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BDS PHASE - I, YEAR - 2 DEGREE EXAMINATION — LTT TTI Reg. No. MANIPAL UNIVERSITY EPTEMBER 2012 SUBJECT: PATHOLOGY - I (ESSAY) Tuesday, September 11, 2012 Time: 09:00 ~ 10:30 Hrs. Max. Marks: 40 In a tabular format compare apoptosis and necrosis. (6 marks) ‘What is granulation tissue? Describe wound healing by second intention. (243 = 5 marks) Define a thrombus. Explain the pathogenesis of thrombosis. Describe the morphology of a venous thrombus (14242 = 5 marks) Define neoplasm. List the differences between benign and malignant neoplasms. (+4 = 5 marks) A 55 year old man presented to the emergency with acute onset chest pain and breathlessness, He was suspected to have a heart attack i) Describe the changes in the coronary arteries that could have led to the above condition ii) What investigations would confirm the diagnosis? (342= 5 marks) A 65 year old male with carcinoma of sigmoid colon presents with anaemia and blood in the stool. Describe the clinical features and laboratory diagnosis for this type of anemia. (1+2+2 = 5 marks) Define leukaemias. Classify acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), Describe the blood and bone marrow changes seen in AML. (14141214 = 5 marks) Ina tabular format, compare and contrast osteoporosis and Paget's disease of the bone. (5 marks) ela Page | of | MANIPAL UNIVERSITY BDS PHASE-I, YEAR-2 DEGREE EXAMINATION — SEPTEMBER 2012 SUBJECT: PATHOLOGY — II (MCQs) ‘Tuesday, September 11, 2012 ‘Time: 11:00 - 11:30 Hrs. [INSTRUCTIONS ‘Max. Marks: 60 1. Foreach statement, select T (True) or F (False) as your choice. Leave blank for Don’t Know response. Scoring systems is as follows For every Correct response For every Wrong response For every Don’t Know response Do not write anything in the question paper. all the pages. The following cellular adaptations are correctly matched with the clinical examples 101, Hypertrophy: Left ventricular myocardium in hypertension 102, Atrophy: Paralysis after cerebral stroke 103, Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of uterine smooth muscle: Pregnancy Fatty change 104, Is irreversible 105, Results from hypoxia 106. Is characterized by vacuolation of the cytoplasm due to accumulation of water Regarding role of neutrophils in scute inflammation 107. Movement of neutrophils is dependent on sodium ions 108, Before phagocytosis, the micro-organisms are opsonised by complement C3b 109, Lactoferrin and cationic proteins are oxygen dependent microbicidal agents Use only HB or 2B pencils to darken the circle. Indicate your choice by darkening the appropriate circle in the answer sheet provided, mark is awarded 0.5 mark is deducted No mark is deducted Indicate your roll number (Registration Number) clearly and correctly. ‘The true/false statements are numbered 101 to 160 (Total 60 statements). ‘This question paper contains 02 pages. Please make sure that the question paper provided to you has Examples of primary chronic inflammation include 110, Viral infections 111, Pyogenie infections 112, Tuberculosis Epithelioid cells 113. Are modified macrophages 114, Resemble columnar cells of respiratory tract 115, Have phagocytic activity Regarding oedema 116. Inflammatory oedema is due to increased vascular permeability 117, Ocdema in nephrotic syndrome is caused by increased hydrostatic pressure 118, In filariasis, oedema occurs because of lymphatic obstruction Page 1 of 2 Regarding diabetes mellitus 119. Type 2 diabetes metlitus is due to destruction of beta cells and total insulin deficiency 120. It leads to microangiopathy causing renal and retinal damage 121. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity Regarding carcinomas 122, They are malignant neoplasms 123, ‘They arise from connective tissue 124, The preferted route of metastasis is lymphatics Regarding carcinogens 125. Procarcinogens require metabolic, conversion 126. Chemicals can act as carcinogens 127. Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with ‘human papilloma virus infection 128. Exposure to UV radiation increases the risk of skin cancers ‘Tumour grade is assessed by 129. Mitotic activity 130, Degree of resemblance to the normal tissue 131, Extent of spread Regarding tuberculosis 132, It is an important cause of HIV related death 133, Ghon focus is characteristic of secondary tuberculosis 134, It is a classical example of granulomatous inflammation Cardiovascular effects of benign hypertension include 135, Left ventricular hypertrophy ration and hyalinosis of the muscularis media 137. Fibrinoid necrosis Regarding diagnosis of hemolytic anaemias 138, Sickle cell anaemia shows elevated foetal hemoglobin on electrophoresis 139, Osmotic fragility test is the test to confirm hereditary spherocytosis, 140, Coomb’s test helps to diagnose immune hemolytic anaemias Regarding lymphomas 141, Reed Stemberg cell is seen in non- Hodgkin's lymphoma 142, Nodular lymphocyte predominant lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 143, Lymph node architecture is maintained in lymphoma Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) 144, Is a disease of the elderly 145. Shows a predominant population of lymphoblasts 146. Is characterized by lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly von Willebrand disease 147. Is sex-linked recessive disorder 148. Is commonly a mild bleeding disorder 149. Results in prolonged bleeding time and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) Ewing’s tumor 150. Arises from primitive mesenchymal tissue 151. Is.