36% , 36% 25% 201024%-
21
.2017-

: ,
,
.
.
: , ,
" ."
," ' ,
22
" ".
: | 27

,
. , ,
. ,

. ,
, , .


,
.
, , ,
.
, , ,
. , ,
" ".
| 2 8 :


.
2003-2002 .
,
. ,
,/ ,/ .

.
,
/ / .
.
.

,1954 .
. ( ) 1959
.1994 .1973 ,
, ( 80 ,1980
.)1988
, ,
.


.
: ,
. ,
.
: | 29


.
, ,
.

, .
, ,
. "
" .
.
:" ,2003 ... 5.6 ,
23
".

" " ,
" " 24.
25
, .
18%.20%

2001 2004
60 " ( ,2016 73 ") 26.
, , .

":

" 2003-2002 ,
. [ ]

, .
2003-2002
...

, , .
27
"
| 30 :

, : ,
, , ,
. .

, ,
,2001 2006
. ,
, .

.
, . ,
; ,
,4% 28. ,
.
.

,1985
. ,1985
, .

,
.
, ,
.

" " " "


. " " ,
" ,
.

: , .
: | 31


" "
1980 ""
. ,
,
.

1990 ,
,
. 35,000 1991 151,000 2002
2,000" 1994 2,700" ( 2001 .)2015
4.6 " ( .)2015

,
, 29.
2,700" 2001 2,000" ( 2004
) . 142,000 2001 92,000 2016
, 4.6 " 2001 2.3 " 2016
( ,2015 ).

:
.
| 32 :

:8 2016-1982 ,

180,000
160,000

140,000
120,000

100,000
80,000

60,000
40,000

20,000
0
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
: 2016 ().
: , : ,4.1 .

 :9 ,
" "2016-1994 ,
2015
"

5.0 3,000
"

4.5
2,500
4.0 "
3.5
2,000
3.0
2.5 1,500
2.0
1,000
" 1.5

1.0 500
0.5
0.0 0

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
: 2016 ().
: , : ,4.4.2 ,
, 2011.2015
: | 33

" " :
,
, " : " "
" . , "" ,
.

" ",
"
" , .
, .
" , , ,
, ,
,
" 30.
" : " ,
" " . ,
.

""" , " " , ,1992


2004 .2005
, , ,
,
.

, ,

31
. ," ".
,2011 .
2014 " "
. ""

32
.
| 34 :

, " " ,
" "

. ' " ...

, ?2003
? [ ]
33
".

" " :
" "
" " , .2008
, , ,
. :
.2012
20" 720" ( ) .
, ,
.

2014 ( )2013 255,000 ,


3,729" . 64% .
34
".



. " ("
") .2013"
,
, , .
: | 35

" " : , ,
, 35.
"
.
( )
" . , , ,
36
.


.1973 ,
, ,
.

,
, . 2001
.105,000 1994 2001
, 1.9 " 4.6 " .
54% , 120" 185" (
.)2015

. 20032002
,4% ,
,
.25 2007
, 37.2010 2001 2006
; 2006
, .

2002 2008 ,
4.4 " 2002 2.1 " ( 2008 .)2015
277,418 38.156,450 ,
| 36 :

.OECD 2001
45% , ,OECD
, ,2011 30% , OECD 39.50%
0.3%" , 0.9% OECD",
( .)2013

" ,
: ,

.
40
".2003


.
, .

,20092008 , .,
41
.
: | 37

:10 2015-1991 ,

350,000

300,000

250,000

200,000

150,000
100,000


50,000

0
1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015
: ( ,)2016 ,2015 ; ( .)2004
,2003 .

:11 , ",
,"2015-1993 ,
2015

5.0 200
"
"

4.5 180
4.0 160
3.5 140
3.0 120
2.5 100
2.0 80

1.5 60
1.0 40

0.5 20
0.0 0
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

"

: , : ,15.2 ; , ;2003
, ,2015 .
| 3 8 :


,1959 .
1994 .

