Wartsila Engine Fundamentals

DIESEL ENGINE
BASICS
IRSHAD ALAM
21st May 2017
Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Heat engines
Energy in nature, in one form or another, originates from solar energy.

Heat engines change natural energy to such a form that it can be used
practically.
Solar energy
Chemical Kinetic energy

Potential energy
energy Wind power
Waterpower
Thermal energy

Heat engines
A heat engine converts thermal energy to mechanical output.
Heat engines
Internal
Steam engines combustion
engines
Reciprocating
Gas turbine Turbo jet
engine
Otto engine
Diesel engine

Rudolf Diesel and Nicolaus Otto
Rudolf Diesel (18581913) was a German inventor and

mechanical engineer
Famous for the invention of the compression ignition
engine that bears his name.
Nicolaus Otto (18321891) was also a German engineer

and an experimenter.
He invented the first practical alternative to the steam
engine in 1876 the first four-stroke internal combustion
engine.

Diesel Engine
A diesel engine is a type of heat engine that uses the internal combustion
process to convert the energy stored in the chemical bonds of the fuel into
useful mechanical energy.
The fuel reacts chemically (burns) and releases

energy in the form of heat.
The heat causes the gasses trapped in the cylinder
to expand.
The expanding gases being confined by the cylinder,
must move the piston to expand.
The reciprocating motion of the piston is converted
into rotational motion by the crankshaft.

Working principle
Working principle depends on strokes needed to complete one working cyc
To convert the chemical energy of the fuel into useful mechanical energy all
internal combustion engines must go through four events:
intake, compression, power and exhaust = one working cycle

Four-stroke engine
requires four strokes of the piston to complete one full working cycle.
requires two rotations of the crankshaft to complete one cycle.
Two-stroke engine
requires two strokes of the piston to complete one full cycle.
requires only one rotation of the crankshaft.

4-Stroke Process
Air is sucked into Air is Gas expansion Combustion gases

the cylinder. compressed. takes place due to are discharged.
the combustion.

Speeds of engine
Low speed engine: below 300 rpm

Low speed engines are commonly used on ships and for generation of
electricity.
Medium speed engine: between 3001200 rpm

Medium speed engines are used for a wide range of purposes including
ship propulsion, generation of electricity, traction, gas compression and
pumping and pumping of liquids
High speed engine: over 1200 rpm

High-speed engines are used in transportation and for small gen-sets.

Engine configuration
In-line engine

Engine configuration
V-engine

OPERATIONAL TERMINOLOGY

Operational terminology
Cylinder bore
Piston stroke
Cylinder swept volume
Compression ratio
Piston speed
Mean effective pressure
Rotational speed
Cylinder output

Cylinder swept volume, Vd
Vc
Cylinder bore: D
Vt
Piston stroke: s s Vd
Cylinder swept volume: Vd
2
D
Vd s
Compression volume:
4 Vc
Cylinder volume: Vt = Vd + Vc

Compression ratio,
Compression volume : Vc Vc
Cylinder volume : Vt Vt
Compression ratio: Vd
cylinder volume, Vt
=
compression
High compression > 16
ratio,volume, Vc
big friction losses
the combustion volume starts to
have an injurious effect
Low compression ratio, < 11

starting problems

Piston speed, cm
Piston speed:
c m m s
c m 2 s n 60 s m
s n 30 n rpm
r
Piston speed of diesel engines is 10 m/sm i n
too high speed of piston wears the cylinder and
piston rapidly

Mean effective pressure, pe
Average effective pressure, which effects on

the piston during the whole stroke.
Pe T
pe
z Vd n
[Pe] =W
[Vd] = m3/cyl.
[n] = r/s
[pe] = Pa
T = 4-stroke or 2-stroke
z = number of cyl.

Rotational speed, n
Rotational speed tells how many

complete revolutions (i.e. rotations or
cycles) there are per time unit.
Speed indicates how fast an engine is
running.

