Course105

IntroductiontoHazard
Communication

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OSHAcademyCourse105StudyGuide
IntroductiontoHazardCommunication
Copyright2017GeigleSafetyGroup,Inc.

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Disclaimer

Thisdocumentdoesnotconstitutelegaladvice.Consultwithyourowncompanycounselforadviceoncompliancewithallapplicablestateand
federalregulations.NeitherGeigleSafetyGroup,Inc.,noranyofitsemployees,subcontractors,consultants,committees,orotherassignees
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thatanemployer,employee,operatororcontractorwillbeincompliancewithapplicableregulations.Ultimatelyeverycompanyisresponsible
fordeterminingtheapplicabilityoftheinformationinthisdocumenttoitsownoperations.Eachemployerssafetymanagementsystemwillbe
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complianceregulatoryrequirements.

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Contents

ModulesandLearningObjectives..................................................................................................1

Module1ControlsandLabeling...............................................................................................1

Module2SafetyDataSheets(SDS)..........................................................................................1

Module1:ControlsandLabeling....................................................................................................2

Introduction................................................................................................................................2

OSHA'sTop10.............................................................................................................................2

TheHazardCommunicationStandard........................................................................................3

TheGHSProcess.........................................................................................................................3

GlobalHarmonizationSystem(GHS)..........................................................................................4

HazardousSubstancesandChemicals........................................................................................5

FormsofHazardousChemicals...................................................................................................6

ChemicalEffects..........................................................................................................................7

RoutesofEntry............................................................................................................................7

ChemicalHazardControlStrategies...........................................................................................8

TypesofContainersandLabels..................................................................................................9

ShippedPrimaryContainerLabelRequirements...................................................................10

WorkplaceorSecondaryContainerLabeling...........................................................................11

PortableContainerLabeling.....................................................................................................12

LabelingSolidMaterials............................................................................................................13

HCS2012PictogramRequirements..........................................................................................13

HCSPictogramsandHazards....................................................................................................14

Module2:SafetyDataSheets......................................................................................................16

TheSDSForm............................................................................................................................16

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SDSManagement......................................................................................................................21

EmployerResponsibilities.........................................................................................................22

TrainingRequirements..............................................................................................................23

TrainingTopics..........................................................................................................................24

TrainingatMultiEmployerWorksites......................................................................................25

TrainingTemporaryEmployees................................................................................................25

TrainingforEmergencies..........................................................................................................26

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Modules and Learning Objectives

Module1ControlsandLabeling

Learningobjectivesinthismoduleinclude:

DescribethebasicsectionsoftheHCS2012standard.

DescribebenefitsoftheGlobalHarmonizedSystemofClassificationandLabelingof
Chemicals(GHS).

Define"hazardoussubstances"andgiveexamplesofphysicalandhealthhazards.

Describethechemicaleffectsandfourprimaryroutesofentrywhenemployeesare
exposed.

Discussthe"HierarchyofControls"forcontrollingchemicalhazards.

Listthetypesofchemicalcontainersandthelabelingrequirementsforeachtype.

DescribethenineHCSpictogramsandthehazardstheyrepresent.

Module2SafetyDataSheets(SDS)

Learningobjectivesinthismoduleinclude:

Discussthepurposeofthesafetydatasheet(SDS).

DescribetheSDSrequirementsformanufacturers,distributors,importersand
employers.

Listanddescribeeachoftherequired16sectionsoftheSDS.

DiscussemployeetrainingrequirementsfortheHCS2012program.

DiscussHCS2012requirementsonmultiemployerworksites.

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Module 1: Controls and Labeling

Introduction

Morethan30millionworkersarepotentiallyexposedtooneormorechemicalhazardsinthe
workplace.Thereareanestimated650,000existinghazardouschemicalproductsandhundreds
ofnewonesarebeingintroducedannually.Thisposesaseriouschallengeforemployersaswell
asahealthandsafetyhazardforexposedemployees.

Becauseoftheseriousnessofthesesafetyandhealthproblems,andbecausemanyemployers
andemployeesknowlittleornothingaboutthem,OSHAissuedtheoriginalHazard
CommunicationStandard(HCS)in1994.Thebasicgoalofthestandardistobesureemployers
andemployeesknowaboutworkhazardsandhowtoprotectthemselves;thisshouldhelpto
reducetheincidenceofchemicalsourceillnessandinjuries.Asyoucanseebelow,Hazard
CommunicationisclosetothetopofOSHA'sTop10CitedStandardsandisconsistentlyator
nearthetopeachyear.

OSHA'sTop10

Thefollowingwerethetop10mostfrequentlycitedstandardsbyFederalOSHAinfiscalyear
2016:

Fallprotection

Hazardcommunication

Scaffolding

Respiratoryprotection

Controlofhazardousenergy(lockout/tagout)

Poweredindustrialtrucks

Ladders,construction

Machineguarding(machines,generalrequirements,generalindustry)

Electrical,wiringmethods,componentsandequipment

Electricalsystemsdesign,generalrequirements

InMarch2012,theOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA)reviseditsHazard
CommunicationStandardtoalignitwiththeUnitedNationsGloballyHarmonizedSystemof
ClassificationandLabelingofChemicals(GHS)

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ThiscoursewilldiscussOSHA's2012HazardCommunicationStandardandhowemployeescan
protectthemselvesfromthedangersofhazardouschemicalsintheirworkenvironment.

