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Damping: Damping is a reality of the world in which we live. All free vibration
stops after a certain amount of time as a result of various factors such as
friction, aerodynamic forces etc. that dissipates the energy in the system.
x(t)
c
mg
fk(t)
N1 N2
so c 2 4km determines if the ' s are real or imaginary and what the critical
damping coefficient is:
k 2
ccr 2 km of ccr 2 m 2mn
m
c c
The damping ratio, (zeta) can be defined as: where the
cr 2m n
k
Case 0: Undamped If c 0 it follows that 1, 2 j j n as before.
m
1 n j n 1 2
2 n j n 1 2
xt e nt a1e jd t a2 e jd t
d n 1 2
or xt Ae nt sin d t
1 2 n
xt a1 a2t e nt
Case 3: Overdamped If 1
1 n n 2 1 1
2 n n 2 1 2
xt a1e 1t a2 e 2t
Time response:
Enkelvryheidsgraadstelsel
1
= 0.2
= 1
0.8 = 2
= 0
0.6
0.4
0.2
Verplasing [m]
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Tyd [s]