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Exame Unificado
das Pos-graduacoes em Fsica
FORMULARIO
Nao escreva nada neste formulario. Devolva-o ao fim do primeiro dia de prova.
Constantes fsicas
Constantes numericas
= 3,142 ln 2
= 0,693 cos(30 ) = sin(60 ) = 3/2
= 0,866
e = 2,718
ln 3 = 1,099
sin(30 ) = cos(60 ) = 1/2
1/e = 0,368 ln 5
= 1,609
log10 e
= 0,434 ln 10
= 2,303
1
Mecanica Classica
Z
dL X X1
L=rp =rF Li = Iij j TR = Iij i j I= r2 dm
dt j ij
2
r = rer v = rer + re a = r r2 er + r + 2r e
a = 2 e + ( + 2) e + zez
r = e + zez v = e + e + zez
r = rer v = rer + re a= r r2 r2 sin2 er
+r sin e
2
+ r + 2r r sin cos e
+ r sin + 2r sin + 2r cos e
r
L2 L2
Z
1 2 0 0
E = mr + + V (r) V (r) = F (r )dr Vefetivo = + V (r)
2 2mr2 r0 2mr2
Z R
r
dr 2 L
q = (t t0 ) =
R0 E V (r) L m mr2
2mr2
2
d2 u
m 1 du 2m
2
+ u = 2 2 F (1/u) , u = ; + u2 = [E V (1/u)]
d Lu r d L2
d L L d T T
= 0, L = T V = Qk
dt qk qk dt qk qk
N
X xi yi zi V
Qk = Fix + Fiy + Fiz Qk =
i=1
qk qk qk qk
d2 r d2 r
= 2 v0 ( r) r
dt2 rotacao dt2 fixo
f
X H H H L
H= pk qk L; qk = ; pk = ; =
k=1
pk qk t t
2
Eletromagnetismo
I Z
B
Ed~` + BdS = 0 E + =0
t t
I
BdS = 0 B = 0
I Z
DdS = Q = dV D =
I Z Z
~ D
Hd` DdS = I = JdS H =J
t t
D = 0 E + P = E B = 0 (H + M) = H
I I
PdS = QP P = P Md~` = IM M = JM
Id~`er
Z
V = Ed~` E = V dH = B = A
4r2
1 dQ 1 dQ
dE = er dV = F = q(E + vB) dF = Id~`B
40 r2 40 r
J = E J + =0
t
Z
1 0 JdV
u = (DE + BH) S = EH A=
2 4 r
2E
( = 0, J = 0) 2 E = n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2
t2
1 qQ 1 qQ 1 Q 1 Q
F= er U= E= er V =
40 r2 40 r 40 r2 40 r
Relatividade
1
x0 = (x V t) t0 = t V x/c2
=p
1 V 2 /c2
vx V vy vz
vx0 = vy0 = vz0 =
1 V vx /c2 (1 V vx /c2 ) (1 V vx /c2 )
p
E = mc2 = m0 c2 = m0 c2 + K E= (pc)2 + (m0 c2 )2
3
Mecanica Quantica
(x,t) ~2 1 2 L2
i~ = H(x,t) H= r + + V (r)
t 2m r r2 2mr2
~
px = [x, px ] = i~
i x
r
m p
a = x + i a|ni = n|n 1i , a |ni = n + 1|n + 1i
2~ m
p
L = Lx iLy L Y`m (,) = ~ l(l + 1) m(m 1) Y`m1 (,)
~
Lz = x py y px Lz = , [Lx ,Ly ] = i~Lz
i
X |hm|H|ni|2 X hm|H|ni
En(1) = hn|H|ni En(2) = (0) (0)
, (1)
n = (0) (0)
(0)
m
m6=n En Em m6=n En Em
~ 0 1 0 i 1 0
S = ~ x = , y = , z =
2 1 0 i 0 0 1
Z Z
1 i~
p~ 1
(~p) = 3
d re r/~
(~r) (~r) = d3 p ei~p~r/~ (~p)
(2~)3/2 (2~)3/2
Fsica Moderna
h hc hcRH
p= E = h = En = Z 2
n2
RT = T 4 max T = b L = mvr = n~
h
0 = (1 cos ) n = 2d sin x p ~/2
m0 c
4
Termodinamica e Mecanica Estatstica
dU = dQ dW dU = T dS pdV + dN
dF = SdT pdV + dN dH = T dS + V dp + dN
F = U TS G = F + pV
H = U + pV = F N
T p S p
= =
V S S V V T T V
T V S V
= =
p S S p p T T p
F F
p= S=
V T T V
U S H S
CV = =T Cp = =T
T V T V T p T p
S = kB ln W
X Z
En
Z= e Z= deE() = 1/kB T
n
F = kB T ln Z U = ln Z
X
= ZN eN = kB T ln
N
1 1
fFD = fBE =
e() +1 e() 1
5
Resultados matematicos
1.3.5...(2n+1) 21
Z
2n x2
X 1
x e dx = xk = (|x| < 1)
(2n+1)2n n k=0
1x
Z
du
= ln(1 1/u) ei = cos + i sin
u(u 1)
Z
dz
= ln z + z 2 + a2 ln N ! N ln N N
(a2 + z 2 )1/2
Z Z r
du 1 1+u 2
= ln exp(t )dt =
1 u2 2 1u
Z Z
1 1 y x 1
2 2
dy = arctan dx = ln(a2 + x2 )
a +y a a a2 +x 2 2
z x1
Z
z
dz = (1 21x ) (x) (x) (x > 0)
0 e +1
z x1
Z
dz = (x) (x) (x > 1)
0 ez 1
Z Z
sin(mx) sin(nx) dx = m,n cos(mx) cos(nx) dx = m,n
dx dy dz = d d dz dx dy dz = r2 dr sin d d
r r r
1 3 3
Y0,0 = Y1,0 = cos Y1,1 = sin ei
4 4 8
r r r
5 15 15
3 cos2 1 sin cos ei sin2 e2i
Y2,0 = Y2,1 = Y2,2 =
16 8 32
Solucao geral para a equacao de Laplace em coordenadas esfericas, com simetria azimutal:
X Bl
V (r,) = (Al rl + ) Pl (cos )
l=0
rl+1
6
I Z I Z
AdS = (A) dV Ad~` = (A) dS
Coordenadas cartesianas
Ax Ay Az
A = + +
x y z
Az Ay Ax Az Ay Ax
A = ex + ey + ez
y z z x x y
f f f 2f
2 2f 2f
f = ex + ey + ez f= + 2 + 2
x y z x2 y z
Coordenadas cilndricas
1 (A ) 1 A Az
A = + +
z
1 Az A A Az 1 (A ) 1 A
A = e + e + ez
z z
1 2f 2f
f 1 f f 1
2 f
f = e + e + ez f= + 2 2+ 2
z z
Coordenadas esfericas
1 (r2 Ar ) 1 (sin A ) 1 (A )
A = 2
+ +
r r r sin r sin
1 (sin A ) 1 A
A = er
r sin r sin
1 Ar 1 (rA ) 1 (rA ) 1 Ar
+ e + e
r sin r r r r r
f 1 f 1 f
f = er + e + e
r r r sin
2f
2 1 2 f 1 f 1
f= 2 r + 2 sin + 2 2
r r r r sin r sin 2