TheHazardCommunicationStandard

Ifyou'reexposedtohazardouschemicalsatwork,OSHA'sHazardCommunicationStandard(29
CFR1910.1200)willhelpyouidentifythehazardsofthosematerialsandhowtousethem
safely.Youremployermustalsoteachyouabouttheprotectivemeasureswhenworkingwith
hazardouschemicals.Whenyouhavethisimportantinformation,youwillbeabletotakesteps
toprotectyourselffromthenegativeeffectscausedbyaccidentalexposure.

TheGHSProcess

OSHA'sHazardCommunicationStandard(HCS)requiresemployersandmanufacturersto
developanddistributechemicalinformationasdescribedbelow:

Chemicalmanufacturersandimportersmustclassifythehazardsofthechemicalsthey
produceorimport,andpreparelabelsandsafetydatasheetstoconveythehazard
informationtotheirdownstreamcustomers.

Employerswithclassifiedhazardouschemicalsintheirworkplacesmusthavelabelsand
safetydatasheetsfortheirexposedworkers,andtrainworkerstosafelyhandlethose
chemicals.

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Asmentionedabove,thestandardrequiresyouremployertoprovideinformationto
employeesaboutthehazardouschemicalstowhichtheyareexposed,bymeansof:

1. Ahazardcommunicationprogram,

2. labelsandotherformsofwarning,

3. safetydatasheets,and

4. informationandtraining.

Employerswhodonotproduceorimportchemicalsneedonlyfocusonthosepartsofthisrule
thatdealwithestablishingaworkplaceprogramandcommunicatinginformationtotheir
workers.

QuizInstructions

Aftereachsection,thereisaquizquestion.Makesuretoreadthematerialineachsectionto
discoverthecorrectanswertothesequestions.Circlethecorrectanswer.Whenyouare
finishedgoonlinetotakethefinalexam.Thisexamisopenbook,soyoucanusethisstudy
guide.

1.Employersmustprovideinformationtoemployeesaboutthehazardouschemicalsto
whichtheyareexposed,byeachofthefollowingmeans,EXCEPT_____.

a. informationandtraining
b. labelsandotherformsofwarning
c. walkaroundinspections
d. safetydatasheets

GlobalHarmonizationSystem(GHS)

ThenewHCS2012isnowalignedwiththeUnitedNationsGloballyHarmonizedSystemof
ClassificationandLabelingofChemicals(GHS)thatprovidesmanybenefits,including:

Providingacommonandcoherentapproachtoclassifyingchemicalsand
communicatinghazardinformationonlabelsandsafetydatasheets;

Improvingthequalityandconsistencyofhazardinformationintheworkplace;

Helpingreducetradebarriers;

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ProductivityimprovementsforAmericanbusinessesthatregularlyhandle,store,and
useclassifiedhazardouschemicals;

ProvidingcostsavingsforAmericanbusinessesthatperiodicallyupdatesafetydata
sheetsandlabelsforclassifiedchemicals.

Historicalnote:TheoldHCS1994gaveworkerstherighttoknow,butthenewHCS2012gives
workerstherighttounderstand:thisisaveryimportantchangeinOSHA'sapproach.

2.TheHCS2012providesacommonandcoherentapproachto_____chemicalsand
communicatinghazardinformation.

a. classifying
b. distributing
c. manufacturing
d. importing

HazardousSubstancesandChemicals

OSHAhasdefinedtheterm"substances"aschemicalelementsandtheircompoundsinthe
naturalstateorobtainedbyanyproductionprocess,includinganyadditivenecessaryto
preservethestabilityoftheproductandanyimpuritiesderivingfromtheprocessused,but
excludinganysolventwhichmaybeseparatedwithoutaffectingthestabilityofthesubstance
orchangingitscomposition.

ForthepurposesoftheHCS,ahazardouschemicalmeansanychemicalwhichisclassifiedasa
physicalhazardorahealthhazard,asimpleasphyxiant,combustibledust,pyrophoricgas,or
hazardnototherwiseclassified.

Physicalhazardsachemicalthatisclassifiedasposingoneofthefollowinghazardouseffects:

explosive

flammable(gases,aerosols,liquids,orsolids)

oxidizer(liquid,solidorgas)

selfreactive;pyrophoric(liquidorsolid)

selfheating

organicperoxide

corrosivetometal

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gasunderpressure

orincontactwithwateremitsflammablegas

SeeAppendixBto1910.1200PhysicalHazardCriteria.

Healthhazardmeansachemicalwhichisclassifiedasposingoneofthefollowinghazardous
effects:

acutetoxicity(anyrouteofexposure)

skincorrosionorirritation

seriouseyedamageoreyeirritation

respiratoryorskinsensitization

germcellmutagenicity

carcinogenicity

reproductivetoxicity

specifictargetorgantoxicity(singleorrepeatedexposure)or

aspirationhazard

Thecriteriafordeterminingwhetherachemicalisclassifiedasahealthhazardaredetailedin
1910.1200,AppendixAHealthHazardCriteria.

