BAL BHARATI PUBLIC SCHOOL PITAMPURA

CLASS VII CHEMISTRY

TERM-1 NOTES(2013-2014)
Acids, Bases and Salts
Q1Write the properties of acids.
Ans 1. Acids are corrosive in nature and have a sour taste.
2. Acids change blue litmus (a dye extracted from lichens) red.
3. Acids react with metals to form hydrogen gas and a salts
4. Acids react with bases to form a salt and water. This process is called neutralization

Q2Mention the sources of common acids.

Ans Sulphuric, Hydrochloric and Nitric acids are commonly used inorganic acids. They are also
called mineral acids and are seen in chemistry laboratories. Organic acids occur naturally in
fruits and vegetables.
e.g.
Source Organic acid

Citrus fruits like lemon,Oranges Citric acid

Milk Lactic acid
Vinegar Acetic acid
Grapes Tartaric acid
Vitamin C Ascorbic acid

Q3 Write the properties of bases.

Ans 1. They are soapy or slippery to touch.
2. They turn red litmus blue.
3. They taste bitter (ever get soap in your mouth?) .
4. They react with acids and form salt and water.

Q4What are indicators . mention few common indicators and their colour changes in acids and
bases
Ans. A chemical that changes colour and helps in identification of an acidic, basic and neutral
substances. Indicators can be either natural (extracted from plants) or synthetic Many natural dyes found
in fruits, vegetables, and flowers act as indicators, too. For example, red cabbage extracts changes red in
acidic solution and blue in basic solution.
Common indicators include:
o Litmus: A dye extracted from various species of lichen that changes colour in acidic and
basic medium
o Phenolphthalein: A synthetic indicator that changes colour in the basic range.
o Methyl orange: A synthetic indicator that changes colour in the acid.
INDICATOR COLOUR INACID COLOUR IN NEUTRAL COLOUR
SOLUTION INBASE
Litmus red purple blue
Phenolphthalein Colourless Colourless pink
Methyl orange orange Colourless yellow

Q5Write the differences between acids and bases.

Ans.

Acids Bases
Taste Sour Bitter

Examples household vinegar (acetic acid) drain cleaner,

. car battery (sulphuric acid) . oven cleaner (sodiumhydroxide)
lemon juice, orange juice or . cleaning products (ammonia solution)
citrus fruit juices (citric acid . Milk of Magnesia (magnesiumhydroxide)
used as an antacid

Feel . concentrated acids can cause skin burn. . concentrated bases can cause skin burn.
. care should be taken when handling acids. . care should be taken when handling bases.
. bases often feel slippery or soapy.

Reaction Acid turns blue litmus paper red Base turns red litmus paper blue
to
Litmus

Q6 How are salts formed?

Ans A Salt results when an acid reacts with a base

Q7 How can we cure an ant bite?

Ans When an ant stings on the skin and baking soda is applied on the skin for relief. Ant sting is
acidic due to formic acid present in ant sting and baking soda is basic. When baking soda is
rubbed on the affected area neutralization reaction takes place

Q8 Why and when does a doctor recommend an antacid ?

Ans .Antacids are basic in nature. When someone suffers from acidity, some antacids are given
to him by a doctor to eat so that neutralization can take place in the stomach of the patient.
Q9 Why should acidic factory wastes be treated before their disposal?
Ans .When acidic wastes from factories are disposed off in rivers, they are first treated with
bases so as to neutralize the wastes first and prevent the river water from getting acidic as acidic
substances may harm the aquatic life.

Q10 How do farmers treat the soil before sowing seeds?

Ans . Acidic soil is treated with bases like slaked lime which is actually Calcium hydroxide or
chalk powder is added to such soils.
Basic soils are neutralized by adding large quantities acidic substances like manure.

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