@.small, round blue cell tumour 152. Has a peak incidence in the 5" decade Regarding pleomorphic adenoma 153, It is also called as mixed tumour 154, Ithas a low malignant potential Regarding squamous cell carcinoma of skin 155. Itis associated with chronic sun exposure 156. It presents as Keratotic areas, ulcers or nodules clinically The laboratory findings in disseminated intravascular coagulation include 157. Increase in prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APT) 158. Decrease in fibrin degradation products 159. Increase in platelets 160. Microangiopathic hemolytic anaemia ene Page 2 of 2 7 [Ree_ne,] [el LTT] MANIPAL UNIVERSITY BDS PHASE-I YEAR-2 DEGREE EXAMINATION — SEPTEMBER 2012 SUBJECT: PHARMACOLOGY ~ I (ESSAY) Thursday, September 13, 2012 Time: 09:00 ~ 10:30 Hrs Max. Marks: 40 1. Describe the following terms with an example for each: 1A. Potentiation 1B. Obtundants IC. Mummifying agents (23 = 6 marks) 2. A $0 year old patient with artificial cardiac valve was administered a combination of penicillin and drug ‘X? prior to a dental surgery. What could be the drug *X’ and explain the basis for combining drug “X’ with penicillin (2 marks) 3. List two drugs belonging to the following classes of drugs and mention two therapeutic uses of any one of them: 3A. Reversible anticholinesterases 3B. Opioids 3C. Anticoagulants 3D. Glucocorticoids (2x4 = 8 marks) 4. A 24 year old patient has to undergo extraction of first molar tooth. Deseribe the technique of local anaesthesia used for the above purpose and mention two local anaesthetics that can be used in this case. (2 marks) 5. Explain the pharmacological basis for the following: 5A. Enalapril is used in hypertension. SB. Metoclopramide is used in vomiting, (22 = 4 marks) 6. Enumerate two drugs belonging to different classes used for the following conditions and explain the mechanism of action of any one of them: 6A. Peptic ulcer 6B. Bronchial asthma 6C. HIV infection (3x3 = 9 marks) 7. Explain two therapeutically usefuul pharmacological actions of aspirin (3 marks) 8. Write short notes on the following: 8A, Conscious sedation 8B. Bisbiguanides as antiplaque agents (3%2= 6 marks) Page 1 of | i T =e T [Reg. No. | [ I MANIPAL UNIVERSITY BDS PHASE-I, YEAR-2 DEGREE EXAMINATION - SEPTEMBER 2012 SUBJECT: PHARMACOLOGY - II (MCQs) Thursday, September 13, 2012 ‘Time: 11:00~ 11:30 Hrs. Max. Marks: 60 INSTRUCTIONS 1. Foreach statement, select T (True) or F (False) as your choice. 2, Indicate your choice by darkening the appropriate circle in the answer sheet provided. Use only HB or 2B pencils to darken the circle. 4. Leave blank for Don’t Know response. 5. Scoring systems is as follows: For every Correct response. 1 mark is awarded For every Wrong response 0.5 mark is deducted For every Don’t Know response No mark is deducted 6. Indicate your roll number (Registration Number) clearly and correctly. 7. Donot write anything in the question paper 8. The true/false statements are numbered 101 to 160 (Total 60 statements), 9. This question paper contains 02 pages. Please make sure that the question paper provided to you has all the pages, intramuscular route of drug Following antibiotics are bacteriostatic at istration therapeutic doses 101, Absorption of drug is slower as compared 111, Sulfonamides to subcutaneous route 112. Tetracyctines 102, Mild irritant drugs can be given 113. Cephalosporins 103. Self-administration is possible 114, Quinolones Following are the phase IT biotransformation ‘Metronidazole reactions 115. Acts by damaging microbial DNA 104, Oxidation 116. Causes metallic taste 105. Acetylation 117, Is useful for the treatment of acute 106. Reduction ulcerative gingivitis 107. Glucuronidation 118, Causes pseudomembranous enterocolitis Regarding bioavailability Regarding astringents 108. Drug administered by intravenous route has 119. They act by precipitating proteins in 100% bioavailability superficial cells of skin 109. Liver disease decreases the bioavailability 120. ‘They protect against bacteria and irritants of drugs having high first pass metabolism 121, They increase exudation 110. Enterohepatie cycling increases the 122. Zinc salt astringents can stain the tecth bioavailability of drags Page 1 of 2 123. Is used for induction of anaesthesia 124, Is a potent analgesic 125. Has weak muscle relaxant action 126. s suitable for outpatient surgery Oral problems associated with cancer chemotherapy include 127. Xerostomia 128, Dental caries 129. Gingival hyperplasia 130. Stomatitis, Following are the therapeutic uses of alpha blockers 131, Phaeochromocytoma 132, Asa nasal decongestant 133, Benign prostatic hyperplasia Carbamazepine 134, Delays the recovery of Na channels from inactivated state 135, Is effective in absence seizures 136, Can cause bone marrow depression 137. Is used for trigeminal neuralgia Antidepressants include 138, Amitriptyline 139, Clozapine 140. Fluoxetine 141, Bupropion Digoxin 142, Acts by activating Na'K“ATPase 143. Is used for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 144, Decreases urine output 145, Causes Gl irritation Following drugs are correctly matched with their adverse effects 146, Enalapril: dry cough 147, Alpha methyldopa: gynaecomestia 148, Verapamil: Diarthoea 149, Frusemide: Hyperkalemia Rifampicin 150. Acts by inhibiting synthesis of mycolic acids 151. Causes hepatitis 152. Is used for leprosy 153. Isa microsomal enzyme inhibitor Regarding antidiabetic drugs 154. Sulfonylureas are effective in type 1 diabetes mellitus 153, Biguanides cause lactic acidosis 156, Thiazolidinediones increase insulin release from beta cells 157. Isulin glargine is a ultra-short acting insulin Fluconazole 158, Acts by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis 159, Is effective in oral candidiasis 160. Causes gynaecomastia in males LEO Page 2 of 2

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