Plataspidae Related Cantharodes Review

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A review of the genera of

Plataspidae (Hemiptera) related
to Libyaspis, with a revision of
Cantharodes
a
L. Jessop
a
Department of Entomology , British Museum (Natural
History) , Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, England
Published online: 17 Feb 2007.
To cite this article: L. Jessop (1983) A review of the genera of Plataspidae (Hemiptera)
related to Libyaspis, with a revision of Cantharodes , Journal of Natural History, 17:1, 31-62,
DOI: 10.1080/00222938300770031
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222938300770031
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JOURNAL OF N=~TrRAL HISTORY, 1983, 17:31-62
A r e v i e w of the genera of P l a t a s p i d a e ( H e m i p t e r a ) related to

Libyaspis, w i t h a revision of Cantharodes
L. J E S S O P
Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, England
Introduction
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The Pentatomoid family Plataspidae consists of about 530 species in 56 genera

distributed throughout the Old World, being most diverse in the Oriental and
Afrotropical regions.
The Plataspid fauna of several areas has been revised (Za'/re: Schouteden (1909,
1917 a, 1917 b), Sudan: Linnavuori (1977), Madagascar: Cachan (1952), China: Hsiao
and Jen (1977), West Palaearctic: Davidov and Stys (1980), in all but the last-
named as part of larger faunal revisions). Species and genera have been described in a
large number of short papers (e.g. 16 by Montandon between 1892 and 1900), but
there has been no systematic review of the genera or revision of the larger genera
Coptosoma (280 species), Brachyplatys (50 species) and Libyaspis (42 species).
No keys to the genera of Plataspidae have been published since those of St~l
(1876) (10 genera) and Kuhlgatz (1900) ( l l genera).
There are few biological or ecological data available on the family; Coptosoma
punctutissima is a minor pest on beans in the Far East and several other species are
known from Leguminosae, but Plataspidae are not restricted to this plant family
(Sorauer 1956).
The genus-group considered in this paper consists of eight genera restricted to
Africa south of the Sahara, and Madagascar. Prior to this study there was confusion
as to the limits of certain genera. Libyaspis had been put in synonymy with Niamia
by some authors, and others continued to use an older name Plataspis for the same
genus (Plataspis s.str, is a synonym ofBrachyplatys). Four generic names had been
proposed to include species of the genus Isoplatys as now defined. Several species
were wrongly placed generically. The genus Cantharodes contained some species of
doubtful affinity and the associated genus Apotomogonius (here treated as a
subgenus of Cantharodes) had been placed as a synonym or subgenus of Cantharodes
or as a separate genus. I t was decided to clarify the systematics of the group by a
generic review, and the t a x o n o m y of Cantharodes b y preparing a revision of the
species.
Family relationships
The position of Plataspidae within the superfamily Pentatomoidea is uncertain;
in the absence of a clear autapomorphy it is necessary to define the family by means
of a combination of characters: a hypertrophied scutellum covering the whole of the
abdomen, elbowed forewings and two-segmented tarsi.
Hypertrophied scutellum: The enlargement of the scutellum to cover most of or all
of the abdominal dorsum can be seen in several families of Pentatomoidea: in
1983 The Trustees of the B~4tish Museum (Natural History)
32 L, Jessop
Plataspidae, Canopidae, Megarididae, Lestoniidae, Scutelleridae, Aphylidae,

Pentatomidae: Podopinae, Cydnidae: Corimelaeninae and Cydnidae: Thyreo-
corinae. The occurrence of this feature at subfamily rank suggests that it has arisen
more than once.
Elbowedforewings: With protection to the wings gained by possession of a large
scutellum the forewings may become longer than the abdomen, being wrapped
around the dorsum when at rest and overlapping. In most families (e.g.
Seutelleridae, Lestoniidae, Cydnidae) this folding is in the vertical plane, but in
Canopida~, Megarididae and Plataspidae the forewing has a line of weakness
allowing it to be elbowed and folding is in the horizontal plane. McAtee and Malloch
(1928) comment t h a t this line of weakness in Plataspidae extends from the radial
margin and in Canopidae and Megarididae from the costal margin of the wing so this
feature may not be homologous.
Loss of one tarsal articulation. The primitive Pentatomoid tarsus is divided into
three segments, but five families of Pentatomoidea possess two-segmented tarsi:
Acanthosomatidae, Cyrtocoridae, Megarididae, Lestoniidae and Plataspidae.
Acanthosomatidae have a small scutellum and an exposed VIII abdominal segment
in males; the tarsal articulation was probably lost independently in this family.
Cyrtocoridae are more problematic: they possess a hypertrophied seutellum (which
does not cover the whole abdominal dorsum) and a two-segmented tarsus in common
with Plataspidae, but lack elbowed forewings and possess a large spine on the
scutellum and a eoxal comb (sensu Dolling 1981), the cuticle usually has a white
encrustation or villosity, and the family is restricted to the Neotropical region.
Because of the latter four characters I prefer to exclude Cyrtocoridae from sister-
group relation with Plataspidae.
Additional factors: Canopidae and Megarididae are restricted to South America,
and share a feature lacking in Plataspidae: the fore-margin of the prosternum is
deeply excavate, the rostrum lying in the groove thus formed.
Macdonald (1970) discussed the genitalia of Lestoniidae and considered the
group closer to Plataspidae than to Scutelleridae. Genitalia of Canopidae and
Megarididae, as described in Rolston and Macdonald (1979), are inconclusive in
providing evidence of relationships.
I suggest that the three families most closely related to Plataspidae are
Canopidae, Megarididae and Lestoniidae. The possible groupings are:
(1) Two-segmented tarsus: Plataspidae, Megarididae, Lestoniida~ but excluding
Canopidae.
(2) Scutellum extending to cover whole abdominal dorsum, wings elbowed:
Plataspidae, Canopidae, Megarididae but excluding Lestoniidae in which the
scutellum is hypertrophied but does not cover the whole abdomen.
(3) Sternum excavate, distribution New World: Canopidae and Megaridida~,
excluding Plataspidae and Lestoniidae.
Permutations of the above provide several evolutionary possibilities and as the
evidence is inconclusive no preferred scheme is proposed.
Genus-groups
In studies leading to the present paper it was seen that the family Plataspidae
comprises three distinct groups of genera, each group containing one large genus
Libyaspis-group 33
(Coptosoma, Bra<'hyplatys, Libyaspis) and several smaller genera. I t was decided to

use the names Coptosoma-group, Libyaspis-group and Brachyplatys=group in pre-
ference to assigning subfamilial or tribal status to these groups (see key to genus-
groups).
Several apomorphies have been acquired within the Plataspidae. The narrow
head typical of Pentatomoidea has become transverse in the Brachyplatys-group and
Libyaspis-group and, probably as a result of this broadening, the relative position of
the ocelli has changed (near to the eyes in most Pentatomoidea, closer together in
Brachyplatys-group and Libyaspis-group). Horned heads have evolved several times
in Pentatomoidea, being found in the males of some genera in all three groups of
Plataspidae as well as in some Cyrtoeoridae, Cydnidae and Phloeidae. The presence
ofa strigil on the lower surface of vein 1A of each metathoracic wing in several genera
(Cronion in the Brachyplatys-group and all except Libyaspis, Niamia and Emparlca
in the Libyaspis-group but not in the Coptosoma-group) may be an apomorphy

within Plataspidae, although W. R. Dolling (pers. comm.) considers it to be a
plesiomorphy for the Pentatomoidea. The patches of stiff setae on abdominal
sternite VII of male Ceratocoris, Severiniella, Isoplatys, and Arefbea are unique in the
Pentatomoidea, an analogue being found on the disc of the abdomen of female
Lestoniidae.
The plesiomorphies found in the Coptosoma-group (narrow head with ocelli near
eyes, lack of strigil on hindwings, lack of patches of stiff setae on ~ abdomen), plus a
more widespread distribution than the other two groups (Libyaspis-group restricted
to Afrotropical region, Brachyplatys-group not extending into Palaearctic) suggest
this to be closer to the stem group of the family. Within the large genus Coptosoma
are species with Libyaspis-like coloration (yellow ground colour with dark-brown
maculae) and Brachyplatys-like coloration (black with yellow submarginal line on
head, pronotum and scutellum), and it is possible t h a t these two groups arose
separately from a Coptosoma-like ancestor rather than having a single origin.
Method
In this study measurements are given of body length along the midline, excluding
the head. This is because the declivity of the head after death varies considerably
between specimens.
All measurements except proportions of length ofantennal and rostral segments
are in millimetres. Terminology follows that of Davidov and Stys (1980) as far as
possible.
In the lists of species included in genera the following convention has been used:
*-no specimens examined in the course of this review,
**-authoritatively determined specimens examined,
***-type specimens examined.
Distribution data are compiled from both published records and label data of
specimens in the BMNH collection.
Abbreviations
Abbreviations of depositories of material are as follows: BMNH British Museum
(Natural History), London, U.K. MRAC Musre Royal de l'Afrique Centrale,
Tervuren, Belgium.
34 L. Jessop
K e y to genus-groups of Plataspidae
10eelli placed near to eyes: ratio of distanee between eyes and oeelli to interoeellar
distance (e-o:o-o) less than 1:2. Abdominal sternit~s usually convex. Head
usually narrow, approximately 0'3-0"5 times width of pronotum. Base of seutellum
usually raised (the pseudoseutellum), marked off from rest of seutellum by an
impressed line (Palaearetie, Afrotropieal, Oriental and Australian regions)
Coptosoma-group
- Ratio e--e :o~) greater than 1 : 2. Abdominal stemites not or vet3" slightly convex. Head
transverse, usually 0"5-0"7 times width of pronotum. Pseudoscutellum absent or
weakly developed 2
2 Body flattened. Colour black, sometimes spotted with yellow, often with a yellow
submarginal line on head, pronotum and seutellum. (Oriental, Afrotropieal,
Australian and Pacific regions) . Brachyplatys-group
- Body usually convex. Colour pattern red, yellow, or brown, maculated with dark
brown to black punctures, dark areas sometimes extensive and spotted or flecked
with yellow, without a yellow submarginal line on head, pronotum and scutellum.
(Afrotropieal region).. Libyaspis-group
Description of Libyaspis-group
Plataspidae of medium to large size ( 8 - 2 0 r a m long including horns of mMe
Ceratocoris). Body usually convex, height a p p r o x i m a t e l y half of length excluding
head.
H e a d broad, 0"5-0"7 times as wide as pronotum. Mandibular plates broad,
meeting in front of elypeus, often produced into plates or horns in males. Anterior
margin with a narrow shining carina whieh continues around margins o f p r o n o t u m ,
costal margin of wing, and seutellum. Distanee between oeelli less than t h a t between
oeelli and eyes.
P r o n o t u m with anterolateral margins often explanate. E v a p o r a t o r i u m exten-
sive. Mesosternum with several transverse ridges. Scutellum often with a weak
median carina, posterior margin in males often emarginate to allow protraction of
pygophore. F e m o r a with ventral sulcus in apical half for reception of basal h a l f of
tibiae. Tibiae with dorsal suleus and four longitudinal rows of hairs, one row along
each margin ofsuleus and two rows ventrally. Tufts of hairs often present at apex of
tibiae and on tarsi.
Abdominal sternites flat or slightly concave, each with a narrow transverse
suleus extending from behind each spiraele halfway to midline. A roughened or
coarsened spot present near each spiraele (this spot does not give rise to a
trichobothrium; it m a y indieate the point of insertion of a muscle), its position
constant within genera but variable between genera.
Male genitalia usually constant in form within genera. PhMlotheea with a weakly
selerotized band dorsally and laterally, lateral extensions rarely meeting ventrally.
Conjunctiva usually with a pair of ventrolateral processes and a dorsal process.
Vesiea styliform or broad and flattened, sometimes curved or hooked at apex.
Ground eolour yellow, red or brown, maeulated with dark-brown to black
coarsely punctate patches. D a r k patches sometimes extensive and spotted or flecked
with yellow.
H e a d with marginal earina usually dark. A d a r k triangular p a t c h extending
mesad from each eye along posterior margin of head, tapering gradually and not
reaching oeelli, and another d a r k patch lateral to each oeellus.
E v a p o r a t o r i u m grey.
Libyaspis-group 35
Sections of the Libyaspis-group

