ProfessionalGuidelinesof

EngineeringDesign:
Standards,Codes,Specificationsand
TechnicalRegulations
IbrahimTansel,SabriTosunoglu
DepartmentofMechanicalandMaterialsEngineering
FloridaInternationalUniversity
Miami,Florida
 Introduction
Almostalltheengineeringproductsarepreparedbyfollowinga
seriesofguidelinesincluding:
Standards
Codes
Specifications
TechnicalRegulations

Almostalltheengineeringproducts
Implicitlyuseproductspreparedbasedontheseguidelines
and/or
Explicitlydesignedbyconsideringoneormoreofthe
establishedguidelines
 ImplicitUseofGuidelines
Nominal ActualSize Weight
Size
(inxin) (mmxmm) (lb/ft)
(inxin)
1x1 3/4x3/4 19x19 0.14
1x2 3/4x11/2 19x38 0.27
1x3 3/4x 21/2 19x64 0.47
1x4 3/4x31/2 19x89 0.64
Whenyoubuylumber 1x6 3/4x51/2 19x140 1.00
fromHomeDepot,you
1x8 3/4x71/4 19x184 1.32
use:
AmericanSoftwood 1x10 3/4x91/4 19x235 1.69
LumberStandardsPS20
Natl.Inst.Stand.Tech(NationalInstituteof
Standards&TechnologyVoluntaryProduct
StandardPS2010
nol.Prod.Stand.PS2010,50pages(June
2010)
CODEN:NSPUE2)
 ImplicitUseofGuidelines

AmericanSoftwood
LumberStandards
PS20
(NationalInstituteof
Standards&Technology
VoluntaryProductStandard
PS2010
Natl.Inst.Stand.Technol.
Prod.Stand.PS2010,50
pages(June2010)
CODEN:NSPUE2)

Source:
http://www.alsc.org/greenbook%
20collection/ps20.pdf
 ImplicitUseofGuidelines

Whenyoubuy
screwsfromHome
Depot,youuse:

ISO68of
International
Organizationfor
Standardization
(ISO)

Imageistakenfrom:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_th
http://www.iso.org/iso/home/sto
read#mediaviewer/File:ISO_and_UTS_Thread_Dim
re/catalogue_ics.htm
ensions.svg
 ExplicitlyDesigningUsingGuidelines
Conventionalglassthicknessesofthewindowsare
determinedbyusingASTME1300standards.
MiamiDadeCountyapprovestheinstallationof
windowsaftertestingtheperformanceofproducts
withtestssuchas
1.MissileTests(impactrequirements)
LargeMissileTest(structuresupto30feetand
Designingawindow: above):24Lumbermissileweighing9poundsshot
ASTMInternational American fromacanonat50ft/sec
SocietyforTestingand twoimpacts
Materials (ASTM)until2001 SmallMissileTest(structures
and from30feetandabove)
MiamiDadeBuildingCode Ten2gramsteelballscannon
Testing testat89mph threeimpacts
http://www.miamidade.gov/bui 2.CyclicalTest(pressurerequirements)
lding/testing.asp 4,500positivecyclesinapressurechamber
4,500negativecyclesinapressure
chamber
ConsumerProductExample:Watches

Imageistakenfrom:
http://www.neomaxmaterials.co.jp/eng/pr0901.htm

Manyconsumerproductssuchaswatchesmaynotbedesignedfor
specificstandardsbutimplicitlyusethestandardsbyusingstandard
componentssuchasgears,batteries,materials,chipsandscrews.
 ConsumerProductExample:Watches
Someofthemechanical
watchmanufacturers
manufacturethewatches
explicitlytosatisfythetests
oftheContrle Officiel
SuissedesChronomtres
(COSC)andsellthemwith
COSC certificationafter
eachpieceistested.
COSC Standards(allunitsinseconds)
Mechanical
Averagedailyrate:4/+6
Meanvariationinrates:
Greatestvariationinrates:5
DifferencebetweenratesinH&V
posi ons:6/+8
Largestvariationinrates:10
Thermalvariation:0.6
Rateresumption:5
n/a
Quartz
Averagedailyrateat23C:0.07
Rateat8C:0.2
Rateat38C:0.2
Ratestability:0.05
Dynamicrate:0.05
Temporaryeffectofmechanical
shocks:0.05
Rateresumption:0.05
Residualeffectofmechanical
shocks:0.05;200shocks
equivalentto100 g (981 m/s,
3,217 ft/s)
 ConsumerProductExample:Watches
Divingwatch
manufacturers
designwatches
explicitlytosatisfy
ISO6425divewatch
standard.Onlyafter
thattheycancallthe
watchdiversordive
watch. JLC caliber758(above)
ObjectivesofEstablishingGuidelines