3.UndertheHCS2012,whichofthefollowingisanexampleofaphysicalhazard?

a. Reproductivetoxicity
b. Skinirritant
c. Corrosivetometal
d. Carcinogen

FormsofHazardousChemicals

Youmightthinkthatthechemicalswhichapplytotherulearethoseinliquid,gasorparticulate
form.But,thestandard'sdefinitionof"chemical"ismuchbroaderthanthatcommonlyused.
AccordingtotheHCS,chemicalsthatapplymayexistinoneofmanyforms:

Dustsarefinelydividedparticles.Examplewooddust.

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Fumesareevensmallerparticlesusuallyformedwhensolidmetalisheatedand
vaporized,andthencondensesastinyparticles.

Fibersaresimilartodustsbutareofanelongatedshape.Examplesasbestosand
fiberglass.

Mistsareliquiddropletsthathavebeensprayedintotheatmosphere.

Vaporsaregasesformedwhenliquidevaporates.

Gasesaresubstancesthatarenormallyairborneatroomtemperature.Avaporisthe
gaseousphaseofasubstancewhichisanormallyaliquidorsolidatroomtemperature.

Solidssuchasmetal,treatedwood,plastic.

Liquidsthemostcommonformintheworkplace.

4.Whichofthefollowingaresmallparticles,usuallyformedwhensolidmetalisheated
andvaporizedandthencondensesastinyparticles?

a. Mists
b. Vapors
c. Gases
d. Fumes

ChemicalEffects

Theeffectschemicalshaveonthevariousorgansofthehumanbodydependonseveral
importantfactors:

1. Theformofthechemical:Isthechemicalasolid,liquid,orgas?

2. Therouteofentry:Howdoesthechemicalcontactthebody?Isitingested,inhaled,
absorbedorinjected?

3. Thedose:Howmuchchemicalmakesitswayintothebody?

4. Thetoxicity:Howpoisonousisthechemical?

RoutesofEntry

Anotherimportanttaskwhenassessingtheworkplaceforchemicalhazardsistodeterminethe
route(s)ofentrythechemicalsmaytake.Ifweknowtheroute(s)ofentry,wecanthen

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determineappropriateengineering,administrative,andPPEcontrolstoeliminateorreducethe
exposure.Thefourcommonroutesofentryare:

1. Ingestion:Doweeatordrinkit?

2. Inhalation:Dowebreatheitin?Thisisthemostcommonrouteofentry.

3. Absorption:Doesitpassthroughtheskin,eyesorothermembranes?

4. Injection:Doesitenterthroughapunctureorcut?

5.Whatisthemostcommonrouteofentryforhazardoussubstances?

a. Ingestion
b. Inhalation
c. Absorption
d. Injection

ChemicalHazardControlStrategies

Hazardoussubstancescanbeusedsafelyinworkplacesifadequatecontrolstrategiesareused
topreventexposuretothosechemicals.Toeliminateorreduceexposuretohazardous
chemicals,aneffectiveprotocolcalledthe"HierarchyofControls"hasbeendeveloped.When
youdetermineduringaworkplaceassessmentthatexposuretoharmfullevelsofhazardous
chemicalsispresent,trytoeliminateorreducethatexposureusingthefollowingstrategiesin
thefollowingorder:

Thefirstthreestrategiesfocusondoingsomethingwiththehazard.

1. Elimination:Thebestsolutionistoeliminatehazardoussubstancesintheworkplace.

2. Substitution:Substitutionisthenextbestsolution.Replaceatoxicsubstancewitha
lesstoxicsubstance.Ifyoucan'tgetridofthetoxicsubstances,youmaybeableto
replacethemwithsubstancesthatareatleastlesstoxic.

3. EngineeringControls:Redesignormodifyprocessesthatusetoxicchemicalsto
eliminateorreduceexposuretothechemicalhazarditself.

Thelasttwostrategiesfocusondoingsomethingwithbehaviorstoreduceexposuretothe
hazard.

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4. AdministrativeControls:Changeworkprocedurestoreducetheduration,frequency,
andseverityofexposuretothechemicalhazard.Thechemicalhazard,itself,isnot
eliminatedorreducedusingthisstrategy.Theprimaryfocusistoincorporatesaferwork
practicesthroughwrittensafetypolicies,rules,supervisionandtraining.Andthatisa
problembecauseyoumayhavetoregularlysuperviseemployeesastheyperforma
task.Thesecontrolsworkonlysolongasemployeesactproperly.

5. PersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE):TheuseofPPEisprobablythemostcommon
strategy,andmandatorywhenworkingwithhazardouschemicals.PPEformsabarrier
betweenworkerandhazard.Onceagain,thechemicalhazardisneithereliminatednor
reduced,andahighrelianceisplacedonappropriateuseofPPEforthisstrategytobe
successful.

Remember,thefirstquestionyouwanttoaskis,"HowcanIeliminate,reduce,orengineerout
thehazard?"Hopefullyyouwillbeabletoeliminatethehazardorreduceittothepointwhere
safebehaviorsorPPEwon'tbenecessary.