The Libyaspis-group can be divided into three sections. In the first (Ceratocoris,
Severiniella, Isoplatys, and Arefbea), mandibular plates of the male are developed
into horns or a subtriangular plate, abdominal sternite V I I of the male has two
lateral patches ofsetae (figs. 6, 8), and the vesica is long, styliform, and curved at the
apex. Males lack a postoeular spur. Females are ovoid in shape (fig. 2), and in
Ceratocoris, Severiniella and Isoplatys are difficult to separate without associated
males; differences in head shape in males (a single horn in Severiniella, two horns in
Ceratocoris, a subtriangular plate in Isoplatys) justify maintaining three separate
genera. Both sexes possess a row of pegs or ridges in the basal half of the lower surface
of vein 1A of each metathoracic wing, forming a strigil, in each species examined
(Isoplatys evansi, Severiniella haasi, Severiniella cameroni, Ceratocoris annulatus,
Ceratocoris cervus, Ceratocoris bucephalus ).
Fins. 1-4. Body outlines: 1. Libyaspis semiglobosa ~: 2. Ceratocoris annulatus ?; 3. Niamia

angulosa ~, outline of typical zigzag marking indicated; 4. Emparka polita c~.
36 L. Jessop
The second section consists only o f Cantharodes, including Apotomogonius as a

subgenus. Males possess a postocular spur, the head is transverse (figs. 15, 18), n o t
p r o d u c e d into horns or subtriangular plates, and a b d o m i n a l setal organs are absent.
Females can be identified b y colour p a t t e r n (including a d a r k ring on the p r o n o t u m
and scutellum); their b o d y shape is ovoid or subrectangular. The strigil on the
m e t a t h o r a c i c wings is present in each species e x a m i n e d (Cantharodes gowdeyi,
C. maculatus, C. schoutedeni).
The third section (Libyaspis, Niamia, Emparka) is characterized b y the lack o f
the a b o v e apomorphies, i.e. males are w i t h o u t postocular spurs, a b d o m i n a l setal
organs a n d horned or subtriangular m a n d i b u l a r plates. The females are ovoid,
c o n v e x l y r o u n d e d (fig. l) or distinctively angular (fig. 3). B o t h sexes lack a strigil
on m e t a t h o r a c i c wings in species e x a m i n e d (Libyaspis coccinelloides, L. haglundi,
L: singularis, L. irrorata, L. vermicellaris, L. flavosparsa, L. waldbergi, L. angolensis,
L. congolensis, L. punctata, Niamia angulosa).
K e y to genera o f the Libyaspis group (males)

All genera are confined to Africa, except Libyaspis which has also been reported from
Madagascar.
1 Abdominal sternite VII with two dense patches ofsetae (figs. 6, 8). Mandibular plates
produced either into horns or a subtriangular plate (figs. 5, 7, 9, 10). 2
- Abdominal sternite VII with setae, if present, not arranged into lateral patches.
Mandibular plates rounded, slightly produced or slightly bifoliate (figs. 4, 15) . 5
2 Mandibular plates produced as a subtriangular plate . Isoplatys
- Mandibular plates produced as horns 3
3 Head transverse, horns broad, each with a lateral spur; mandibular plates produced
between the horns as a triangular plate (fig. 9) . . Arefbea
- Horns without lateral spur, triangular plate between the horns absent except in few
species of Ceratocoris . 4
4 Mandibular plates fused for 0"9 of their length, iiving the impression'of being a single
bifid horn (fig. 5) Severiniella
- Mandibular plates fused for 0-4-0'6 of their length, giving the" impression of a two-
horned .head (fig. 7) Ceratocoris
5 Margin of head behind each eye with a small spur (fig. 15) Cantharodes
- Postocular spur absent 6
6 Scutellum with lateral margins divergent, slightly concave, then sharply angled,
posteriorly rounded (fig. 3). Niamia
- Scutellum rounded or convexly rounded (figs. 1,4), margin not sharply angled 7
7 Underside of head with a spur on the hind margin between antennal insertion and
rostrum. Pygophore without a ventral flange-like projection . Emparka
- Underside of head without a spur. Pygophore with a ventral flange-like projection
(fig. l 1) . Libyaspis
K e y to genera o f the Libyaspis-group (females)

A refbea is excluded from this key as no females have been examined. Females of Isoplatys,
Ceratocoris and Severiniella may be difficult to separate without associated males; couplets 4
and 5 are not quite mutually exclusive, future studies may show some overlap in these
parameters.
1 Scutellum with lateral margins divergent, slightly concave then sharply angled,
posteriorly rounded (fig. 3). Niamia
- Scutellum without a sharp angle 2
2 Body length excluding head 6-7 mm Emparka
- Body length excluding head 9-13 mm 3
3 Body shape ovoid (fig. 2). Colour pattern usuall; includin i two darl~ spots on
scutellum, or thorax and anterior part of seutellum brown-black 4
Libyaspis-group 37
- Body shape rounded, convexly rounded or subrectangular, colour pattern not

including two dark spots on scutellum, thorax and anterior part of scutellum not
brown-black 6
4 Ratio of head length to head width 0"5 : 1 or less Isoplatys
- Ratio of head length to head width greater than 0"5 : 1 5
5 l~atio of head length to head width 0"5-0"55 : 1 Ceratocoris
- Ratio of head length to head width 0"55-0'65 : 1 . . . . . Severiniella
6 Outline rounded or subreetangular (figs. 14, 16, 17). Colour pattern usually including a
dark ring on pronotum and seutellum. Ratio of distance from inner margin of eye
to centre of oeellus : distance between centres of ocelli (e-o : o~o) 1"6-1"9 : 1
Cantharodes
- Scutellum convexly rounded (fig. 1). Colour reddish-broom to black often flecked or
spotted with yellow, never with a dark ring on seutellum and pronotum. Ratio
e-o : o-o 1"0-1"7 : 1 . Libyaspis
C e r a t o c o r i s White
(figs. 2, 7)
Plataspis (Ceratocoris) White, 1842: 90. Type spec'ies: Plataspis bucephalus White by original
designation.
Ceratocoris White; Dallas, 1851: 72.
Medium-sized insects, length excluding head 9 - 1 3 r a m . Body rather convex
(height a b o u t half of length excluding head), outline ovoid to subrectangular.
Mandibular plates of males produced into two diversely shaped horns 4-13 ram.
hmg, shape varying from t h a t of b,cephab~ (fig. 7) to species such as cephali~'~s which
have long, outwardly-curved horns. Some males of some species have poorly-
developed horns.
Antennae longer in males than in females, segment I subcylindrical, I I short, I I I
and IV usually narrow basally (sometimes subcylindrical), V fusiform. Segment I I i
with a sparse covering of short hairs, pilosity more dense on segments IV and V
Labium reaching to between mid and hind femora.
P r o n o t u m with anterolateral angles more strongly produced in males that.
females. F e m o r a reaching almost to lateral body margin, stouter in males than
females, usually with sparse pilosity and a fringe of hairs ventrally. Tibiae a b o u t 0"
times length of corresponding femora. Second tarsal segment twice as long as first.
Abdominal sternites densely pilose. Coarse spot located mesad of each spiracle.
Setal organ elongate-ovoid.
Pygophore with posterior facies rounded ventrally, slightly divergent laterally,
slightly rounded or bisinuate dorsally. SubdorsM keel broad, with raised ridge
around apex of proctiger and usually with a ventrally-directed covering of hairs.
Central depression restricted to laterad of proctiger (because of ridge on subdorsal
keel), sometimes transversely striate. Parameres variable, hypophyses spatulate to
comma-shaped.
Aedeagus with vesiea long, styliform, curved a t tip. Ventrolateroal and dorsal
conjunctival processes poorly developed.
Colour p a t t e r n variable, often with two rectangular or trapezoidal d a r k m a r k s on
p r o n o t u m or with pronotum entirely dark. Scutellum often with anterior half of
midline dark, sometimes with a dark spot on each side of this. Anterior border of
scutellum often dark. [The E a s t African species cervus Miller and annulatus Miller
have a colour p a t t e r n similar to t h a t of Severiniella (brownish yellow with a fairly
dense general covering of maculae)].
38 L. Jessop
\ 10
11
Fins. 5-11. 5. head of Severiniella haasi ~; 6. VII abdominal sternite and pygophore of
Arefbea dama, setal organ cross-hatched; 7. head of Ceratocoris bucephalus ~; 8. VII
abdominal sternite and pygophore of I8op/atys browni; 9. head of Arefbea dama ~;
10. head of isoplatys browni ~; l l . pygophore of Libyaspis haglundi.
Libyaspis-group 39
Lateral margin of each horn in males usually dark. In cervus Miller and annulatws
Miller midline of each horn is dark in dorsal aspect.
Femora yellow, sometimes with red patches.
Abdomen either black with a yellow mark near lateral margin on each side of each
segment, sometimes yellow around spiracles, or totally black, or yellow-brown
without black markings.
Included species
an~ulatus Miller, 1955 (Malawi)***
bucephalus (White, 1841) (Ghana, Sierra Leone, Nigeria)***
= Plataspis dispar Spinola, 1850
cephalicus cephalicus Montandon, 1899 (Za'ire)***
cephalicus brevieornis Schouteden, 1917 (Za'ire)*
cervus Miller, 1955 (Zambia)***
colmanti Schouteden, 1908 (Zgire)**

distortus Schouteden, 1948 (Za'ire, Rwanda)*
horni horni Schouteden, 1908 (Za'/re, Uganda)**
horni obtusa Schouteden, 1948 (Za'/re)*
pillettei Schouteden, 1917 (Zai're)*
poppiusi Schouteden, 1917 (Tanzania)*
seeldrayersi Montandon, 1896 (Za'ire)*
Ceratocoris atatus Signoret, 1848 is currently placed in Coptosoma and appears
(according to Signoret's figure) to belong somewhere near Ponsila St1. In the
present paper capreolus Heinze and dama Bergroth are transferred to Arefbea.
Arefbea gen. nov.

