Strain Gauges Datasheet

List of Representatives (The current List of Representatives is also available on the Internet at http://www.hbm.
com/Representatives )
Germany Portugal: HBM Ibrica, S.L. Columbia: B.C.I., Bsculas comerciales e Industriales Ltda.,
Sucursal, Av. Toms Ribeiro, Ed. de Escritrios Kra. 56 B #46-40, Barrio Salitre-Greco, Bogota
Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH: Quinta do Jamor, Gabinete 3, 2795-891 Queijas Tel. (57) 1 3157572, Fax (+57) 1 3156457
Berlin office: Magirusstrae 5, D-12103 Berlin Tel. (+351) 214 182 126, Fax (+351) 214 182 127 e-mail: bci@supercabletv.net.co
Tel. (030) 75 48 95 50, Fax (030) 75 48 95 52 e-mail: info@es.hbm.com Egypt: **SOI Scientific Office for Instruments,
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Parter, Ap.30, RO-013936 Bucuresti, Sector 1
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P.O. Box 262; Sidi Gaber, El Horia Avenue behind 330
Sidi Gaber Alexandria
Tel. (+203) 542 5609, Fax (+203) 546 5412
e-mail: ebtehalf@aast.edu
Strain Gages
Frankfurt office: Im Tiefen See 45,
D-64293 Darmstadt
Tel. (06151) 803-161, Fax (06151) 803-184
e-mail: info@spectromas.ro
Office Cluj-Napoca: Dipl. Eng. Dragos Muntean
Str. Donath 17, Bloc M2, Scara 2, Ap. 14 RO-3400 Cluj-Napoca
Hong Kong: refer to China
India: IPS, Integrated Process Systems, 9 MP Avenue,
Santhome, Chennai-600 004
and Accessories
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Tel. (0711) 901 55 50, Fax (0711) 901 55 88 **Messtechnik Moskau Japan: Spectris Co., Ltd. HBM Division
A/ja (post-Box) 63, RUS-125047 Moskau Saitama Urawa Bld., 8F, 2-2-3 Takasago, Urawa-Ku,
Europe Tel. (+7) 095 787 11 84, Fax (+7) 095 787 11 83 Saitama City, Saitama Pref., 330-0063 Japan
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Austria: Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH, Web: http://www.messtechnik.ru e-mail sales: hbm-sales@spectris.co.jp
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Baltic provinces (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania): ISOmetrija SIA, e-mail: cestus@polenet.ru #431-070, 4Fl., Shinsegi town., Phungchon-dong, Dongan-Ku,
measurement with confidence

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Tel. (+371) 76 14 427, Fax (+371) 76 15 140 Tel. (+386) 4 235 83 10, Fax (+386) 4 235 83 11 Tel. (+82) 31 387 8023, Fax (+82) 31 387 8025
e-mail: isometrija@apollo.lv e-mail: ljudmila.licen@siol.net e-mail: wcjung@hbmkorea.co.kr
Belgium: refer to Netherlands Spain: HBM Ibrica, S. L., Web: http://www.hbmkorea.co.kr
Bulgaria: SIGMAMETRO EOOD, Bistar Potok Str. 30, Avda. de los Encuartes, 19, E-28760 Tres Cantos (Madrid) Malaysia: refer to China
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Czech Republic and Slovakia Republic: Tel. (+46) 87 56 23 33, Fax (+46) 87 56 23 47 Casablanca 05
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Tel. (+45) 87 68 05 00, Fax (+45) 87 68 05 01 Route de Bellevue 11, 1400 Yverdon-les-bains Riding, Randburg, 2194. P. O. Box 265, North Riding 2162
e-mail: sales@noris.dk Tel. (+41) 24 426 72 80, Fax (+41) 24 426 72 85 Tel. (+27) 11 704 2233, Fax (+27) 11 704 5859
Finland: Oy Transmotec Ab, Kutomotie 9C, SF-00380 Helsinki Turkey: Sensor Teknolojileri Ltd. Sti., e-mail: info@rohloff.co.za
Tel. (+358) 98 67 830 0, Fax (+358) 98 67 830 30 Ziyabey Cad.13. Sk. No: 22/1, 06520 Balgat / Ankara Web: http://www.rohloff.co.za
e-mail: info@transmotec.fi Tel. +90 (312) 284 9723, Fax + 90 (312) 284 9213 *Massamatic (Pty) Ltd. Boompies Street, P.O. Box 6007,
Web: http://www.transmotec.fi e-mail: t.batur@sensor-hbm.com Parow East 7501, Western Cape Province
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Greece: Meta Engineering, 54 Agias Marinis Str., Court, 58 Station Road, North Harrow, Middlesex, HA2 7SA New Clock Square, P.O. Box 4439, Homs / Syria
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e-mail: meta@ath.forthnet.gr Yugoslavia and Macedonia: TRCpro, Preradoviceva 31, Taiwan: Liu-Weight Enterprise Inc., General Manager Tony Liu,
Web: http://www.meta-gr.com YU-21131 Petrovaradin 9F-2, No. 240, Sec. 2, Ta-Tung Rd., Hsi-Chi Town,
Hungary: HB Mrnki Iroda, kos Teleki, Szolo u. 27-29, Tel. + Fax (+381) 21-6433774, 6433824, 6431929 Taipei Hsien, Taiwan R.O.C.,
P.O. Box 81, H-2101 Gdll e-mail: trcpro@neobee.net Tel. (+886) 2 2649 7330, Fax (+886) 2 2649 7335
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e-mail: hbmiroda@vnet.hu Rest of the world Thailand: **Dynistec Co Ltd., 32/92 Moo 8, Nuanchan Road,
Iceland: refer to Norway Klongkum, Bungkum, Bangkok 10230
Ireland: refer to United Kingdom Argentina: I.S.P.I.S.A., I.S. Proveedores de Industrias S.A.,
Tel. (+66) 2 9461735 7, Fax (+66) 2 8410039
Italy: HBM Italia s.r.l., Via Pordenone, 8, I-20132 Milano Ameghino 3321 (B1674AGO), Senz Pea, 1674 Buenos Aires
e-mail: intro@ksc.th.com
Tel. (+39) 02 45 47 16 16, Fax (+39) 02 45 47 16 72 Tel. (+54)11 47571839, Fax (+54)11 47571839 ext.39
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e-mail: Sonelect.scopia@gnet.tn
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USA: HBM, Inc., 19 Bartlett Street, Marlborough, MA 01752
Netherlands: HBM Benelux, Laan van Westroijen 2F-G, Tel. (+61) 7 3216 7166, Fax (+61) 7 3216 6211
Tel. +1-800-578-4260 / +1-508-624-4500,
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Fax +1-508-485-7480
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e-mail: info@usa.hbm.com
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Norway: IAF Maaleteknikk AS, So Paulo, SP, 04714-020 Brazil
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Oficina 1-3, Urb. La California Norte, Caracas 1070A
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Tel. (+58) 212 2729756, Fax (+58) 212 2713270
e-mail: post@iaf.no China: Hottinger Baldwin Measurement (Suzhou) Co., Ltd.
e-mail: ventas@icc.com.ve
Poland: Biuro Inzynierskie M. Zajaczkowski 106 Heng Shan Road, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu, PR China
Vietnam: **Thuan Quoc Jsc.,53 Lac TrungHai Ba Trung, Hanoi,
ul. Krauthofera 16, PL 60-203 Poznan Tel. (+86) 512 68247776, Fax (+86) 512 68259343
Tel. (+84) 4 7762744, Fax (+84) 4 7762745
Tel. + Fax (+48) 61 66 25 666 e-mail: hbmchina@hbm.com.cn
e-mail: tqco@hn.vnn.vn
e-mail: info@bimzajac.com.pl Chile: CELESTRON, Eliodoro Yaez 1231, Providencia, Santiago
web: www.bimzajac.com.pl Tel. (+56) 2 2640404, Fax (+56) 2 2641434 *= for Weighing components
e-mail: celestron@celestron.cl **= for Industrial Measurement components
Modifications reserved. Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