6.UndertheHierarchyofControls,elimination,substitution,andengineeringcontrolsare
givenhigherprioritybecause_____.

a. theyaremosteffectiveinmanipulatingbehaviors
b. theyfocusonthegreatestnumberofcausesforaccidents
c. theyareusedwhenbehaviorscan'tbeeffectivelycontrolled
d. theyfocusondoingsomethingwiththehazard

TypesofContainersandLabels

Containerlabelingcanbeaveryeffectivemethodtocommunicatethephysicalandhealth
hazardsofchemicalsusedintheworkplace.Theinformationonacontainerlabelwillvary
dependingonwhattypeofcontaineritisandhowitisused.Wewilldiscusslabeling
requirementsundertheHCS2012labelingrequirementsinthismodule.

Wewilllookatthelabelingrequirementsforeachofthefourtypesofcontainerslistedbelow:

shipped/primarycontainers

workplace/secondarycontainers

stationarycontainers

portablecontainers

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Tolearnmoreaboutthefourtypesofcontainerlabelsandassociatedrequirements,download
theOSHABrief,HazardCommunicationStandard:LabelsandPictograms.

7.AllthefollowingaretypesofcontainersdescribedwithintheHCS2012,EXCEPT_____.

a. inflatablecontainers
b. workplace/secondarycontainers
c. shipped/primarycontainers
d. portablecontainers

ShippedPrimaryContainerLabelRequirements

UnderthenewHCS2012,labelsoncontainersshippedfrommanufacturersordistributorsmust
belabeled,taggedormarkedwiththefollowingsixitems:

1. ProductIdentifierThisshouldincludethechemicalidentityofthesubstance.

2. SignalWordSignalwordsusedinGHSare"Danger"and"Warning."Dangerisforthe
moreseverehazardcategories.

3. HazardStatementsThisisaphraseassignedtoahazardclassandcategorythat
describesthenatureofthehazardsofahazardousproduct,andthedegreeofthe
hazard.

4. PictogramsTheseincludesymbolsplusotherelements,suchasaborder,background
patternorcolorthatconveysspecificinformation.

5. PrecautionaryStatementsThesearephrases(and/orpictograms)thatdescribethe
recommendedmeasurestominimizeorpreventadverseeffectsresultingfrom
exposuretoahazardousproduct.

6. SupplierIdentificationIncludesthename,addressandtelephonenumberofthe
manufacturerorsupplierofthesubstanceormixture.

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WorkplaceorSecondaryContainerLabeling

Mostemployersusetheprimarycontainerstheypurchasetostoreandusechemicals.
However,theymayalsousetheirowncontainerssuchascoffeecans,drums,plasticjugs,spray
bottles,etc.tostoreandusesmallerquantitiesofchemicalstheypurchase.Thesearecalled
workplaceorsecondarycontainers.

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Makesureyoursecondarycontainersareproperlylabeled,notonly
toprotectemployees,buttoavoidOSHAcitations.Oneofthemost
frequentcitationsrelatedtoHCS2012is"improperlylabeled
secondarycontainers."OSHAseesthisfrequently,andwhatever
OSHAseesthemost,theycitethemost:Rememberthat.

Theemployermustensurethateachworkplaceorsecondary
containerofhazardouschemicalsintheworkplaceislabeled,
taggedormarkedwitheither:

Theinformationrequiredonshippedcontainerlabels;or,

Productidentifierandwords,pictures,symbols,or
combinationthereof,whichprovideatleastgeneralinformationregardingthehazards
ofthechemicals,andspecificinformationregardingthephysicalandhealthhazardsof
thehazardouschemical.

8.WhatisthemostcommonOSHAcitationrelatedtotheHCS2012standard?

a. LackofproperSDSdocumentation
b. Useofprimarycontainersintheworkplace
c. Improperlylabeledsecondarycontainers
d. Insufficientpersonalprotectiveequipment

PortableContainerLabeling

Itisimportanttoknowthatportablecontainersmustbeunderthepositivecontrolofthe
employeeusingit.Iftheemployeewalksawayfromthecontainerandlosescontrolofthe
chemical,itmustbelabeledasaworkplace/secondarycontainer.

Portablecontainersareusedtotransferhazardouschemicalsfromlabeledcontainers,andare
intendedonlyfortheimmediateuseoftheemployeewhoperformsthetransfer.Theemployer
isnotrequiredtolabelportablecontainersintowhichhazardouschemicalsaretransferred
fromlabeledcontainers,andwhichareintendedonlyfortheimmediateuseoftheemployee
whoperformsthetransfer.

Drugswhicharedispensedbyapharmacytoahealthcareproviderfordirectadministrationto
apatientareexemptedfromlabeling.

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LabelingSolidMaterials

Forsolidmetal(suchasasteelbeamorametalcasting),solidwood,orplasticitemsthatare
notexemptedasarticlesduetotheirdownstreamuse,orshipmentsofwholegrain,the
requiredlabelmaybetransmittedtothecustomeratthetimeoftheinitialshipment,andneed
notbeincludedwithsubsequentshipmentstothesameemployerunlesstheinformationon
thelabelchanges.