Cylinder output, P
Engine power (=output) is the product of the engines driving shaft

torque and rotational speed.
Power outputs are normally expressed for one

cylinder
the engines output is the number of cylinders
multiplied by the cylinder output.
The unit for power in the SI system is watt, [W].
For practical reasons, kilowatt [kW] or megawatt
[MW] is used.
1 kW=1000 W; 1 MW= 1000 kW or 1 000 000 W.
The SI units are internationally agreed but the
old unit Horsepower is sometimes referred to.
1 hp = 746 W; 1 kW = 1,36 hp (metric
horsepower)

Operational main data examples
Wrtsil 32 Wrtsil 46
Cylinder bore........................320 mm Cylinder bore........................460 mm
Piston stroke........................400 mm Piston stroke.........................580 mm
Cylinder output ...............500 kW/cyl Cylinder output ......975, 1050 kW/cyl
Speed .................................750 rpm Speed ..........................500, 514 rpm
Mean effective pressure .....24.9 bar MEP....23.628.8 bar
Piston speed.......................10.0 m/s Piston speed...................9.7, 9.9 m/s

Terminology of the engine
Designation of cylinders, engine sides and ends

Thank You
ENGINE PARTS
IRSHAD ALAM
21st May 2017
Wrtsil 25 May 2017

2 Wrtsil 25 May 2017 Engine parts / EVi
Wrtsil
ENGINE BLOCK
Wrtsil 25 May 2017

Engine block
The engine block is cast in one piece.

The main water and lubricating oil distributing pipes and the charge air
receiver are integrated in the engine block.
The crankshaft is mounted under slung the engine.
The lubricating oil sump is welded.

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Engine block
Wrtsil 5 Wrtsil 25 May 2017 Engine parts / EVi

Engine block
The main bearing cap is supported by two hydraulically tensioned main bearing
screws and two horizontal side screws.

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CRANKSHAFT
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Crankshaft
Forged in one piece.

Counterweights on each web to balance the rotating masses.
The crankshaft is equipped with a split gear wheel for camshaft driving.
The steel flywheel is fitted to the crankshaft with screws.
Oil drillings inside the crankshaft are leading lubricating oil from main
bearings to connecting rod big end bearings.

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Crankshaft

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CYLINDER LINER
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Cylinder liner
The cylinder liner is made of special, wear

resistant, cast iron.
The cylinder liners are cooled with jacket
water.
The liner is provided with an anti-polishing
ring in the upper part of the bore to
eliminate the risk of bore polishing.

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Cylinder liner
An anti-polishing ring prevents a

premature wear-out of honing marks.
The carbon deposits will polish the
honing marks and the lubrication oil
consumption will increase.
The anti-polishing ring has a slightly
smaller diameter than the cylinder
diameter and it is inserted into a
recess in the top part of the cylinder
liner
When the piston is in top dead centre,
the piston top land is completely
inside the anti-polishing ring and it will
clean the carbon deposits away.

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CONNECTING ROD
Wrtsil 25 May 2017

Connecting rod
Function of the connecting rod is to transmit the gas and mass forces to the
crankshaft.
The connecting rod is made of forged steel
Two or three pieces design
Hydraulically tightened screws

Connecting rod
The lubricating oil is led from the main

bearing, through the bores in the
crankshaft, to the big end bearing,
and further through the bores in the
connecting rod, gudgeon pin and
piston skirt, up to the cooling space,
from where it is drained back to the oil
sump.

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PISTON
Wrtsil 25 May 2017

Piston
The piston is of composite type with a nodular

cast iron skirt and a steel crown screwed
together.
The piston skirt has a phosphate/graphite
overlay.
The piston crown is cooled with lubricating oil
by means of the cocktail shaker effect.

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Piston
Cross section of piston and gudgeon pin
Piston top
Cooling gallery
Piston rings
Oil channel
Oil groove
Gudgeon pin
Piston skirt

Piston
Functions of the piston are:

transmit gas forces
transmit heat
exhaust combustion gases
prevent the lube oil from entering the
combustion chamber
form a lower part of the combustion chamber
improve the mixture of fuel and air.

