PENGANTAR

Dinamika Struktur

BAYZONI
Semester Genap 2016 - 2017
Multidegree-of-Freedom
Systems
A structure can be modeled and its response
analyzed using a SDOF model if the mass is
essentially concentrated at a single point that can
move, translate, or rotate only in one direction, or if
the system is constrained in such a way as to permit
only a single mode of displacement. In general, the
mass of a larger building or structure is distributed
throughout the structure and can move in many
ways.
A realistic description of the dynamic response of
such systems generally requires the use of a
number of independent displacement coordinates,
and modeling of the system as a multidegree-of-
freedom (MDOF) system.
Dynamic analysis of such MDOF systems is
discussed in the following sections.
 Equations of Motion
The MDOF analysis procedure is
illustrated by examining the dynamic
response of the idealized threestory
building shown in figure below. The
mass of the structure is assumed to be
concentrated at the floor levels, which
are further assumed to be rigid and
displace in one translational direction
only. Thus, the dynamic behavior of this
structure is completely defined by the
three-story displacements u1(t), u2(t) and
u3(t).
The equation of motion of any story can
be derived from the expression of
dynamic equilibrium of all of the forces
acting on the story mass, including the
inertia, damping, and elastic forces that
result from the motion, and the
externally applied force. The equations
of equilibrium for the two stories can be
written as follows (using notation
analogous to the SDOF case):
MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM
Model 3 derajat kebebasan
x1 x2 x3
F1(t) F2(t) F3(t)

m1 m2 m3
k1 k2 k3

Keseimbangan Gaya

m1 .x1 k1 .x1 k 2 . x2 x1 F1 (t ) 0
m2 .x2 k 2 .x2 x1 k3 .x3 x2 F2 (t ) 0
m3 .x3 k 3 . x3 x2 F3 (t ) 0
 Dalam bentuk Matrik
M .X K .X F t
Dalam hal ini:
m1 0 0 k1 k2 k2 0
M 0 m2 0 K k 2 k2 k3 k 3
0 0 m 3 0 k3 k 3

x1 x1 F1 ( t )
X x2
X x 2 Ft F2 ( t )

x3 x 3 F3 ( t )

Dalam hal terdapat redaman maka:

M .X C .X K .X F t
 Keterangan:
GETARAN BEBAS
Getaran Bebas Tanpa Redaman

Solusi dari persamaan di atas adalah:

2 2

Sehingga diperoleh persamaan:

2
Persamaan di atas dapat ditulis:
2

Dengan aturan Cramer solusi dari persamaan di atas:

Pemecahan non-trivial dimungkinkan

Persamaan ini disebut persamaan frekuensi sistem,

dengan memperluas determinan akan diperoleh
persaman aljabar berderajat N dalam parameter w2
untuk sistem yang mempunyai B derajat kebebasan.
w2 disebut eigen-value
DETERMINANT
CONTOH:
m3=1 Asumsi:
K3= 3
m2=1 Lantai kaku
K2= 4
Tidak ada deformasi aksial
m1=1
Semua massa terkumpul
K1= 5 pada lantai

1 2 2
2 2 3 3
3 3
Periode Alami |D| = 0

2
2
2

2 2 2 2

6 4 2

2 3 2 2 2

2
Solusi untuk Ragam ke-1
2 (1)
1
2 (1)
1
2 (1)
1

(1)
1
(1)
1
(1)
1

(1)
1
(1)
1
(1)
1
Solusi untuk Ragam ke-2
(2)
1
(2)
1
(2)
1

Solusi untuk Ragam ke-3

(3)
1
(3)
1
(3)
1
Normalisasi Eigenvctor

T 1 T
Mn n M n n ( 3.614 3.169 1 )

1 T 1
M1 n M n M1 ( 24.105)
1 1

1
0.736
1
1 0.646
2
1 n M1
1 1
0.204
Normalisasi Eigenvctor
T 2 T
Mn n M n n ( 1.049 0.881 1 )

2 T 2
M2 n M n M2 ( 2.876)
2 2

1
2
0.619
2 0.519
2
2 n M2
1 1
0.59

T 3 T
Mn n M n n ( 0.352 0.717 1 )

3 T 3
M3 n M n M3 ( 1.637)
3 3

1
3
0.275
3 0.56
1 1
2
3 n M3

0.782