SMART CARD based Access Control System

Features

1.Eight Devices can be access controlled.

2.Highly secured by RFID code and six digit password.
3.Different password for different devices.
4.Password can be changed at any time and are stored in serial EEPROM.
5.Relay status are stored in EEPROM and are retrieved upon power resumption.
6.System can operate without Serial EEPROM in default Mode.
7.Easy user Interface. a. Necessary informations are displayed on LCD.
b. Keypad Switches for Entering password and for navigating different
options.
PROJECT CYCLE
1. Specification of the Project.
2. PCB Layout.
3. Device Test.
4. Code Implementation.
5. Program Test.
6. Pilot Run.
7. Documentation.

Block diagram
Description

Microcontroller is the central component which controls all the activities like reading data) from matrix
keyboard and RFID reader , writing and reading data to/from EEPROM, displaying information on
LCD(Liquid Crystal Display), controlling buzzer and Relay.

In order to do all the activities a program (sequence of instruction) must be written for the
microcontroller. This program is called firmware. In order to execute the program, Microcontroller
requires basic configuration like 5V regulated power supply, clock, and reset circuit.

16*2 (2 line of 16 character) LCD is used for displaying temperature and relay status. It provides easy
user interface. It needs to initialize before displaying data. This initialization is done by Microcontroller.

Relay is used to control external device. (Cooler/heater) Since microcontroller does not provide
sufficient current, hence relay driver is required.

4*3 matrix keyboard is used to enter password and to control devices, 4*3 matrix keyboard requires
only 7 I/O lines, where as the line keyboard requires 12 I/O lines.

EEPROM is used to store password and relay status, since the Microcontroller does not have built in
EEPROM.

Buzzer is used for audio indication for on going activities.

RFID reader module is shown in figure is used to read the tag ID. RFID Proximity OEM Reader Module
has a built-in antenna in minimized form factor. It is designed to work on the industry standard carrier
frequency of 125 kHz.

The tag data is sent to the host systems via the wired communication.

The LF DT125R module is best suited for applications in Access Control,

Time and Attendance, Asset Management, Handheld Readers, Immobilizers, and other RFID enabled
applications. The main features of the module are as follows -

Selectable UART or Wigand26

Plug-and-Play, needs +5V to become a reader
No repeat reads
LED/Beeper indicates tag reading operation
Excellent read performance without an external circuit
Compact size and cost-effective
A very efficient module for portable readers.

Microcontroller and ICs requires 5V regulated power supply, which is obtained from 230V AC by
using step down transformer , rectifier, filter and regulators.

Software
 1. KEIL Uv2 IDE

2. ATMEL PROGRAMMER.

Tools for schematic design

1. CAPTURE CIS (ORCAD)

Hardware

1. ATMEL 89C51 controller,

2. AT 24C02 SERIAL EEPROM,

3. SMART CARD READER,

4. SMART CARDS,

5. LCD,

6. PCB for microcontroller unit, Reset switches, resistors etc,

7. RELAY,

8. Crystal 11.0592 MHz

Working Principle
After applying the power to the system, the microcontroller resets because of power on reset
configuration and initializes the communication for EEPROM and RFID reader module, then initializes
the ports for matrix Keyboard and motor driver IC.

Then it checks for the EEPROM, if programmed EEPROM is detected it retrieves the data (password
and system parameters) and updates the registers. If new EEPROM is detected, the default data are
stored in EEPROM.

If there is error in EEPROM, it operates in default mode, and waits until for tag detection.
The tag data is read by the module in-turn microcontroller reads the data from UART. The tag data is
compared, if its matched it reads the password from the keyboard and then the password is correct, the
motor can be accessed.