1990
. 1991/2 2000/1 ,
400,000 900,000 ,3
" 9 " ( .)2015
2000 (" ") ,
.

,
.
. 2002 12%
4% . 42.
,2003 144" ,
. ,
43
, .

,
, ,2016
50" , .18

.
: .

, ,
44
.

20172015 ,
45.OECD ,
24.9% 12.9%
46
.OECD
: | 39

: 1990

.

:12 2016-1980 ,
1,400,000
1,200,000

1,000,000
800,000

600,000
400,000
200,000

0
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016
: 19851992 .
: , : .6.2.1 .

:13 2016-1980 ,
" , 2015
12
"


10


8

4

2

0
1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016

: . .1997
: , , ,6.1 ; , 2011.2015
| 40 :

,


:
.

.
, ,
.
: ,2002 ,
46.6%
, . 2015
47
.34.6%

:14
2015-1998 ,

40
33.7 33.9 33.9 33.7 33.6
35 32.3 31.9 32.2 32.9 32.3 32.3 33.2 32.6 32.8
30.3
28.6 29.1 29.2
30

25
20.6 20.0 20.5 19.8 19.9
19.3 20.3 19.9 19.9 19.4 18.6 18.8 19.1
20 17.8 17.6 17.7 18.1
17.4

15

10


5

0
1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

: , , .
: | 41

:15 ,
2015-1998

60

47.4 46.6
50 46.1
44.2 45.3 43.1
39.8
38.7 39.2 38.4 38.3 38.4 39.2 39.3
40 36.0
34.6 35.5 34.6

30

20



10

0
1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015
: , , . .


, ,
, . ,
, .
, ' , 0 ,1 0
1 . 2002
31.5%; 2015 22.6%.
| 42 :

:16 '
, 2015-2002 ,

35
31.5
30.0
30 27.4
25.8 25.4
25.1 24.7
23.7 23.9 23.7 23.7
25 22.9 22.3 22.6

20

15


10


5

0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
: ( ,)2016 , .2015
: | 43


," " " " .
, , .
, " ".
1948 ,
, .1966

,
.
.
.
, .

1967 .1948
. '
, ,
,
. ,
, 48.
" " , ,

;
. 49.
| 4 4 :

, ,
.
.

1970 ,1980 .
, 1987 ,1988 40%
. , 1987 49%
50
45% .

, ,
. , , ,
, ,
, . , ,
, ,
, . 2013
51
12%" .

.
:
,

.

,1991 , ,
. 1993 22%
52. .
,
, ,
"" , 53. :
1996 54.106,000 ,
, :
,.
: | 45

,
. ,2000
, 19% :
.9%8% ,
.2000

,2015 , 112,300
22,400 , 63,000 . 36,400
12,900 . ( )
. 12% 55. 60%
.

:17
2009-1997
300,000

300,000

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

: , , , .2011 , ,
,20091997: :.' .25
| 46 :

:18 ,
2015 ,


9,995 8.9 ( )
14,599 13.0 ,
71,423 63.6
11,117 9.9 ,
2,134 1.9 ,
3,032 2.7
112,300 100 "
Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Labour Force Survey, 2015: p. 85, Table 22 :



"" .

(" ") 2011


,
. ()
( )
56
. .

,
, . ,

57.
58. ,
59.
60
.
: | 47

,
. : ,
, 1,500 2,500" ,
61
.

2016 ( )1236
. 2016 (
)2174 .
62
.


1967
.1948


.
" " " " (
1950 ) . ,
1967 .

, , " "
.
, .
63
.

" ,
, .
' ' - 1990
, [ ] " (
64
).

.
| 48 :

, 2011 26% .
65


.
20061998 ,
66.
:2000-1990

67
.

20061970
. , ,
: 75% 1970 60% .2006


12 .

:19 , ,
2006-1970
80


75

70

65

60

55
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006

: ( .)2010 , 84' .1
: | 49

.,
68 20091997

, . , ,
,20042000 ,
; .

69
1987 .

,
,
, .
, .


