TAI SHO DARUMA -THE PREPATORY

EXCERCISES OF GOJU-RYU KARA-TE

Critical elements of Okinawan Goju-Ryu training begin with the preparatory exercises,
commonly referred to as the "warming up". Before warming up can be specifically discussed,
there must first be an understanding of what it is and why it is so crucial to Martial development.
Contrary to what many people in the Martial Arts community know or say, the warming up
serves many more important functions than merely loosening up the body in order to safely train
for that particular day. More importantly, the warm up provides the practitioner with a long-term
method for developing a "Martial physique", which allows for the ability to pull off the true
Martial Arts techniques in real life situation. In addition, the warm up enables the practitioner to
attain the Martial speed, power and flexibility whereby the Martial knowledge can be effectively
utilized. A correct Martial Arts warming up also provides the practitioner with a greater insight
into the Art, which he or she has chosen to study. In essence, the warm up can be considered to
be a reflection of the techniques and principles, which are found within a particular Martial Arts
system. Upon close examination, it becomes apparent that the postures and movements within
the warm up are similarly found within the other areas of the training curriculum (namely, the
basics, the forms and the two person applications). With this in mind, it is no wonder that as one
progresses in the warm up, the other areas of the training are elevated to higher levels. When the
warm up is analyzed in this manner, it becomes possible to see how it is such an integral part of
Martial Arts training. The question which must be asked is why, if the warm up is such a
necessary ingredient to the "recipe" for Martial Arts success, so many individuals fail to take
advantage of its' obvious benefits? The answer to such a question must lie in one of two places.
The first seems to involve an ignorance of what a Martial Arts warm up consists of and why it is
so important for Martial development. The second answer, which I believe to be the more
common of the two, is the unwillingness of many practitioners to accept something which is so
foreign, to be viewed as a "normal way" -a "standard". What this means is that there exists a
tendency to show interest in "areas of training" which feel natural or comfortable. Specifically,
many practitioners choose to engage in "western style" exercises such as pushups, jumping jacks
and running. These particular exercises seem to satisfy "the thirst" for a warming up which
provides a good sweat. What is not apparent to these individuals is the fact that the above-
mentioned exercises lack any real substance or depth; the sole purpose of this surface level type
of warm-up is to warm the body up, without any concern for long term Martial development. So,
should they learn any advanced techniques in the future, these advanced techniques will not have
any substance, only the pattern of the movements. It is now appropriate to discuss some of the
specific key elements of the Goju-Ryu warm up, as taught by the masters. The first aspect
involves joint, muscles and skeletal loosening exercises. These loosening exercises begin at the
toes and work their way up to the top of the head, resulting in the maximum pliability and
strength of all the joints, muscles and bones in the body. The next area of the warming up
consists of breathing exercises, which, as very few Martial Artists know, are where true power is
developed. The breathing exercises teach the practitioner many important concepts, such as:
1) Learning to breathe from the "tanden" --approximately two inches below the navel and
not from the chest.
 2) Coordination of the breath with particular body movements.
3) Ability to take air into and out of the body in exact increments.
4) An understanding of how to "lock" the breath in conjunction with
5) Locking the body and conversely, how to soften the breath in conjunction with softening
the body and all the other different combinations. There are many combinations from this
basic pattern that one must also learn.
The last major area of the warm up involves Martial conditioning exercises which, unlike
their western counterparts (pushups, jumping jacks and running), develop the Martial power
needed to apply the real techniques in the worst possible situation -when your life depends upon
them. The Martial conditioning exercises are essential, because it is here, where the practitioner
learns to place the body into the most difficult postures/positions while simultaneously striving
to develop "usable" Martial powers. By this, the practitioners attempt to simulate the awkward
positions, which they may find themselves in during an actual combat situation. The key
question is whether the practitioner can still develop true power from these awkward positions.
Fortunately, for those who practice the Martial conditioning exercises, the answer to such a
question is usually yes. In addition to what has been previously mentioned, the warming up
includes a particular timing and speed with respect to the various exercises. Here, the goal is to
develop a similar timing and speed throughout the entire training curriculum (from the warming
up, to the basics, to the forms and finally to the two man applications). The underlying purpose
behind this training principle is to develop the necessary timing and speed, which will make the
techniques applicable. This is accomplished by engraining the particular timing and speed into
the practitioners' body through continual exposure to the warm up. This "engraining process"
forces one to respond to a real life attack with a properly timed response, which is delivered with
blinding speed and incredible impact. The warming up is step one in long process towards
Martial Arts proficiency. It is critical, at the beginning stages of training, for a student to attain a
full understanding of his or her body. Further, it is essential that a practitioner adapt his or her
body to meet the particular requirements of the Art, which they have chosen to study. The warm
up, when performed correctly, is an ideal training tool to accomplish these needs. Put simply, the
warm up contains a methodology for training a student in the ways of their chosen Art.
 TAI SHO DARUMA (WARMUP) SEQUENCE
Bow in.
Attention - with the palm of each hand at the kidneys.
Feet
1. Inside edge big toe down small toes up.
2. Outside edge big toe up small toes down.
3. Heel up and turn outwards lock up all leg muscles.