Forexample,treatedlumberiscoveredsincethelumberisnotcompletelycuredatthetimeof
shipmentandthehazardouschemicalwill,toavaryingdegree,offgasduringshipmentandbe
availableforexposuretoemployees.Railroadtiestreatedwithcreosoteshouldhavean
accompanyingsafetydatasheet(SDS)whenshipped.

9.Whywouldtreatedlumberberequiredtohaveashipped/primarylabelwithinitial
shipment?

a. Employeescouldbeexposedtochemicaloffgas
b. Becauseallsolidmaterialmustbelabeled
c. Thelumberisnotconsideredtobeasolid
d. Sincethelumbermightburn,itneedsalabel

HCS2012PictogramRequirements

TheHCS2012requiresGHSpictogramsonlabelstoalertusersofthechemicalhazardstowhich
theymaybeexposed.Eachpictogramconsistsofasymbolonawhitebackgroundframed
withinaredborderandrepresentsadistincthazard(s).Thepictogramonthelabelis
determinedbythechemicalhazardclassification.

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HCSPictogramsandHazards

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10.Ifyousawacontainerwithapictogramwithaskullandcrossbones,whatwouldit
meantoyou?

a. Targetorgantoxicity
b. Acutetoxicity(fatalortoxic)
c. Carcinogenic
d. Toxicnarcoticeffects

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Module 2: Safety Data Sheets

TheHCS2012requireschemicalmanufacturers,distributors,orimporterstoprovideSafety
DataSheets(SDSs)(formerlyMSDSsorMaterialSafetyDataSheets)foreachhazardous
chemicaltodownstreamuserstocommunicateinformationonthesehazards.

TheSDSincludesinformationsuchas:

thepropertiesofeachchemical;

thephysical,health,andenvironmentalhealthhazards;

protectivemeasures;and

safetyprecautionsforhandling,storing,andtransportingthechemical.

TheinformationcontainedintheSDSmustbeinEnglish(althoughitmaybeinotherlanguages
aswell).OSHArequiresthatSDSpreparersprovidespecificminimuminformationasdetailedin
AppendixDof29CFR1910.1200.TheSDSpreparersmayalsoincludeadditionalinformationin
varioussection(s).EmployersmustensurethatSDSsarereadilyaccessibletoemployees.

1.TheSafetyDataSheet(SDS)describesallthefollowing,EXCEPT_____.

a. thepropertiesofeachchemical
b. thephysical,health,andenvironmentalhealthhazards
c. reportinginstructionsfornoncompliance
d. theunionrepresentingtheemployee

TheSDSForm

TheHCS2012requiresnewSDSstobeinaconsistentuserfriendly,16sectionformat.The
SDSsmustincludethesectionnumbers,theheadings,andassociatedinformationunderthe
headingsbelow:

Section1:IdentificationThissectionidentifiesthechemicalontheSDSaswellasthe
recommendeduses.Italsoprovidestheessentialcontactinformationofthesupplier.The
requiredinformationconsistsof:

Productidentifierusedonthelabelandanyothercommonnamesorsynonymsby
whichthesubstanceisknown.

Name,address,phonenumberofthemanufacturer,importer,orotherresponsible
party,andemergencyphonenumber.

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Recommendeduseofthechemical(e.g.,abriefdescriptionofwhatitdoes,suchas
flameretardant)andanyrestrictionsonuse(includingrecommendationsgivenbythe
supplier).

Section2:Hazard(s)IdentificationThissectionidentifiesthehazardsofthechemical
presentedontheSDSandtheappropriatewarninginformationassociatedwiththosehazards.
Therequiredinformationconsistsof:

Thehazardclassificationofthechemical(e.g.,flammableliquid,category1).

Signalword,pictograms.

Hazardstatement(s),precautionarystatement(s).

Descriptionofanyhazardsnototherwiseclassified.

Section3:Composition/InformationonIngredientsThissectionidentifiestheingredient(s)
containedintheproductindicatedontheSDS,includingimpuritiesandstabilizingadditives.
Thissectionincludesinformationonsubstances,mixtures,andallchemicalswhereatrade
secretisclaimed.Therequiredinformationconsistsof:

SubstancesChemicalname;Commonnameandsynonyms;ChemicalAbstractsService
(CAS)numberandotheruniqueidentifiers;Impuritiesandstabilizingadditives,which
arethemselvesclassifiedandwhichcontributetotheclassificationofthechemical.

MixturesSameinformationrequiredforsubstances;chemicalnameandconcentration
(i.e.,exactpercentage)ofallingredientswhichareclassifiedashealthhazardsandare
presentabovetheircutoff/concentrationlimitsorahealthriskbelowthecut
off/concentrationlimits.Theconcentration(exactpercentages)ofeachingredient.

ChemicalswhereatradesecretisclaimedAstatementthatthespecificchemical
identityand/orexactpercentage(concentration)ofcompositionhasbeenwithheldasa
tradesecretisrequired.