,
, . .,
,

, .
" " ,
. ,
, .

70
1970 .1990 , ,
. ,,
, ""
71. , , ,
. ,1970 , ,
: ,
| 50 :

.
, ,
72
. , .


,
73
.

,
.
,
.
,
74
.


, , ,
, 1967 :
,
, ,
. "
" . ,

, , ,
. , ,
, ,
, , .



75
, 12.3% 2013 -" .
: | 51

:
76 . , "
,
, 77. " ,
.

:
.
.
,
.


.
, .


. ,1980
,
. ,
.


" " .
| 52 :

,
.1967

, ,
,
. 1948 1960
300 ( )1948
78.
, .

1967 .
1950 1960 :
; , .1948
, . ,

.1967
. : ,
.

, , ,
, ,
, ,
. 1950
, ,
79. ,
, .
: | 53

, , ;
80
.

.
,
. ,
, ,

18.19

1967
,
,
. ,
, ,
.

1967
.
,
, 81.
,
. ,
, , ,
.
, , , " .
.

, ,
, . 1950 1960
" "
2015 . ,
, , "
| 54 :

" ,
82
.

1950 1967 ,
, ,
. 1970 ,1980
, :
. 1960 1980 ,
; , ,
83.
, .1989 84.
"" : 1990
, .

:
1980
. 1990
,
: .1991
2006 .2014 ,
,
.

.1967
. , ,
"" , , ,
, .
,
1950 1960 ,
.
, .
: | 55

:20
2014-1981

10



8


6

4

0
1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014
-2

-4

-6

-8

: ,2004 , .
: ".

, 1967
,1948
.1967 ,
,
:
, .
"".


, 1977 ,

| 56 :

. " "
1974
.
, ,
, ,
, .
,
, ,
. , ,
.
"
.

1970
, 85. ,
, ,1970 :
, ,
1967 . , ,
" 86. ,
,
87.
,
, 88.
, ,

.

,
, ,
. " "
"" .
89
" " ".
: | 57

. :
,
. 2004 ,2015
. ,2004 ,
14% ,
.5% 2008
,10% .4% 2013 ,
10% .2%

, , :
1999 ,2013 .
, ,2008 : 2006 ,18.5%
2013 .22%

:21 2015-2004 ,

16%

14%

12%
10%
6%
4%
2%
0%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

( :) ( .) 20112009 ( .) 20052004
( ) , .
: ,2,000 .
| 58 :

:22 ,
2013-1999
" , 2015


5,745 7,370 2006 5,605 7,157 1999
6,410 7,828 2007 5,864 7,502 2000
6,363 7,793 2008 6,394 8,051 2001
6,147 7,598 2009 6,053 7,712 2002
6,388 7,850 2010 5,766 7,231 2003
6,520 8,148 2011 5,974 7,625 2004
6,579 8,092 2012 2005
6,722 8,237 2013

9,000
8,000

7,000
6,000

5,000
4,000

3,000

2,000
1,000
1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

( :) ( ,) 2004 ( ,)
2005 .
: " , .

, ,
, "" .
, ,
: | 59

. ,
, ;
,
. " 90,
.

, .
1980 ,1990
,
. .

. ,
, , , ,
, , ,
.
,1977 . ,
, :
.

.
,
, ""
. ""
, 1983
, .
,

" .

.
. 12
; "
| 60 :

, " ,
.14


: , ,1998
.
"
"
.
.
, ,
91
.

, , :
"
. "
: ""
, , 1948
" " . , "
92.
93
, , "
" . ,
" " ," "
.

, ,
,
.

,2009 " " " , " ",


:
. 2013 12 ,
: | 61

" .1977
94
.

. ,
, .
95
2012 .

:23 ,
9 20
14


12

10

4

2

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1977 1981 1984 1988 1992 1996 1999 2003 2006 2009 2013 2015

:
" / .
" - " 1996 : , , ,
, , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , .
"" - .

13( 14 ,)1999-1992
12 . ( ,15 )2003-1999

| 62 :

4 .)20152013( 19 , ,
,1977
.