(figs. 6, 9)
[Elapheozygum, sensu Miller, 1956: 41, nec Kuhlgatz, 1900]
Type-species: Ceratocoris dama Bergroth.
Length excluding head i2"5mm, length of head of male 8mm. Body convex,
height about half of length excluding head.
Head of male broad (fig. 9), mandibular plates produced in front of eyes into two
broad horns each with a lateral spur, and produced between horns into a median
triangular flange. Underside of head with a broad groove on each side into which fits
antennal segment I. Antennae with segment I long, subcylindrical, II short, III
about two-thirds length of I, IV and V missing on specimen examined. Segments I
and I I I with a sparse pilosity. Rostrum reaching almost to metathoracic coxae.
Pronotum subrectangular, half as long as broad. Scutellum 1"5 times broader
than long. Femora stout, almost reaching lateral body margin, pilose ventrMly.
Second tarsal segment twice as long as first.
Abdominal sternites densely pilose. Coarse spot located mesad of each spiracle.
Setal organ large, subovoid (fig. 6).
Pygophore with posterior facies rounded ventrally, divergent laterally, almost
straight dorsally. Subdorsal keel broad, shining, sparsely pilose. Central depression
shallow. Ventral keel narrow, with semicircular indentation medially. Parameres
small, hypophyses spatulate.
Phallotheea with sclerotized band, thickened dorsally as a pilose plaque. Vesiea
long, styliform, curved at apex, sheathed by a membraneous process which is
produced laterally into two broad flaps.
40 L. Jessop
A thin selerotized styler within the sheath, ventral to (arising from ?) the vesica.
Dark markings extensive, dorsum black flecked with yellow, inner margin of
horns internal to carina narrowly yellow, a triangular yellow patch lateral to (but not
contiguous with) each ocellus, vertex yellow, and two yellow spots on anterior
margin of scutellum.
Femora yellow, spotted with red.
Colour pattern of abdominal sternites as in Isoptatys.
Remark8
Thi~ generic description is based on a single male. The female of damn (Bergroth)
is unknown and specimens of capreolus (Heinze) have not been examined. Heinze
(1940) gave a figure of the head of the male ofcapreolus which leaves no doubt that it
is congeneric with dama.
This genus is placed in the Ceratocoris section of the Libyaspis group by virtue of
the setal organ on abdominal sternite VII of the male. I t differs from other genera of
the section in the shape of the horns, which are broad and spurred laterally, and in
the head being broad with the ocelli relatively close together (see key). In addition,
the colour pattern of black flecked with yellow is not approached in any of the species
of the Ceratocoris section examined.
For m a n y years Ceratocoris damn Bergroth was curated as Elapheozygum
Kuhlgatz in BMNH collection (Elapheozygum belongs in the Brachyplatys group of
genera) and this led to the Miller misidentification.
Included species
eapreolus (Heinze, 1940) comb. nov. from Ceratocoris (Cameroun)*
dama (Bergroth, 1912) comb. nov. from Ceratocoris (Nigeria)***
Severiniella Montandon
(fig. 5)
Severiniella Nontandon, 1894: 619. Type-species: Severiniella haasi Montendon by monotypy.
[Elapheozygum, sensu Kirkeldy, 1909: 318, nec Kuhlgatz, 1900.]
Medium-sized insects, length excluding head in males 10"0-11"5 mm, in females
9"2-10-5 ram, length of the male horn 7"~11"5 mm. Females ovoid, males with a
single, bifld cephalic horn. Body convex, height about half of body length excluding
head.
Head of male as in fig. 5. Mandibular plates of femMes slightly sinuous. Antennae
approximatelY one millimetre longer in males than females, segments I and I I I
subequal, IV and V about two thirds length of III, II short. Segments I and IV
subcylindrieal, I I I narrow basally, V fusiform. Segments I and I I I with a sparse
pilosity, becoming more dense on segments IV and V. Rostrum reaching to between
mid and hind eoxae.
P r o n o t u m about three times broader than long, trapezoidal. Anterolateral
margins more produced in males than females. A slight transverse impression in
middle.
Femora almost reaching to lateral body margin in males, slightly shorter and less
stout in females, with a sparse fringe of hairs ventrally. Tibiae two-thirds to three-
quarters length of corresponding femora. Second tarsal segment three times longer
than first.
Abdomen pilose. Coarse spot located posterolateral to each spiracle. SetM organ
elongate, slightly curved.
Libyaspis-group 41
Pygophore with posterior facies strongly rounded ventrally, divergent laterally,

slightly rounded dorsally. Characters ofpygophore similar to those of Arefbea (fig. 6)
but with the addition of a dense covering of long hairs on subdorsal keel. Parameres
with hypophyses spatulate. Aedeagus with vesica long, thin, styliform, and curved
at apex. Dorsal eonjunctival process heavily sclerotized and tongue-like, ventro-
lateral processes broad and unsclerotized.
Dorsum yellow-brown with a fairly dense general covering of dark brown
maeulae. Markings not well defined, comprising a dark bar across disc o f p r o n o t u m
anterior to transverse impression and at posterior margin ofpronotum, a small dark
brown spot at each posterolateral angle of pronotum and a spot on each side of
midline of scutellum about one-third back from anterior margin.
Junction of mandibular plates dark brown.
Femora yellow, base of tibiae often red (rest of tibia yellow).
Colour of abdominal sternites as for Isoplatys.

Included species
cameroni Distant, 1902 (Malawi, Zimbabwe, Angola, Mozambique)***
haasi Montandon, 1894 (Zai're)***
montandoni Breddin, 1898 (Angola)*
Kirkaldy wrongly placed Elapheozygum goetzei Kuhlgatz in Severiniella; this
species belongs to the distinct genus Elaioheozygum Kuhlgatz.
Isoplatys Montandon
(figs. 8, 10)
Isoplatys Montandon, 1892: 303. Type-species: Isoplatys flavonotatus Montandon by
monotypy.
Gelasta,Tis Kirkaldy, 1902b: 166. Type-species: Gelastaspis browni Kirkaldy by monotypy.
Syn. n.
Gelataspis Zoological Record, 1902:268 [laps. cat. pro Gelastaspis]
Dokada Schouteden, 1917a: 2. Type-species: Dokada dandensis Sehouteden by original
designation. Syn. n.
Maesia Schouteden, 1917 b: 15. Type-species: Maesia maesi Schouteden by original desig-
nation. Syn. n.
Strongly convex, subrectangular to ovoid insects of medium size (length along

midline excluding head 8'3-11"3 ram, height about 0"5 times length excluding head).
Head with mandibular plates triangularly expanded (fig. 10), sometimes with
lateral margins sinuous. Plates dorsally convex. Both sexes with a spur-like process
on the underside of the head mesad of each antenna (this spur may be poorly
developed). Antennae with segment I subcylindrieal, II short, III and IV narrow
basally, V fusiform. Segments I I I to V with a short pilosity, most dense on segments
IV and V. Labium reaching to or slightly beyond hind eoxae.
P r o n o t u m 2"5-3 times as broad as long. Anterolateral angles in tomes produced.
Anterior margin of pronotum in males slightly sinuous behind eyes and broadly
indented to receive head.
Femora almost reaching lateral body margins, rather stouter in males than
females, usually glabrous. Tibiae slightly shorter than corresponding femora.
Abdominal sternites finely pilose. Coarse spot located mesad of each spiracle,
Setal organ elongate or ovoid.
42 L. Jessop
Pygophore with posterior facies rounded ventrally, less rounded dorsally,

divergent laterally (fig. 8). Subdorsal keel broad and rugose with a ventrally-directed
row of hairs. Transverse impression deep. Parameres with hypophyses spatulate,
pointed at apex. Ventral keel rugose or transversely striate. Aedeagus with vesica
long and styliform, curved at apex, basally slightly thickened. Conjunctival
processes poorly developed; ventrolateral processes subtriangular, dorsal process
spur-like.
Ground colour of dorsum yellow, with scattered brown maculae and distinct
dark-brown patches as follows: transverse streak across the pronotum about one-
third from the anterior margin (this mark sometimes obscured by maculae);
posterolateral angles of pronotum usually c<mtinuing onto wing and/or scutellum;
anterior halt" of midline of scutellum; four spots on anterior margin of seutellum; a
large spot on each side of (sometimes merging with) midline halfway from anterior
margin of scutellum and usually a spot on posterolateral border of seutellum