Section4:FirstAidMeasuresThissectiondescribestheinitialcarethatshouldbegivenby
untrainedresponderstoanindividualwhohasbeenexposedtothechemical.Therequired
informationconsistsof:

Necessaryfirstaidinstructionsbyrelevantroutesofexposure(inhalation,skinandeye
contact,andingestion).

Descriptionofthemostimportantsymptomsoreffects,andanysymptomsthatare
acuteordelayed.

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Recommendationsforimmediatemedicalcareandspecialtreatmentneeded,when
necessary.

2.WhichSDSsectionwoulddisplaysignalwordsandpictograms?

a. Section1:Identification
b. Section2:Hazard(s)Identification
c. Section3:Composition/InformationonIngredients
d. Section4:FirstAidMeasures

Section5:FireFightingMeasuresThissectionprovidesrecommendationsforfightingafire
causedbythechemical.Therequiredinformationconsistsof:

Recommendationsofsuitableextinguishingequipment,andinformationabout
extinguishingequipmentthatisnotappropriateforasituation.

Adviceonspecifichazardsthatdevelopfromthechemicalduringthefire,suchasany
hazardouscombustionproductscreatedwhenthechemicalburns.

Recommendationsonspecialprotectiveequipmentorprecautionsforfirefighters.

Section6:AccidentalReleaseMeasuresThissectionprovidesrecommendationsonthe
appropriateresponsetospills,leaks,orreleases,includingcontainmentandcleanuppractices
topreventorminimizeexposuretopeople,properties,ortheenvironment.Therequired
informationmayconsistofrecommendationsfor:

Useofpersonalprecautionsandprotectiveequipmenttopreventthecontaminationof
skin,eyes,andclothing.

Emergencyprocedures,includinginstructionsforevacuations,consultingexpertswhen
needed,andappropriateprotectiveclothing.

Methodsandmaterialsusedforcontainment.

Cleanupprocedures.

Section7:HandlingandStorageThissectionprovidesguidanceonthesafehandlingpractices
andconditionsforsafestorageofchemicals.Therequiredinformationconsistsof:

Precautionsforsafehandling,includingrecommendationsforhandlingincompatible
chemicals,minimizingthereleaseofthechemicalintotheenvironment,andproviding
adviceongeneralhygienepractices.

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Recommendationsontheconditionsforsafestorage,includinganyincompatibilities.
Provideadviceonspecificstoragerequirements(e.g.,ventilationrequirements).

Section8:ExposureControls/PersonalProtectionThissectionindicatestheexposurelimits,
engineeringcontrols,andpersonalprotectivemeasuresthatcanbeusedtominimizeworker
exposure.Therequiredinformationconsistsof:

OSHAPermissibleExposureLimits(PELs),AmericanConferenceofGovernmental
IndustrialHygienists(ACGIH)ThresholdLimitValues(TLVs),andanyotherexposure
limits.

Appropriateengineeringcontrols.

Recommendationsformeasurestopreventillnessorinjuryfromexposuretochemicals,
suchaspersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE).

AnyspecialrequirementsforPPE,protectiveclothingorrespirators.

3.WhichSDSsectionincludescontainmentandcleanuppracticestopreventorminimize
exposuretopeople,properties,ortheenvironment?

a. Section5:FireFightingMeasures
b. Section6:AccidentalReleaseMeasures
c. Section7:HandlingandStorage
d. Section8:ExposureControls/PersonalProtection

Section9:PhysicalandChemicalPropertiesThissectionidentifiesphysicalandchemical
propertiesassociatedwiththesubstanceormixture.Theminimumrequiredinformation
consistsof:

Appearance(physicalstate,color,etc.);Odor;Odorthreshold;

pH;Meltingpoint/freezingpoint;Initialboilingpointandboilingrange;

Solubility(ies);Partitioncoefficient:noctanol/water;Flashpoint;Evaporationrate;

Flammability(solid,gas);Upper/lowerflammabilityorexplosivelimits;Relativedensity;

Vaporpressure;Vapordensity;Autoignitiontemperature;Decompositiontemperature;
andViscosity.

Section10:StabilityandReactivityThissectiondescribesthereactivityhazardsofthe
chemicalandthechemicalstabilityinformation.Thissectionisbrokenintothreeparts:
reactivity,chemicalstability,andother.Therequiredinformationconsistsof:

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ReactivityDescriptionofthespecifictestdataforthechemical(s).

ChemicalstabilityIndicationofwhetherthechemicalisstableorunstableunder
normaltemperatureandconditions.Descriptionofanystabilizers.Indicationofany
safetyissuesshouldtheproductchangeinphysicalappearance.

OtherIndicationofthepossibilityofhazardousreactionsandconditionsunderwhich
hazardousreactionsmayoccur.Listofallconditionsthatshouldbeavoided.Listofall
classesofincompatiblematerials.Listofanyknownoranticipatedhazardous
decompositionproducts.

Section11:ToxicologicalInformationThissectionidentifiestoxicologicalandhealtheffects
informationorindicatesthatsuchdataarenotavailable.Therequiredinformationconsistsof:

Informationonthelikelyroutesofexposure.TheSDSshouldindicateiftheinformation
isunknown.

