ASSIGNMENT

EXTENSIVE READING

READING COMPREHENSION SKILL

COMPILED BY:

GROUP 7

1. SRI THOAT MULYANINGSIH 2114062

2. YULITA EKA SILVIANA 2114016
3. MEYI YUMISKA 2114049

LECTURER:

DEWI SYAFITRI, M.Pd

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

INSTITUTE OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

TEACHER ASSOCIATION OF REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

STKIP-PGRI LUBUKLINGGAU

2016

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 A. What is reading chomprehension?
Rading comprehension involves specific thinking and the act of understanding what
you are reading. Reading comprehension is one of the pillars of the act of reading. When a
person reads a text he engages in a complex array of cognitive processes. He is
simultaneously using his awareness and understanding of phonemes (individual sound
pieces in language), phonics (connection between letters and sounds and the relationship
between sounds, letters and words) and ability to comprehend or construct meaning from the
text.
Furthermore, Bonnie B. Armbruster also defined that comprehension is the reason
for reading. If readers can read the words but do not understand what they are reading, they
are not really reading.
In addition, John Kruidenier elaborated that comprehension is an active process and
the reader must interact and be engaged with the text for it to work well. It is also a strategic
process which can be taught. As comprehension takes place, words are decoded and
associated with their meaning in the readers memory and phrases and sentences are
processed rapidly or fluently enough to that the meanings derived from one world, phrase, or
sentence are not lost before the next is processed. Yet, Reading comprehension can be
described as understanding a text that is read, or the process of constructing meaning from a
text.
1. There are two elements that make up the process of reading comprehension:
Vocabulary knowledge and text comprehension. In order to understand a text the
reader must be able to comprehend the vocabulary used in the piece of writing. If the
individual words dont make the sense then the overall story will not either. In addition to
being able to understand each distinct word in a text, we also has to be able to put them
together to develop an overall conception of what it is trying to say. This is text
comprehension. Text comprehension is much more complex and varied that vocabulary
knowledge. Readers use many different text comprehension strategies to develop reading
comprehension. These include monitoring for understanding, answering and generating
questions, summarizing and being aware of and using a texts structure to aid comprehension.

B. Understanding what is scanning

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 Scanning is a reading technique to be used when you want to find specific
information quickly. In scanning you have a question in your mind and you read a passage
only to find the answer, ignoring unrelated information (Jiran,2014).
Scanning is very high speed reading. When we scan, we have a question in mind. we
do not read every word, only the words that answer your question. Practice in scanning will
help us learn to skip over unimportant words so that we can read faster. Scanning is not
reading in the strict sense of the word. It is an ability to locate facts quickly and find answer
to specific question.
Practice in scanning at some time or other though we may not be aware of it. Take a
telephone directory, for example. We dont read a telephone book, do we? If we want to look
up the phone number of a person we begin by finding the appropriate letter of the alphabet
and then glance down the list of names until we come to the name and number that we want.
Similarly , when we want to find out about a word, a place of name (from dictionaries, maps,
checklists) about a time or date (from timetables, schedule, callenders) or about a statistic
(from tables, graphs, charts) we concentrate on a specific section and glance down it. This is
scanning. Scanning is particularly useful when we are preparing material for writing essay,
term papers or report-it can help you to quickly locate the information you need. And when
we reading narrow columns, as in the case of newspapers and magazines, we should focus on
the centre of the columns and move your eyes straight down.
How to scanning?
1. State the specific information you are looking for.
2. Try to anticipate how the answer will appear and what clues you might use to help
locate the answer.
3. Used headings and any others aids that that will help you identify which sections
might contain the information you are looking for.
4. Selectively read and skip through sections of the passage.

C. Understand what are previewing and predicting

1. Previewing
Previewing a text means to get an idea of what we are going to find in a particular text
or in other words it is a skill of learning about a text before reading it. It saves time, gets a
sanse of what the text is about and gives us a kind of overview. This simple skill includes
seeing what we can learn from the head notes or other introductory material, skimming to get
an idea of the content and taking a look at how the text is organized. It saves a lot of time for

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us as after previewing a text, we can set a purpose or evalute whether the text meets our
purpose or not.
We can preview all kinds of texts, pleasure books, different articles from magazines,
tests or textbook assignments.

How to Preview?
Consider your purpose.
Are you looking for information, main ideas, complete comprehension, or detailed
analysis?
How will you use this text?
Get an overview of the context, purpose, and content of the reading.
What does the title mean?
What can you discover about the "when," "where," and "for whom" of the written
text?
What does background or summary information provided by the author or editor
predict the text will do?
What chapter or unit does the text fit into?
Scan the skip
Does there seem to be a clear introduction and conclusion? Where?
Are the body sections marked? What does each seem to be about?
What claims does the author make at the beginnings and endings of sections?
Are there key words that are repeated or put in bold or italics?
What kinds of development and detail do you notice? Does the text include statistics,
tables, and pictures or is it primarily prose?
Do names of authors or characters get repeated frequently?
How to preview A fiction (Abromitis, 2009)
1.) Looking at the cover and title
2.) Reading the blurbs on the back
3.) Considering the author and his or her style
4.) Predicting
A non-fiction (Abromitis,2009)
1.) Know about a topic
2.) What they would like to know

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3.) The structure of the book or article, such as titles, subtitles, illustrations, charts, etc.
4.) What information may be included

2. Predicting
Effective readers use pictures, titles, headings, and text as well as personal
experiences to make predictions before they begin to read. Predicting involves thinking ahead
while reading and anticipating information and events in the text. After making predictions,
students can read through the text and refine, revise, and verify their predictions. The strategy
of making predictions actively engages students and connects them to the text by asking them
what they think might occur in the story. Using the text, students refine, revise, and verify
their thinking and predictions.
a. Why predicting is important?
Making predictions activates students' prior knowledge about the text and helps them
make connections between new information and what they already know. By making
predictions about the text before, during, and after reading, students use what they already
know as well as what they suppose might happen to make connections to the text.
Snow (1998) has found that throughout the early grades, reading curricula should
include explicit instruction on strategies used to comprehend text either read to the students
or that students read themselves. These strategies include summarizing the main idea,
predicting events or information to which the text is leading, drawing inferences, and
monitoring for misunderstandings.
b. Strategies for Predictions
1) Look at the pictures before reading the book, including the front and back covers of
the book.
2) Make predictions on what they think the book is about.
3) Read the chapter titles or the first paragraph of a chapter and then guess what will
happen in the chapter.
4) Read the story or the chapter and after finishing, review the predictions to see if they
were correct.

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 Summary
Rading comprehension involves specific thinking and the act of understanding what
you are reading. Reading comprehension is one of the pillars of the act of reading. to measure
our reading ability. we can implement the ability to read quickly or scanning. Scanning is
read to find the important points of information we want.Scanning is very high speed reading.
When we scan, we have a question in mind. we do not read every word, only the words that
answer your question. Practice in scanning will help us learn to skip over unimportant words
so that we can read faster.

How to scanning?
1. State the specific information you are looking for.
2. Try to anticipate how the answer will appear and what clues you might use to help
locate the answer.
3. Used headings and any others aids that that will help you identify which sections
might contain the information you are looking for.
4. Selectively read and skip through sections of the passage.
Previewing
Previewing a text means to get an idea of what we are going to find in a particular text
or in other words it is askill of learning about a text before reading it. It saves time, gets a
sanse of what the text is about and gives us a kind of overview.
Predicting
Effective readers use pictures, titles, headings, and text as well as personal
experiences to make predictions before they begin to read. Predicting involves thinking ahead
while reading and anticipating information and events in the text.

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 Reference
Flaming,p., & Kai-Fat,L. (1981). Better Reading Skills. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mikulecky, B.S., & Jeffris,L. (1996). More Reading Power. New York: Addison Wesley
Publishing Company.
Predicting. (n.d). Retrieved from
http://www.literacywork.com/Literacywork.com/Predicting.html
Reading Strategies. (n.d). Retrieved from, etools4Education website, http://www.online-
distance-learning-education.com/reading-strategies.html.

What is previewing. (n.d). Retrieved from

http://www.google.co.id/url?q=http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/halsager/Pages/2nd%2520Lec
ture.pdf&sa=U&Ved=0ahUKEwi6s569mM3PAhXMvo8KHUHwC8QQfggTMAI&usg=AF
QjCNFiyxPvU0vQO4F8eq3-9Z5qUn2VeA
What is Reading Comprehension. (n.d). Retrieved from
http://www.k12reader.com/what-is-reading-comprehension/