(sometimes continuing forwards as a streak).
Area of overlap of mandibular plates with a dark shining band. Underside of
mandibular plates usually yellow, red posteriorly and near the eyes. In darker
species (e.g. dandensis Sehouteden) underside red with disc yellow.
Corium yellow with brown maculae, often more densely maculate apically.
Clavus and axillary sclerite yellow to reddish-brown. Femora and tibiae yellow.
Disc of abdominal renter red, laterally broadly yellow. Yellow markings in
darker species reduced to a streak on each side of each segment. Intersegmental
boundaries and sulei dark red. Spiracles dark red, and a dark red patch lateral to each
spiracle.
Remarks
Schouteden (1917a, b) misinterpreted ]soplatys, he transferred Cantharodes
mayumbensis (placed in Emparka in the present paper) to Isoplatys and erected two
new genera, Dokada and Maesia, both of which fall within Isoplatys as currently
defined. Kirkaldy (1902) did not compare Isoplatys with his new genus Gelastaspis.
Included ,~'pecie8
browni (Kirkaldy, 1902) comb. nov. from Gelastaspis (Malawi)***
dandensis (Sehouteden, 1917) comb. nov. from Dokada (Tanzania)***
dubius (Schouteden, 1909) comb. nov. from Maesia (Za'/re, Cameroun)***
evansi (Miller, 1955) comb. nov. from Gelastaspis (Zambia)***
flavonotatus Montandon, 1892 (Gabon, Zaire)***
maesi (Schouteden, 1917) comb. nov. from Maesia (Z~'ire)***
montandoni (Schouteden, 1909) comb. nov. from Do]cada (Za~'re)***
pallidus (Sehouteden, 1917) comb. nov. from Dokada (Tanzania, Malawi)***
Libyaspis Kirkaldy
(figs 1, 11)
Libyaspis Kirkaldy, 1902a: 136. Type-species: Canopus coccinelloides Laporte by original
designation.
Plataspis auett., nec Westwood, 1837.
[Niamia, sensu Haglund, 1894: 389, nec Horvdth, 1893]
Medium-sized insects (length excluding head 7"5-12-5 ram), with a rounded body
(height usually approximately 0"5 times length excluding head), and with an ovoid,
convexly rounded, or subreetangular outline.
Libyaspi~'-group 43
Head broad, transverse, slightly produced in front of eyes. Antennae usually with
segment I subcylindrical, II short, I I I and IV slightly narrowed basally, V fusiform.
Labium reaching hind coxae.
P r o n o t u m subrectangular or trapezoidal, sometimes with fore margin indented
to receive head, sometimes with a faint transverse impression. Scutellum rounded or
bomboid. Femora with ventral fringe of hairs. Second tarsal segment three to four
times longer than first.
Abdominal sternites sometimes sparsely pilose. Coarse spot located mesad of
each spiracle. Posterior facies o f p y g o p h o r e ovoid, sometimes with a pair of dorsal
and a pair of lateral spurs in Madagascan species, ventral keel with a dorsally
directed flange-like projection (fig. 11). Paremeters with hypophyses broadly
spatulate, triangular or rectangular, or long curved and pointed. Aedeagus variable
in form.
Colour pattern variable, maculae often very dense, the ground colour appearing
brown or reddish-black flecked, spotted, or streaked with yellow. Some Madagascan
species are aberrant, the ground colour being brown with or without darker brown
transverse bands and a dark brown lateral margin. Finally some species are shining
dark brown, with or without streaks o f yellow.
Underside of head red marked with yellow, sometimes yellow.
Femora red in Madagascan and some African species (usually those with uniform
dark eolour without yellow spotting), yellow in other African species. Tibiae of
former group red, the latter yellow with or without dark streak along sulcus.
Wing with clavus and axillary sclerite dark brown.
Colour of abdominal sternites either yellow with a broad median red stripe, red
maculae, sulci and intersegmental boundaries red and a yellow mark at the lateral
margin of each segment or (Madagascan species), red or reddish with or without a
yellow lateral mark in each segment.
Three groups of species can be recognized based on the form of the aedeagus:
(1) African species in which the vesica is styliform, dorsal conjuctival process
large and bifid and ventrolateral processes either small or tongue-like. These
species have a colour pattern of dark brown flecked with yellow (flavosparsa
(Montandon) and wahlbergi (St~l) examined).
(2) African species in which the vesica is styliform, dorsal eonjunctival process
reduced to a pair of small spurs, and ventrolateral processes heavily
sclerotized and developed into [-shaped structures. These species have a
brown ground colour, which is unflecked (notatipes (Montandon) and
semiglobosa (Stg~l) examined).
(3) Madagascan species, in which the vesica is a heavily selerotized ring-shaped
structure with various teeth and spines, there are two long-tongue-shaped
dorsal conjunetival processes, and the ventrolateral processes are heavily
sclerotized and developed into plates and rods (coccinelloides (Laporte) and
haglu~li (Montandon) examined).
Remarks
Plataspis Westwood, 1837 was first synonymized with Brachyplatys Boisduval,
1835 by White (1839), but this synonymy was ignored by subsequent authors who
continued to use the name Plataspis for the large and rounded species ofPlataspids.
44 L. Jessop
Kirkaldy (1902) proposed a replacement name, Libyaspis, for those species placed in
Plataspis by previous workers.
Niamia Horvth was synonymized with Plataspis auctt., nec Westwood by
Haglund (1894), and this synonymy was revived by Schouteden in his 1917 papers,
where he used Niamia, sensu Horvth for those species now placed in Libyaspis.
It will be seen from the description that the Madascan species of this genus differ
from the African species in several respects. It is probable that the two groups should
be placed in separate subgenera, but this decision should be based on a full generic
revision.
The Madagasean species of Libyaspis can be identified by reference to Caehan,
1952. Identification of the African species is difficult, the only comprehensive study
being that of Schouteden (1909, 1917) for the Za'ire fauna.
Included species
Madagascan species
castanea (Cachan, 1952)**
clementi (Cachan, 1952)*
coccinelloides coccinelloides (Laporte, 1833)**
= Plataspis cocciformis Westwood, 1837
coccinelloides audeberti (Cachan, 1952)*
(:occinetloides madagascariensis (Gudrin-Mdneville, 1834)**
conspersa (Montandon, 1892)**
ebenina (Blanchard, 1840)**
frappai (Cachan, 1952)*
funebris (Montandon, 1899)**
grandidieri (Cachan, 1952)**.
haglundi haglundi (Montandon, 1896)***
haglundi faucheri (Cachan, 1952)*
niqrita (Westwood, 1837)**
singularis (Haglund, 1894)**
varie#ata (Gudrin-Mdneville, 1834)**
= Thyreocori8 punctatus, sensu Amyot and Serville, 1843, nec (Leach, 1819)
viduata (Cachan, 1952)**
African species
angolensis (Distant, 1912) (Angola, Zimbabwe)***
aurivillii (Haglund, 1894) (Cameroun)*
bantu (Sehouteden, 1917) (Za'/re)*
bayeri bayeri (Schouteden, 1917) (Za'ire, Rwanda)*
bayeri obscurior Sehouteden, 1957 (Rwanda or Burundi)*
borger]d)ffi (Schouteden, 1917) (Zgire)*
callewaerti (Schouteden, 1917) (Za'ire)*
camerunensis (Sehouteden, I917) (Cameroun)*
congoIensis congolensis (Schouteden, 1908) (Zai're)**
congolensis pallidior (Schouteden, 1917) (ZaYre)*
flavosparsa (Montandon, 1894) (Zafre, Uganda)***
galerucoides (Walker, 1867) (Angola)***
guirali (Montandon, 1896) (Congo, Za'/re)*
guttulata (Montandon, 1892) (Gabon, Congo, Za'fre)***
Libyaspis-group 45
horvathi (Haglund, 1894)(Nigeria)**

irrorata (Dallas, 1851) (Nigeria, ZaYre, Malawi, South Africa)***
= Plataspis verrucosa Signoret, 1858, and Plataspi8 punctata, sensu St1, 1876,
nec (Leach, 1819)
katangensis (Sehouteden, 1917) (Za'fre)*
lallema~Mi (Sehouteden, 1908) (Za'fre)*
maculosa (Montandon, 1899) (Za'ire)*
notatipes (Montandon, 1896) (Malawi, Mozambique, Kenya, Zimbabwe)**
orientalis orientali8 (Schouteden, 1917) (Rwanda, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda)*
orientalis dispar (Sehouteden, 1917) ('East Africa')*
orientalis mediapicta Schouteden, 1957 (Rwanda, Urundi)*
plagifera plagifera (Montandon, 1892) (Tanzania, Angola, Za]'re, Ghana)***
plagi.fera cincta (Montandon, 1892) (Gabon)*
plagifera punctulata (Montandon. 1896) (Za'ire, Gabon, Ivo~ TCoast)*

polita (Jensen-Haarup, 1926) ('Congo')*
pulchella (Montandon, 1893)(Gabon, Congo)***
punctata (Leach, 1819) (Congo, Gabon, Uganda, Za'ire)**
= Plataspis gambeyi (Montandon, 1894)
rhodesiana (Schouteden, 1917) (Zimbabwe)*
semiglobosa (StM, 1853) (South Africa, Angola)**
tenuipicta (Montandon, 1894) (Tanzania)***
vermicellaris verraicellaris (St1, 1858) (Cameroun, Togo, Uganda, Nigeria,
Congo)**
vermicellari8 dec~piens Sehouteden, 1909 (Za~'re)*
wahlbergi (StM, 1853) (South Africa, Sierra Leone, Tanzania)**
Niamia Horvath
(fig. 3)
Niamia Horvth, 1893: 254. Type-species: Niamia angulosa Horvth by monotypy.
See notes on Libyaspis for previous synonymy.
Medium-sized insects, length excluding head 6"3-8-2 mm (females slightly larger
than males). Body rather convex, height approximately 0"5 times length excluding
head.
Head broad, mandibular plates produced in front of eyes in females, less so in
males, front margin straight or slightly bifoliate. Antennal segments I, III and IV
suhcylindrieal (III and IV slightly narrower at base), II short, V fusiform. Segments
III to V with dense covering of short hairs, a more sparse pilosity on segment I.
Rostrum reaching hind eoxae.
Pronotum with anterolateral angles produced as rounded flanges, anterior
margin straight, not indented to receive head, posterior margin sinuous. A
transverse impression one-third back from anterior margin.
Femora with a fringe of hairs ventrally. Tibiae about two-thirds length of
corresponding femora. Second tarsal segment three times longer than first.
Abdomen with coarse spot located mesad of each spiracle.
Posterior facies of pygophore ovoid, subdorsal keel with sparse fringe of hairs,
proctiger large, oeeupying most of central depression and with two lateral patches of
hairs. Parameres with broad, hooked hypophyses. Ventral keel rugose with a marked
transverse impression.
46 L. Jessop
Aedeagus short, vesiea short and styliform, poorly sclerotized. Ventrolateral