Descriptionofthedelayed,immediate,orchroniceffectsfromshortandlongterm
exposure.

Thenumericalmeasuresoftoxicitytheestimatedamountofasubstanceexpectedto
kill50%oftestanimalsinasingledose(LD50).

Descriptionofthesymptoms.Thisdescriptionincludesthesymptomsassociatedwith
exposuretothechemicalincludingsymptomsfromthelowesttothemostsevere
exposure.

Indicationofwhetherthechemicalisapotentialcarcinogen.

Sections1215*Note:SinceotherAgenciesregulatethisinformation,OSHAdoesnotenforce
Sections12through15.

Section16:OtherInformationThissectionindicateswhentheSDSwaspreparedorwhenthe
lastknownrevisionwasmade.TheSDSmayalsostatewherethechangeshavebeenmadeto
thepreviousversion.Youmaywishtocontactthesupplierforanexplanationofthechanges.
Otherusefulinformationalsomaybeincludedhere.

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4.InwhichsectionoftheSDSwouldyoufindadescriptionofthedelayed,immediate,or
chroniceffectsfromshortandlongtermexposure?

a. Section9:PhysicalandChemicalProperties
b. Section10:StabilityandReactivity
c. Section11:ToxicologicalInformation
d. Section16:OtherInformation

SDSManagement

Belowaresomemoreimportantrequirementsmanufacturers,importersanddistributorsmust
meet.

Themanufacturerorimportermust:

PrepareoneSDSthatappliestoallsimilarmixtureswherecomplexmixtureshave
similarhazardsandcontents(i.e.thechemicalingredientsareessentiallythesame,but
thespecificcompositionvariesfrommixturetomixture).

EnsurethattheSDSinformationrecordedaccuratelyreflectsthescientificevidence
usedinmakingthehazardclassification.

AddnewinformationtotheSDSwithinsixmonthsafterbecomingawareofany
significantnewinformationregardingthehazardsofachemical,orwaystoprotect
againstthehazards.

Ifthechemicalisnotcurrentlybeingproducedorimported,addanynewinformationto
thematerialSDSbeforethechemicalisintroducedintotheworkplaceagain.

ProvideanappropriateSDSwiththeinitialshipment,withthefirstshipmentafteraSDS
isupdated,andasrequestedbytheemployerordistributor.

ProvideSDSswiththeshippedcontainers,orsendthemtotheotherdistributoror
employerpriortooratthetimeoftheshipment.

Retaildistributorssellinghazardouschemicalstoemployershavingacommercial
accountmust:

o provideaSDStosuchemployersuponrequest,and

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o postasignorotherwiseinformthemthataSDSisavailable.

5.HowsoonmustmanufacturersaddnewinformationtoanSDSafterbecomingawareof
anysignificantnewinformationregardingthehazardsofachemical,orwaystoprotect
againstthehazards?

a. Within30days
b. Withinsixmonths
c. Immediately
d. Assoonaspossible

EmployerResponsibilities

EmployersmustobtainaSDSfromthechemicalmanufacturerorimporterassoonas
possibleiftheSDSisnotprovidedwithashipmentthathasbeenlabeledasahazardous
chemical.

EmployersmustmaintainSDSsintheirworkplaceandmustensurethattheyare
readilyaccessibleduringeachworkshifttoemployeeswhentheyareintheirwork
area(s).

ElectronicaccessandotheralternativestomaintainingpapercopiesoftheSDSare
permittedifnobarrierstoimmediateemployeeaccessineachworkplacearecreated
bysuchoptions.MakesureemployeesknowhowtoquicklyaccessSDSinformationthat
isstoredoncomputersoronline.

Whereemployeesmusttravelbetweenworkplacesduringaworkshift,i.e.,theirworkis
carriedoutatmorethanonegeographicallocation,theSDSsmaybekeptatthe
primaryworkplacefacility.Inthissituation,theemployermustensurethatemployees
canimmediatelyobtaintherequiredinformationinanemergency.

Employeeswhoworkatmorethanonesiteduringtheworkshiftmustbeabletoobtain
SDSinformationimmediately(withinseconds)inanemergency.

SDSsmaybekeptattheprimaryworkplacefacility,iftheemployeralwayshasa
representativeavailabletoensurereadyaccess(withinafewminutes)tothis
information.Thisistheonlysituationinwhichanemployercantransmithazard
informationviavoicecommunication.Theemployermustaddressinthewrittenhazard
communicationplanhowSDSinformationwillbeconveyedtoremoteworksites.

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SDSsmaybekeptinanyform,includingoperatingprocedures,andmaybedesignedto
covergroupsofhazardouschemicalsinaworkareawhereitmaybemoreappropriate
toaddressthehazardsofaprocessratherthanindividualhazardouschemicals.

6.WheremustSDSsbemaintainedduringeachworkshift?

a. Whereunauthorizedpersonscannothaveaccess
b. Inalockedcabinettoprotectthedata
c. Inacentralizedofficeareaateachworksite
d. Wheretheyarereadilyaccessibleinworkareas

TrainingRequirements

Employeesmustreceiveinformationandtrainingthatensurestheirawarenessofthechemical
hazardsusedintheirworkarea.Employersalsomustprovidethisinformationwhenan
employeeisinitiallyassignedtoaworkareawherehazardouschemicalsarepresentandbefore
assignmentsinvolvingnewexposuresituations.