All details describe our products in general
form only. They are not to be unterstood as Im Tiefen See 45, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany www.hbm.com
S 1265-1.0 en
express warranty and do not constitute any Tel.: +49 6151-803-0

liability whatsoever. Fax: +49 6151-803-9100
Email: info@hbm.com
Internet: www.hbm.com
List of Representatives (The current List of Representatives is also available on the Internet at http://www.hbm.com/Representatives )
Dresden office: Wrzburger Str.35, D-01187 Dresden Romania: Spectromas Srl P.O. Box 262; Sidi Gaber, El Horia Avenue behind 330
Tel. (0351) 4 70 06 21, Fax (0351) 4 70 06 22 Office Bukarest: Str. Horia Macelariu nr. 18, Bl.20/1A, Sc.C, Sidi Gaber Alexandria
Dsseldorf office: Hauptstrae 13, D-40699 Erkrath Parter, Ap.30, RO-013936 Bucuresti, Sector 1 Tel. (+203) 542 5609, Fax (+203) 546 5412
Tel. (02104) 93 56 01, Fax (02104) 93 56 11 Tel. (+40) 21 2325791, Fax (+40) 21 2325131 e-mail: ebtehalf@aast.edu
Frankfurt office: Im Tiefen See 45, e-mail: info@spectromas.ro Hong Kong: refer to China
D-64293 Darmstadt Office Cluj-Napoca: Dipl. Eng. Dragos Muntean India: IPS, Integrated Process Systems, 9 MP Avenue,
Tel. (06151) 803-161, Fax (06151) 803-184 Str. Donath 17, Bloc M2, Scara 2, Ap. 14 RO-3400 Cluj-Napoca Santhome, Chennai-600 004
Croatia: refer to Slowenia Reprovgen 6, S-183 77 Tby, Morocco: Auterep S.A.R.L.,
e-mail: meta@ath.forthnet.gr Yugoslavia and Macedonia: TRCpro, Preradoviceva 31, Taiwan: Liu-Weight Enterprise Inc., General Manager T
Tel. (+66) 2 9461735 7, Fax (+66) 2 8410039
Tel. (+216) 71 25 66 96, Fax (+216) 71 33 27 06
Tel. +1-800-578-4260 / +1-508-624-4500,
Fax +1-508-485-7480
Tel. (+58) 212 2729756, Fax (+58) 212 2713270
Vietnam: **Thuan Quoc Jsc.,53 Lac TrungHai Ba T
Tel. (+84) 4 7762744, Fax (+84) 4 7762745

form only. They are not to be unterstood as Im Tiefen See 45, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
Email: info@hbm.com
Strain Gages
and Accessories
Contents
Introduction
New 6-7
Strain gages used in: Railway engineering, aerospace industry.... 8-9
How to find the right strain gage (SG) 10-11
Explanations on specifications 12-17
From measured strain to mechanical stress 18-19
Type designation 20-21
Y, V, C, G and K series strain gages

Y series strain gages 22
Specifications 23
with 1 measuring grid / linear strain gages 24-26
with 2 measuring grids / double strain gages 27
with 2 measuring grids / T rosette 28-29
with 2 measuring grids / torsion/shear strain gages 30-31
with 3 measuring grids / rosettes 32-35
with 4 measuring grids / full bridges 36
full bridge / diaphragm rosettes 37
strain gage chains 38-41
Strain gages with connection cable K-LY... / K-XY... / K-RY... 42
Specifications 43
with 1 measuring grid 44
with 2 measuring grids 45
with 3 measuring grids 46
V series strain gages 47
encapsulated strain gages with 3m stranded connection wire / Specifications 48
Special strain gages / encapsulated strain gage with stranded wire 49
C series strain gages 50
Specifications 51
with 1 measuring grid / 2 measuring grids / 3 measuring grids 52-53
G series strain gages 54
Specifications 55
with 1 measuring grid / 2 measuring grids 56-57
4 Strain Gages and Accessories

K series strain gages 58
Specifications 59
with 1 measuring grid / linear strain gages 60-61
with 2 measuring grids / double strain gages; torsion/shear SG / T rosette 62-64
with 4 measuring grids / diaphragm rosette 65
Balancing and compensating elements 66-67
Special strain gages, MTS 3000

Weldable strain gage 68
Strain gages for high strain 69
Crack propagation gages 70-71
Strain gages for determination of residual stress 72-74
MTS 3000 the system, for automatically determining residual stress using SG 75-76
Customized strain gages 77
Strain gage accessories

Strain gage bonding material 78-79
Strain gage covering agents 80-82
Cleaning agents, aids for bonding and soldering 83
Solder terminals 84
Cables and stranded wires 85-87
Bridge completion, resistance meter 88
Installation case 89
HBM software for stress analysis 90-91
HBM amplifiers used in stress analysis 92-93
Literature, teaching pack, seminars, CD ROM 94-95
Strain gage installation service

Service for you from us 96-97
Strain Gages and Accessories 5

. New . New . New . New . New . New . New . New . N
the right connection for everyone

On hand for all major strain gage (SG) configurations used
in experimental stress analysis:
integrated solder tabs

big solder tabs with strain relief
leads (uninsulated, 30 mm long)
Teflon-insulated connection wires
PVC-insulated ribbon cable, alternatively with 2-, 3- or 4-
wire circuit; cable length at the customers choice
competence in residual
stress analysis
Three strain gage connection variants for the hole drilling method:
integrated solder tabs
Teflon-insulated connection wires
PVC ribbon cable
From the simple standard strain gage

through to sophisticated full bridge
strain gages:
HBM provides you with a choice of

standardized and customized strain gages
for the manufacture of measurement
transducers.
Request our catalog at www.hbm.com/dms

New .New . New . New . New . New . New . New . New .
DY4x... XY3x... XY10x...
Double SG with T rosette with T rosette with big

integrated solder integrated solder solder tabs with
tabs tabs strain relief
now also with no effects of cable
1.5 mm grid length forces on the SG
and 350
no effects of the
allows both solder joint on the
increased excitation measurement
voltage and compact properties
dimensions
RY10x... VY4x... RY61...
0/45/90 rosette Full bridge (Poisson 0/45/90

with big solder tabs full bridge) with inte- hole drilling rosette
with strain relief grated solder tabs for the determination
of residual stress
no effects of cable ideally fits the
forces on the SG measurement of big, for easy
uniaxial stress states installation
no effects of the on tensile test
solder joint on the specimens (Poissons compatible to
measurement effect) and the previous HBM hole
properties measurement of drilling rosettes
torsion and shear
optionally available:
with integrated
solder tabs
pre-wired with ribbon
cable (length and
configuration on
request), does not
require any soldering
on the SG