, ,
( )1981-1977 12 .19
96
.

,
. ,
. , "
,
.
, .
18 , ,
.

,
.


. , "
" , , , ,
. "
, .
: | 63

:

,
.

: ,
, ,
, , .
.
, ,
. 2.5%
97
.

, ,
,
, .

.
:
1948
; 1967
.
" " :
,
.
| 6 4 :



.
.
. ,
.

,2014
359" 8
, 45" .
6.18" ,
98
1.01" .


.1959
1990 .

1992 , ( " )
, .
( ") . "
.

,

.
:
, , .

, 1992 2011
136 ,
26 . )19%( 136
, ' .
,20081995 3.4 " ( .)2009
: | 65

,
, 99.11%
, .
, .

2001
100
, .
,
.
101
.

,
,
.

(!) :
2005 2012 7
5 . 5 4
102
, .


. ,
,
103
.

,
. ,
20142009 328 13
104
.


105 5 ; 22
46 , 15
| 6 6 :

.
.

( 922 )20202016

42.5%
2020-2018 , '
,.

,
,21 50 .

:24



- 7 44 2013
- 36 2014
2 18 2015
9 5 49 2016
11 12 147 "

:
, . .2015 "" .
.
, .30.04.14 .
:2013 .
, .29.03.2016 .
.2015
2016 , .6.4.17
: | 67

:25 , 2017



'
( ,. ..
,
. ,
)

-
( , , - '
) -
(
)
(. , '
,)

..
( ,
, '
,.

)

-
( , ( )
)






















5 15 46 22 "
: "" .
.
: ,
http://economy.gov.il/Industry/DevelopmentZoneIndustryPromotion/ZoneIndustryInfo/Pages/deafult.aspx
| 6 8 :

, "" ,
.

,
108
: 106, ,107
, " .109"15
.

.

. ,

, .

, 25
. :

, ,
, . , .
, ;
. ,
,
.

, , ,
:
" ,"15 .
: | 69

, , .
, .

,
, . ,
:

, .


. ,2015 17 " ,
30% .

.
" ,"15 23.5% ,
. ,
, 37% .
, 50%
.
, 1991
31% .

.
,1991 1,811" .
1,542"
741" . " "15
, .

1991 .
741" 1991 2,586" 2015 .3.5 , 2010
2015 ,
, 2,586" 2,482"
| 70 :

. ,
,
.

, /
, (
.)1997
"" ,
" " . ,2015-2001
( 1.6 167,300 ,)264,400 (39,200
116,800) . ,
: ,
,
.

,2015
2.1 2,953"
1,415" , . ,
, ,
" , "
" " ".

: "
" 55%
75% .
: | 71

:26 ,
" , 2016 2015
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
2,500
1,000
500
-
15-
1991 944 1,542 1,811 741
1995 1,210 1,640 1,969 1,223
2000 1,439 2,113 3,015 1,695
2005 1,308 1,609 2,215 1,649
2010 1,520 1,808 2,425 1,985
2015 1,809 1,990 2,482 2,586
:
.1 . / .
.2 , , , , , , .
: " , , ; ,
, .

:27 2015-1991 ,
" , 2016 2015
3,500
3,000

2,500
2,000
2,500
1,000

500

-
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

15-
| 72 :

:28 ,
" , 2016 2015

2015 2012 2006 2001 1997

1,415 1,141 922 1,015 780

1,809 1,523 1,478 1,486 1,259 15

1,990 1,793 1,833 2,093 1,777

2,586 2,184 1,822 1,747 1,311

2,953 2,609 2,980 2,999 2,119

:
.1 . / .
.2 , , , , , , .
: " , , ; ,
, .


,

. , " " ,
"" 110.
; 15
, " ."15

1991 2000 , 2.7 " 4.3


" .
, , , .
: 2015
3 " .
1990 .
: | 73

,
: 1.2 " 2000 "
;2015 0.7 " 0.5 ";
383 " 260 " .
2001
70 ".

