SECTION A (ii) The outermost shell of an atom cannot 21 22 have more than 8 electrons and the 1. 10 A and 10 B are isotopes. They have same shell next to outermost (second last atomic number (z = 10) but different mass shell) shell can not have more than 18 number. electrons. (1+1 = 2 marks) 2. Sclerenchyma. (1 mark) (b) Maximum number of electrons in any shell 3. Zero, as work done W = Fs cosq (1mark) = 2n2. 4. The conventions followed while writing the scientific names are: K , L, M , N , O , P For P shell n = 6 (i) The name of the genus begins with a capital 1 2 3 4 5 6 letter. \ Maximum number of electrons = 2 62 = 72 (ii) The name of the species begins with a small letter. (1 mark) (iii) When printed, the scientific name is given 9. (a) The amount of oxygen per gram of nitrogen in italics. in NO2 should be exactly twice as that of (iv) When written by hand, the genus name and NO, as required by the formulas of the two the species name have to be underlined substances. Therefore, 2.285g oxygen separately. (2 marks) 5. (i) Poliomyelitis or Polio. would combine with 1.000g nitrogen. (ii) It can be prevented through immunization (1 marks) with oral polio vaccine. (b) No. of moles of N (1 2= 2 marks) force 6. Pressure = ( marks) 2mol of N area = (8.60 mol of O) = 3.44 mol of N The thin string exerts a large pressure on the 5molof O shoulder of the child due to its smaller area. (1 marks) A school bag has wide strap so that weight of the bag may fall over a large area of the shoulder of 10. (a) Number of O-atoms in 1 mol of O3 the child producing less pressure on the shoulder. = 3 6.023 1023 As a result it will be comfortable to carry the bag. Number of O-atoms in 1 mol of O2 (1 marks) = 2 6.023 1023 7. Work done = Force Displacement As O-atoms in 1 mol of O3 > O-atoms in 1 = 7 N 8m = 56 Nm = 56 J (2 marks) mol O2 8. (a) (i) An orbit (or energy level or shell) can Thus, Mohans answer is correct. (1 mark) accommodate a maximum of 2n 2 (b) Intelligence, decision making, problem electrons, where n is the number of solving etc. are some values displayed by orbit. Mohan. (1 mark) 1st orbit (K-shell) can have 2 12 = 2 (c) One moles of H2SO4 contains 1 mole of electrons. sulphur atoms and 4 mole of oxygen atoms. 2nd orbit (L-shell) can have 2 22 = 8 One mole of H2SO3 has 1 mole of sulphur atoms and 3 moles of oxygen atoms. electrons One mole of SO2 has 1 mole of sulphur atoms 3rd orbit (M-shell) can have 2 32 = 18 and 2 moles of oxygen atoms. (1mark) electrons
2 11. The group-Amphibia is advanced than Pisces 15. (a) In this case force is perpendicular to because (1 mark) displacement. ( q = 90) (i) The amphibians have three-chambered W = Fs cos 90 = 0 (zero work done) heart whereas fishes have two-chambered (1 mark) heart, (b) In this case F and s are in same direction. (ii) Amphibians respire through lungs while (q = 0) fishes have gills for respiration. (2 marks) W = Fs cos 0 = Fs (positive work done). 12. The coelomic cavity meant for blood circulation (1 mark) is termed as haemocoel. In haemocoel, the blood (c) In this case F and s are in opposite direction. flows freely, so this type of blood circulation is known as open type circulation. Haemocoel is (q = 180) found in the animals of phylum Arthropoda. W = Fs cos 180 (3 marks) = Fs (1) = Fs (negative work done). 13. AIDS is Acquired Immuno Deficiency syndrome, (1 mark) it is caused due to HIV, human immuno deficiency 16. (a) Law of floatation: The weight of a floating virus. This virus reduces the immunity of human body is equal to the weight of the liquid body. (1 mark) displaced by the immersed part of the body. Mode of transmission: (1 mark) (i) Sexual contact with the affected person. In (b) Density of cork is less than water, therefore, India, the most common route of HIV buoyant force is more than the weight of transmission is through unprotected sex. cork. Hence, cork floats. Whereas, the (ii) Using the same syringe as that of affected density of iron nail is more than water, therefore, the buoyant force on nail is less person. than its weight. Hence, it sinks. (2 marks) (iii) Transfusion of blood contaminated with 17. Yes, Certain bodies may possess both kinetic human immuno deficiency virus. and potential energies at the same time. A flying (iv) From mother to new born baby during bird, a flying aeroplane, and a man climbing a pregnancy or during birth. (2 marks) hill, all have kinetic energy as well as potential 14. The outer ear pinna collects the sound produced energy. A stationary stone lying at the top of a by a vibrating body. hill has only potential energy. When this stone The collected sound passes though the