conjunctival processes broad, well sclerotized, dorsal process broad and bifid.
Ground colour yellow with a fairly dense covering of maculae, and with yellow
(non-maculate) patches as follows: one or two zigzag streaks on the scutellum (fig. 3)
which are variously developed, and usually a broad mark along midline of posterior
half of pronotum. Underside of mandibular plates yellow spotted with red-brown.
Wing with axillary sclerite and clavus yellow-brown to brown. Femora yellow.
Abdominal sternites yellow, broadly red medially and with scattered red maculae,
sulci and intersegmental boundaries sometimes red.
Remarks
This genus differs from Libyaspis in the angulate body outline, and the male
genitalia which have large, hooked parameres and a short aedeagus and vesica.
Included specie~
angulosa Horvgth, 1893 ('Niam-Niam :. Cameroun, Congo, Nigeria, Uganda)**
E m p a r k a gen. nov.
(fig. 4)
[I,oplatys, sensu Sehouteden 1917b: 17, nec Montandon, 1892]
Type-species: Cantharodes mayumbensis Schouteden.
Ovoid, length excluding head 6-7 mm. Mandibular plates rounded. Antennae
with segment I subeylindrical, II short, III and IV narrow basally, V fusiform.
Segments I I I to V pilose. Rostrum reaching hind coxae. Hind margin of head of
males with a spur between each antennM insertion and rostrum.
Thorax with anterior margin sinuous, broadly indented medially to receive the
head. Femora reaching three-quarters to lateral margins of body, sparsely pilose.
Tibiae three-quarters length of corresponding femora. Second tarsomere three times
longer than first.
Coarse spot mesad of each spiracle.
Aedeagus with vesica styliform, curved ventrally, dorsal eonjunetival process
either half length of vesica and bifid or vestigeal; ventrolateral processes small and
tongue-like.
Ground colour yellow, irregularly maculated with brown. Anteclypeus and line of
overlap of mandibular plates brown. Antennae yellow. Pronotum with two
transverse brown streaks on inner cMli. Femora and tibiae yellow. Abdominal
sternites medially red, laterally yellow, sulei and intersegmental boundaries red.
Male genitalia differing between the two species. In polita posterior facies of
pygophore ovoid, subdorsal keel broad with two patches of ventrally directed hairs.
Parameres with hypophyses pilose, long, thin, pointed and bent through 90 .
Subventral keel transversely striate, with a small transverse ridge. In mayumbensis
posterior facies of pygophore with ventral margin curved, lateral margins straight
and divergent dorsally, dorsal margin straight or slightly curved. Parameres broad
at base, bent through 90 and pointed at apex, not pilose, and transverse ridge on
subventral keel absent.
Remarks
The ovoid outline seen in this genus (fig. 4) suggests an affinity with the
Ceratocoris-seetion of genera, however the absence of a setal organ on abdominal
sternite VII in males excludes it from that section.
Libyaspis-group 47
The spurs on the hind margin of the underside of the head in males are possibly
not homologous with those on the underside of the mandibular plates in male
Cantha~'odes. This genus is considerably smaller in size than other genera of the
Libyaspis-group: body length excluding head is 6-7 mm for Emparka, 9-13 mm for
other genera of the Libyaspis-group.
Included species
mayumbensis (Schouteden, 1909) comb. nov. from Cantharodes (Za'ire)***
polita (Villiers, 1967) comb. nov. from Isoplatys (Cameroun)***
Cantharodes Westwood
(figs. 12-33)
Plataspis (~antharodes) Westwood, 1847 a: 245, 1847b: 67. Type-species: Plataspis caenosus
Westwood by monotypy.
Cantharodes Westwood; Dallas, 1851: 72.
Apotomogonius Montandon, 1892: 301. Type-species: Apotomogonius exornatus Montandon by
monotypy.
t~ounded or subrectangular insects of length 10-16ram including head. Body
height 0"3~)'5 times length excluding head.
Head half as long as broad, mandibular plates slightly concave above. Males with
a small spur posterior to each eye and a spur on underside of mandibular plates
between each antennal insertion and labrum. Antennae with segment I glabrous,
subcylindrical; II short; III and IV narrow basally; V fusiform. Segments III to V
with hairs whose length is half width of segment.
Pronotum broad. Underside with lateral flanges and sterna glabrous. Scutellum
broad, with a slight median carina, less dcclivous submarginally. Femora reaching
lateral margins of body in males, two-thirds to margin in females, slightly flattened
laterally, shining, with a moderate covering of hairs and a sparse ventral fringe of
hairs. Tibiae approximately three-quarters length of corresponding femora. Second
tarsomere four times longer than first.
Abdominal sternites slightly convex, marginally slightly concave, shining, with a
sparse pilosity. Coarse spot located posterolaterad of each spiracle.
Ground colour sordid yellow to orange with or without patches of brown-black
maculae. Species having well-defined patches also possess distinctive dark-brown
ring on pronotum and scutellum (figs. 14, 16, 17).
A dark line along overlap of mandibular plates and sometimes an obscure dark
spot on each side of this line.
Exocorium and endocorium continue colour pattern of the scutellum, clavus and
axillary scleritcs dark brown to black. Femora red.
Included species
subgenus Cantharodes Westwood:
caenosus (Wcstwood, 1847) (Liberia)***
jaspideus (Fairmaire, 1858) (Gabon, Cameroun, Zai're, Congo, Fernando Poo,
Nigeria)***
= tibialis Montandon, 1896
=lujai Schouteden, 1911 syn. nov.
nubilosus Montandon, 1892 syn. revoked (Zai're)***
rutherfordi Distant, 1878 (Cameroun)***
48 L. J e s s o p
subgenus Apotomogonius Montandon:

b o u v i e r i M o n t a n d o n , 1896 (Zaire, ?Congo)***
= c o n g o l e n s i 8 S c h o u t e d e n , 1909 syn. nov.
e x o r n a t u s ( M o n t a n d o n , 1892) (Zaire)**
g o w d e y i (Miller, 1955) ( U g a n d a , Z d i r e ) * * *
macutatu8 ( M o n t a n d o n , 1896) (Gabon, Za'/re, C a m e r o u n , Central African
Republic)***
= v i c i n u s (Miller, 1955) syn. nov.
s c h m i t z i sp. nov. (Za'fre)***
s c h o u t e d e n i sp. nov. (Zai're)***
K e y to s u b g e n e r a a n d species o f C a n t l t a r o d e s
1 Larger (total length 12-16 mm). Parameres with hypophyses comma-shaped (fig. 22).
Vesica sinuous in vertical plane and with subapical flanges. Exocorium elongate
(fig. 12) [Cantharodes (Cantharodes)] . . . 2
- Smaller (total length 10-13 ram). Parameres with hypophyses long, thin and pointed
(fig. 23). Vesica hooked in vertical plane, without subapical flanges. Exocorium
rounded (fig. 13). [Cantharodes (Apotomogonius)] 5
2 Tibiae orange . 3
- Tibiae r e d . . . . 4
3 Convex: ratio of length excluding head to height approximately 2 : 1. Dark markings
arranged in a discrete pattern. Mandibular plates not or slightly produced in front
of eyes {fig. 14). (Zai're, Congo, Cameroun, Fernando Poo, Nigeria) . jaspideus
- Flattened: ratio of length excluding head to height approximately 2-6-3: 1. Dark
markings diffuse, as scattered maculae not arranged as discrete patches. Head
produced in front of eyes (fig. 15). (Liberia) . caenosus
4 Scutellum with raised median boss (fig. 19). Scutellum 1"6 times broader than long.
Underside of mandibular plates red-brown. (ZaYre) rutherfordi
- Scutellum without raised median boss (fig. 20). Scutellum not as broad (approximately
1"5 times broader than long). Underside of mandibular plates red with yellow
markings. (Cameroun) . . nubilosus
5 Body less convex, ratio of length excluding head to height 2"7-3'3 : 1. Aedeagus with
dorsal conjunctival process long and bilobed. (Larger, length excluding head
10'2-11'8ram. Anterolateral angles of pronotum explanate (fig. 17)) . . 6
Body more convex, ratio of length excluding head to height 2-2"6:1. Aedeagus
-
with dorsal conjunctival process reduced. (Smaller, length excluding head

8"3-11-0 ram, Anterolateral angles of pronotum rounded) . . 8
6 Colour pattern consisting principally of a large dark spot on the scutellum surrounded
by a yellow annulus with two small dark spots, then a dark annulus, then an outer
orange annulus . 7
- Colour pattern not as above; as shown in fig. 16. (Zg/re). schmitzi
7 Pronotum with a dark bar along posterior margin, separating yellow disc from
scutellum. Underside of anterolateral flanges brown margined with orange. (Zaire)
exornatu8
- Yellow mark on disk of pronotum contiguous with yellow mark on scutellum.
Underside of anterolateral flanges of pronotum orange. (Za'/re, ?Congo) bouvieri
8 Tibiae orange/yellow. Females smaller, length excluding head 9"5-10'3mm (Zai're,
Central African Republic, Cameroun, Rwanda) . . maculatus
- Tibiae red (sometimes orange at base and apex). Females larger, length exluding head
10-11 mm . 2
9 Base of seutellum with four yellow spots (fig. 32), inner two often joined by a narrow
bridge of yellow. Yellow mark on disc of pronotum divided by a median dark
stripe. (Za'/re) . schoutedeni
- Base of scutellum without four yellow spots (fig. 33). Yellow disc of pronotum
sometimes with several dark maculae medially, but not usually divided by a
median stripe. (Uganda, Zai're) . gowdeyi
Libyaspis-group 49
12
14
13
16
15
17
19
FIGs. 12-20. Cantharodesspp.: 12. exocorium of forewing ofjaspideus, typical for subgenus
Cantharodes; 13. exocorium offorewing ofbouvieri, typical for subgenus Apotomogonius;
14. jaspideus 3; 15. head and pronotum of caenosus 3, extent of calli indicated by
broken line; 16. schmitzi 3; 17. bouvieri 3; 18. head and pronotum ofnubilosus 3; 19.
profile of rutherfordi 3; 20. profile of nubilosus c~; 14 and 16-18 with typical pattern
illustrated on left half, 14 schematic..
50 L. Jessop
C a n t h a r o d e s subgenus C a n t h a r o d e s Westwood
Subrectangular insects, length excluding head ll-5-14'0mm. Pronotum with
four bosses, variously developed in different species. Pseudoscutellum (transverse
raised area at base of scutellum) weakly developed. Forewings with exocorium
elongate, not broadly rounded as in subgenus Apotomogonius (figs. 12, 13).
Posterior facies of pygophore broadly rounded ventrally, laterally sub-parallel,
dorsally slightly biconvex. Subdorsal keel often with two groups of hairs directed
ventrad. From subdorsal keel to proctiger is a central raised area (fig. 22). Parameres
with hypophyses comma-shaped, arm of the comma lying mesad. Triangular spur
present between parameres above subdorsal keel, which may have fine transverse
striae.
Aedeagus not particularly useful in species-level taxonomy in this subgenus.
Conjunctiva short and unpigmented, bearing a short triangular dorsal process and a
pair of tongue-like ventrolateral processes. Vesica strongly sclerotised, broad, long,

slightly sinuous dorsoventrally, and with a pair of subapical flanges (figs 24-27).
C a n t h a r o d e s ( C a n t h a r o d e s ) c a e n o s u s (Westwood)
(figs. 15, 27)
Plataspis (Cantharodes) caenosa Westwood, 1847 a: 245, 1847 b: 67.
Cantharodes caenosa Westwood; Dallas, 1851: 72.
Length along midline excluding head, 12"8-14"3mm (mean 13'4); maximum
width of pronotum, 11,5-12-5 mm (mean ll'9); maximum width of scutellum, 12"5-
13"3 mm (mean 12'8); length of head, 3-6-4"25 mm (mean 3"9); proportion of head in
front of eyes, 0"44-0'50 (mean 0"47). (n = 7).
Mandibular plates produced in front of eyes, then obtusely angled and almost
straight to midline (fig. 15). Underside of mandibular plates shining, with fine
reticulate striae. Ratio of lengths of antennal segments I : II : I I I : IV : V as
1"0 : 0"l : 1"0 : 0"9 : 1"0. Rostrum reaching mid coxae, ratio of segments I : II : I I I : IV
as 1"0: 1'7: 1'7: 1"3.
Pronotum broad (fig. 15), four bosses well developed, densely maculate.
Scutellum with a broad transverse ridge.
Vesica with subapical flanges weakly produced (fig. 27).
Ground colour dirty or muddy-yellow to brown, surface non-shining, maculae
not arranged in discrete patches, but darker brown areas present on mandibular
plates, anterior part ofpronotum (especially on calli), and in a broad U-shaped band
on the scutellum. Transverse ridges on scutellum, and two streaks laterally on
pseudoscutellum pale brown.
Apex of anteclypeus dark brown, underside of mandibular plates dark red with
yellow patches.
Each inner pronotal boss with a light brown rectangular mark whose long axis is
directed towards anterolateral angle. Tibiae orange.
Material examined
LECTOTYPE~, Liberia, Cape Palmas (Sav~le) (University Museum, Oxford), here
designated.
PAR.XLFZ('TO'rVPES: 1~, 44, Liberia, (tape Palmas (University Museum, Oxford).
Additional material: l~, West Africa (BMNH).
L ibyasyis-gro u p 51
Cantharodes (Cantharodes) j a s p i d e u s (Fairmaire)

(figs. 12, 14, 22, 24, 31)
Plataspis jaspidea Fairmaire, in Thomson, 1858: 275, pl. 9 fig. 4.
Coptosoma? jaspideus Fairmaire; Haglund, 1894: 392.
Cantharodes tibiaIis Montandon, 1896a: 93. Synonymizcd by Montandon, 1896b: 436.
Cantharode~" lujai Schouteden, 1911: 184. Syn. nov.
Males: length along midline excluding head, ll'O-12"5mm (mean 11"9);
maximum width of pronotum, 10"0-11-3ram (mean 10"6); maximum width of
scutellum, 11-2-12"6mm (mean 11"8); length of head, 3-2-4"0mm (mean 3"6).
(~=6).
Females: length along midline excluding head, 12'3-15'0mm (mean 13"8);
maximum width of pronotum, 10"6~,12"2mm (mean 11"2); maximum width of
seutellum 12"2-14-0 mm (mean 12-9); head length, 3"3-3-6mm (mean 3"4). (n=9).
Proportion of head in front of eyes (males and females) 0"38-0"50 (mean=0"40).

