Chem 101 Exam 1 Study Guide

Please use this information to help you while studying. It contains the information I believe is
the most important for you to master in this section of the course. Please also study all of the
powerpoints and your class notes, since anything touched on in class is fair game for the exam.
Also, do your homework questions. Remember, your exam is pulled from: lecture, powerpoints,
homework, and the sections of the book we cover. Best of luck!

Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement

Conceptual Skills

Scientific method two characteristics of a scientific hypothesis

States of matter microscopic vs macroscopic
Basic chemistry vocabulary see powerpoint slides
Elements vs compounds (figure 1.9)
Mixtures heterogeneous and homogeneous (hmwk 1.11); how to separate mixtures
Chemical vs physical (hmwk 1.17 & 19); intensive vs extensive properties
SI units table 1.4 (omit ampere/candela)
SI prefixes table 1.5, must memorize giga fempto (hmwk 1.23)
Mass vs weight
Temperature Celsius and Kelvin
Density mass/volume
Precision vs accuracy
Significant figure rules (p. 22 25)

Mathematical Skills

Metric conversions using prefixes (sample exercise 2.1, with angstroms)

Converting from Celsius to Kelvin (sample exercise 1.3)
Density problems (sample exercise 1.4; hmwk 1.27, 1.71, 1.74)
Significant figures (sample exercises 1.6, 1.7, 1.8) (hmwk 1.35, 1.37, 1.39)
Conversion factors (sample exercises 1.9, 1.10) (hmwk 1.45) (note: you dont have to memorize
the conversion from liters to gallons, for example, but you should be able to convert one unit to
the other given the conversion factor)
Conversions using volume (sample exercise 1.11)
Conversions involving density (sample exercise 1.12) (hmwk 1.51, 1.55)
 Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Conceptual Skills

Atomic theory of matter

o Democritus
o Daltons atomic theory
o Law of Conservation of Mass
o Law of Multiple Proportions
Cathode rays and electrons
o Who discovered?
o Structure of cathode ray tube
o Magnets and their effect on cathode rays why?
Millikan oil drop experiment
o Charge to mass ratio
Radioactivity
o Becquerel, Curies, Rutherford
o , , radiation define in terms of mass and charge
Diagram (draw and label) Rutherfords experiment of radiation in an electric field (p.43)
o Hmwk 2.15
Plum-pudding model of atom draw/describe who proposed?
Draw and explain Rutherfords gold foil experiment (p.44)
Subatomic particles proton, neutron, electron
o Charges and relative masses? Location in the atom? (hmwk 2.19)
Memorize unit of Angstroms () 1 angstrom = 1 x 10-10 m
Atomic numbers/mass numbers/isotopes (sample exercise 2.3) (hmwk 2.21, 2.23, 2.25)
Periodic table geography is destiny!
o Periods and groups (hmwk 2.96)
o Names of important groups: 1A, 2A, 6A, 7A, 8A
o Nonmetals/metals/metalloids (2.37)
o Elements that are diatomic
Molecular vs empirical formulas (sample exercise 2.6) (hmwk 2.43)
Ions
o Writing symbols (sample exercise 2.7) and predicting charge (sample exercise 2.8)
(hmwk 2.49, 2.51)
o Writing formulas of ionic compounds (sample exercise 2.10) (hmwk 2.55, 2.57)
Identifying ionic vs molecular compounds (sample exercise 2.9) (hmwk 2.59)
Chemical nomenclature learn rules on p. 59 65
o Table 2.4 common cations (memorize bold ones charge and formula)
o Table 2.5 common anions (memorize bold ones charge and formula, plus peroxide
and cyanide)
 o Table 2.6 nonmetal prefixes (memorize)
o Sample exercises 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 2.15
o Hmwk 2.63, 2.67, 2.69, 2.71, 2.104
o Tutorials posted on Sakai may be helpful

Mathematical Skills

Determining number of subatomic particles in atoms (sample exercise 2.2)

Determining atomic weight (sample exercise 2.4) (hmwk 2.29, 2.31)

Chapter 3 Stoichiometry
Conceptual Skills

Law of conservation of mass

Parts of a chemical equation
Combination reactions
Decomposition reactions
Combustion reactions reactants and products; states
Moles and Avogadros number
Identifying limiting reagents

Mathematical Skills

Balancing chemical equations (sample exercises 3.2, 3.3, 3.4)

Calculating formula weights using amus (sample exercise 3.5)
Calculating percent composition (sample exercise 3.6)
Estimating numbers of atoms using Avogadros number (sample exercise 3.7)
Converting moles to numbers of atoms (sample exercise 3.8)
Calculating molar mass (sample exercise 3.9)
Converting from mass to moles or vice versa (sample exercises 3.10 and 3.11)
Converting mass to numbers of molecules (sample exercise 3.12)
Calculating an empirical formula from percentages (sample exercise 3.13)
Determining molecular formula from empirical formula and molar mass (sample exercise 3.14)
Using combustion analysis to determine empirical formula (sample exercise 3.15)
Calculating amts of reactants & products from the chem eqn (sample exercises 3.16 and 3.17)
Calculating the amt of product formed by limiting reagent (sample exercises 3.18, 3.19)
Calculating theoretical and percent yields (sample exercise 3.20)

*note: all Chapter 3 hmwk problems are especially relevant and good practice
hence I did not put any specific ones on this study guide.*