auditory starts rolling downwards, it has both kinetic and canal. When a compression of the medium potential energy. And when the stone reaches reaches the eardrum the pressure on the outside the bottom of the hill, it has only kinetic energy. of the membrane increases and forces the (3 marks) 18. Nitrogen is present in inert form in the nature. eardrum inward. Similarly, the eardrum moves Only few bacteria are capable of converting inert outward when a rarefaction reaches it. In this nitrogen into nitrates and nitrites which are used way eardrum vibrates. The vibrations are to make the required molecules. amplified several times by three boxes (the Nitrogen is fixed by two ways in nature. hammer, crinol and stirrup) in the middle ear. (i) Biological process Free living bacteria The middle ear transmits the amplified pressure or bacteria associated with root nodules of variations received from the sound wave to the legumes convert inert nitrogen to nitrates inner ear. In the inner ear, the pressure varations and nitrites. are turned into electrical signals by the cochlea. (ii) Physical process During lightening at These electrical signals are sent to the brain in high temperature and pressure nitrogen is the auditory nerve and brain interprets them as converted into oxides which dissolve in sound. Thus the sound produced by a vibrating water forming nitric and nitrous acid and object in a medium reach our ear. (3 marks) fall on land with rain. (3 marks)
3 19. (a) Principal takes initiative in planning (ii) Easier study for scientific research. activities to protect and improve natural (iii) Better understanding of humans environment. (1 mark) relation and dependency on other (b) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) produce active chlorine in the presence of UV organisms. radiations. These radicals catalytically (iv) Helps in cross breeding and genetic destroy ozone converting it into oxygen. engineering for commercial purposes. (1 mark) (2 marks) (c) Due to increased temperature the ice-caps would melt, there is rise in the sea-level and (b) (i) Bilaterally symmetry: When the parts it is feared that coastal areas would be of an animal body are arranged in such destroyed by flood. (1 mark) a manner that its body can be divided 20. In order to explain the objections raised for into two similar (left and right) halves Rutherfords model. Neils Bohr in 1912 gave a only by passing through the central new model of atom called Bohrs model. or medium axis. Example: Human According to this model beings (i) An atom consists of a small positively (ii) Coelom: Coelom is the internal body charged nucleus situated at its centre. cavity of most of the triploblastic (ii) The negatively charged electrons revolve animals which lie between body wall around the nucleus in certain definite and visceral organs and is formed by circular paths called energy levels. the splitting of mesoderm into outer (iii) Each energy level is associated with a and inner layers. Example: Earthworm, definite amount of energy. chordates. (iv) The energy levels are either numbered (iii) Triploblastic: The animals having 1, 2, 3, 4 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4 ....) or designated as K, three primary embryonic cell layers L, M, N ..... viz., the ectoderm, mesoderm and outwards from the nucleus. endoderm from which different tissues and organs of the animals body differentiate out. Example: Frog. (1 3 =3 marks) 22. SONAR is the short from of Sound Navigation and Ranging. SONAR works on the principle of finding time taken by ultrasonic sound to travel back to the ship after hitting the target. (1 marks) 2d It is given by t = where v is the velocity of (5 marks) v wave in the media and d is the distance of the (v) The change in energy of an electron takes object from the ship. It has a transmitter and place only when it jumps from a lower energy receiver to send and receive ultrasonic waves. level to a higher energy level (gain of energy) (2 marks) or when it jumps from a higher energy level It is used to locate under water bodies or enemy to a lower energy level (Loss of energy). It submarine etc. (1 mark) means that as long as the electrons remain 23. Let x be the thickness of ice block above the in a given energy level, they neither gain surface of water. nor lose energy and atom remains stable. If H is the thickness of ice block, A its cross 21. (a) Advantages of classification: sectional area and r the density of ice, then (i) Better categorization of living beings weight of ice block = (AHr) g (1 mark) based on common characters. Buy books : http://www.dishapublication.com/school-foundation-books/books-for-class-9-10.html 4