1990 100% , 741"


1991 1,453" .2001
2014 799" 8% .1991


, : 1995
1,505" . 2015 659" .

, .
,1997 ,
,
. 2001
, 2015 , , 985" 56%
630".
| 74 :

:29
,
" , 2016

2015 2010 2005 2000 1995 1991


2,661 2,418 2,874 3,916 3,964 2,399


491 466 623 723 881 682


1,027 920 993 1,224 908 425

74 72 76 71 53
..
()2015 ()2012 ()2006 ()2001 ()1997

260 261 255 383 345


..
()2015 ()2012 ()2006 ()2001 ()1997 -
: 15 .
: " , , ; " ,
, .

:30 ,
" , 2016 2015
3,0000
2,500
2,000
2,500
1,000
500
-
1991 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
1,396 1,505 1,094 883 632 659
2,804 2,784 2,018 1,317 1,082 897
741 1,328 1,502 1,054 871 932
: " "15 .
: " , , ; ,
, .
: | 75

:31 2015-1991 ,
" , 2016
3,500
3,000

2,500

2,000
2,500

1,000
500
-
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

: " "15 .
: " , , ; ,
, .

:32 ,
" , 2016 2015

2015 2012 2006 2001 1997


630 715 1,147 1,813 2,516
659 666 910 1,141 1,374
932 880 1,106 1,453 1,457
985 1,101 1,323 2,292 2,620

: " , , ; ,
, .
| 76 :



(") . , ,
, , , " .
.
: , , , .

:33 ,
" , 2016 2015

3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
2,500
1,000
500
-

15-
1997 1,552 1,398 1,533 1,289 2,926
2001 1,449 1,257 1,222 1,880 2,682
2006 781 1,176 1,153 1,498 1,186
2012 847 1,170 1,765 1,452 1,857
2015 908 1,432 1,736 1,704 2,432
: , .
: " , , ; ,
, .

, .
2015 908" ,
1,432" 1,704" .
2,432" .
: | 77

:
.
, ,
" ."15
| 78 :

, , .

,
. ,
"
.

, ,
, . ,
.


" " .
. , 2016-2011 ,
2012 " , " .
111
" " ' 2 ".
" " 7 2014 "
.2017 .

" ";

, .
, .
, 1988 2010 ,2015-2014 (
) " " 55.6
" ( .)2016

. 52.5 2017
" . ( ,)
: | 79

.2015-2011 32.6 2017-2016


".

75,000 (
" ") .
50% 5.

:34 "
2015-1988 ,
" , 2016

8


6.1 5.9 6.1
6

4.6

4
3.3
3.0 2.8
2.6 2.4
2 2.0 2.0
1.8 1.5 1.6
1.5 1.3 1.4
1.0
0.8 0.9 1.1
0.5 0.6 0.7
0 . . . .
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

:
1.1 .
2.2 1999 " . 2011
, 20172018
" " , .2015-2014
3.3 : ;
; ; ; "
;1996 ; ;WYE ;
; , " " ( ); ;
; ; ;
" "; " ".
4.4 : / ; (
); ( ,
); .
: , , .
| 8 0 :

27 .
: ,
" ,
; , 4% 8% .
; , 12% .

, " " . 1997


, "
:

" "
2007-
285 " 0.935 " 470 "
. (
2007-2003
6.4 "); ;

: , , 2007 ,.2008

:
, .
. ,
, 1967 , " "
.1971 , ,
, . ,
, " ,
("") . , ,1978
" " " .
, ,1982 " , " " , "
18 : " ; 1985
, " " . " ,2000
: | 81

, 1993 ,1995 " " , " " ",


.

" " ; ,
. " "
,
112. " ,,
" . ,
.

"
" "; .
" .
:

" . , ,
'67 .
, , "
, , ; , ...

" , 11 , " ,
,
'80 .2000
, ,
, ,
113
, ".

" ."
: "
. "
, , .
.
| 82 :

" ,
.

,
. :
, , ( ) , ,
114
.