Thepurposeofestablishingstandards,codes,specificationsand
technicalregulations:

Toassurethesafeoperationofsystems
Toassurecompatibility
Toreducethecostbyallowingmanufacturerstousestandard
partswhichareproducedinverylargequantitiessuchasscrews,
bearings,gears,belts,chains,engineeringmaterials,etc.
Tosimplifyandreducethecostofmaintenanceandrepairs
definition Definitions
Standard:Documentapprovedbyarecognizedbody,thatprovidesfor
commonandrepeateduse,rules,guidelinesorcharacteristicsforproductsor
relatedprocessesandproductionmethods,withwhichcomplianceisnot
mandatory.Itmayalsoincludeordealexclusivelywithterminology,symbols,
packaging,markingorlabellingrequirementsastheyapplytoaproduct,
processorproductionmethod.
Code:Anysetofstandardssetforthandenforcedbyalocalgovernment
agencyfortheprotectionofpublicsafety,health,etc.,asinthestructural
safetyofbuildings(buildingcode),healthrequirementsforplumbing,
ventilation,etc.(sanitaryorhealthcode)andthespecificationsforfireescapes
orexits(firecode).
Specification:Anexplicitsetof requirements tobesatisfied byamaterial,
design,productorservice.
TechnicalRegulations:Documentwhichlaysdownproductcharacteristicsor
theirrelatedprocessesandproductionmethods,includingtheapplicable
administrativeprovisions,withwhichcomplianceismandatory.Itmayalso
includeordealexclusivelywithterminology,symbols,packaging,markingor
labelingrequirementsastheyapplytoaproduct,processorproduction
method. http://worldtradelaw.typepad.com/ielpblog/2012/01/moreontechnicalregulationsvsstandards.html,
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/code,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_(technical_standard )
MajorStandardDevelopmentOrganizations
(SDOs)EffectiveintheUSSystem*
Acronym Organizationname Keywords

AATCC TheAmericanAssociationofTextileChemists Textiles,textilecoloration,design,dyeing,finishing,

andColorists merchandising,testmethods,training,quality
control

AF&PA TheAmericanForestandPaperAssociation Wood,structuraldesign,construction,residential,

commercial,engineeredwoodproducts,structural
panels,framing,greenbuilding

AHRI AirConditioning,Heating,andRefrigeration Airconditioning,refrigeration,heating,ventilation,

Institute controls,boilers,furnaces

AIHA AmericanIndustrialHygieneAssociation Occupationalhealthandsafety,management

systems,respiratoryprotection,ventilation
systems,workersafety,industrialhygiene,
nanotechnology,riskmanagement,safety

AMT TheAssociationforManufacturing Machinetool,machine,metalcutting,metal

Technology forming,machinery,riskassessment,leanand
safety,manufacturing

ANS AmericanNuclearSociety Nuclear,radioactive,isotopes,criticality,neutron,

fissile,plutonium,uranium,radiation,reactors
 MajorStandardDevelopmentOrganizations
(SDOs)EffectiveintheUSSystem(continued)
Acronym Organizationname Keywords

AOCS AmericanOilChemistsSociety Fatsandfattyacids,oils,oilseeds,lipids,phospholipids

ASABE AmericanSocietyofAgriculturaland Agriculture,aquaculture,biological,biomass,energy,

BiologicalEngineers environment,equipment,foodirrigation,structures

ASHRAE ASHRAE Airconditioning,ventilation,sustainability,refrigeration,

greenbuilding,buildingcontrols,airquality,heating,building
energy,indoorenvironment

ASME AmericanSocietyofMechanical Boilers,PressureVessels,NuclearPower,PipelinesandPiping,

