SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

Example Solve the system by substitution:

y = 3x + 1 (1)
x + y = 9 (2)
Solution
Substitute (1) into (2)
x + (3x + 1) = 9
4x + 1 = 9
4x = 9 1
4x = 8
x=2 (3)
Substitute (3) into (1):
y = 3(2) + 1= 7.
The solution is (2, 7).

Example Solve the system by substitution:

2x + y = 8
xy=1
Solution
From the second equation, we can see x = y + 1. Then, substituting into
the first equation:
2(y + 1) + y= 8
3y + 2 = 8
3y = 6
y=2
If y = 2, then x = y + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3.
The solution is (3, 2).
Example Solve the system by elimination:
3x + 2y = 11
5x 4y = 11
Solution
Multiply the top equation by 2 and add the equations.
6x + 4y = 22
5x 4y = 11
11x = 33
x=3
Now, substitute this value for x in the first equation.
3(3) + 2y = 11
9 + 2y = 11
2y = 2
y=1
The solution is (3, 1).

Example Solve the system by elimination:

5x + 3y = 28
7x 2y = 2
Solution
Multiply the first equation by 2 and the second equation by 3.
2(5x + 3y) = 2(28)
3(7x 2y) = 3(2)
Thus,
10x + 6y = 56
21x 6y = 6 Add the equations.
31x = 62
x=2
Now, solve for y by plugging x = 2 into the second equation.
7(2) 2y = 2
14 2y = 2
2y = 12
y=6
Thus, the common solution is (2, 6).
Example The sum of two numbers is 45 and their difference is 11. What
are the two numbers?
Solution
Let x be the greater of the two numbers.
Let y be the lesser of the two numbers.
Then, we have:
x + y = 45
x y = 11
Add the two equations.
x + y = 45
x y = 11
2x = 56
x = 28
If x is 28 and the numbers differ by 11, then y = 17.
The numbers are 28 and 17.

Example Three binders and four notebooks cost a total of $4.32. One
binder and five notebooks cost $3.97. What is the cost of one notebook?
Solution
Let B be the cost of a binder.
Let N be the cost of a notebook.
Then, we have:
3B + 4N = 4.32
B + 5N = 3.97
Multiply the second equation by 3 and add the equations:
3B + 4N = 4.32
3B 15N = 11.91
11N = 7.59
N = 0.69
Thus, the cost of a notebook is $ 0.69.
Example A printer and monitor together cost $356. The monitor costs
$20 more than two times the printer. How much do the printer and
monitor cost separately?
Solution
Let P be the cost of the printer.
Let M be the cost of the monitor. Then,
P + M = 356
M = 20 + 2P
Substituting for M in the first equation, we get:
P + (20 + 2P) = 356
3P + 20 = 356
3P = 336
P = 112
Then, M = 20 + 2(112) = 244.
The printer costs $112, and the monitor costs $244.
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