Strain gages used in:
Railway engineering, aerospace industry,
Strain gages in
railway engineering
Experimental
stress analysis on
a railway car
Strain gages in
the manufacture of
transducers
SG installed on a
customized torque
transducer

manufacture of transducers, electrical industry
Strain gages in the

aerospace industry
Strain gages
in the electrical
Experimental
industry
stress analysis
on an aerospace
For monitoring of
component
the loads during the
punching of PCBs
Strain gages in the

manufacture of
transducers
SG bridge with integrated

compensating elements on
a double bending beam

How to find the right strain gage (SG)
Geometry of the SG (depending on the measurement task to be solved) Typical applications:
- measurements on torsion bars
Linear strain gages (e.g. LY11), one measuring grid - determination of shear stresses occurring in shear beams around the
Typical application: neutral fiber
- strain measurement in one direction For more detailed information see 1) and 2)
Double strain gages with two measuring grids (e.g. DY11), Full bridge strain gages (e.g. VY41), 4 measuring grids, offset by 90
arranged in parallel relative to each other
Typical application: Typical applications:
- measurement on bending beams - measurements on tension/compression bars
For more detailed information see 1) and 2) - measurements on torsion bars
- determination of shear stresses occurring in shear beams around the
T rosettes with two measuring grids (e.g. XY11), offset by 90 neutral fiber
relative to each other For more detailed information see 1) and 2)
Typical applications:
- analysis of the biaxial stress state with known principal directions Diaphragm rosettes (e.g. MY11), 4 measuring grids
- measurements on tension/compression bars Typical applications:
For more detailed information see 1) and 2) - manufacture of diaphragm pressure transducers
Rosettes with three measuring grids (e.g. RY81), Strain gage chains (e.g. KY11), 10 or 15 very small measuring grids, arranged
0/45/90 or 0/60/120 arrangement equidistantly on one common carrier, plus one compensating strain gage
Typical application: Typical application:
- analysis of the biaxial stress state with unknown principal stress directions - determination of strain gradients
The three measuring grids are connected each in a so-called quarter bridge HBM also supplies strain gage chains complete with several rosettes and
circuit. The absolute value and the direction of the first and second principal alternating measuring grid directions so that it is even possible to determine
stress are computed as described on page 18. the gradient of a biaxial stress state.
For more detailed information see 2) For more detailed information see 2)
1) Using the Wheatstone Bridge Circuit (free brochure)

V-shaped strain gages (e.g. XY21), 2 measuring grids, arranged at 45 2) An Introduction to Measurements Using Strain Gages (book)
relative to the SG axis
The strain gage measuring grid length is dependent on the aim of measure- Short measuring grids are suitable for
Dehnung
ment because the result of a measurement using strain gages will be the mean detecting a local strain state. Therefore, Maximum
maximale
Strain
value of the strains underneath the measuring grid. In general, measuring grid they are to be recommended for deter- strain
Dehnung
lengths of 3 or 6 mm represent a good solution. mining strain gradients (see strain gage Ausgangssignal
Output signal
chains), as well as for detecting the aktive Mess-
Active measu-
Long measuring grids are recommended where there is an inhomogeneous maximum point of notch stresses and gitterlnge
ring grid length
material such as e.g. concrete or wood. A long strain gage will bridge the inho- similar stresses.
mogeneities of the workpiece and, as a measurement result, will supply the
Lnge
Length
mean strain underneath the measuring grid.
Temperature range
The temperatures given in the Specifications should not be exceeded, neither should the actual temperature fall below the values stated. (see
Explanations on specifications.
Strain gage series

The HBM standard product range comprises 5 different type series for the follo- G strain gages: for the manufacture of transducers, nominal (rated) resistances
wing typical applications: of 120 and 350 available. Measuring grid: constantan; measuring grid
carrier: phenolic resin, glass fiber reinforced.
Y strain gages: universal strain gage for stress analysis and simple transdu-
cers; easy to handle, robust, flexible, many geometries and nominal (rated) resi- K strain gages: for the manufacture of transducers, different creep adjust-
stances available. ments available, also as a stick on version complete with touch-dry adhesive
Measuring grid: constantan; measuring grid carrier: polyimide coating for optimum measurement results. Measuring grid: constantan; measu-
ring grid carrier: phenolic resin, glass fiber reinforced.
C strain gages: for measurements at extreme temperatures; operating tempe-
rature range from -269... up to +250C; temperature response with matching in V strain gages: encapsulated strain gages for experimental stress analysis.
the range of -200... +250C. Measuring grid: constantan; measuring grid carrier: polyimide with a potting
Measuring grid: Cr-Ni alloy; measuring grid carrier: polyimide made of special plastic material and 3 m stranded wire.
Strain gage resistance

HBM strain gages are offered in 120, 350, 700, and 1000 ohm versions. The High-ohm strain gages:
selection of the resistance depends on the constraints of the measurement + less specific heat because of their lower measurement current
task. More resistances on request. + less sensitive to ohmic resistances in the connection lines to the measure-
ment amplifier
120-ohm strain gages: - better antennae for noise pulses.
+ their insensitivity to variations in insulation resistance, such as may be cau-
sed by the effects of humidity.

no manufacture of
transducers?
yes
yes no high-quality
biaxial stress state? transducers, creep adjustment yes
required?
no
principal stress
according to the direction known?
measurement task:
linear SG
no yes
SG with two measu-
ring grids connected
as a half bridge
SG rosette with 3 SG rosette with 2
full bridge SG
measuring grids measuring grids
no lacking space? yes
actual SG size
no determined by test
homogeneous field
objects
of strain?
measure strain yes

gradient?
yes
no
3 or 6 mm grid SG chains
aim of measurement:
length recommended local strain state?
no yes
select measuring grid

length to be 5 times as
large as the inhomo-
geneity of the test object short measuring
(e.g. gravel in concrete) grids
temperatures outside
-70...+200C (absolute)
-200...+200C (relative)
?
yes no
C series V series Y series G series K series

limited temperature
range of -30C...+105C

Explanations on specifications:
Strain gage series
Explanations on
HBMs range of strain gages comprises the Y, C, G, K, V series as well as special
strain gages. Each series of strain gages features different type series. Many specific-
tions are identical for one strain gage series; therefore, in this catalog, the specifica-
tions of a series are given on the pages preceding the list of individual strain gages.
Where the specifications of individual strain gages differ from those stated for the
other strain gages of a series, these strain gages are provided with a relevant note.
The specifications and their tolerances are stated in compliance with OIML directive
IR62.
The specifications
have been determined according to OIML directive IR62. The tolerances are stated
per OIML with double standard deviation. If the specified tolerance values of the gage
factor, transverse sensitivity, temperature coefficient, and temperature response are
halved, the data complies with VDI/VDE directive 2635. Below you will find further
explanations regarding the terms used in the Specifications tables.
Connection configurations
HBM supplies strain gages with different connection configurations. Choose the
configuration that best fits your application and personal preferences - the right
connection for everyone.
Integrated solder tabs, e.g. LY41

allow direct soldering on the strain gage
Big solder tabs with strain relief, e.g. LY61

allow comfortable soldering directly on the strain gage, at the same time providing
nearly full mechanical decoupling of solder tabs and strain gages
Leads: Ni-plated copper leads; uninsulated; 30 mm long, e.g. LY11

no direct soldering on the strain gage
for full mechanical decoupling of cables and strain gage
use of separate solder terminals directly on the strain gage required
Teflon-insulated connection wires (40 mm long), e.g. K-LY41

no soldering on the strain gage
Teflon insulation prevents the cable from sticking during installation
solder terminals near the strain gage are required which are also used for the
bridge connection
PVC-insulated ribbon cable, alternatively with 2-, 3- or 4-wire circuit, e.g. K-LY41
cable length as required (0.5 up to 10 m)
no soldering on the measuring point required at all
Teflon wire on the strain gage prevents the cable from sticking during installation

specifications:
Strain gage dimensions
The specified active measuring grid length a is the net length of the grid without the
end loops (transverse bridges). If the following facts are taken into account, it is possi-
ble to cut the carrier foil: Cutting the foil in parallel to the measuring grid has only
minor effects. Shortening the carrier foil perpendicular to the direction of the measu-
ring grid will influence the way the strain is introduced, thereby also changing essenti-
al characteristics of the strain gage. Therefore we recommend leaving a minimum
distance of 1mm between the measuring grid end and the end of the carrier foil.
a
active measuring grid length Schematic diagram of a strain gage
Strain gage resistance

The electric resistance between the two metal leads, solder tabs or cable ends for con-
necting the measuring cable is called the resistance of a strain gage. (1) Please note
that the nominal resistance for strain gages with connection cables* is specified
without the cable.
The HBM product range comprises strain gages with nominal resistances of 120 ,
350 , 700 , and 1000 . The nominal resistance is stated on each strain gage
package including the resistance tolerance per package. The resistance of each single
strain gage from HBM has been checked.
Gage factor (strain sensitivity)