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Piston rings
The piston ring set consists of two

compression rings and one spring loaded
oil scraper ring.
Compression rings:
prevent the gases from entering crankcase
conduct heat to cylinder wall
Oil scraper ring:
seals lube oil from spreading to combustion
chamber, but keeps enough oil film on
surface of cylinder liner

CYLINDER HEAD
Wrtsil 25 May 2017

Cylinder head
Purpose of the cylinder head:

to form a tight cap on top of the cylinder.
to incorporate valves for different
purposes
inlet valves
exhaust gas valves
fuel injection valve
starting air valve
indicator valve
safety (overpressure) valve
The cylinder head is cooled by drilled

cooling channels.

Cylinder head with valves

CAMSHAFT & VALVE MECHANISM
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Camshaft
The camshaft is built up of one-

cylinder camshaft pieces and
separate bearing pieces.
The camshaft is driven by the
crankshaft through a gearing at the
driving end of the engine.

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Camshaft and valve tappets
Three cams in one camshaft piece

two for the inlet and exhaust vales
one for the fuel injection pump.

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Valve mechanism
The valve mechanism operates the

inlet and outlet valves at the required
timing.
The valve mechanism consists of:
valve tappets (2) moving in a
multihousing (3)
tubular push rods (5) with ball joints,
nodular cast iron rocker arms (7)
pivoted on a rocker arm bracket (6),
yokes (8) guided by a yoke pin in the
cylinder head.

VALVES
Wrtsil 25 May 2017

Valves
The cylinder head has four valves

fitted, two inlet valves and two
exhaust valves.
Valve seat ring is fitted in the cylinder
head for both inlet and exhaust
valves.
The exhaust valve seat rings are
cooled with cooling water.

Valves
The valves move in cast iron guides, which

are press fitted in the cylinder head.
The valves are provided with valve spring
per valve and valve rotating devices.
All the valves are made of surface-treated
heat resistant steel.
The inlet valves are bigger than the exhaust
valves.

Valve rotator
A Valve Rotator is an assembly fitted to

the top of the valve spring.
Each time a valve operates, the valve
rotator turns the valve slightly.
Valve rotator reduces carbon deposits on
the valve and prevents carbon build-up on
valve seat.
Valve rotator gets lubrication from yokes
as splash lubrication

FUEL INJECTION PUMP
Wrtsil 25 May 2017

Fuel injection pump
The injection pump pressurises fuel to

the fuel injection valve.
The engine has one injection pump
for each cylinder
The pumps are mounted on the
engine block in an insulated space
called a hot box.

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Fuel injection valve
A fuel injection valve is located inside

the cylinder head.
The nozzle of the fuel injection valve
injects fuel in to the cylinder as a very
fine spray.

Fuel injection pump and valve

TURBOCHARGER
Wrtsil 25 May 2017

Turbocharger
The combustion air is compressed

before being supplied into the
cylinder.
The engine aspirates the same
volume of air, but due to the higher
pressure, more mass of air is
supplied into the combustion
chamber.
More fuel can be burnt and the
engine's power output increases.

Turbocharger
Turbocharger consists of an exhaust

driven turbine and a compressor which
are mounted on the same shaft.
The compressor pressurizes the
combustion air and then supplies it into
the engine.
Rotational speed is usually high from
10.000 rpm to 40.000 rpm, depending
on the size of the unit

ENGINE BEARINGS
Wrtsil 25 May 2017

Engine bearings
The bearings are one of the most

important parts in an engine.
The aim of the bearing is to transport
loads from a moving part to a fixed part
or from one moving part to another
moving part.