Employeesmustbeinformedof:

therequirementsoftheHCS2012

anyoperationsintheirworkareawherehazardouschemicalsarepresent

thelocationandavailabilityofthewrittenhazardcommunicationprogram(including
therequiredlist(s)ofhazardouschemicalsandSDSsrequiredbytheHCS)

Tomakesurealltrainingrequirementsaremet,werecommendreviewingeachsectionofthe
SDS.Groupdiscussionandexamplescanbeeffectivetrainingstrategiestomakethetraining
moreinterestingtostudents.DemonstrationandpracticeusingPPEforproperlyusingand
cleaningupspillsisespeciallyimportant.

7.Tobemosteffective,safetydatasheet(SDS)trainingshould_____.

a. becompletedwithintwoweeksofemployment
b. beconductedoneonone
c. consistofprimarilyinstructorlecture

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d. includedemonstrationandpractice

TrainingTopics

Informationandtrainingmaybedesignedtocovercategoriesofhazards(e.g.,flammability,
carcinogenicity)orspecificchemicals.Chemicalspecificinformationmustalwaysbeavailable
throughlabelsandSDSs.

Employeetrainingmustincludeatleast:

Methodsandobservationsthatmaybeusedtodetectthepresenceorreleaseofa
hazardouschemicalintheworkarea.

Thephysical,healthhazards,simpleasphyxiation,combustibledust,andpyrophoric
gashazards,aswellashazardsnototherwiseclassified,ofthechemicalsinthework
area.

Themeasuresemployeescantaketoprotectthemselvesfromthesehazards,including
specificprocedurestheemployerhasimplementedtoprotectemployeesfromexposure
tohazardouschemicals,suchasappropriateworkpractices,emergencyprocedures,and
personalprotectiveequipmenttobeused.

Thedetailsofthehazardcommunicationprogramdevelopedbytheemployerincludes
anexplanationofthelabelsreceivedonshippedcontainersandtheworkplacelabeling
systemusedbytheiremployer;thesafetydatasheet,includingtheorderofinformation
andhowemployeescanobtainandusetheappropriatehazardinformation.

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8.Hazardcommunicationtrainingmustincludespecificprocedurestheemployerhas
implementedtoprotectemployeesfromexposuretohazardouschemicals.

a. True
b. False

TrainingatMultiEmployerWorksites

Thetrainingrequirementsalsoapplyiftheemployerbecomesawareviathemultiemployer
worksiteprovisionofexposuresofhis/heremployeestohazardsforwhichtheyhavenotbeen
previouslytrained.

TrainingTemporaryEmployees

Trainingtemporaryemployeesisaresponsibilitythatissharedbetweenthehostemployerand
temporaryagency.

HostEmployer:Thehostemployerisresponsiblefortrainingonthecompany'sHCS
programrequirementsincludingspecificlabeling,chemicalhazardsandsafework
proceduresintheirworkplace.

TemporaryAgency:Thetemporaryagency,inturn,maintainsacontinuingrelationship
withitsemployeesandwouldbeexpectedtoinformemployeesofthegeneral
requirementsoftheHCSstandard.

Contractsbetweenthetemporaryagencyandthehostemployershouldbeexaminedto
determineiftheyclearlysetoutthetrainingresponsibilitiesofbothparties,toensurethatthe
employershavecompliedwithallrequirementsoftheregulation.

9.Whoisresponsiblefortrainingspecificrequirementsofthecompany'shazard
communicationprogramtotemporaryemployees?

a. Thetemporaryagency
b. Thehostemployer
c. Athirdpartycontractor
d. Eithertheemployerortemporaryagency

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TrainingforEmergencies

Afrequentlyoverlookedportionofthetrainingprovisionsisthatdealingwithemergency
procedures.Inworkplaceswherethereisapotentialforemergencies,theemployer'sHCS
trainingprogramwouldhavetoaddresstheHAZWOPERemergencyresponseplanand/or
emergencyactionplan.

Thescopeandextentofemployeetrainingregardingemergencyprocedureswilldependupon
theemployer'sEmergencyResponsePlan(ERP).

Iftheemployermerelyintendstoevacuatetheworkarea,thetraininginemergency
procedurescouldbelimitedto,forexample,informationontheemergencyalarm
systeminuseattheworksite,evacuationroutes,andreportingareasasdetailedinthe
employer'semergencyactionplanunder1910.38,EmergencyActionPlans.

Whereemployeesareexpectedtomoderate,orcontroltheimpactoftheemergencyin
amannerlikeanemergencyresponder,trainingunder1910.120,HazardousWasteand
EmergencyOperations(HAZWOPER),wouldberequired.

10.Ifemployeesareexpectedtoevacuateinresponsetoachemicalspillorfire,which
emergencyplanwouldbeactivated?

a. Emergencyactionplan
b. Emergencyoperationsplan
c. Fireresponseplan
d. Emergencyevacuationplan

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