Weight of displaced water = (H - x) Asg , Density of substance
28. (c) Relative density = where s is the density of water.. (1 mark) Densityof water By the principle of floatation, i.e. Density of substance is 10 times more weight of ice block = weight of water displaced than water, hence it will sink. AHrg = (H - x) Asg 29. (d) 30. (c) This is according to Archimedes principle. r 31. (c) According to laws of reflection of sound \ x = H 1 - (1 mark) s (i) The incident wave, normal and Here H = 5m, (r / s ) = 0.9 (since relative den- reflected wave lie in the same plane. (ii) Angle of in ciden ce = an gle of sity of ice is 0.9) reflection. \ x = 5 (1 0.9) = 0.5 m 32. (a) 33. (c) Hence the minimum length of rope required to 34. (d) Weight of solid = Weight of liquid displaced. scoop up a bucket = minimum length of rope 35. (d) Adventitious or fibrous roots are found in required to reach the water through the hole monocotyledons. They can be originate = 0.5 m. (2 marks) from base of stem, leaf, nodes and 24. Foodgrains get spoiled by insects, fungi, rodents, internodes. bacteria, moisture, temperature in the place of 36. (b) Agaricus (Mushroom) belongs to kingdom storage. Fungi. Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotic Storage losses can be minimised by following organisms. preventive and control measures. 37. (d) 38. (d) Earthworm belongs to phylum Annelida. (i) The seeds/grains that are to be stored Annelids have a true body cavity. There is should be dry, with no moisture in it. extensive organ differentiation occurs in a (ii) The grains should be cleaned. segmental fashion, with the segments lined (iii) The grains should be fumigated using up one after the other from head to tail. chemicals that kills pest. 39. (c) CO2 will be formed as a result of reaction (iv) The storage houses should be water proof. between CH3COOH and NaHCO3. Thus a (v) The grains should be stored in sealed gunny bottle with cork or stopper will be more bags or metal containers. appropriate to conduct experiment than (vi) The bags should be stacked in order in pile beaker. More over vinegar should be poured for proper fumigation, and should be kept with the help of funnel to avoid getting neck few centimetres away from the wall. of bottle wet. Which will effect the results. (vii) The ventilators if any should be closed 40. (c) According to law of mass conservation mass of recontants is equal to mass of tightly, to avoid birds visiting the storage products, hence from the reaction house and destroy the grains. (viii) The walls and the floor should be water- NaOH+ H Cl Na Cl+ H 2 O proof with no holes in it, to avoid rodents, 13.5 29.3 mass of HCl = 29.3 13.5 = 15.8 pests. (5marks) 41. (b) In dicotyledonae, leaves have reticulate venation with a network of veins and the SECTION B flower have five or multiple of five petals. 25. ( b) Examples: Pea, Potato, Banyan, etc. 26. (d) Pinus belongs to sub-division Gymno- In moncotyledonae, leaves have parallel spermae include plants that bear naked venation and the flowers have three or seeds. multiple of three petals. Examples: Maize, 27. (c) Difference of reading will give the mass of wheat, rice etc. the solid 42. (d)
5 SECTION C R for Reduce - It should be encouraged to 43. Yes, there is a need to teach the people from all reduce waste by purchasing in bulk, buying sections of our country that they need to think items with less packaging and switching to about the society benefits rather than individual reusable instead of single-use items. benefits. Various ways to implementing this R for Reuse- Much of the waste can teaching is given below: immediately be reused to minimize the strain By making Environmental sciences as a on the environment and municipal waste mandatory subject in schools and management. For example, everyone can universities. refill a purchased bottle of water with water By introducing courses on eco -tourism and from home to minimize the number of plastic sustainable culture subjects in schools and bottles being discarded. colleges. R for Recycle- When waste is eventually By promoting eco development. discarded, segregating items for recycling By promoting eco tourism on large scale. from other waste is important. Recyclables 44. The 3'R's of environment which signify Reduce, include glass, newspaper, aluminum, Reuse and Recycle is more important for cardboard and a surprising array of other preventing the occurrence of natural disaster as materials. compared to the ne 3'R's that is Response , Rescue and Relief as the latter comes into effect after the occurrence of natural disaster.