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Auxiliary system
Chandrakant Telharkar
21st May 2017
Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 Auxiliary systems / WLSA

Auxiliary Systems
Fuel oil system
Lubrication oil system
Starting air system
Cooling water system
Exhaust gas and charge air system

FUEL OIL SYSTEM

Fuel oil system
Provide fuel with correct temperature and

pressure
Fuel properly cleaned from solid particles
and water
HFO system consists of
Unloading, storage and transfer
Fuel treatment
Fuel feeding
Fuel collecting system
MDO back-up
Different separation systems available
Standardized units, includes stand-by
functions

External Fuel Oil System (HFO)
HFO HFO
Buffer Day
HFO
Storage
Unloading Transfer Separator HFO Feeder Unit Fuel Oil Booster

Pump Pump
LFO
Storage To other Fuel Oil
Boosters
Unloading LFO Feeder Unit
Pump



Internal Fuel oil system
The low pressure system transfers clean fuel oil to the

injection pump and conveys the fuel oil back to a tank for
reuse.
01 Fuel delivery piping

02 Leak fuel system
03 Adjustable orifice
04 Damper
05 Pressure measuring pipe




GAS SYSTEM
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Wrtsil 07 May 2017 Auxiliary systems / WLSA
Gas Regulating unit
The gas regulating unit (GRU)

controls the fuel gas flow to
the engine.
Single line unit for DF / SG
engines.
The GRU can be equipped
with an optional flow meter.
The standard gas regulating
unit is for pressures up to 6
bar(g).
0F02X0070_01en
Fig. name: Gas regulating unit (single line)

Gas pressure
Is regulated by the gas regulating

unit.
Receives a control signal from
the engine control system.
The main gas pressure control is
an close loop-type function.
The inlet pressure to the GRU
should be at least 0,5 bar higher
than the regulated (outlet)
pressure in order to allow accurate
gas pressure regulation.
0F02X0057_01en
Fig. name: Typical gas system layout in the WOIS workstation

Gas supply system
DF / SG engines
Engine SPEED
automation LOAD
GAS VENTILATION
PLC system
PRESSURE
Gas admission valves
Gas regulating unit Engine

0F02X0024_01en
Fig. name: Gas supply system for DF engines

LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM
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Lubricating oil system
Lubricating oil is an integrated engine component.

The system will provide the engines clean
lubricating oil at the correct temperature and
pressure.
The lubricating oil circulation system is normally in a
continuous operation.
The oil flow in the engine has the following tasks:

To lubricate moving parts in the engine to
minimise friction.
To cool the certain engine components (pistons,
bearings, gearwheels, turbocharger).
To clean and to transport harmful particles away
from bearings etc.
To Seal the combustion space by sealing.
To neutralise corrosive combustion acids to
prevent corrosion.

External Lubricating oil system (big plants)
To other
Engine(s)
New Lubricating
Oil Tank
Transfer Pump
Unloading Pump
Lubricating Oil
Service Tank
Transfer Pump
Mobile Transfer
Used Lubricating Pump Unit
Oil Tank
Loading Pump

Internal Lubricating oil system
1. Centrifugal filter
2. Pre-lubricating oil pump
3. Lubrication oil pump
4. Pressure regulating valve
5. Thermostat valve
6. Lubrication oil cooler
7. Automatic lubrication oil filter
8. Pressure gauge
9. Oil dipstick
10. Camshaft bearings
11. Gudgeon pins
12. Rocker arm bearings
13. Lubrication oil pipe to TC
14. Lubrication oil pipe from TC
15. Lubrication oil separator
15
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COOLING WATER SYSTEM
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The cooling water system is normally divided into a

primary circuit and a secondary circuit.
The primary circuit is divided into a low temperature

circuit (LT) and a high temperature circuit (HT).
The High Temperature cooling water system
cools cylinder liners and cylinder heads including
exhaust valve seats and fuel injection nozzles & 1st
of CAC
The Low Temperature cooling water system
controls the temperatures of charge air and
lubricating oil.
The heat exchanging between primary- and

secondary circuit takes place in the central cooler.
The central cooler can also be a radiator, in which
case there is no secondary circuit in the cooling
system.
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Internal Cooling water system



STARTING AIR SYSTEM
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Starting air system
Engines needs an external energy source to start up.- W20

Smaller engines are started with a pneumatically operated air starter or
with an electric starting motor.
These are equipped with a pinion which, under starting sequence, is in
contact with a gear ring on the engine flywheel.
The air pressure is 7,510 bars
Bigger engines are started with starting air, which is supplied into the
cylinders during the working stroke via special valves located in the
cylinder covers.
The necessary air is stored in air bottles, which should have sufficient
capacity to start the engine a number of times.
The air pressure range is 25-30 bars.