Engineers BioprocessingEquipment,GeometricDimensioningand
Tolerancing,DrawingsandTerminology,Elevatorsand
Escalators,CranesandHoists,Pumps,Valves,Fittings,Flanges
andGaskets

ASTM ASTMInternational American Petroleum,Steel,Construction,Mechanical,Cement,

SocietyforTestingandMaterials Environmental,Nuclear,Consumer,Paint,Plastic

ATIS TheAllianceforTelecommunications Perfomance,Reliability,andSecurity;Telecommunications

IndustrySolutions Interoperability;OAM&P;UserInterface;CircuitSwitchedand
PlantInfrastructure;Wireless;Multimedia;Optical
Communications;OrderingandBilling;PacketBased
Networks
 MajorStandardDevelopmentOrganizations
(SDOs)EffectiveintheUSSystem(continued)

Acronym Organizationname Keywords

AWS AmericanWeldingSociety Welding,brazing,soldering

CEA ConsumerElectronicsAssociation DTV,video,audio,mobileelectronics,consumerelectronics,

homenetworks,antenna,cable

CGA CompressedGasAssociation Compressedgas,cylinder,valve,medical,safety,pressure,air

separation

CRRC CoolRoofRatingCouncil Coolroof,radiativeproperties,solarreflectance,thermal

emittance,productrating,LEED

CSA CSAGroup Plumbing,hazloc,electricalappliances,lighting,energyefficiency,

medical,powertools,gasappliances,lawnand garden,hardlines

FM FMApprovalsLLC Buildingmaterials,fireprotectionandpreventionproducts,water
Approvals mist,hazardouslocationelectricalequipment,automatic
sprinklers,firepumps,roofingproducts,insulationmaterials,fire
extinguishing,detection,alarmandsignalingsystems
 MajorStandardDevelopmentOrganizations
(SDOs)EffectiveintheUSSystem(continued)
Acronym Organizationname Keywords

GreenSeal GreenSeal Sustainability,sustainable,hotels,personalcare,

green,environment,foodservice,buildingproducts,
lifecycle,cleaning

GTEEMC GeorgiaTechEnergy&Environmental Energymanagementsystems,energyefficiency

ManagementCenter

IAPMO TheInternationalAssociationofPlumbing backflowprevention,buildinginspection,drinking

andMechanicalOfficials water,HVAC,hydronics,mechanical,plumbing,solar
energy,swimmingpools

ICC InternationalCodeCouncil Buildingcode,buildingsafety,construction,fire

prevention,lifesafety,accessibility,ANSIA117,
bleachersafety

ICE InstituteforCredentialingExcellence Accreditation,certification,competency,credential,

licensure,NCCA

IIAR InternationalInstituteofAmmonia Ammonia,CO2,natural,refrigeration,technical,

Refrigeration guidelines,regulations,compliance,conference,
standards
 MajorStandardDevelopmentOrganizations
(SDOs)EffectiveintheUSSystem(continued)
Acronym Organizationname Keywords
IICRC InstituteofInspection,Cleaningand Moldremediation,carpetcleaning,floorcovering,water
RestorationCertification damagerestoration,inspection,traumascenecleanup,
hardsurfaces,restoration

ILTVA InternationalLightTransportationVehicle Golfcar,PersonalTransportVehicle(PTV)

Association

INCITS InterNationalCommitteeforInformation Informationtechnology,datainterchange,computer,

TechnologyStandards interoperability,communications,interface,data
storage,peripherals,biometrics,computersecurity

IPC TheAssociationConnectingElectronics Electronics,printedboards,electronicsmanufacturing,

Industries flexiblecircuits,circuitboards,printedboarddesign,
electronicsassembly,surfacemounttechnology,lead
free

ISA InternationalSocietyofAutomation Automation,Control,Enterprise,IndustrialProcess,

Instrumentation,Manufacturing,Measurement,Safety,
Security,Wireless

ITSDF IndustrialTruckStandardsDevelopment Forklifttrucks,roughterraintrucks,poweredindustrial

Foundation trucks
 MajorStandardDevelopmentOrganizations
(SDOs)EffectiveintheUSSystem(continued)

Acronym Organizationname Keywords

NEMA NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation Batteries,Electrical,IndustrialControl,Lighting,

