HEIGHT INCLUDED IN BASEMENT ???

WHY

As per IS 1893-2002 part 1 -clause 7.6.1 it is stated that

h = Height of building, in m. This excludes the basement storeys, where basement walls are connected with the
ground floor deck or fitted between the building columns.

But it includes the basement storeys, when they are not so connected.

From the above it is that we can consider the height above ground level.But to consider height from basement
which is on safer side.

In IS 1893 clause 7.6.1, where fundamental natural period is defined, the provision defining the height of the
structure for calculating the time period is not very clearly defined as it creates confusion in the
interpretation of height in the minds of the designer.

Now a days there are high rise buildings in which provision is given for basement floors upto 3 or 4 basement
floors which are utilized either for car parking , in some cases as mechanical service floors and also for
water tanks and treatment plants. But the columns supporting the superstructure are taken from the lowest
basement floor from the foundations , either piles or raft or other type of foundations.

Invariably there will be connection between basement floor and the ground floor in almost all structures with
basement floors.
Cl. 7.6.1 defines the height of the structure 'h' excluding basement storeys if the basement walls are
connected with the ground floor and it includes the basement floors if they are not so connected.
This explanation seems un- convincing and unacceptable as there is always connection between basement
floors and ground floor some how or other in all practical cases.
The time period and the natural frequency of the structure is calculated based on the height of the structure .
The vibrations of the earthquake travel to the soils surrounding the structure thru S waves or P waves from
the epi centre or focus and it will affect the basement of the structure very much ; but not to the same
intensity as the superstructure, as there will be some damping due to soil surrounding the basement.

it is that we can consider the height above ground level.if the following elements guidance.But to consider height
from basement is done to be on safer side.

1. Location of the grade relative to floors

2. Soil conditions adjacent to the buildings

3. Opening in basement walls

4. location and extent of seismic force resisting system

5. location of extent of seismic separations

6. Depth of basement
7. Manner in which basement walls are supported

8. proximity to adjacent buildings

9. slope of ground.

If there is doubt as to where to locate base point, it should generally be taken at the lower elevation.
This is my humble view on this matter, Hope its the right way to design for lateral force
 BASEMENT
WALL
Design Data
UNITS
1 Height of Earth to be Retained 2.85 m
2 Angle of Repose, 30 DEGREE
0.52 RADIANS
REF. TABLE
3 Coeff. Of Friction b/w Soil & Concrete, 0.45 1
4 Gross Safe Bearing Capacityof Soil 150 kN/m2
5 Unit Weight of soil, s 19.2 kN/m3
6 Depth of Foundation 0.90 m
7 P.C.C Below Footing 0.075 m
8 Surcharge Angle, 0 DEGREE
9 Earth Pressure Coeff., Active 0.33
10 Earth Pressure Coeff., Passive 3.0
11 Total Height of basement Wall 2.85 m

Material Used
Concrete Grade M 20
Steel Grade Fe 500
Unit Weight of R.C.C 25 kN/m3
Section of Retaining Wall

Thickness of Base Slab 0.7 m

Length of Base Slab, B 1.5 m
Length of Heel Slab 1.27 m
Stem Thickness 0.23 m

Height of Wall Above Base Slab, h 3.60 m

Stability Checks Table-2

S.No Designation Force,KN Dis. from Heel,m Moment,KNm

1 Weight of Soil above Heal (W1) 87.660 0.64 55.66
2 Weight of Stem (W2) 20.671 1.39 28.63
3 Weight of Base Slab (W3) 26.250 0.75 19.69
4 Pa 12.715 1.43 18.20

Total (W) 134.58 122.185

* Note Passive Earth Pressure Not Consireded.
 Dis. Of Point of Application of Resultant Force 0.91 m
from Heel end, Z
< B/6
Eccentricity e=Z-B/2 0.16 = 0.250
Eccentricity less then B/6, so there is no uplifting, Hence Safe

Extreme Earth Pressure at the Base, W/B(16e/B)

Minimum Pressure 33.06 kN/m2
Maximum Pressure 146.38 kN/m2
Maximum Pressure less than SBC hence safe

Check for Overturn

Resisting Moment about Toe, Mr 79.69 KNm
Overturning Moment about Toe, Mo 18.203 KNm
Factor of Safety against Overturning, 0.9*Mr/Mo 3.939951
Factor of Safety greater than 1.4 hence safe

Check for Sliding

Resisting Force Due to Overlying Weight, W 47.10361 KN
Sliding Force, Pa (Active Pressure Force) 12.71 KN
Coefficient of Sliding Friction, Fs 3.33 KN
Factor of Safety greater then 1.4 hence safe

3 Required Distribution Steel: 276 mm2/m

Diameter of Bar 8 mm
Area of Bar 50.27 mm2
Required Spacing of 8 Dia Bars 182 mm C/C
Provide 10 mm Dia Bars @ 150 mm C/C near each face

4 Calculation of Steel at Outer Face

Provide min. % of Steel at Outer Face

Required Percentage of Steel 0.12%
Ast Required 216 mm2/m
Diameter of Bar 10 mm
Area of Bar 78.54 mm2
Required Spacing of 10 Dia Bars 364 mm C/C
Provide 12 mm Dia Bars @ 200 mm C/C