External Starting air system
Starting Air Unit
To Other Engine (s)
Back up
Connection
To Consumers Starting Air Bottles
Instrument Air Unit
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Starting air system on smaller engines
Pressurised air to the air starter is supplied through a pressure control valve, a
solenoid valve and a blocking valve, which prevents the start if the turning gear
is engaged.
01 Pressure control valve

02 Air starter
03 Solenoid valve for starting
04 Starter control valve
05 Blocking valve
301 Starting air inlet
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Starting air system on bigger engine
Pressurised air is supplied to the engine through the starting air delivery piping (01) to the
main starting valve (02).
The start is performed by direct injection of air into the cylinders through the starting valves
in cylinder heads (03), which are opened by a minor part of the air volume being diverted
to the correct cylinder head by the starting air distributor (04).
Control air to the distributor is conveyed through a blocking valve (06), which prevents
starting when the turning gear is engaged.
01 Starting air delivery piping

02 Main starting valve
03 Air block
04 Starting valve in cylinder head
05 Starting air distributor
06 Blocking valve for turning gear
301 Starting air inlet

EXHAUST GAS AND CHARGE
AIR SYSTEM

Typical power plant air intake system

Basic scheme of Turbocharging
01 Compressor
02 Charge air cooler
03 Turbine
A Air intake
B Exhaust outlet

Turbocharger
The turbocharger is driven by the exhaust gases coming from the cylinders
through the opened exhaust valves.
The compressor is driven by the turbine.
01 Suction air filter

02 Compressor
03 Turbine
04 Gas inlet casing
05 Gas outlet casing
06 Washing device for turbocharger

The engine is equipped with an air cooler to cool down the compressed and thus
heated air after turbocharger.
01 Bellows
02 Air inlet box
03 Charge air cooler
04 Air inlet box
05 Charge air receiver
06 Charge air supply pipe (multiduct)
A Ambient air
B Charge air to cooler
C Charge air to receiver
D Condensate water after charge air cooler
Wrtsil
Fig. name: Exhaust system

Thank You
WARTSILA ENGINE
PRODUCTS
Chandrakant Telharkar
21st May 2017

Engine Products
In general we distinguish:
2-stroke engines
4-stroke engines
Engines categorised by the fuel type used for the

engines:
Oil fired engines
Gas fired engines
Dual fuel engines that can handle both oil and gas.
Engines categorised by the purpose of an engine:

to drive a propulsion
to drive a generator
to power other devices such as a pump.
Wrtsil 2 Wrtsil 25 May 2017 04 Engine products / WLSA

4 STROKE ENGINE PRODUCT
NAMES

Engine Product Names: Configuration
e.g. Wrtsil 18V32DF

Wrtsil = Brand
18V = Cylinder configuration: V-engine = V, in-line engine = L
32 = Engine group
DF = Technology (if in use)
e.g. Wrtsil Auxpac W6L20.

Auxpac engines are identified with powered output (electrical),
Engine groups
20, 26, 32, 34, 38, 46, 46F, 50,
Technology
DF = Dual Fuel
GD = Gas Diesel
SG = Spark-ignited Gas

4 STROKE ENGINES

Wrtsil 20
Main data
Cylinder bore ..................................200 mm
Piston stroke...................................280 mm
Cylinder output .................. 180, 200 kW/cyl
Speed ...........................................1000 rpm
Mean effective pressure ........ 24.6, 28.0 bar
Piston speed.................................... 9.3 m/s
Options: Common rail fuel injection,
humidification of combustion air for NOX
reduction.
Cylinder configurations
4L20
6L20
8L20
9L20

Wrtsil 32
Main data
Cylinder bore ..................................320 mm
Piston stroke...................................400 mm
Cylinder output .......................... 500 kW/cyl
Speed .............................................750 rpm
Mean effective pressure .................24.9 bar
Piston speed.................................. 10.0 m/s
6L32
8L32
9L32
12V32
16V32
18V32