The strain sensitivity k of a strain gage is the proportionality factor between the
relative change in resistance R/R0 and the strain to be measured: R/R0 = k
The strain sensitivity yields a dimensionless number and is designated as gage
factor. This gage factor is determined for each production batch by measuring and is
specified on each strain gage package as a nominal value complete with tolerance.
The gage factors vary between the production batches by just a few thousandths.
Temperature coefficient of the gage factor

The specified gage factor applies at room temperature. This factor changes as the tem-
perature changes; however, with an excellent approximation, this correlation is linear.
In the case of constantan measuring grids (V, G, K, Y series) the gage factor is propor-
tional to temperature; in the case of chromium/nickel measuring grids (C series)
the gage factor is inversely proportional to temperature. The temperature coefficient
of the gage factor and its tolerance are stated on each strain gage package.
(1) Strain
gages of the V series, LE11
* see page 42 et sqq

Maximum permissible effective bridge excitation voltage
A strain gage can be considered as a little heater, converting electrical energy into
heat. To prevent heating of the strain gage it is essential to choose a supply voltage
that is not excessively high. The maximum permissible bridge excitation voltage has
been computed for each strain gage and is specified in a table in this catalog.
The specified excitation voltage always applies for the Wheatstone bridge as a whole.
Only half the voltage may be applied to the individual strain gage. The maximum
values specified are permissible only for application on materials featuring excellent
heat conduction characteristics (e.g. steel of sufficient thickness). Strain gage measure-
ments on plastic materials, and similar materials with poor heat conduction characteri-
stics, require a reduction of the excitation voltage or switch-on period (impulse opera-
tion). Also with very low temperatures, the decreasing heat capacity of the materials
may require a smaller excitation voltage.
Reference temperature
The reference temperature is the ambient temperature to which the specifications of
the strain gage refer, unless no specific temperature ranges have been stated.
The specifications for the strain gages are based on the reference temperature of 23C.
Transverse sensitivity
The transverse sensitivity is the ratio of the sensitivity of a strain gage transverse to
the measuring grid direction to its sensitivity in the measuring grid direction. The
transverse sensitivity is stated on each strain gage package.
Schematic diagram of the transverse sensitivity of a

measuring grid

Operating temperature range
The operating temperature range is the ambient temperature range where strain gages
can be used without any permanent changes in their measuring characteristics occur-
ring. Depending on whether absolute (with zero point reference) or relative (without zero
point reference) measurements are to be carried out, there are different operating tem-
perature ranges.
Temperature response in a 1/4-bridge circuit

Strain gages that are connected individually show an output signal, if the temperature
changes. This signal is called apparent strain or thermal output and is independent
of the mechanical load on the test object.
However, it is possible to adjust a strain gage to the thermal expansion coefficient of a

specific material such that the output signal in case of a temperature change is very
small. These strain gages are called strain gages with matched temperature response
or self-compensated strain gages. All HBM strain gages, with the exception of the
LD20 high-strain gage, are self-compensated.
To benefit from their matching to the temperature response, strain gages must be
selected according to the thermal expansion coefficient of the test object. Therefore,
HBM offers strain gages for different materials. The code number for the temperature
response matching is included in the type name of the strain gage.
1 for ferritic steel with =10.8 10-6/K

3 for aluminum with = 23 10-6/K
5 for austenitic steel with = 16 10-6/K
6 for quartz with = 0.5 10-6/K
7 for titanium/gray cast iron with = 9 10-6/K
8 for plastic material with = 65 10-6/K
9 for molybdenum with = 5.4 10-6/K
Thus, for example, the types LY 21 or RY 31 (code number 1) have been matched to ferri-
tic steel with = 10.8 10-6/K). The material to which the respective strain gage has
been adjusted is specified on the package. The remaining temperature variation is printed
on the package in the form of a diagram and a polynomial.
The effects of strain gages using connection leads are also taken into account thus enab-
ling the apparent strain to be compensated by wiring or mathematically.

The temperature response involves a tolerance and only applies in the temperature
range of the temperature response matching. This temperature range is specified in
the Specifications of the individual series in this catalog.
Another possibility of compensating the apparent strain is to use appropriate wiring
(e.g. circuit with compensating strain gage, half bridge circuit, etc.).
Creep adjustment
Spring element materials react with a spontaneous positive or negative strain when
subjected to a sudden load. In the event of a constant load being applied, the material
will continue to strain slowly in load direction, i.e. the material will creep.
As transducers are loaded within the strictly elastic range only, the process described
here is reversible. It is called elastic after-effect. The elastic after-effect causes a time-
dependent fault with a positive sign (in the direction of the deformation by the measu-
ring quantity).
If a strain gage is subjected to a static load, it will show a slow change in resistance
over time - in spite of the component strain being constant. This change in the measu-
ring signal of an extended (or shortened) strain gage occurs in the direction of strain
relief. This creep can be explained as follows: the extended measuring grid acts similar
to a tensioned spring which generates shear stresses between measuring grid and car-
rier (mainly in the area of the measuring grid end loops).
Due to the influence of these stresses, the plastic materials of the strain gage and the
adhesive relax. It is possible to influence such strain gage creep directly by modifying
the end loops.
De facto therefore, the elastic after-effect of the spring element material will lead to a
positive fault while the strain gage creep generates a negative fault. In an ideal case,
both faults will compensate each other. In order to approximate this ideal case as clo-
sely as possible, it is necessary to determine the most suitable strain gage by experi-
ment. It is for this reason, that the K strain gage series provides three different creep
adjustments for each strain gage type.
Mechanical hysteresis
The mechanical hysteresis of a strain gage is defined as the difference of the measured
value displayed for increasing and decreasing strain loadings with the same strain
value on the specimen. Hysteresis is not only dependent on the strain gage but to a
major extent it is also dependent on application parameters such as type and layer
thickness of the adhesive etc. For this reason, the specifications include hysteresis
values for different installation parameters.
Maximum elongation
The maximum elongation is typically 5% or 50,000 micro-strain. Above this value the
measured strain can not be relied upon. This is often the case if the installation or the
strain gage has been damaged.

Minimum radius of curvature
The flexibility of a strain gage is characterized by the minimum radius of curvature
which it will withstand, without any auxiliary measures, in each direction respectively.
The polyimide carriers of series Y and C strain gages are flexible to an extent that they
can be bonded around edges. Although the carrier materials of the other strain gage
series are more brittle, they can also be easily prepared for application to smaller radii
by thermal pre-forming. Exception: V series strain gages have a bigger radius of curva-
ture because of their specific potting.
Fatigue life
If a strain gage is subjected to an alternating strain which can be superimposed over
a static mean strain, an increase in the number of load cycles may create changes
with regard to the zero point. The fatigue life is dependent upon the number of strain
cycles and their amplitude and is independent of applied strain duration.
remaining
zero point error
(in m/m)
alternating strain w (in mm/m)
10
30
100
300
failure
Example diagram of the fatigue

number of load cycles n
life of strain gages
Alternative bonding materials

For each strain gage series, the relevant bonding materials are specified. With regard
to bonding technique, the HBM range of accessories distinguishes among cold and hot
curing adhesives as well as spot welding methods. One of the most important selection
criteria is the application temperature range of the individual bonding materials.

From measured strain to
Analysis of the biaxial stress state with unknown
principal directions
The principle of experimental stress analysis using strain gages consists in using strain
gages to measure strains on the component surface. From these measured strains and
the known material properties such as modulus of elasticity and Poissons ratio, the
absolute value and the direction of these mechanical stresses are determined. These
calculations are based on Hookes Law which applies to the elastic deformation range
of linear-elastic materials.
In experimental stress analysis, so-called 3-grid rosettes are used for strain measure-
ment. These are available in 0/45/90 and 0/60/90 versions which have a historical
background. It is up to the user to choose which version to use.
The 3 measuring grids of the rosettes are designated with the letters a, b and c.
Therefore, a 3-grid rosette measures the three strains a, b and c.
The principal normal stresses 1 and 2 for the 0/45/90 rosette are calculated as
follows:
0/45/90 rosette,
e.g. RY3x
and for the 0/60/120 rosette:
0/60/120 rosette,
e.g. RY7x

mechanical stress
Below, the principal directions are determined. First the tangent of an auxiliary angle
is calculated.
For the 0/45/90 rosette according to the formula:
N
D
and for the 0/60/90 rosette according to the formula:
N
D
Note: The tangent of an angle in the right-angled triangle is the ratio of the opposite
side (numerator N) to the adjacent side (denominator D):
opposite side N
adjacent side D
This ambiguity of the tangent makes it necessary to determine the signs of the nume-
rator (N) and the denominator (D) before carrying out the final calculation of the two
above mentioned quotients. Determining the signs is important because they alone
indicate the quadrant of the circular arc in which the angle is located.
From the numerical value of the tangent the size of the angle should then be found:
Then the angle should be determined using the below scheme:
N
D
N
D
N
D
N
D
The angle , found in this manner, should be applied from the axis of the reference
measuring grid a in the mathematically positive direction (counterclockwise). The axis
of measuring grid a forms one side of the angle , the second side gives prinicipal
direction 1.
This is the direction of the principal normal stress 1 which is identical to the direction
of the principal strain 1. The point of the angle is located at the intersection of the
axes of the measuring grids. The principal direction 2 (direction of the principal normal
stress 2) has the angle +90.

Type designation
1- L Y 1 1 - 3 / 120 A
Type designation
Options1): A = application aid
V = four wire connection
Z = two wire connection
Measuring grid resistance in ohms
Measuring grid length in mm

- for RY1x, RY3x, RY4x, RY7x: diameter of circle which
encloses the measuring grids
- for strain gage chains, distance of measuring grid centers relative to each other (pitch)
Material to which the strain gages 1 for ferritic steel with =10.8 10-6/K
temperature response has been 3 for aluminum with =23 10-6/K
matched: 5 for austenitic steel with =16 10-6/K
If there is the placeholder x in this 6 for quartz with = 0.5 10-6/K
position, please replace it by the code 7 for titanium/gray cast iron with =9 10-6/K
number of the temperature response 8 for plastic material with =65 10-6/K
matching of your choice. 9 for molybdenum with =5.4 10-6/K
Layout of grids, type and position of the connections
SG series: C series = carrier and cover: polyimide / measuring grid foil:

chromium/nickel alloy
Y series = carrier and cover: polyimide / measuring grid foil: constantan
G series = carrier and cover: glass-fiber reinforced phenolic resin /
measuring grid foil: constantan
K series = carrier and cover: glass-fiber reinforced phenolic resin /
measuring grid foil: constantan; additionally, different
creep adjustments are available ex stock
V series = carrier: polyimide/measuring grid foil: constantan,
moulded with special plastic material, 3 m stranded wire
Number of measuring grids and their relative position to each other

L = one measuring grid, linear strain gage
D = two measuring grids, measuring grid direction: parallel
X = two measuring grids, measuring grid direction, T-or X-shaped, offset by 90
R = three measuring grids, rosettes
V = 4 measuring grids, full bridge strain gages
M = full bridge strain gages as diaphragm rosette
K = strain gage chains for determining strain gradients
Standard or configurable
1 = standard
K = with freely configurable connection cables
1) available for selected strain gages only

An even greater range of types - Easy to order
This catalog offers a wide choice of strain gages. In addition to our wide range of pre-
ferential strain gages (available ex stock), we provide you with a comprehensive choice
of variants.
This is how easily you can order our strain gages

In our price list, strain gage types that can be supplied ex stock are printed on a shaded
background. Strain gage variants are not printed on a shaded background; and they are
not always available ex stock.
We will be pleased to provide information on current availability if requested. The mini-
mum order quantity for these strain gages is 3 packages.
What does the x in the type designation of the strain gages in

the Variants column stand for?
Instead of the x in the strain gage

Stock types Variants No- Dimensions (mm) Max. perm. Solder type designation in the Others column,
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals
resis- bridge
please enter the code number for the
tance excitation appropriate temperature response
voltage
matching.
Measuring Measuring grid
grid carrier
Steel Aluminum Others a b c d V

Example:
You wish matching of the type 1-LY1x-
10/120 to plastic material. Then enter
1-LY11-0,6/120 1-LY13-0,6/120 120 0,6 1 5 3,2 1,5 LS 7 an 8 instead of the placeholder x
1-LY11-1,5/120 1-LY13-1,5/120 1-LY1x-1,5/120 120 1,5 1,2 6,5 4,7 2,5 LS 7 when ordering; the exact order designa-
1-LY11-3/120 1-LY13-3/120 1-LY1x-3/120 120 3 1,4 8,5 4,5 4 LS 7 tion will then be 1-LY18-10/120.
1-LY11-3/120A 1-LY1x-3/120A 120 3 1,4 8,5 4,5 4 LS 7
1-LY11-6/120 1-LY13-6/120 1-LY1x-6/120 120 6 2,8 13 6 8 LS 5 The preferential strain gages are adjusted
1-LY11-6/120A 1-LY1x-6/120A 120 6 2,8 13 6 8 LS 5 for steel or aluminum.
1-LY11-10/120 1-LY13-10/120 1-LY1x-10/120 120 10 4,9 18,5 9,5 13 LS 5
1-LY11-10/120A 1-LY1x-10/120A 120 10 4,9 18,5 9,5 13 LS 5 Please note the exceptions in the case of
1-LY11-1,5/350 1-LY13-1,5/350 350 1,5 1,2 5,7 4,7 4,5 LS 212 types marked by # .
1-LY11-3/350 1-LY13-3/350 1-LY1x-3/350 350 3 1,5 8,5 4,5 7 LS 7
1-LY1x-3/350A 350 3 1,5 8,5 4,5 7 LS 7 To ease your order procedure please use
1-LY11-6/350 1-LY13-6/350 1-LY1x-6/350 350 6 2,9 13 6 14 LS 5 also our CD-ROM DMSdirekt/SGdirect.
1-LY11-6/350A 1-LY1x-6/350A 350 6 2,9 13 6 14 LS 5 Order your CD-ROM free of charge right
1-LY11-10/350 1-LY1x-10/350 350 10 5 18,5 9,5 23 LS 5 now. Visit www.hbm.com for more
1-LY11-10/350A 1-LY1x-10/350A 350 10 5 18,5 9,5 23 LS 5 details.
(1) Strain gages that can be supplied ex stock are printed on a shaded background.

Y series strain gages

Universal strain gage
Excellent measuring characteristics
Different connection configurations
Flexible, therefore easy to handle
Wide range of geometries available ex stock
Wide range of geometries available with different
nominal resistance values (120, 350, 700, 1000 )
Pipe specimen made of

carbon-fiber reinforced
plastic in a torsion
fracture test

Specifications
strain gage construction foil SG complete with embedded measuring grid
measuring grid
material Constantan foil
thickness m 3.8 or 5, depending on strain gage type
carrier
material m polyimide
thickness 45 10
cover
material polyimide
thickness m 25 5
connections nickel plated Cu leads, approx. 30mm in length.
for strain gages without leads integrated solder tabs, approx. 1.5mm in length,
approx. 1.6 ... 2.2mm wide
nominal resistance 120, 350, 700, or 1000, depending on SG type

resistance tolerance % 0.3 without; 0.35 with leads)
gage factor approx. 2
nominal value of the gage factor specified on each package
gage factor tolerance for 0.6mm and 1.5mm measuring grid length % 1.5
for 3 mm measuring grid length % 1
temperature coefficient of the gage factor 1/K approx. (115 10) 10-6
nominal value of the temperature coefficient of the gage factor specified on each package
reference temperature C 23
operating temperature range
for absolute, i.e. zero point related measurements C -70 + 200
for relative, i.e. not zero point related measurements C -200 + 200
transverse sensitivity specified on each package

within reference temperature range using adhesive Z 70 % - 0.1
on strain gage type LY 11-6/120
temperature response specified on each package

temperature response at customers choice matched to the thermal expansion coefficient
for ferritic steel 1/K 10.8 10-6
for aluminum 1/K 23 10-6
for plastic material 1/K 65 10-6
for austenitic steel 1/K 16 10-6
for titanium/ gray steel 1/K 9 10-6
for molybdenum 1/K 5.4 10-6
for quartz 1/K 0.5 10-6
tolerance of the temperature response 1/K 0.3 10-6
temperature response with matching in the range of3) C -10... + 120
mechanical hysteresis1)
at reference temperature and strain = 1,000 m/m
at 1st load cycle and adhesive Z 70 m/m 1
at 3rd load cycle and adhesive Z 70 m/m 0.5
at 1st load cycle and adhesive X 60 m/m 2.5
at 3rd load cycle and adhesive X 60 m/m 1
at 1st load cycle and adhesive EP 250 m/m 1
at 3rd load cycle and adhesive EP 250 m/m 1
maximum elongation1)
at reference temperature using adhesive Z 70
absolute strain value for positive direction m/m 50,000 ( 5 %)
>
absolute strain value for negative direction m/m 50,000 ( 5 %)

>
fatigue life1)
at reference temperature using adhesive X 60
number of load cycles Lw at
alternating strain w = 1,000 m/m and zero point drift m 300 m/m >> 107 (test was interrupted at 107)
m 30 m/m > 107 (test was interrupted at 107)
minimum radius of curvature, longitudinal and transverse, at reference temperature

for strain gages with leads mm 0.3
for strain gages with integrated solder tabs
within the measuring grid area mm 0.3
within the area of the solder tabs mm 2
bonding material that can be used
cold curing adhesives Z 70; X 60; X 280
hot curing adhesives EP 250; EPS 310S
1) The data depend on the various parameters of the specific application and are therefore stated for representative examples only.
2) With measuring grid lengths of 0.6 mm, the nominal resistance may deviate by 1%. For the types LY 51/ LY5x the deviation is 0.75%. For XY9x, RY9x and the KY types (per chain) it is 0.5%.
3) Matching to plastic (code numer 8) is only possible in the temperature range of -10+50C.

SG / Y series with 1 measuring grid / linear strain gages
LY11
Stock types Variants No- Dimensions (mm) Max. perm. Solder
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Linear strain gage
Temperature response matched to steel
resis- bridge
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
LY13
grid carrier Temperature response matched to aluminum
with = 23 10-6/K
LY1x
Temperature response matching at customers choice,
1-LY11-0.6/120 1-LY13-0.6/120 1-LY1x-0.6/120# 120 0.6 1 5 3.2 1.5 LS 7 see page 20
1-LY11-1.5/120 1-LY13-1.5/120 1-LY1x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.2 6.5 4.7 2.5 LS 7
1-LY11-3/120 1-LY13-3/120 1-LY1x-3/120 120 3 1.4 8.5 4.5 4 LS 7
Illustrations show actual size
1-LY11-3/120A 1-LY1x-3/120A 120 3 1.4 8.5 4.5 4 LS 7 (Grid length in mm )
1-LY11-6/120 1-LY13-6/120 1-LY1x-6/120 120 6 2.8 13 6 8 LS 5
1-LY11-6/120A 1-LY1x-6/120A 120 6 2.8 13 6 8 LS 5
1-LY11-10/120 1-LY13-10/120 1-LY1x-10/120 120 10 4.9 18.5 9.5 13 LS 5
1-LY11-10/120A 1-LY1x-10/120A 120 10 4.9 18.5 9.5 13 LS 5
1-LY11-1,5/350 1-LY13-1,5/350 1-LY1x-1,5/350# 350 1.5 1.2 5.7 4.7 4.5 LS 7
1-LY11-3/350 1-LY13-3/350 1-LY1x-3/350 350 3 1.5 8.5 4.5 7 LS 7
1-LY1x-3/350A 350 3 1.5 8.5 4.5 7 LS 7 0.6 1.5 3 6 10
1-LY11-6/350 1-LY13-6/350 1-LY1x-6/350 350 6 2.9 13 6 14 LS 5
1-LY11-6/350A 1-LY1x-6/350A 350 6 2.9 13 6 14 LS 5
Contents per package: 10 pcs.
1-LY11-10/350 1-LY1x-10/350 350 10 5 18.5 9.5 23 LS 5
1-LY11-10/350A 1-LY1x-10/350A 350 10 5 18.5 9.5 23 LS 5
LY21
Linear strain gage
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals
resis- bridge with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
LY2x
grid carrier
see page 20

(Grid length in mm )
1-LY21-0.6/120 1-LY2x-0.6/120# 120 0.6 0.6 3.5 6.4 1 LS 7
1-LY21-1.5/120 1-LY2x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.4 4.7 8.3 2 LS 5
1-LY21-3/120 1-LY2x-3/120 120 3 2.8 7.5 10 6 LS 5
0.6
1-LY2x-6/120 120 6 5.7 11 16 12 LS 4
1.5
3 6
Types marked # are only available with matching to aluminum, ferritic or austenitic steel

LY41
Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K
resis- bridge (1)
tance excitation
voltage LY43
Temperature response matched to aluminum
Measuring Measuring grid with = 23 10-6/K
grid carrier
LY4x
Steel Aluminum Others a b c d V Temperature response matching at customers choice,
see page 20
1-LY41-0.6/120 1-LY4x-0.6/120# 120 0.6 1.2 6 4 1.5 LS 5

1-LY41-1.5/120 1-LY4x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.2 7 5 2.5 LS 5
1-LY41-3/120 1-LY43-3/120 1-LY4x-3/120 120 3 1.1 8 5 3.5 LS 5
1-LY4x-3/120A 120 3 1.1 8 5 3.5 LS 5
1-LY41-6/120 1-LY43-6/120 1-LY4x-6/120 120 6 2.3 13.9 5.9 8 LS 5
1-LY41-6/120A 1-LY4x-6/120A 120 6 2.3 13.9 5.9 8 LS 5 0.6 1.5 3 6
1-LY41-10/120 1-LY4x-10/120 120 10 5 18 8 14 LS 5
1-LY4x-10/120A 120 10 5 18 8 14 LS 5
1-LY41-20/120 1-LY4x-20/120 120 20 0.7 31.8 8.2 6.5 LS 5
1-LY41-50/120 1-LY4x-50/120 120 50 0.9 63.6 8.2 12 LS 5 Illustrations show actual size
1-LY41-100/120 1-LY4x-100/120 120 100 1 114.8 8.2 19 LS 5 (Grid length in mm )
1-LY41-150/120 1-LY4x-150/120 120 150 1.3 165.6 8.2 25 LS 5
1-LY41-1.5/350 1-LY4x-1.5/350# 350 1.5 2.3 9.2 5.9 6.5 LS 5
1-LY41-3/350 1-LY43-3/350 1-LY4x-3/350 350 3 2.5 10.9 5.9 9 LS 5
1-LY41-3/350A 1-LY4x-3/350A 350 3 2.5 10.9 5.9 9 LS 5
1-LY41-6/350 1-LY43-6/350 1-LY4x-6/350 350 6 2.7 13.9 5.9 15 LS 5
1-LY41-6/350A 1-LY4x-6/350A 350 6 2.7 13.9 5.9 15 LS 5
1-LY41-10/350 1-LY4x-10/350 350 10 5 18 8 24 LS 5
1-LY4x-10/350A 350 10 5 18 8 24 LS 5
1-LY41-3/700 1-LY43-3/700 1-LY4x-3/700 700 3 2.7 10.9 5.9 13 LS 5
1-LY41-6/700 1-LY4x-6/700 700 6 4.1 13.9 5.9 23 LS 5
1-LY41-10/700 1-LY4x-10/700 700 10 5 18 8 33 LS 5
1-LY4x-3/1000# 1000 3 2.7 10.9 5.9 16 LS 5
1-LY41-6/1000 1-LY4x-6/1000# 1000 6 4.3 13.9 5.9 27 LS 5
1-LY4x-10/1000# 1000 10 5 18 8 40 LS 5
(1) Solder terminals are not compulsory

10 20 50 100 150

LY51
resis- bridge Temperature response matched to steel
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
LY5x
grid carrier Temperature response matching at customers choice,
see page 20

(Grid length in mm)
1-LY51-3/120 1-LY5x-3/120 120 3 0.3 9 4.7 2 LS 7
1-LY5x-6/120 120 6 0.4 13 4.7 3 LS 7
3 6
LY61
tance excitation with = 10.8 10-6/K
voltage

LY63
with = 23 10-6/K
LY6x
1-LY61-1.5/120 1-LY6x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.0 7.8 4.7 2.5 - see page 20
1-LY61-3/120 1-LY6x-3/120 120 3 1.4 9.8 4.7 4 -

1-LY6x-3/120A 120 3 1.4 9.8 4.7 4 - Illustrations show actual size
1-LY61-6/120 1-LY63-6/120 1-LY6x-6/120 120 6 2.5 16 6.3 8 - (Grid length in mm )
1-LY6x-6/120A 120 6 2.5 16 6.3 8 -
1-LY61-10/120 1-LY6x-10/120 120 10 4.3 23.5 9.3 13 -
1-LY61-3/350 1-LY6x-3/350 350 3 1.7 9.8 4.7 7 -
1-LY6x-3/350A 350 3 1.7 9.8 4.7 7 -
1-LY61-6/350 1-LY63-6/350 1-LY6x-6/350 350 6 2.6 16 6.3 13 -
1-LY61-6/350A 1-LY6x-6/350A 350 6 2.6 16 6.3 13 -
1-LY61-10/350 1-LY6x-10/350 350 10 4.3 23.5 9.3 22 -
1.5 3 6 10

SG / Y series with 2 measuring grids / double strain gages
DY11
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Double strain gage
voltage

DY13
with = 23 10-6/K
DY1x
1-DY11-3/350 1-DY13-3/350 1-DY1x-3/350 350 3 2.7 9 8 9 LS 7 see page 20
1-DY11-6/350 1-DY13-6/350 1-DY1x-6/350 350 6 3.2 12.5 9.4 14 LS 7

(Grid length in mm)
3 6
Contents per package: 5 pcs
DY41
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Double strain gage
resis- bridge (1) Temperature response matched to steel
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
DY43
with = 23 10-6/K
DY4x
1-DY41-3/350 1-DY43-3/350 1-DY4x-3/350 350 3 2.5 8.2 8 8.5 LS 7 see page 20
1-DY41-6/350 1-DY4x-6/350 350 6 2.8 10.7 9 13 LS 7

(Grid length in mm)
d
b
a
c
3 6
(1) Solder terminals are not compulsory Contents per package: 5 pcs

SG / Y series with 2 measuring grids / T rosette
XY11
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals 0/90 T rosette
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
XY13
with = 23 10-6/K
XY1x
1-XY11-0.6/120 1-XY1x-0.6/120# 120 0.6 1 6 4 1.5 LS 7 see page 20
1-XY11-1.5/120 1-XY13-1.5/120 1-XY1x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.5 9 5 3 LS 5

1-XY11-3/120 1-XY13-3/120 1-XY1x-3/120 120 3 3 14.5 7.5 6 LS 4
(Grid length in mm)
1-XY11-6/120 1-XY1x-6/120 120 6 6 23.5 11 12 LS 5
1-XY11-1.5/350 1-XY13-1.5/350 1-XY1x-1.5/350# 350 1.5 1.5 9 5 5 LS 5
1-XY11-3/350 1-XY13-3/350 1-XY1x-3/350 350 3 3 14.4 7.3 10 LS 4
1-XY11-6/350 1-XY13-6/350 1-XY1x-6/350 350 6 6 23.3 10.5 20 LS 4
0.6
1.5 3 6
XY31
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
XY33
with = 23 10-6/K
XY3x
1-XY31-0.6/120 1-XY3x-0.6/120# 120 0.6 1 7 6 1.5 LS7 see page 20
1-XY31-1.5/120 1-XY33-1.5/120 1-XY3x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.5 8 6.3 3 LS7

1-XY31-3/120 1-XY3x-3/120 120 3 2.8 10.5 8 5.5 LS7 Illustrations show actual size
1-XY31-6/120 1-XY3x-6/120 120 6 5.8 17.5 12 11 LS4 (Grid length in mm)
1-XY31-1.5/350 1-XY33-1.5/350 1-XY3x-1.5/350# 350 1.5 1.2 7.7 6.3 5 LS7
1-XY31-3/350 1-XY33-3/350 1-XY3x-3/350 350 3 2.9 10.9 7.6 10 LS5
1-XY31-6/350 1-XY33-6/350 1-XY3x-6/350 350 6 5.7 18 12 20 LS4
0.6
1.5 3 6


SG / Y series with 2 measuring grids / T rosette
XY91
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals 0/90 stacked T rosette
resis- bridge
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
XY93
with = 23 10-6/K
Steel Aluminum Others a b1 b2 c d V
XY9x
1-XY91-1.5/120 1-XY93-1.5/120 1-XY9x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.2 1.2 4.7 5.2 2 LS 5 see page 20
1-XY91-3/120 1-XY93-3/120 1-XY9x-3/120 120 3 1.4 1.3 6.2 7.9 3.5 LS 5

1-XY91-6/120 1-XY93-6/120 1-XY9x-6/120 120 6 1.9 2.2 10 9.6 5.5 LS 4 Illustrations show actual size
1-XY91-10/120 1-XY9x-10/120 120 10 3.2 3.8 15.2 14.0 9 LS 212 (Grid length in mm)
1,5
3 6 10


SG / Y series with 2 measuring grids / torsion / shear strain gages
XY101
resis- bridge (1)
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
XY103
with = 23 10-6/K
XY10x
1-XY101-1.5/120 1-XY10x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.4 8 8.3 1.5 LS7 see page 20
1-XY101-3/120 1-XY103-3/120 1-XY10x-3/120 120 3 2.8 10.6 9.8 3 LS5

1-XY10x-6/120 120 6 5.5 18 16.5 5.5 LS4 Illustrations show actual size
1-XY101-3/350 1-XY103-3/350 1-XY10x-3/350 350 3 2.9 10.6 8 11 LS5 (Grid length in mm)
1-XY10x-6/350 350 6 5.9 18 16.5 10 LS4 d
b
a
c
1.5 3
XY21
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Shear/torsion half bridge
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
XY23
with = 23 10-6/K
XY2x
1-XY21-0.6/120 1-XY2x-0.6/120# 120 0.6 2 1.1 7.5 4 2.5 LS 7 see page 20
1-XY21-1.5/120 1-XY2x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.7 2.5 6.8 4.5 4.5 LS 7

1-XY21-3/120 1-XY2x-3/120 120 3 4.3 5.3 11.2 9.5 6 LS 5 Illustrations show actual size
1-XY21-6/120 1-XY2x-6/120 120 6 8.0 10 17.5 12.7 11 LS 4 (Grid length in mm)
1-XY21-1.5/350 1-XY2x-1.5/350# 350 1.5 2.1 2.5 7.4 4.5 5 LS 7
1-XY21-3/350 1-XY23-3/350 1-XY2x-3/350 350 3 4.0 5.3 11.2 9.5 10 LS 4
1-XY21-6/350 1-XY23-6/350 1-XY2x-6/350 350 6 7.8 10 17.5 12.7 19 LS 4
1-XY2x-3/700# 700 3 4.0 5.3 11.2 9.5 14 LS 5 0.6 1.5
1-XY2x-6/700 700 6 7.8 10 17.5 12.7 27 LS 4
3 6
(1) Solder terminals are not compulsory Contents per package: 5 pcs.