,
, , ,
. ,
, , " .
,
.

, .,
, , ,
.


. , 20162015
: "
115
, ".

, . ,
.1 : ; .2 ; .3 .
, , ,
116
:
: | 83

1.1 , ,
;

2.2 , ;

3.3 , ,
;

4.4 , ';

5.5 , ;

6.6 ;

7.7 ;

8.8 .


, . ,
,1950 . ,
. "
, " ,
117
".

1994 ,2015 ,
,50% .350%
, ( ,
) ,
. , ,
, : ,
.
| 8 4 :

:35
2015-1994 ,
100=1994

350

300

250

200

250

100


50

0
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

: , , , .
: | 8 5

:36
( )2015-1994 ,


24.2% 2.4% 1994
24.3% 2.5% 1995
24.4% 2.5% 1996
24.8% 2.6% 1997
24.8% 2.6% 1998
23.9% 3.2% 1999
24.1% 3.3% 2000
24.1% 3.3% 2001
25.9% 3.5% 2002
24.4% 3.6% 2003
24.7% 3.8% 2004
25.0% 3.7% 2005
25.4% 3.8% 2006
25.4% 4.0% 2007
24.6% 4.0% 2008
24.3% 4.1% 2009
24.1% 4.2% 2010
23.2% 4.3% 2011
22.8% 4.4% 2012
22.3% 4.6% 2013
22.9% 4.6% 2014
22.5% 4.8% 2015
: , , , .
| 8 6 :

, 1967 ,
. ,
, ,
.

,
,
.

" , " , :
, . ,
,
.

, ,
" " : ,

; ,
, .
.

.


. .

.

, : .
: | 87
| 8 8 :


( ,)1989 " : ". ", 1
.600-599
( ,)2002 :' .8 2
,)2002( , ,2002 , , :' .1 3
, :' .6 4
( ,)2002 :' .3 5
(" ,)2003 : " , 6
: .
" ,)14.11.2004( BDI 12 " , ( . 7
- ).
, ,2016 .23.1 8
( :2014" ,)30.12.2014 7% ,"2013. 9
( ,)2016 :2015' .35 10
( ,)16.3.2015 , . 11
,2001 2002 12
.
. .
: 2001
, .
, , .
, ( ,)2015" :' .20 13
:http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi, 2015 14
;2 . (" ,)9.5.2015' ''" ..
, ," :2013' .49 15
Trending Economincs: http://www.tradingeconomics.com/israel/rating 16
, :. 17
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_credit_rating#Standard_.26_Poor.27s 18
( .)27.10.2002 ,2003 . 19
,)2005( , :2006 . 20
2018 .23%- , , ; , 21
, , .
' (") ( ,)2002 : ( ') :. 22
( ,)2003 ,2003 , , :' .153 23
:' .154 24
:' .166 25
( ,)2005 , :' .124 26
(" ,)2003 " , , 27
:20022003 ,1' .29
( " ,)2002 ,20022003 2002 ;2003 28
( 2003
,)2004" .)2003
( ,)2003 , :' .3536 29
( " ,)2011 : ", 30
:58' .23
' :. 31
( ,)2016 " " . 32
' ( " ,)2016 : 33
?" , .25
( ,)2.2.2016 ( :)140' .35 34
( )( , ,)2014" :' .24 35
:' .23 36
( ,)2013" ,2012' .231 37
( ,)2012 ,2011 : ,3' .15 38
: . 39
( .)2015 :' .1 40
: | 89

,2009 , 41
.7.5% 25
( ) . 2009
,2010
. 10,000
.
,3525 46,000 .
( [ ,]2012 :2011' .)219220
( ,)2003 , :' .3738 42
( ,)2007 , , :' 43
.7
( ,)2005 : , 44
,20041959
) :' . 28
,)2015( , ,2014 . 45
:' .28 46
, , . 47
Arie Arnon, Israel Luski, Avia Spivak and Jimmy Weinblatt (1997), The Palestinian Economy: Between Imposed 48
Integration and Voluntary Separation. New York: Brill: p. 2.
,)1985( , : , :' .149 49
Sarit Cohen Goldner (2015), "Measuring the Impact of Temporary Foreign Workers and Cross-Border Workers on 50
Labor Market Transitions of Native Israelis". Discussion Paper No. 815. The Pinchas Sapir Center for Development, Tel
Aviv University: p. 3.
( ,)2015 :2014' .134 51
.World Bank (July 2002), Long Term Policy Options for the Palestinian Economy: p. 34 52
.Cohen Goldner (2015), op.cit.: 3 ( ,)2008 , :' .84 53
, :' .114 54
,)Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (25.2.2016 55
Press Release on the Results of Labour Force Survey in Palestine, 2015.
, ( ) ," ( :)2011' .28 5 6
1970 57
,
.
.
( ,)2012 , ; 58
(" ,)5.4.2016 ?"
( ,)2015 :2014' ;135 .5.4.16 , 59
( ,)2012 , ; 60
( ,)5.4.2016 .
( ,)5.4.2016 . 61
( ,)8.3.16 ,1236 62
.
( ,)18.12.16 .2174
, .
(" ,)2007 ?" , :)1( 54 ,' 63
;745 , ( ,)1994 ,
.
( ,)2013 , :' .65 64
( ,)2013 , . 65
:' .26
Cohen Gouldner, op. cit., 2015. 6 6
;Cohen Goldn (2015), op. cit ( ,)2005 , 67
" , , .
, ( ,)2011 ,19972009 , 68
.
' , : ' ' .4 69
David Bartram (June 2004), "Labor Migration Policy and the Governance of the Construction Industry in Israel and 70
Japan", Politics and Society, Vol. 32, No.2, pp. 131170.
| 9 0 :

:' .140 71
:' .142 72
:. 73
( ,)2007"; , 74
( ,)2011".
( ,)2015 :2014' .134 75
.World Bank. 2013. West Bank and Gaza Area C and the Future of the Palestinian Economy, Report No. AUS292 76
, ( ,)2011".
," , : '; ( ,)2013 :2012' ;6967 ' (.)2011 77
,)1981( , . : :' ;22 78
( ,)1985 , :' ;5 ( ,)1997
,19901995 , .
, : .2 79
( ,)1995 , :' .3233 80
(" :1967" .)2005 " , 81
: . : , .
, :' .1 82
,.11 : 83
,.37 : 84
( ,)1982 ' : , :' .9 85
( ,)1981 :' .344 86
( ,)2003 : 87
, .
( ,)1981 :' .344 88
' ( ,)2016 : ", 89
, . :47' .73
' ,.12 : 90
(" ,)11.11.2013 " , "". 91
, :' 13.127 92
:' .73 93
(" ,)2015 : 2013 " , : 94
() .2013 ..
( ,)30.12.14 : , . 95
1983 . 96
. Latner & McGann 2005 16
" () .
,
, ,
.20081999 ,
11 ( ( ,)2011 , , [],
. ) .
, ,
. 19691973( 7
, 40 .14 , .
14 .
( ,)2011 , . 97
. 2365 ,21.12.2014 9 8
.2015
" , ( ,)2011 99
.
:. 100
, ( ,)2014 101
.
( ,)2013 63 2012 ,2011.1768 1723 , 102
,.5 : 103
, ( ,)2015 "" . 104
.
, , ..8.5.2017- 1 05
: | 91

" , , , , , , , , , 1 06
, , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , . 2005
: , ,
. ,
.
" " 25 " : , , , , , , 107
, , , , , , , , , ,,
, , , , , , (" , :1998' .)37
, ( 1 08
, ) . ,
.
.
.
15 . : , , 109
, , , , , , , , , , ,
.
. , 1 10
.
' ( ,)2012 " " , , 111
.
( ,)1984 ,. 112
(" ,)13.4.2004 , ,"242. 113
:. 114
, ,2015 ,20152016 :' .25 115
:. 116
:' .29 117

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi