2016 MTAP-DepEd-NCR

Seminar Workshop in
Mathematics
Mr. Napoleon A. Montero III
Division of Quezon City
Lagro High School
Opening Activity:

REBUS
PUZZLES
For a change
Absolutely nothing
To infinity and beyond
I ate some pie
Nothing good on tv
summary
Missing You
For instance
Life begins at 40
For once in my life
Hitting below the belt
Water (H2O)
(sarap) bones

Sarap to the bones

2016 MTAP-DepEd-NCR Seminar
Workshop in Mathematics

Sequences and Series/

Average
(Grade 5)
Mr. Napoleon A. Montero III
Division of Quezon City
Lagro High School
Arithmetic Sequence
An arithmetic sequence is a number sequence in
which each term, after the first, is found by adding
a constant, called the common difference, to the
previous term.
To find the next terms in an arithmetic sequence:
1. identify the common difference d by subtracting
any term from its succeeding term.
2. add d to the last term to find the succeeding
terms.
 Arithmetic Sequence
Example:
Find the next three terms in the arithmetic
sequence 18, 23, 28, 33, ...
Get the common difference d by subtracting two consecutive
terms in the arithmetic sequence:
23 18 = 5 28 23 = 5 33 28 = 5
Thus, d = 5.
Add the value of d to the last term of the arithmetic sequence
continuously until the next three terms are obtained:
33 + 5 = 38 38 + 5 = 43 43 + 5 = 48
Therefore, the next three terms of the arithmetic sequence are
38, 43, and 48.
 Arithmetic Sequence
A recursive formula uses the preceding term
to define the next term of the sequence.
Arithmetic Sequence
 Arithmetic Sequence
Example:

Find the 25th term of an arithmetic sequence whose a1 is 3

and whose common difference is 5.

Given that a1 = 3 and d = 5, solve for a25 using the formula

an = a1 + (n 1)d
a25 = 3 + (25 1)5
= 3 + 24(5)
= 3 + 120
a25 = 123
 Arithmetic Series
The sum of the terms of a sequence is known as a
series. If the terms being added belong to an
arithmetic sequence, hence it is considered as an
arithmetic series.
arithmetic sequence arithmetic series
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13
10, 4, -2, -8, -14 10 + 4 + (-2) + (-8) + (-14)
a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, ... , an a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 + ... + an
The sum of the first n terms of a series is expressed as
Sn.
 Arithmetic Series
Observe the given arithmetic series:
23 + 60 + 97 + 134 + 171 + 208 + 245 +282

Considering the obtained equation, 8 represents n, and 305

represents the sum of the first and the last terms, expressed by a1 + an.
A formula can be used to find the sum of the terms in any arithmetic
series.
Arithmetic Series
Arithmetic Series
Example:

Find the sum of the first 100 natural numbers.

Arithmetic Series
Example:
Compute for the sum of the first 50 terms of an arithmetic
series whose first term is 2 and has a common difference of
3.
 Geometric Sequence
If a sequence of numbers is being multiplied
by a non-zero constant, then this set of
numbers is called a geometric sequence.
The constant that is multiplied to each term in
a geometric sequence is called, common
ratio. In any geometric sequence, the
common ratio r can be identified by dividing
any succeeding term by its previous term.
 Geometric Sequence
Observe the pattern of terms in the table below:
Sequence ...
Product of the previous term and the
...
common ratio
Product of the first term and the
...
exponentiation of the common ratio

Since each succeeding term contains a factor of r, then each term can be
expressed as a product of a1 and a power of r. Thus, the nth term, denoted
by an , can be expressed as either an-1r when the common ratio is being
multiplied by the previous term in the sequence or a1rn-1 when the first
term is being multiplied to the common ratio that is being raised to an
exponent.
Geometric Sequence

Formula for the nth Term of a Geometric Sequence

The nth term of a geometric sequence, denoted by an , can
be obtained by the formula
= =
where a1 is the first term and r is the common ratio.
Geometric Sequence
Example:
Find the eighth term in a geometric sequence given
that a1 = 3 and r = 2.

a8 = a1rn-1
= 3(27)
= 3(128)
a8 = 384
Therefore, the 8th term of the given geometric sequence
is 384.
 Geometric Series
If the terms being added belong to geometric sequence, then
it is considered as a geometric series.
Consider the example given a1 = 1, r = 2, and the sum of the
first seven terms of the geometric series is denoted by S7:
 Geometric Series
If the terms being added belong to geometric sequence, then
it is considered as a geometric series.
Consider the example given a1 = 1, r = 2, and the sum of the
first seven terms of the geometric series is denoted by S7:
Geometric Series
Geometric Series
Example:
Average
The Average or Mean of a set of numbers is their
sum divided by how many numbers there are in the
set.
The average of k consecutive integers (or integers
that differ by a constant amount) is equal to the
middle number if k is odd and is equal to the sum of
the first and the last numbers divided by 2 if k is
even.
Average
When given the average of a set of numbers, the
sum of the numbers is given by the average
multiplied by how many numbers there are in the set.