Risk Factors: Genetic

Hypercholesterolemia predisposition
Men (>45 years old)
Women (>55 years old)
Cigarette smoking
cell membrane
Alcoholism
Diabetes mellitus
alteration
Obesity
Physical inability
sodium intake* functional
\
Hereditary* vasoconstriction
Predisposing Factors:
Hypertension*
CAD* peripheral
resistance

HPN
( BP)

Vasoconstriction of
blood vessels

Vasoconstriction of afterload
coronary arteries

workload
Increase pressure of of the LV
blood flow

force of LV
contraction
Injury of the endothelial
vessel layer
(coronary artery)
stress on the
left ventricular
wall
Vessel damage
cardiac output
Brain perfusion:
dizziness, light Left ventricular
Monocytes, platelets,cholesterol headedness, Hypertrophy
and other blood components confusion, anxiety, and dilation
come in contact restlessness.
LV Hypoxia
Response to
energy demands Ventricular remodeling
Scarring
Atherosclerosis causing easily
fatigued,
activity
tolerance
Skin perfusion:
Skin feels cool and
 left ventricular
contractility
CAD

residual blood of
the LV at the time of
cardiac tissue diastole
blood flow

LV pressure
cardiac muscle
contraction

Cardiac Output blood backflows

{
from LV to LA
Activation of
baroreceptors in the LV,
aortic arch, carotid sinus Systemic blood residual blood
pressure of the LA during
diastole
Stimulation of
vasomotor regulatory
Perfusion of
centers in medulla tissues of the body LA pressure

Activation of GFR Renal blood returns to

sympathetic Perfusion pulmonary circulation
nervous system
Proteinuria, Renin
urea Accumulation of
(8.0), blood in the
catecolamines crea (41.),
(epinephrine/ RBC formation of pulmonary capillary
norepineohrine) Angiotensin I bed
(Lungs)
ACE
Angiotensin II
Hypothalamus
Sodium and
ADH Water retention Pulmonary edema:
dyspnea, cough, crackles,
2 pillow orthopnea
(07/22/08)
urine output osmotic
pressure

urine output osmotic Pulmonary edema:

pressure dyspnea, cough, crackles,
2 pillow orthopnea HR
(07/22/08)
 pulmonary O 2 saturation
vascular resistance 77% (07/22/08)

RV
contraction

force of RV
contraction

RV oxygen
demand RV Hypoxia

force of RV
contraction

residual blood
of the RV at the
time of diastole

RV preload

blood backflows
from RV to RA
Peripheral edema,
liver congestion,
ascites, weakness, RA pressure
weight gain due to
retention of fluid
(07/23/08) RA preload

venous blood backflows

fluid moves into pressure
the interstitial space from RA to systemic
JVD (07/24/08) circulation