LowVoltageEquipment,MediumVoltage
Equipment,MedicalImagining,Motors,
Transformers,WireandCable

NSF NSFInternational NationalSanitation Systemscertification;standards;accreditation;

FoundationInternational testing;water;food;safety;organic

PMI ProjectManagementInstitute ProjectManagement,PortfolioManagement,Risk

Management,Schedule

SAE SocietyofAutomotiveEngineers Automotive,Aerospace,Construction,Agricultural,

Machinery,Vehicles,Aviation,OffHighway,
CommercialVehicle

SCTE SocietyofCableTelecommunications Television,advertising,cable,network

Engineers management,digitalnetwork,connector,media,
voip,video,internet

SVIA SpecialtyVehicleInstituteofAmerica Allterrain,offroad,offhighway,utility,vehicle

 MajorStandardDevelopmentOrganizations
(SDOs)EffectiveintheUSSystem(continued)

Acronym Organizationname Keywords

TCIA TreeCareIndustryAssociation Treeservice,treecare,arboriculture,treecareindustry,

utilitypruning,treecaresafety,fertilization,treepruning,
vegetationmanagement,treemanagement

TIA TelecommunicationsIndustry Privateradio,cellulartowers,datacenters,sustainability,

Association publicpolicy,smartdevice,VoIP,broadband,mobile,
networking

UL UnderwritersLaboratories Alarm,appliance,electrical,fire,HVAC,information
technologyequipment,panelboard,plastics,sprinkler,
wire

(*)http://www.standardsportal.org/usa_en/resources/sdo.aspx
 OtherMajorSDOs

InternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO):ISOintroducesitself
asfollows:
ISO(InternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isan
independent,nongovernmentalmembershiporganizationand
the world'slargestdeveloperofvoluntaryinternationalstandards.
Wearemadeupofour 165membercountries whoarethenational
standardsbodiesaroundtheworld,witha CentralSecretariat thatis
basedinGeneva,Switzerland.Learnmoreaboutour structureand
howwearegovernedatwww.iso.org.
http://www.iso.org/iso/home/about.htm
 OtherMajorSDOs
Gosudarstvennyy Standart GovernmentsStandard,laternamed
Gosstandart (GOST):
GOST standardswereoriginallydevelopedbythegovernmentof
the SovietUnionaspartofitsnationalstandardizationstrategy.
LateritemergedasaregionalstandardsorganizationandnamedEuro
AsianCouncilforStandardization,MetrologyandCertification(EASC),
astandardsorganizationcharteredbytheCommonwealthof
IndependentStates.

http://gost.ru/wps/portal/pages/about?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/gost/g
ostru/aboutagency
 OtherMajorSDOs

EUROPEANSTANDARDS:
CSN EN Standards,EngineeringStandards
DINStandards
ISOStandards
ETSI Standards
IEC Standards
VDA Standards
http://www.enstandard.eu/store
 Conclusions
Almostalltheengineeringproductscurrentlyusepartsandmaterialsprepared
accordingtoadefinedsetofstandards.Useofstandardpartsgenerallyreduces
thecostandsimplifiesthemaintenanceoftheproduct.
Foreachdesignedproduct,investigationofapplicablestandards,codes,specsand
technicalregulationsareessential.Themarketsize,price,andoftenthelegalsale
ofaproductmaydependonthesatisfactionofproperengineeringstandards.
AllFIUMechanicalEngineeringSeniorDesignteamsarerequiredtodedicatea
portionoftheirseniordesignprojectpresentationsandreportstodiscussthe
engineeringstandardstheyadoptanduse.
Forthispurpose,teamswillinitiallyconductasurveyofapplicablestandardsas
partoftheliteraturesurvey,anddocumentthisinasectiontitledSurveyof
RelatedStandardsintheirseniordesignreports.
Additionally,asectiontitledStandardsUsedintheProjectinthechapterDesign
Experienceoftheseniordesignreportwilllistthespecificstandards,guidelines
andcodesusedintheproject.
ThestandardsusedwillalsobeincludedinteampresentationsmadetoIndustrial
AdvisoryBoardmembersanddepartmentfaculty.
FIU Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Miami Florida