Mandibular plates rounded, not produced in front of eyes. Ratio of length of
antennal segments I : II : III :IV : V as l'0 : 0"1 : 1"0:0"85 : l'0. Ratio of rostral
segments I : II :III : IV as 1-0 : 1"3 : 1"3 : 1"3.
Shape ofpronotum as in fig. 14. Scutellum with median keel slightly developed.
Vesica with subapical flanges broad (fig. 24).
Anteclypeus black, frons with a median longitudinal yellow stripe expanded
anteriorly to form an arrow-shaped mark. Underside of mandibular plates dark red.
Typical colour pattern of pronotum and scutellum as in fig. 14, ground colour
yellow to orange-yellow, dark patches brown to black.
Legs with femora and tarsi red, tibiae orange.
Remar]~8
The dark markings on the pronotum and scutellum are variable in extent.
Cantharodes lujai falls within the range of variation ofjaspideus.
Material examined
HOLOTYPES: Canthawdes tibialis ~, Gabon, Ssibange, 21.i. 1885 (Soyaux) (BMNH).
Cantharodes lujai ~, Za'ire, KasaL Kondue (Luja) (Musde d'Histoire Naturelle,
Luxembourg).
Additional material: Cameroun: 1~, Rohde, Mundame, Za'ire: 1~, 79, Kivu, Mont
Kahuzi; Mayumbe; Zobe; Equateur, Boende; Kwango, Kiniati-Yasa; Mayidi;
Tshuapu, Flandria; Yangambe (MRAC Tervuren), Congo: 19, Benito, Fernando
Poo: 2~, 19, Sa. Isabel, Nigeria: 19, l~, Ibadan (BMNH).
Cantharodes (Cantharodes) nubilosus Montandon

(figs. 18, 20, 25, 26)
Cantharodes nubilosus Montandon, 1892:299
[Cantharodes rutherfc~rdi Distant; Distant, 1901: 239, incorrect synonymy.]
Males: length along midline excluding head, 11-3-13"2mm (mean 12"1);
maximum width of pronotum, 10-2-11"Tram (mean 11"1); maximum width of
scutellum, ll'5-13"0mm (mean 12-2); length of head, 3'1-3"7mm (mean 3"5}.
(n= 17).
52 L. Jessop
Females: length along midline excluding head, 12"5-13"8mm (mean 13"1);

maximum width of pronotum 10-5-11'3ram (mean 10"9); maximum width of
seutellum, 11"8-13"3mm (mean 12"5); length of head 2-9-3-4mm (mean 3"2).
(n=21).
Surface of pronotum and scutellum with faint transverse striae. Keel on
scutellum well developed.
Posterior facies of pygophore with lateral margin sinuous but not indented
medially (compare rutherfordi). Vesica of holotype with broad subapical flanges
(fig. 25), specimens from Congo da Lemba and Haut-Uele with poorly developed
flanges, similar to those of caenosus (fig. 26).
Anteclypeus yellow, often darker apically. Frons with yellow arrow-shaped mark
as jaspide~s. Mandibular plates sometimes with diffuse dark transverse band.
Underside of mandibular plates dark red with anterior two-thirds yellow (with red
patches in some specimens) and midline red.

P a t t e r n of markings on pronotum and scutellum similar to jaspideus, but dark
ring less obscure.
Femora and tibiae red.
Remarks
This species was wrongly synonymized with ruthe~fordi b S Distant (1901). The
species differ in the following: (1) rut]~erfordi has a median boss on the scutellum (figs
19, 20), (2) rutherfordi has a broader scutellum (1"6 times broader than long, never as
broad as this in nubilosus), (3) the dorsal margin of the posterior face of the
pygophore is indented medially in rutherfordi and not in nubilosus and (4) nubilosus
has a yellow patch on the underside of each mandibular plate, while the underside of
the mandibular plates in rutherfordi is dark red.
Although there is variation in the shape of the subapical flanges of the vesica in
specimens of nubilosus examined, the uniformity of somatic characters indicates
that this is intra- rather than inter-specific variation.
Material examined
HOLOTYPE ~, Congo (Gambey) (BMNH)
Additional material: Zai're: 54~, 67~, Lulua Kabomba; Congo da Lemba; Haut-
Uele, Yebo Moto; P.N.U., Kaziba; Bas Congo, Lemfu; Ganda, Sundi; Stanleyville,
Yangambi (MRAC Tervuren).
Cantharodes ( Cantharodes) rutherfordi Distant

(fig. 19)
Cantharodes rutherfordi Distant, 1878: 246.
Length along midline excluding head 12"5 ram; maximum width of pronotum,
11 mm; maximum width ofscutellum, 12"6 mm; length of head 3"5 mm; proportion of
head in front of eyes, 0"4.(n= 1).
Mandibular plates slightly produced in front of eyes, then rounded. Ratio of
length of antennal segments I : II : I I I : IV : V as 1"0 : 0-1 : 0"85 : 0"7:0"9, ratio of
rostral segments I : II : I I I : IV as 1"0 : 1'7 : 1-7 : 1"3.
Shape of pronotum similar to jaspideus. Anterolateral flanges with several
transverse striae. Scutellum broad, posterolateral angles more sharply angled than
jaspideus, giving a more rectangular appearance. Keel on scutellum well developed.
A median raised boss present posterior to pseudoscutellum (fig. 19).
Libyaspis group 53
Pygophore with lateral margins sinuous, dorsal margin incised medially,

subdorsal keel with a (lense pilosity. Vesica damaged in specimen examined.
Anteclypeus dark red-brown, frons with a yellow arrow-shaped mark, man-
dibular plates with dark maculae generally distributed, but with a lighter chevron-
shaped band near posterior margin and a second band anterior to this along crest of a
slight ridge. Underside of head dark red.
Colour of thorax similar to jaspideus. Legs dark red, first tarsomeres lighter in
colour.
Remarks
Because of a synonymy between rutherfordi and nubilosus (revoked in the present
paper) there are some records of this species in Za'/re (Schouteden (1909, 1917)).
These specimens have been examined and are referable to nubilosus.
Material examined
HOLOTYPE: ~, (BMNH). There are no collection data with the specimen, but
Distant gave 'Camerouns (Rutherford)' in the original description.
Cantharodes subgenus A p o t o m o g o n i u s Montandon

Rounded insects, length excluding head 8"5-12"5 mm.
Exocorium broadly rounded (fig. 12). Pseudoscutellum weakly developed or
absent. Four bosses on pronotum weakly developed.
Pygophore similar to nominate subgenus, in bouvieri and exornatus posterior
facies subrectangular with subdorsal keel well developed. Parameres with hypo-
physes long, thin, pointed, bent through a 90 angle (fig. 21). Ventrolateral
conjunctival processes short, dorsal conjunctival process either long and bifid or
vestigial. Vesica hooked, not dorsoventrally flattened, without subapical flanges.
Apotomogonius can be divided into two species-groups. In the first (bouvieri,
exornatus, schmitzi), the body is less convex (length excluding head 2"7-3'3 times
height) and angular in outline and the dorsal conjunctival process is almost as long as
the vesica and bifid. The second group (maculatus, gowdeyi, schoutedeni) are more
convex (length excluding head 2-2-6 times height), the body is rounded in outline,
and the dorsal conjunctival process reduced and not bifid.
Remarks
Synonymy of Apotomoqonius with Cantlxtrodes was tentatively suggested by
Bergroth (1908). Schouteden (1909) treated Apotomogonius as a subgenus of
Cantharodes. The presence of the postocular spur in males, the compressed body and
the distinctive eolour pattern (with a dark ring on pronotum and scutellum) merit
placing the two taxa together as subgenera.
Cantharodes ( A p o t o m o g o n i u s ) bouvieri Montandon

(figs. 13, 17, 23, 28)
Cantharodes bouvieri Montandon, 1986b: 438.
Cantharodes (Apotomogonius) contaolensiaSchouteden, 1909: 13. Syn. nov.
Males: length along midline excluding head, 10"2-11-2mm (mean 10"7); ma-
ximum width ofpronotum, 9"8-11"2 mm (mean 10"4); maximum width of scutellum,
10"0-10"9 mm (mean 10"5); length of head 3'30-3'55 mm (mean 3"46); proportion of
head in front of eyes, 0"40-0"44 (mean 0"42). (n=5).
54 L. J e s s o p
....._._
21
22
23
24 25 26
27
29
31
Fins. 21-31. Cantharodes spp.: 21. pygophore of schmitzi; 22. pygophore ofjaspideus; 23.
pygophore ofbouvieri; 24. vesica ofjaspideus, dorsal aspect; 25-26. vesicas ofnubilosus,
dorsal aspect; 27. vesica of caenosa, dorsal aspect; 28. vesica of bouvieri, left lateral
aspect; 29. vesica ofmaculatus, left lateral aspect; 30. tip ofaedeagus ofschmitzi, ventral
aspect; 31. tip of aedeagus ofjaspideus, dorsal aspect.
Libyaspis-group 55
Females: length along midline excluding head, 11'8-12'3mm (mean 12"2);

maximum width of pronotum, 10-0-10"3mm (mean 10-15); maximum width of
scutellum, 10'5-11'5mm (mean 11"3); length of head 3-1-3-4mm (mean (3"24);
proportion of head in front of eyes, 0"34-0"38 (mean 0~37). (n = 6).
Mandibular plates produced in front of eyes, then sharply rounded, anterior
margin almost straight. Ratio of length of antennal segments I : II :III : IV :V as
1'0:0"15:0"85:0'7:1"05. Rostrum reaching mid eoxwe, ratio of segments
I : I I : I I I :IV as 1"0: 1"5: 1-5: 1"1.
Pronotum with anterolateral angles produced into broad flanges (fig. 17), lateral
pair of calli poorly developed. Some specimens with approximately ten fine striae on
disc of pronotum, some with a row of punctures along posterior margin, or a
submarginal inpressed line.
Pseudoscutellum poorly developed. Scutellum of some specimens with sparse
longitudinal or transverse striae.