Wrtsil 38
Main data
Cylinder bore ..................................380 mm
Piston stroke...................................475 mm
Speed ............................................600 rpm
Piston speed.................................... 9.5 m/s
Option: Common rail fuel injection.
6L38
8L38
9L38
12V38
16V38

Wrtsil 46
Main data
Cylinder bore ..................................460 mm
Piston stroke...................................580 mm
Cylinder output ................ 975, 1050 kW/cyl
Speed .....................................500, 514 rpm
Mean effective pressure ........ 23.628.8 bar
Piston speed............................. 9.7, 9.9 m/s
Options: Common rail fuel injection,
reduction, crude oil.
6L46
8L46
9L46
12V46
16V46
Wrtsil
9 Wrtsil 25 May 2017 04 Engine products / WLSA
Wrtsil 46F
Main Data
Cylinder bore ..................................460 mm
Piston stroke...................................580 mm
Cylinder output ........................ 1250 kW/cyl
Speed .............................................600 rpm
Mean effective pressure .................25.9 bar
Piston speed.................................. 11.6 m/s
Options: Twin plunger injection pumps,

reduction, variable inlet valve closure.
6L46F
7L46F
8L46F
9L46F
12V46F
16V46F

Wrtsil 50DF
Main technical data

Marine engines and
W50DF engines
Power plant engines
Cylinder bore 500 mm 500 mm
Piston stroke 580 mm 580 mm
Speed 500 rpm 514 rpm
Mean effective
20 bar 20 bar
pressure
Piston speed 9,7 m/s 9,9 m/s
Output/cylinder 950 kW 975 kW
Fuel viscosity 730 cSt / 50 C
ISO 8217, category ISO-F-RMK 700

Fuel oil
Methane Number: 70

DUAL FUEL ENGINES

Wrtsil 34 DF
Main data
Cylinder bore .................................340 mm
Piston stroke...................................400 mm
Speed .....................................720, 750 rpm
Piston speed........................... 9.6, 10.0 m/s
6L34DF
9L34DF
12V34DF
16V34DF

Wrtsil 50 DF
Main data
Cylinder bore ..................................500 mm
Piston stroke...................................580 mm
Cylinder output .......................... 950 kW/cyl
Speed ....................................500, 514 rpm
Piston speed............................. 9.7, 9.9 m/s
6L50DF
8L50DF
9L50DF
12V50DF
16V50DF
18V50DF

Dual Fuel Engines - Operating principle
Ex. In. Ex. In. Ex. In.

Gas mode:
*
Otto principle * **
* ** * *** ****
Low-pressure gas * **** * *
*
admission
Pilot diesel injection
Intake of Compression of Ignition by
air and gas air and gas pilot diesel fuel
The gas is mixed with air before the intake valves.

After the compression phase, the gas-air mixture is ignited by a small
amount of liquid pilot fuel.

Dual Fuel Engines Operating principle
Ex. In. Ex. In. Ex. In.

Diesel mode:
Diesel principle
Diesel injection
Back-up fuel system
Intake of Compression of Injection of
air air diesel fuel
This is a normal diesel process with camshaft-operated liquid fuel pumps

running in parallel with the process and working as a stand-by.
The engine can be switched automatically from fuel oil to gas operation at loads
below 80 % of the full load.

Wrtsil 32 GD
Main data
Cylinder bore320 mm
Piston stroke.350 mm
Rated speed .750/720 rpm
Mean piston speed8.75/8.4 m/s
BMEP.21.3/24.0 bar
Cylinder output375 kW
12V32GD
16V32GD
18V32GD

Gas-diesel engines operating principle
Gas mode:
The gas is injected at high pressure after the pilot
fuel and is ignited by the flame from the pilot fuel
injection.
Liquid Fuel mode:
The gas-diesel engine can be switched over
instantly to operation.
The liquid fuel can be light fuel oil, heavy fuel oil or
crude oil.
The process is the same as the conventional
diesel process.
Fuel Sharing mode:
The ratio between liquid and gas fuel amounts can
be controlled and varied during operation.
The operating window is 35 to 90% load and the
gas/liquid fuel ratio can vary from 80/20 to 15/85.
The gas-diesel process can tolerate big variations
in the gas quality and is especially suitable for
non-pipeline quality gas, such as associated gas
in oil fields.