4. Up on toes to up on heels control the balance and a sharp jerk backwards.
Ankles
1. Foot up and down waving the toes up and down.
2. Twist foot out/in big toe up and small toes down and reverse keep ankle straight.
3. Circle foot each direction complete and perfect circle woven by the toes.
Knees
1. Forward and back palms on knees with elbow locked keep balance.
2. Circles both ways palms on knees with elbow locked keep balance.
Long Stance semi back, full front and modified long leg sitting stances.
1. Stretch and point foot & alternate the two feet pointing outwards 45 degrees.
2. Stand up to a forward stance & alternate two feet BOTH pointing SAME direction.
3. Toes up resting on a back heel of the foot and alternate.
4. No hands and move back and forth buttocks touching the floor each time.
Waist
1. Feet apart & touch the floor 3 times all the way down and all the way up.
2. Lean backwards palms of the hands at buttocks 3 times.
3. Feet together & touch the floor all the way down and all the way up.
4. Lean backwards palm of the hands on the buttocks 3 times.
5. Karate drum exercise twisting the waist arms loose.
6. High push over to the side with both palms (left guard/right high block & alternate).
7. High push over to the rear with both palms (left guard/right high block & alternate).
8. Throw hand over your shoulder, with palms to the floor twisting.
9. Feet apart bend over back straight and scoop to the front/left/right spine of tail bone to the top of head
straight through to the arm to the wrist A STRAIGHT LINE.
Horse stance A special section.
1. Shoulder stretching by pointing it forward towards the floor (pushing on knees & look over same with
elbows LOCKED) this twisting, stretching and articulation of the spine. The buttocks are sitting and with
the tailbone MUST BE pointing downwards and outwards towards the floor. THIS IS A MUST -- VERY
IMPOTANT.
2. Inhale, raised body up, chin in with eyes looking straight ahead (no arms supporting), and then exhale with
mouth open with the face and eyes looking toward the sky, while dropping into a low horse stance with the
arms and elbows lock supporting the body. NOTE: Males and females On inhale, lock tanden in horse
stance (male- contract and pull testicles upwards. Females contract reproductive areas.) Exhale, relax
and drop all areas. Children under 14 and 15 years of age SHOULD NOT DO this exercise as well as the
other breathing exercises.
Basic Stance (right foot forward Sanchin) Hands & arms
1. Work each finger of each hand flexing in all directions.
2. Wrists (Flexing and bending in all directions down, up, in, and outwards) Both Hands.
3. Hands and arm-twisting in combinations -- in and outwards alternating Both sides.
4. Hold the wrist and a do a perfect circle the hand both ways both hands.
5. Hold the elbow and a do a perfect circle the arm both ways both arms.
6. Fingertips together pushing with both hand spider position inhaling with inwards movements with
pointing finger and thumb gentle touching solar plexus at the stop-lock breath, then outwards in a semi
circle with middle finger pointing front and slightly downwards while exhaling and maintain pushing.
7. Open to basic arm position & open and close the hand both hands Sanchin posture.
 8. Slap hands together over head (elbows behind the ears) move up and down and out and in with breathing
and locking of each breath.
9. Re-open to Sanchin arm position and open hands in chest block & then knife hand down block, then
Sanchin grab and pull in and knife hand point with open hand. Breathing and locking sequences.
10. Basic step back twice with circle blocks.
11. Basic step back twice with circle blocks.
Open Stance
1. High back fist to side left then right -- vertical U shape arms, palms of fists facing ears -- breath
coordination and arm alignment is a must! Short strike max. effects.
2. High back fists to side -- together maintain U shape arms and breathing.
3. Chest level (keep elbows pointing outwards) back fist to side left then right to face. FAST AS POSSIBLE
with the FULL STOKE.
4. Chest level back fists to side same time.
5. Knife hands to side left then right -- throat level.
6. Knife hands to side same time (be careful of hand to cut at end of travel).
7. Two hands -- knife hands to side cut to throat, back of head block, front of head cut then hands to chest
open hand done with breathing pattern.
8. Hands closed to fists elbows locked & go into arm swings forward and back fast as possible.
Flexible horse exercises
1. Two hands straight up palms FACING the sky alignment of arms locked and behind or with ears spine
is STRAIGHT and SRETCHED -- A MUST!
2. Two hands straight out to the front chest level middle fingers perpendicular towards the sky (in all
directions).
3. Two hands straight down 45 degrees the palms facing outwards -- middle fingers perpendicular (in all
directions) to the earth (floor).
4. Two hands straight down with the palms facing parallel to the floor and the fingers pointing outwards
horse stance is all the way down with back straight A MUST!
5. Combinations of two hands -- fingers thrusts/palms slam out/palms down with fingers pointing towards
knees then grab and pull up and locked.
Neck
1. Attention, palms to kidneys.
2. Neck and head tilts side to side -- eyes fixed looking straight to the front at the horizon.
3. Neck twisting looking behind you left and right.
4. Neck rolls up & down (center/left /right).
5. Neck circles alternate with eyes fixed looking at the horizon.
Floor work
1. Karate Push Up.
2. The Jump In and out.
3. The jump in and kick out.
4. The jump in and kick to 45 degrees and pull back in.
5. Relax.
6. Karate sit-up keep elbows point OUTWARDS and OPENED -- Balance!
7. Toe to hands & hands to toes --Keep knees LOCK at all times.
Stretching
1. Sitting up with bottom of the feet touching- & tilt body forward, chest to the floor.
2. Both legs straight out & tilt body forward touch your toes and beyond Stretch the spine at the same time.
3. Bring left foot into chest/lean over the knee then lean over the center.
4. Switch and do other side.
5. Legs into full Lotus position and lean over left/right/center.
6. Left leg out to side in split & switch.
7. Full splits go to sides & center at the center the abdominal, chest and face to the floor. Feet together &
palms touching breathing in & out slowly.
Stand at attention and bow out.
The listing of the exercises were compiled by Mr. Philip Allain & Ms. Colleen Weber; Barrie, Ontario, Canada
November 10, 2000
 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF KARA-TE:
The Special Merits Of Kara-te, by Miyagi Chojun (March 23, 1934)

1. A large space is not required.

2. It can be practiced alone.
3. Its practice does not require much time.
4. Men and women, young or old, can practice Kara-te, it depends entirely upon one's
constitution.
5. Proper Kata (Formal exercises) can be selected and practiced at one's discretion.
6. One can practice with empty hands or the use of simple equipment can also be employed
without much expense.
7. Training in Kara-te improves one's health.
8. This fact is evident from the physical condition of aged enthusiasts.
9. Physical and mental unity develops an indomitable spirit.

CHI-I- DO VIRTUES
1.COURTESY: One must be respectful to all people and to be respectful to ourselves.
2. LOYALTY: One must be loyal to the organization, the Sensei or instructors, classmates,
family and friends.
3. KINDNESS: One will refrain from making negative statements about anyone. One should
always strive for what is good and correct. To work toward harmony between all people and
always keep in mind of others' well-being.
4. COURAGE: One must never surrender to the enemy. To correct what we know is wrong and
to succeed in one goals or intentions. We will utilize our skills to help and defend the
defenseless, our family, friends and our honor.
5. JUSTICE: One needs to know that we are all equal, to understand that we all have weakness.
One must never be arrogant and always be humble. One must refrain in giving unnecessary
displays of ones abilities.
6. DISCIPLINE: Refrain from violence. One must always exercise self-control and to always
finish what is started.
7. STRENGTH: To be strong always! To develop an indomitable spirit and to develop one's will
to be like steel, for this is the way of the martial arts.
8. HONOR: One must refrain from wrong doings, which can to bring shame upon oneself and
us, for we represent the heritage of correctness, as those before us have preserved. To be
honorable, one must be honorable to others.
9. TRUTH: Be true to yourself and others. For deceit and lies will breed negativity and darkness
to one's spirit, mind and body.
 DOJO ETIQUETTE
1. Always try to be on time for training and train with passion when you are on the Dojo floor.
2. Always bow upon entering and leaving the Dojo floor. Bowing is a sign of respect and
appreciation for the Dojo and the others who share the Dojo floor.
3. All requests of assistance in training should be prefaced with a bow accompanied by a clear
and loud audible enunciated: "PLEASE TEACH ME!" or (0 Nei Gai Shi Mas!). Assistance
offered should be acknowledged by a bow accompanied by an equally clear and loud, audible
enunciated: "THANK YOU VERY MUCH!" or (Ari Gato Go Sai Mas Shi Ta!).
4. Seniors will treat and teach their juniors kindly. Juniors must always respect rank and
seniority.
5. All students, regardless of rank, are responsible for keeping the Dojo clean. All ranks will have
their chores, with the lowest rank assigned first.
6.When training with an instructor or Sensei: "PAY ATTENTION TO THE INSTRUCTIONS
AND COMMANDS." All students must respond to the commands quickly and sharply. Listen
carefully and respectfully to any advice given to you by the Instructor or Sensei even if you have
heard it before and acknowledge that you heard it and understood it.
7. Juniors should feel free to ask seniors about materials assigned to them. Students should not
concern themselves with materials beyond their level. Kata and others Forms or the Instructor
will teach materials or Sensei at the time that is deemed appropriated.
8. Always be aware of personal hygiene. Finger and toenails must be kept trimmed to prevent
injuries to other working that you are working with. All jewelry must be removed to prevent
injuries to oneself as well as to others. Gi or other attire worn must be clean and presentable.
They must be washed and be in wearable and respectable condition. A clean body, internally as
well as externally, is as important as clean training attire.
9. Respect others in their performance, as you would like others to respect you. Show
appreciation for good performances, refrain all remarks and gestures upon poor performances.
Remember, you made mistakes too.
10. When observing training on the Dojo floor, refrain from talking, making noise and
unnecessary movements or negative gestures. If sitting on the floor, sit properly the perimeter of
the floor, with both legs crossed, or in lotus posture with you hands in your lap with the proper
respectable body poise. If standing, stand still with the same proper respectable poise.

REMEMBER, ANYONE CAN DO MARTIAL ARTS AND TO BEHAVE ARROGANTLY

AND UNRULY, BUT THESE ARE NOT THE WAYS TO BECOME A WELL-BRED
MARTIAL ARTIST AND TO BE RESPECTED BY OTHERS IN SOCIETY.
HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF KARATE-DO,

MARTIAL ARTS OF RYUKYU

By Chojun Miyagi

Remarks: The title in Japanese is "Ryukyu Kenpo Karate-do Enkaku Gaiyo".

This essay appeared as a supplementary article in two books, "Okinawa Karate-Do" by Shoshin Nagamine (1975,
Shinjinbutsu Oraisha) and "Okinawaden Goju-Ryu Karate-Do" by Eiichi Miyazato (1979, Jitsugyono Sekaisha).
Some parts are omitted in this translation.

Original Remarks: This essay was written and prepared by Master Chojun Miyagi especially for
the club members when he gave us the lecture "About Karate-do" and its demonstration at the
lecture hall on the 4th floor of Meiji Shoten at Sakaisuji, (Osaka) on 28th January 1936.
1. Preface
What is karate? It is the art we exercise mind and body for health promotion in daily life, but in
case of emergency it is the art of self-defence without any weapon. In most cases we fight with
our bodies - hands, feet, elbows etc - to defeat opponents. However, in some cases, in accordance
with circumstances, we may also use weapons (such as Bo, Sai, Nunchaku, Tonfa, Weeku, Kama
etc).
People often misunderstand karate. When they see some originated from Chinese kungfu.
We have few books on origin of Chinese kungfu, so we cannot conclude immediately, but
according to a theory, the martial arts originated in central Asia and the area around Turkey when
the ancient civilization was developed. And then it was introduced to China gradually. However,
we still another theory. It says that about 5,000 years ago Chinese kungfu originated at the age of
Yellow Emperor (= Emperor Huang) who built the brilliant culture at the Yellow River basin.
Anyway, it is not difficult to imagine that the prototype of martial arts was born by fighting spirit
for struggle which human being possess by nature. For example, most styles of Chinese kungfu
were created by mimicking fights of animals or birds. You can see it from the styles' names such
as Tiger Style, Lion Style, Monkey Style, Dog Style, Crane Style and so on. In the age a little
later, Chinese kungfu split into Southern school and Northern school. Moreover, each school
split into Neijia and Waijia. The characteristic of Neijia is mainly softness, and it is a defensive
fighting arts. Wudang kungfu (= Taichi for example) is typical of Neijia. The characteristic of
Waijia is mainly hardness, and it is an aggressive fighting arts. Shaolin kungfu is typical of
Waijia, which was created at Shaolin Temple in Songshang Mountaion, Henan province. And
later, in the ages of Tang dynasty and Song dynasty, we can find many kungfu warriors at the
height of their success. When we consider how karate was introduced to Ryukyu (= Okinawa),
we have various opinions without any historical evidence. We have not yet come to a correct
conclusion on this matter. There are three main opinions, namely "Thirty-six Chinese
Immigrants", "Oshima Notes" and "Importation in Keicho Period". Simple explanations of each
opinion are as follows.

(1) Thirty-six Chinese Immigrants

In 1392 (Ming dynasty in China), thirty-six Chinese immigrants came to Ryukyu from
Fujian province. At that time karate was introduced to Ryukyu by Chinese immigrants from
Fujian province.

(2) Oshima Notes

In 1762, the merchant ship of the Ryukyu Kingdom was caught in a heavy storm on the
way to Satsuma (= Kagoshima prefecture now), and cast ashore on the coast of Oshima, Tosa (=
Kochi prefecture now). Shiohira Pechin, a high rank official of the ship, was an intelligent
person. He was helped by Choki Tobe, an intellectual who lived in Oshima. Tobe wrote down
Shiohira's interesting stories about the Ryukyu Kingdom. His notes were called "Oshima Notes".
The 3rd volume of "Oshima Notes" says "Koshankun, a kungfu warrior, came from China to
Ryukyu (= Okinawa) bringing his disciples with him."
According to the Notes, at that time people called the martial arts "Kumiaijutsu" instead
of karate. This notes is the most reliable literature on karate.
(3) Importation in Keicho Period
In 1609 (14th year of Keicho period), the Shimazu clan of Satsuma (= Kagoshima
prefecture now) invaded the Ryukyu Kingdom, and they prohibited possessing weapons by
people of Ryukyu. Some believe that karate was created spontaneously due to the cruel
oppression by Satsuma. The others insist that karate was not a domestic creation but what was
imported from China. I think it is reasonable to consider that karate was a fusion of martial arts
from China and "Te" a native martial arts, which had already existed, so karate was developed
remarkably and even today it is still improved rationally and developed. We have a few different
opinions on origin of karate, but they are popular misconceptions and not worth listening.
As mentioned above, so far we do not have any definite and convincing opinion yet.
Anyway, karate has been developed, modified and improved for so many years.

3. Karate circles in the past

We also do not know origin of the name "karate", but it is true that the name "karate" was
made recently. In the old days it was called "Te". At that time people used to practice karate
secretly, and a masters taught a few advanced Kata out of all the Kata only to his best disciple. If
he had no suitable disciple, he never taught anyone, and eventually such Kata have completely
died out. As a result, there are many Kata which were not handed down. In about middle of Meiji
period (1868-1912), prominent karate masters abolished the old way of secrecy. Karate was
opened to the public, so it was soon recognized by society. It was dawn in the development of
karate. In accordance with the rapidly progressing culture, karate was also recognized as physical
education, and it was adopted as one of the teaching subjects at school. Therefore, at last karate
has won the social approval.

4. How we teach karate at present.

According to oral history, in the old days, the teaching policy of karate put emphasis on self-
defence techniques. With just a motto of "no first attack in karate", teachers showed their
students the moral aspects. However, I heard that in reality they tended to neglect such moral
principles. So gradually the teaching policy was improved with the change of the times. Now we
discontinued and abolished the wrong tradition of so-called "body first, and mind second", and
we made our way toward Tao of fighting arts or the truth of karate. Eventually we have obtained
the correct motto "mind first, and body second" which means karate and Zen are the same.
Those who are engaged in teaching karate in Okinawa prefecture and outside Okinawa
prefecture at present are as follows. (in random order)
In Okinawa prefecture:
Kentsu Yabu, Chomo Hanashiro, Chotoku Kyan, Anbun Tokuda, Juhatsu Kyoda, Choshin
Chibana, Jinsei Kamiya, Shinpan Shiroma, Seiko Higa, Kamado Nakasone, Jin-an Shinzato,
Chojun Miyagi
Outside Okinawa prefecture:
Gichin Funakoshi, Choki Motobu, Kenwa Mabuni, Masaru Sawayama, Sanyu Sakai, Moden
Yabiku, Jizaburo Miki, Yasuhiro Konishi, Shinji Sato, Mizuine Mutsu, Kamesuke Higaonna,
Shinjun Otsuka, Shin Taira, Koki Shiroma, Kanbun Uechi

5. About karate styles or Ryu

There are various opinions about Ryu or styles of karate in Ryukyu (= Okinawa), but they are
just guessing without any definite research or evidence.
With regard to this matter, we feel as if we are groping in the dark.
According to a popular opinion out of them, we can categorize karate into two styles: Shorin-
Ryu and Shorei-Ryu. They insist that the former is fit for a stout person, while the latter for a
slim person. However, such an opinion proved to be false by many studies. In the meantime,
there is the only opinion we can trust. It is as follows: In 1828 (Qing or Ching dynasty in China),
our ancestors inherited a kungfu style of Fujian province in China. They continued their studies
and formed Goju karate.
Even today, there still exists an orthodox group which inherited genuine and authentic Goju
karate.

6. The feature of karate

Some good points of karate are as follows.
(1) A large place or a spacious area is not required for practicing karate.
(2) You can practice karate by yourself. You can also do it together with other karate members by
forming a group.
(3) You don't have to spend many hours in practicing karate.
(4) You can choose Kata suitable for your physical strength and practice it regardless of age and
gender.
(5) Without spending much money, you can practice karate with simple equipment (such as
Makiwara) or without it.
(6) Karate is very effective as a means of health promotion. There are many karateka who are
healthy and live long lives.
(7) As a result of training in mind and body, you can cultivate your character and acquire
indomitable spirit.
7. The future of karate-do
The days when karate was taught secretly was over, and has come the new age in which we
practice and study karate publicly and officially.
Therefore, the future of karate-do is bright. Taking this opportunity, we should stop advertising
karate as if it was a mysterious and magical fighting art in a small island called Ryukyu. We
should open karate to the public and receive criticism, opinions and studies from the other
prominent fighting artists. In the future, we should invent complete protectors for a safety karate
tournament like other fighting arts, so that karate becomes one of Japans fighting arts.
Nowadays karate-do has become popular all over Japan, where many people study karate-do
very hard. Even outside Japan, karate-do is popular. There is a man who graduated from
university in Tokyo. He is now propagating and studying karate-do in Europe. In May 1934, I
was invited to propagate and teach karate-do in Hawaii, U.S.A. by Okinawans there and a
newspaper company. Karate clubs have been established in Hawaii since then.
As mentioned above, now karate-do has become not only a Japanese martial arts but also an
international martial arts.

8. The teaching method of karate

As each person has his or her distinctive character, the muscle development is different
depending on his or her muscle use. Therefore, at first, we do "Preparatory Exercise" to develop
our muscles so that we can practice karate exercises easier, and then "Fundamental Kata",
"Supplementary Exercise", "Kaishu Kata" and "Kumite Training". We teach karate in this way.
Each outline is as follows.
(1) Preparatory Exercise
We exercise each muscle of our body in order to enhance its flexibility, strength and endurance,
and then we practice the fundamental Kata, namely Sanchin, Tensho and Naifanchi. We do again
this preparatory exercise after practice of Kata to relax our muscles. And we take a breathing
exercise and take a rest quietly.
(2) Fundamental Kata
Sanchin, Tensho and Naifanchi are the fundamental Kata. Through practicing them, we can take
a correct posture. We can inhale and exhale correctly. We can adjust increasing or decreasing our
power harmoniously. We can develop a powerful physique and a strong will of warrior.
(3) Supplementary Exercise
This exercise enables us to learn and perform Kaishu Kata well. We exercise each part of our
body with a particular movement. We also practice with various equipments to enhance our outer
whole strength and particular part strength.
(4) Kaishu Kata (= Kata except Fundamental Kata)
Nowadays we have about twenty or thirty kinds of Kata, and their names are various depending
on their creators. Kata has techniques of defense and offense which are connected appropriately.
It has various directions of the movements and it is something like gymnastics. We should
perform Kata by using power of mind and body in accordance with its technical purpose so that
we can learn the principle of untying and tying.
(5) Kumite Training
We untie Kaishu Kata which we already learned, and we study techniques of defense and offense
in Kaishu Kata. Understanding its technical purpose, we practice the techniques of attack and
defense with fighting spirit like a real situation.
I summarize as follows. We induce the interaction of mind and body from the fundamental Kata,
Sanchin, Tensho and Naifanchi. We develop the spirit of martial arts by acquiring fighting
techniques through practicing Kaishu Kata and Kumite training correctly.