Posterior facies ofpygophore as in fig. 23. Lateral margin shining, with a rugose
band internal to this. Subdorsal keel well developed, bearing dense pilosity. Central
depression shallow, ventral keel transversely striate, ventral tubercle shining.
Aedeagus as in fig. 28.
Dorsal eonjunetival process large and bifid, ventrolateral processes tongue-like
(right process about twice as long as left).
Colour pattern consisting of a large brown-black spot on disc of pronotum
surrounded by a yellow annulus bearing two brown-black patches (anterolateral to
first spot) and about thirty maculae. This annulus surrounded by a brown-black
annulus fading at its outer edge into outermost annulus of orange with scattered
maculae. Dark bar present at posterolateral angles of pronotum extending across
wing onto seutellum (fig. 17).
Mandibular plates orange, often with a darker diffuse chevron at level of base of
anteelypeus. Underside orange with brown maculae, with a broad, dark brown,
shining band along hind margin (extending forwards to level of antennal insertions).
Underside of anterolateral pronotal flanges light orange-brown.
Remark~
It can be seen from the measurements that there is sexual dimorphism in this
species, the females being longer, broader across the seutellum, and narrower across
the pronotum than males. The head of males is more strongly produced in front of the
eyes. Sehouteden was not aware of this dimorphism, when he erected congolensis he
had seen only males of his new species and only females of bouvieri.
Schouteden (1909) gives very good eoloured plates ofbouvieri (as congolensis) and
exornatus.
Material examined
Type material: Cantlwtrodes bouvieri lectotype ~, Congo, 1893 (Thollon) (BMNH),
here designated.
Paralectotypes, 2~, Congo, 1893 (Thollon) (one specimen BMNH, one specimen
MRAC Tervuren).
Cantha~r)des congolensis lectotype 3, Za'ire, Kasai' (Iamans) (MRAC Tervuren), here
designated.
Paralectotype 3, Zaire, Boma (MRAC Tervuren).
Additional material: Zai're: 33, 3~, Equateur, Flandria; Bolobo; Kasa'/, Kondue;
Stanleyville, Yangambi (MRAC Tervuren).
56 L. Jessop
Cantharodes (Apotomogonius) exornatus (Montandon)

Apotomogonius exornatus Montandon, 1892: 302.
Cantharodes (Apotomogonius) exornatus Montandon; Schouteden, 1909: 15.
Cantharodes exornatus Montandon; Schouteden, 1917 b: 18.
Males: length along midline excluding head, 9"2ram; maximum width of
pronotum, 8-7 mm; maximum width of scutellum, 9"5 mm; length of head, 2"9 mm;
proportion of head in front of eyes, 0"39 ( n = 1).
Females: length along midline excluding head, l l-8mm; maximum width o f
pronotum, 9'7 ram; maximum width of scutellum, 11"2 mm; length of head, 2'9 mm;
proportion of head in front of eyes, 0"38 ( n = 1).
Mandibular plates rounded, not produced in front of eyes. Ratio of length of
antennal segments I : II : I I I : IV :V as l'0 : 0"l : 1-1 : 0"9 : 1"25, ratio of rostral seg-
ments I : II : I I I : IV as l'0 : 2-0 : 1-55 : 1"3.
Pygophore with large subdorsal keel as in bouvieri.

Underside of mandibular plates with anterior half orange maculated with red-
brown, posterior half and hind margin of head red-brown.
Colour pattern of pronotum similar to bouvieri but with a dark bar across
posterior margin separating yellow disc front yellow annulus ofscutellum. This dark
bar not extending to lateral margins ofpronotum. Underside of anterolateral flanges
laterally orange, mesally red-brown. Scutellar markings similar to bouvieri but with
dark brown-black annulus spotted with yellow. Posterolateral angles of orange
annulus with a dark brown crescent-shaped mark forming a section of a second dark-
brown annulus.
Material examined
H()I~()TVPE: d, Congo, Chutes de Samlia, Riv. N. Gamic (Macquerys) (Institut Royal
des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles).
Additional material: Za'l're: 1~, Mayumbe (MRAC Tervuren).
Cantharodes ( A p o t o m o g o n i u s ) s c h m i t z i sp. nov.

(figs. 16, 21, 30)
Males: length along midline excluding head, 10"8-11.2 mm (mean 11"0); maxi-
mum width of pronotum, 10'5-10-8 mm (mean 10"7); maximum width of scutellum,
10'8-11"2 mm (mean 11"0); length of head, 2"87-3-12 mm (mean 3-00); proportion of
head in front of eyes, 0"40-0-44 (mean 0-42). ( n = 5).
Females: length along midline excluding head, ll.8-12"5mm (mean 12"15);
maximum width of pronotum, 10"0-10-8mm (mean 10'4); maximum width of
scutellum, l l ' 0 - 1 1 - 8 m m (mean 11"4); length of head, 2"81-2"87mm (mean 2-84);
proportion of head in front of eyes, 0-37-0"38 (mean 0'375). (n= 2).
Mandibular plates produced in front of eyes (fig. 16), slightly more so in males
than females. Ocelli near to front margin of pronotum (more posterior than other
Cantharodes species). Ratio of lengths of antennal segments I : II : I I I : IV : V as
1'0:0'15:0"8: 0"8; 1"0, rostrum reaching hind coxae, ratio of lengths of segments
I : II : I I I : IV as 1"0 : 1-3 : 1"4 : 1-0.
P r o n o t u m with calli well developed. Scutellum with faint transverse or reticulate
striae, pseudoscutellum poorly developed.
Libyaspis-group 57
Pygophore with subdorsal keel not well developed as in bouvieri (figs. 21, 23) but
narrow, coarsely sculptured, and with a dense fringe of hairs. Subventral keel coarse,
ventral tubercle shining. Conjunctiva with a large bifid dorsal process, almost as long
as vesica, a pair ofventrolateral processes, the right one twice as long as the left, and
a pair of small boss-like ventral processes. (fig. 30).
Ground colour sordid yellow, marked with a dark brown-black irregularly shaped
ring comprised o f a broad U on seutellum and a ~micircular mark on pronotum
(fig. 16).
Underside of head red with semicircular patches of yellow (maculated with red)
on each mandibular plate, extending two-thirds to the antennal insertion; in some
specimens with a thin yellow marginal band extending from eyes to the midline.
Segments I and II of antenna with a longitudinal yellow stripe, in segment I I I a
similar stripe present, but may be only in apical half.
P r o n o t u m with underside of anterolateral flanges with lateral margins edged

with yellow, rest dark red. A hammer-shaped brown mark on each inner pronotal
callus, usually centred with yellow. Further dark patches on the anterolateral flanges
of pronotum, on eorium and adjacent part of scutellum, and on posterolateral angles
of seutellum. Midline of the scutellum obscurely dark. Legs with eoxa yellow,
trochanter and femur light red, tibia orange-yellow (at least at base, in some
specimens concolorous with the femora), tarsi light red.
Remarks
The long pointed parameres, flattened profile, and large bifid dorsal con-
junctival process place this species in the subgenus Apotomogonius, and in the same
species group as bouvieri and exornatus. I t can be separated from the last two species
by the colour pattern which is not formed into the brown-black + yellow + brown-
b l a c k + o r a n g e system of annuli. The large subdorsal keel of the pygophore in
bouvieri contrasts with the narrow keel of schmitzi.
Material examined
HOLOTYrE: ~, Za'ire, Jesenge [Tesenge?], Faradje, 16.ii.1930 (Collaert) (MRAC
Tervuren).
PARATVPES: 43, 1 ~, same collection data as holotype (23, 1~ in MRAC Tervuren,
23 in BMNH); 1~, Za'/re, Lulua, Tandoa, x.1930 (Overlaert) (MRAC Tervuren).
Cantharodes (Apotomogonius) m a c u l a t u s (Montandon)

(fig. 29)
Apotomogonius maculatus Montandon, 1896 a: 95.
Cantharodes (Cantharodes) maculatus Montandon; Schouteden, 1909: 14.
Cantharodes (Cant]utrodes) maculatus var. funebris Schouteden, 1909: 14.
Apotomogonius vicinus Miller, 1955: 589. Syn. nov.
Males: length along midline excluding head, 8"3-9-2 mm (mean 8"9); maximum
width of pronotum, 7-5-8"8mm (mean 8'2); maximum width of scutellum, 8"5-
9'7 mm (mean 9"2); length of head, 2"30-2'56 mm (mean 2"41); proportion of head in
front of eyes, 0"36-0-41 mm (mean 0"39). (n = 8).
Females: length along midline excluding head, 9-5-10-3mm (mean 9"9);
maximum width ofpronotum, 7"8-8'5 mm (mean 8' 1); maximum width of scutellum,
58 L. Jessop
9"2-10"0 mm (mean 9"5); length of head, 2-3-2"5 mm (mean 2"37); proportion of head
in front of eyes, 0"32-0"35 mm (mean 0"34) (n=4).
length of antennal segments I : II : I I I : IV: V as l'0:0"15:0"85:0"8 : 1"0. Rostrum
reaching to between mid and hind coxae, ratio of segments I : I I : I I I : I V as
1"0 : 2-0 : 1"5 : 1"0.
Posterior facies of pygophore similar to that ofschmitzi (fig. 21). Aedeagus with
dorsal conjunctival process poorly developed, ventrolateral processes small. Vesica
in some specimens with a ventral crest and with the eye of the hook partly filled by a
weakly sclerotized cuticular membrane.
Ground colour yellow to orange-brown, with extensive dark brown markings.
Amount of dark brown marking variable, basic pattern consisting of: anteclypeus
and frons dark brown with a dark brown line extending forwards at junction of
mandibular plates, dark brown triangular marks mesad of each eye. Scattered
maculae on mandibular plates m a y merge to form patches. P r o n o t u m dark brown at
anterolateral and posterolaterat angles, on anterior margin behind irons, with a
semicircular mark (anterior component of a ring) and hind margin usually broadly
dark brown. Disc of pronotum yellow. Corium usually entirely dark brown,
sometimes flecked with yellow. Scutellum with a broad median brown stripe
(sometimes incomplete) flanked at anterior margin by a pair of round dark brown
spots. A U-shaped mark forms the posterior component of a ring. Anterolateral and
posterolateral areas of scutellum with dark brown patches.
Underside of mandibular plates dark red. Antennae with a yellow stripe on
segment I I I sometimes extending to segments I and IV.
Legs with femora and tarsi orange-red, tibiae orange-yellow.
Remarks
The colour pattern is similar in maculatus, gowdeyi and schoutedeni, but in gowdeyi
the median pronotal stripe does not extend posterior to the ring and in schoutedeni
there is a median dark stripe across the yellow pronotal disc and four characteristic
yellow spots at the anterior margin of the scutellum.
The holotype of vicinus is indistinguishable from specimens at the lighter end of
the range of variation found in maculatus. Schouteden gave the name var.funebris to
darker specimens, however these can be considered as one extreme of a rather
variable species there being no evidence that these dark specimens represent a
subspecies.
Material examined
Type material: Apotomogonius maculatus holotype c~, Gabon, OstgBH (BMNH).
Apotomogonius maculatus var. funebris syntypes, 2!~, Zai're, Mayumbe (MRAC
Tervuren).
Apotom@onius vicinus holotype c~, Central African Republic, Yalinga, 0ubangui
(le Testu) (BMNH).
Additional material: Cameroun: 4~, Mundame; 'Kamerun'; M'Balmayo,
M'Barga, Rwanda: 1~, Terr. Shangugu, Dendezi, ZaYre: 4~, 2~, Mukana; Kaziba;
Equateur, Flandria; Loanda; Ganda, Sundi; Eala, Central African Republic: lc~,
F o r t Sibut (MRAC Tervuren).
Libyaspis-group 59
Cantharodes (Apotomogonius) gowdeyi (Miller)