WARTSILA GAS ENGINES

Wrtsil 34SG
Main data
Cylinder bore 340 mm
Piston stroke. 400 mm
Speed.. 720 / 750 rpm
Mean effective pressure.. 20.0 / 19.8 bar
Piston speed... 9.6 / 10 m/s
9L34SG
16V34SG
20V34SG

SG engines operating principle
The SG engines are spark-ignited lean-

burn engines.
The gas is mixed with air before the inlet
valves.
The gas is also fed into a small
prechamber, where the gas mixture is rich
compared to the gas in the cylinder.
The gas-air mixture in the prechamber is
ignited by a spark plug.
The flames from the nozzle of the
prechamber ignite the gas-air mixture in
the whole cylinder.

The lean-burn concept
In a lean-burn gas engine, the mixture

of air and gas in the cylinder is lean,
i.e. more air is present in the cylinder
than is needed for complete
combustion.
With leaner combustion, the peak
temperature is reduced and less NOX
is produced.
Higher output can be reached while
avoiding knocking and the efficiency
is increased as well, although a too
lean mixture will cause misfiring

NON PORTFOLIO ENGINES

Non-Portfolio Engines
Engines that are no longer part of the official Wrtsil product portfolio (in active
production), are called non-portfolio engines.
Bolnes
Crepelle engines
Deutz marine engines
Nohab
Stork engines
Sulzer A/S
UD 25 engines
UD 30 engines
UD 33 engines
UD 45 engines
W 200 engines
Wrtsil 32DF
Wrtsil 32GD
Wrtsil 38A
Wrtsil Vasa 32

Thank You

Wartsila Engine Fundamentals

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DIESEL ENGINE

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Energy in nature, in one form or another, originates from solar energy.

Chemical Kinetic energy

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

A heat engine converts thermal energy to mechanical output.

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Rudolf Diesel (18581913) was a German inventor and

Nicolaus Otto (18321891) was also a German engineer

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

The fuel reacts chemically (burns) and releases

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Working principle depends on strokes needed to complete one working cyc

intake, compression, power and exhaust = one working cycle

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Air is sucked into Air is Gas expansion Combustion gases

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Low speed engine: below 300 rpm

Medium speed engine: between 3001200 rpm

High speed engine: over 1200 rpm

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Low compression ratio, < 11

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Average effective pressure, which effects on

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Rotational speed tells how many

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Engine power (=output) is the product of the engines driving shaft

Power outputs are normally expressed for one

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Designation of cylinders, engine sides and ends

Wrtsil Wrtsil 07 May 2017 01 Engine basics / WLSA

Wrtsil 25 May 2017

Wrtsil 25 May 2017

The engine block is cast in one piece.

4 Wrtsil 25 May 2017 Engine parts / EVi

Wrtsil 5 Wrtsil 25 May 2017 Engine parts / EVi

6 Wrtsil 25 May 2017 Engine parts / EVi

Wrtsil 25 May 2017

Forged in one piece.

8 Wrtsil 25 May 2017 Engine parts / EVi

9 Wrtsil 25 May 2017 Engine parts / EVi

Wrtsil 25 May 2017

The cylinder liner is made of special, wear

11 Wrtsil 25 May 2017 Engine parts / EVi

An anti-polishing ring prevents a

12 Wrtsil 25 May 2017 Engine parts / EVi

Wrtsil 25 May 2017

Wrtsil 14 Wrtsil 25 May 2017 Engine parts / EVi

The lubricating oil is led from the main

15 Wrtsil 25 May 2017 Engine parts / EVi

Wrtsil 25 May 2017

The piston is of composite type with a nodular

17 Wrtsil 25 May 2017 Engine parts / EVi

Cross section of piston and gudgeon pin

Wrtsil 18 Wrtsil 25 May 2017 Engine parts / EVi

Functions of the piston are: