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paciente en Hemodilisis y
su tratamiento
Ps. Andrea Florenzano
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5NIVERSITY IN "UDAPEST
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de mltiples sistemas: si
mismo, pareja, familia, roles,
intetucional, pp.
-Aspectos psico- sociales de la
EC: su influencia no slo sobre
la calidad de vida del enfermo
y la familia, sino en la
evolucin y eficacia de la
teraputica e intervenciones
empleadas.
Qu sucede al sujeto?
Proceso de ajuste a la
enfermedad y al tratamiento
La enfermedad como suceso vital La enfermedad crnica requiere ajustes:
A la nueva realidad el organismo:
- Sntomas
- Incapacidades y limitaciones fsicas
- Efectos y condiciones del tratamiento
A la nueva situacin:
- Exmenes e intervenciones medicas
- A un entorno ajeno, relaciones nuevas.
- Incertidumbre
- Cambio de estilo de vida.
comporta.
Existen tambin fases distinguibles.
Se oscila entre estados de inundacin y negacin, la alternancia permite
descansar y elaborar, para poder integrar la experiencia en la personalidad total.
Cuando esta alternancia se detiene, es producirn posible mente respuestas
patolgicas.
Qu sucede cuando no se logra
el ajuste? Cuando no se
elaboran las prdidas?
Deterioro de la calidad
de vida
Sintomatologa
Psicopatologa
Problemticas de la
adherencia
ALL QUALITY OF LIFE (21/, MEASUREMENTS CONVEY IMPORTANT INFORMATION
s (21/, PROVIDES IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THE OVERALL WELL
ABOUT THE PATIENTS WHICH IS ACCESSIBLE THROUGH NEITHER TRADITIONAL BEING OF PATIENTS NOT READILY AVAILABLE FROM TRADITIONAL CLINICAL
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0SYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS ARE LIKELY TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR
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BASED INSTRUMENTS WILL LIKELY IMPROVE THE ACCURACY OF (21/, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS
MEASUREMENT 0SYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS ARE STRONG PREDICTORS OF (21/,
AND PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS ARE PROPOSED TO POTENTIALLY IMPROVE
(21/, IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
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Calidad de vida
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Comorbilidad sintomtica:
Estudios determianan que el paciente en tratamiento de HD usualmente
presenta patologia psicolgica /psiquitrica asociada (esto nos hace pensar en
Comorbilidad sintomtica
un ajuste defectuoso):
- Angustia
- Sentimientos de incapacidad
- Ansiedad
- Disminucion del interes o placer en toas las actividades
- Irritabilidad
- Deterioro socio familiar
- Disfucnion sexual
- Dificultades para dormir
- Alteraciones neuropsicologicas y trasntornos cognitivos.
- Probelmas en relacin a la ingesta de alimentos, lquido y peso.
- Ideacin suicida
Sndromes y cuadros:
-Tr del Animo/afectivos: Pricnipalmente Depresin. Clnica y subclncia.
-Tr Ansiosos.
-SSPT
-Tr del Sueo.
,EARNING /BJECTIVES
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relacin con el paciente
Cmo entender nuestra
Qu nos produce la
relacin con el paciente y
la enfermedad.
Cmo cuidarnos los
cuidadores para mejorar
la calidad de vida.
Relacin Tratante - Paciente
Relacin
profesional.
Relacin
emocional,
psicolgica
Algunas reacciones frecc de cuidadores:
Necesidad de salvar al paciente, fantasas
reparatorias.
Fracaso y frustracin ante el progreso de la enf.
Impotencia frente a la enf. y las prdidas que implica
Duelo
Temor a enfermar
Deseos de evitar a las pacientes para no enfrentarse a
esos sentimientos.
Relaciones interpersonales,
autoconocimiento, equipo.
La paradoja de la comunicacin:
Imposibilidad de no comunicar.
La imposibilidad de comunicarse.
Dos
Reflexiones y propuestas
Qu podemos hacer
como miembros del
equipo de
intervencin?
En nuestro trabajo debemos recordar en todo
momento que la profesionalidad est
compuesta tanto por:
- Un adecuado manejo y perfeccionamiento
tcnico de la especialidad.
- Nuestra capacidad de asistir a una
persona: singular, con sus particularidades,
necesidades y especificidades.
- Integrar y construir un equipo profesional y
humano.
Conciencia de la importancia de la la subjetividad
de la enfermedad y de relacin teraputica en el
ajuste del paciente (de ese paciente particular,
singular) a su enfermedad y tratamiento.
Actitud de disponibilidad general, y enfatizada
en momentos crticos y de crisis (WEI-JI).
Enfasis en el paciente y su singularidad.
Educacin al paciente y a la familia.
Disponibilidad
progresin de la enfermedad
Menor incidencia de dilisis de
urgencia.
Participacin del paciente y de su
familia en la eleccin de la TRR.
Mayor aceptacin de la terapia
Mayor continuidad laboral
Disminucin de trastornos
psicolgicos
Nephrol Dial Transplant (2001) 16 [Suppl 7]:20-24.
Hoy sabemos que correlacionan
positivamente con el tratamiento:
L as ilusiones positivas. Trasmitir al
paciente una actutud relaista de confianza
en el tratmaiento y en sus capacidades
para adherirse y adaptarse a este son de
buen pronostico para la evolucion de la
enfermedad.
Si el Clncio est por ejemplo con BO no
va a poder transmitir esto.
Mecanismos para el autocuidado