(fig. 33)
Apotomogonius gowdeyi Miller, 1955: 591.
Males: length along midline excluding head, 9-3mm; maximum width of
pronotum, 8"3 ram; maximum width of scutellum, 9"5 mm; length of head, 2"56 mm;
proportion of head in front of eyes, 0"36. (n = 1).
Females: length along midtine excluding head, 10-3-10"6mm (mean 10"46);
maximum width ofpronotum, 8'5-8"8 mm (mean 8"7); maximum width ofscutellum
10"2-10-5 mm (mean 10"36); length of head, 2"44-2"62 mm (mean 2"54); proportion of
head in front of eyes, 0"35-0"38 (mean 0-36). ( n = 8).
length of antennal segments I : II : I I I : IV : V as 1"0 : 0'15 : 0"75 : 0"75 : 1"1. Rostrum
reaching to hind coxae, ratio of length of segments I : II : I I I : IV as 1"0 : 1"5 : 1"6 : 0"95.
Male genitalia as in maculatus.

Ground colour orange-brown, pattern of dark markings similar to maculatus but
longitudinal dark mark on scutellum not extending posterior to the ring (fig. 33).
Underside of mandibular plates dark red with anterior margin slightly lighter.
Antennae dark red, not marked with yellow.
Legs red, sometimes tibiae with apex and base orange.
Remarks
This species can be separated from maeulatus on the size of the females (see key)
and cotour of the tibiae (red in gowdeyi, orange-yellow in maculatus).
Material examined
HOLOTYPE: ~, Uganda, Toro, 13.iii.1912 (Gowdey) (BMNH).
Additional material. Zai're: 8~, Bili Lebe, (MRAC Tervuren).
32 ~a
FIGS. 32-33. Cantharodesslop.: 32. schoutedeni; 33 gowdeyi. Typical pattern indicated on left
half, outline of patches indicated on right half.
60 L. Jessop
Cantharodes (Apotomogonius) schoutedeni sp. nov.

(fig. 32)
Males: length along midline excluding head, 8"8-10"2mm (mean 9'6); maximum
width of pronotum, 7"8-9-3mm (mean 8"7); maximum width of scutellum, 8"8-
10"5 mm (mean 9-7); length of head, 2'56-3'0 mm (mean 2-71); proportion of head in
front of eyes, 0"34-0-44 (mean 0"39). (n= 8).
Females: length along midline excluding head, 10"0-11'0mm (mean 10"5);
maximum width ofpronotum, 8"5-9"3mm (mean 8"9); maximum width ofscuteltum,
10"0-1 l'0 mm (mean 10'5); length of head 2"3-2'7 mm (mean 2"55); proportion of head
in front of eyes, 0'31-0'38 (mean 0"345). (n=9).
Mandibular plates rounded, sometimes slightly produced in front of eyes. Ratio
of length of antennal segments I :II :III :IV : V as 1'0:0'15:0"8:0-75 : l'0. Rostrum
reaching hind coxae, ratio of length of segments I : II : I I I : IV as 1"0 : 1"65 : 1-4 : 1"0.
Male genitalia as in maculatus.

Ground colour yellow to sordid yellow, pseudoscutellum and front ofpronotum
often yellow-brown. Colour pattern similar to maculatus; yellow disc of pronotum
always bisected by a median dark line; four distinct yellow spots present on fore-
margin ofscutellum (fig. 32), the inner two often joined by a narrow bridge of yellow.
Median dark stripe on the scutellum sometimes continuing posterior to the ring.
Underside of mandibular plates dark red, anterior margin slightly lighter.
Antennae variable in colour, sometimes totally red, sometimes with base and
apex of segments I, III, and IV ochrous yellow or with the lateral part of these
segments yellow, or with only segment I yellow.
Legs usually red, base and apex of tibiae sometimes yellow.
In one specimen the legs, antennae, and abdominal ventrites are entirely yellow.
Remarks
Both males and females of this species are slightly larger than those ofmaculatus
(although the ranges overlap), the tibiae in maculatus are yellow-orange and in
schoutedeni usually red. The colour patterns of the two species show the differences
noted above.
The species schoutedeni and gowdeyi can not be separated on size, but the colour
patterns have distinct differences (figs. 32, 33), the disc of the pronotum is not
usually bisected by a dark line in gowdeyi, and four small yellow spots are present on
the anterior margin of the scutellum in schoutedeni.
Material examined
HOLOTYPE: C?, ZaYre, Lulua, Kapanga, x.1932 (Overlaet) (MRAC Tervuren).
PARATYPES: Zai're: ld, Haut-Uele, Yebo Moto, vii.1926 (Burgeon); ld, Boma,
17.vii.1939 (Vleeschouwers); 1~, Katompe, v.1935 (Seydel); 1~, Kapanga, xii.1932
(Overlaet); ld, Kasa?', Kondue, (Leohard); lg, Luluabourg, [18194 (Colo) (all in MRAC
Tervuren); 2d~, 3~, Sankuru, Kondue (Luja) (1~, 1(? in BMNIt, 1~, 2~ in MRAC
Tervuren); 3d, 4~, Yangambi, 1953 (Donis) (ld~, 1~ in BMNH, 2d, 3~ in MRAC
Tervuren).
Summary
The position of the family Plataspidae within Pentatomoidea is discussed. Eight
genera including Libyaspis Kirkaldy are described or redescribed and are recognized
Libyaspis-group 61
as comprising a natural group. Keys for their separation are presented. The ten
species of the genus Cantharodes Westwood are described or redeseribed and keyed.
Two new genera are founded: Arefbea for Ceratocoris dama Bergroth (type-species)
and Ceratocoris capreolus Heinze, and Empar]ca for Canth~rodes mayumbensis
Sehouteden (type-species) and Isoplatys polita Villiers. Two new species, Cantharodes
schmitzi and Cantharodes schoutedeni are described from Zaire. The synonymies
Isoplatys Montandon (=Gelastaspis Kirkaldy;=Do]cada Schouteden;=Maesia
Sehouteden), Cantharodes maculatus Montandon (--Apotomogonius vicinus Miller),
Cantharodes jaspideus Fairmaire (= Cantharodes lujai Sehouteden) and Cantharodes
bouvieri Montandon (=Cantharodes congolensis Sehouteden) are established.
Cantharodes nubilosus Montandon is raised from s y n o n y m y with Cantharodes
rutherfordi Distant. Leetotypes are designated for Plataspis caenosa Westwood,
Cantharodes eongotensis Schouteden and Cantharodes bouvieri Montandon.
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank Dr. G. Schmitz of MRAC Tervuren, Dr. M. W. R. de V.
Graham of the University Museum, Oxford and Dr. L. geichling of the Mus@
d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg for the loan of material for this study.
References
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62 Libyaspi,~-group
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Plataspidae Related Cantharodes Review

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This article was downloaded by: [National Taiwan University]

On: 13 August 2015, At: 23:07

Journal of Natural History

A review of the genera of

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222938300770031

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A r e v i e w of the genera of P l a t a s p i d a e ( H e m i p t e r a ) related to

The Pentatomoid family Plataspidae consists of about 530 species in 56 genera

Plataspidae, Canopidae, Megarididae, Lestoniidae, Scutelleridae, Aphylidae,

(Coptosoma, Bra<'hyplatys, Libyaspis) and several smaller genera. I t was decided to

in the Libyaspis-group but not in the Coptosoma-group) may be an apomorphy

(Afrotropieal region).. Libyaspis-group

Sections of the Libyaspis-group

Fins. 1-4. Body outlines: 1. Libyaspis semiglobosa ~: 2. Ceratocoris annulatus ?; 3. Niamia

The second section consists only o f Cantharodes, including Apotomogonius as a

L. congolensis, L. punctata, Niamia angulosa).

K e y to genera o f the Libyaspis group (males)

K e y to genera o f the Libyaspis-group (females)

- Body shape rounded, convexly rounded or subrectangular, colour pattern not

colmanti Schouteden, 1908 (Zgire)**

Arefbea gen. nov.

Pygophore with posterior facies strongly rounded ventrally, divergent laterally,

Colour of abdominal sternites as for Isoplatys.

Strongly convex, subrectangular to ovoid insects of medium size (length along

Pygophore with posterior facies rounded ventrally, less rounded dorsally,

margin of scutellum and usually a spot on posterolateral border of seutellum

horvathi (Haglund, 1894)(Nigeria)**

plagifera punctulata (Montandon. 1896) (Za'ire, Gabon, Ivo~ TCoast)*

Aedeagus short, vesiea short and styliform, poorly sclerotized. Ventrolateral

subgenus Apotomogonius Montandon:

with dorsal conjunctival process reduced. (Smaller, length excluding head

pair of tongue-like ventrolateral processes. Vesica strongly sclerotised, broad, long,

Cantharodes (Cantharodes) j a s p i d e u s (Fairmaire)

Proportion of head in front of eyes (males and females) 0"38-0"50 (mean=0"40).

Cantharodes (Cantharodes) nubilosus Montandon

Females: length along midline excluding head, 12"5-13"8mm (mean 13"1);

patches in some specimens) and midline red.

Cantharodes ( Cantharodes) rutherfordi Distant

Pygophore with lateral margins sinuous, dorsal margin incised medially,

Cantharodes subgenus A p o t o m o g o n i u s Montandon

Cantharodes ( A p o t o m o g o n i u s ) bouvieri Montandon

Females: length along midline excluding head, 11'8-12'3mm (mean 12"2);

longitudinal or transverse striae.

Cantharodes (Apotomogonius) exornatus (Montandon)

Pygophore with large subdorsal keel as in bouvieri.

Cantharodes ( A p o t o m o g o n i u s ) s c h m i t z i sp. nov.

P r o n o t u m with underside of anterolateral flanges with lateral margins edged

Cantharodes (Apotomogonius) m a c u l a t u s (Montandon)

Cantharodes (Apotomogonius) gowdeyi (Miller)

Male genitalia as in maculatus.

Cantharodes (Apotomogonius) schoutedeni sp. nov.

Male genitalia as in maculatus.

Entomologique de Belgique, 40, 86-134.

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