SG / Y series with 2 measuring grids / torsion / shear strain gages
XY41
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Shear/torsion half bridge
voltage

XY43
with = 23 10-6/K
XY4x
1-XY41-0.6/120 1-XY4x-0.6/120# 120 0.6 2.1 1.6 6.5 4.6 1.5 LS 7 see page 20
1-XY41-1.5/120 1-XY43-1.5/120 1-XY4x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.7 3.1 7.5 4.6 2.5 LS 7
1-XY41-3/120 1-XY4x-3/120 120 3 3 5.4 11 8 5 LS 7
1-XY41-6/120 1-XY4x-6/120 120 6 6 10.2 16 12.2 9.5 LS 4 (Grid length in mm)
1-XY4x-1.5/350 350 1.5 1.5 1.95 3 7.5 4 LS7
1-XY41-3/350 1-XY43-3/350 1-XY4x-3/350 350 3 4.1 5.6 11 8 9.5 LS 7
1-XY41-6/350 1-XY4x-6/350 350 6 6 10 16 12.2 16 LS 4
1-XY41-3/700 1-XY4x-3/700# 700 3 4.1 5.6 11 8 13.5 LS 7
0.6
1-XY4x-6/700 700 6 6 10 16 12.2 23 LS 4
1.5 3 6


SG / Y series with 3 measuring grids / rosettes
RY11
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals 0/45/90 rosette
resis- bridge
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
RY13
with = 23 10-6/K
Steel Aluminum Others a1 a2 b c d V
RY1x
1-RY11-3/120 1-RY13-3/120 1-RY1x-3/120# 120 0.8 3 0.8 7 7 1.5 LS 7 see page 20
1-RY11-6/120 1-RY13-6/120 1-RY1x-6/120 120 2 6 1.3 11 11 3 LS 5

1-RY11-10/120 1-RY1x-10/120 120 2.9 10 2.6 15.4 15.4 5 LS 4 (Dimension a2 in mm)
3 6
a2
a1
d
10
RY31
resis- bridge (1)
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
RY33
grid carrier
Steel Aluminum Others a1 a2 b d V

RY3x
see page 20
1-RY31-3/120 1-RY3x-3/120# 120 0,8 3 0.8 7 1.5 LS 7 Illustrations show actual size
1-RY31-6/120 1-RY33-6/120 1-RY3x-6/120 120 2 6 1.3 11 3 LS 5 (Dimension a2 in mm)
1-RY31-10/120 1-RY3x-10/120 120 2.9 10 2.6 15.4 5 LS 4
3 6
b d
a2
a1
10
Types marked # are only available with matching to aluminum, ferritic or austenitic steel Contents per package: 5 pcs.

RY41
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
RY4x
see page 20
(Dimension a2 in mm)
1-RY4x-3/120# 120 0.8 3 0.8 7 7 1.5 LS 7

1-RY41-6/120 1-RY4x-6/120 120 2 6 1.3 11 11 3 LS 5
1-RY41-10/120 1-RY4x-10/120 120 2.9 10 2.6 15.4 15.4 5 LS 4
3 6
c
b
d
a1
a2
10
RY7x
resis- bridge (1) Temperature response matching at customers choice,
see page 20
tance excitation
voltage
(Dimension a2 in mm)
grid carrier
Steel Aluminum Others a1 a2 b d V
3 6
1-RY7x-3/120# 120 0.8 3 0.8 7 1.5 LS 7
1-RY7x-6/120 120 2 6 1.3 11 3 LS 5
1-RY7x-10/120 120 2.9 10 2.6 15.4 5 LS 4 b
d
a1
a2
10


RY81
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals 0/45/90 rectangular rosette
voltage
RY83
grid carrier
Steel Aluminum Others a b c d V RY8x

see page 20
1-RY8x-0.6/120# 120 0.6 1.2 4.8 8.7 1.6 LS 7

1-RY81-1.5/120 1-RY8x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.2 8.2 14.6 2.5 LS 7
(Grid length in mm)
1-RY81-3/120 1-RY83-3/120 1-RY8x-3/120 120 3 0.9 9.7 14.6 3 LS 7
1-RY81-6/120 1-RY8x-6/120 120 6 2.6 13.2 22.9 7.5 LS 7
1-RY8x-1.5/350# 350 1.5 1.6 8.2 14.6 5 LS 7
1-RY8x-3/350 350 3 0.9 9.7 14.6 5.5 LS 7 0.6
1.5
1-RY81-6/350 1-RY8x-6/350 350 6 2.6 13.1 22.9 13 LS 5
3 6
RY91
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals 0/45/90 rosette, stacked measuring grids
resis- bridge
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
RY93
Measuring Measuring grid witht = 23 10-6/K
grid carrier

RY9x
see page 20
1-RY91-1,5/120 1-RY9x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.25 9 8 1.5 LS 7 Illustrations show actual size
1-RY91-3/120 1-RY93-3/120 1-RY9x-3/120 120 3 1.25 9 9 2 LS 7 (Grid length in mm)
1-RY91-6/120 1-RY93-6/120 1-RY9x-6/120 120 6 2.5 12.5 11 4.5 LS 7
1-RY91-10/120 1-RY9x-10/120 120 10 4 18.5 16 7 LS 7
1.5
3
6 10

RY101
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals 0/45/90 rectangular rosette
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
RY103
grid carrier

RY10x
see page 20
1-RY101-1.5/120 1-RY10x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.2 8.2 13.5 2.5 LS 7

1-RY101-3/120 1-RY103-3/120 1-RY10x-3/120 120 3 0.9 9.7 13.5 3 LS 7 (Grid length in mm)
1-RY10x-6/120 120 6 2.8 16.4 22.9 7.5 LS 4
1-RY101-3/350 1-RY103-3/350 1-RY10x-3/350 350 3 1 9.7 13.5 5.5 LS 7
1-RY10x-6/350 350 6 2.4 16.4 22.9 12 LS4
1.5
d
b
a
c

SG / Y series with 4 measuring grids / full bridges
VY11
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals 0/90 T full bridge
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
VY1x
see page 20
(Grid length in mm)
1-VY11-3/120 1-VY1x-3/120 120 3 7 13.5 13.5 6 LS 5/7

1-VY11-6/120 1-VY1x-6/120 120 6 14 23 23 12 LS 5/7
6
VY41
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Shear/torsion full bridge
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
VY43
with = 23 10-6/K
VY4x
1-VY41-3/120 1-VY41x-3/120 120 3 1.3 9.8 10 3.5 LS7 Temperature response matching at customers choice,
see page 20
1-VY41x-6/120 120 6 2.7 18 17 7.5 LS4
1-VY41-3/350 1-VY43-3/350 1-VY41x-3/350 350 3 1.2 9.8 10 6 LS7 Illustrations show actual size
1-VY41x-6/350 350 6 2.7 18 17 13 LS4 (Grid length in mm)
d
a b
3 6

SG / Y series full bridge / diaphragm rosettes
MY21
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Diaphragm rosette
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
MY2x
see page 20
(Dimension a in mm)
1-MY2x-6/120 120 6 7.3 3.5 LS 7

1-MY21-15/350 1-MY2x-15/350 350 15 17 13 LS 5
6 15

SG / Y series strain gage chains
KY11
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Strain gage chain
Comprising 10 measuring grids in parallel to the chain axis
resis- bridge
and 1 compensating strain gage.
tance excitation Temperature response matched to steel
voltage with = 10.8 10-6/K
KY13
Measuring Measuring Pitch
grid grid carrier
with = 23 10-6/K
Steel Aluminum Others a b c d t V

KY1x
1-KY11-1/120 1-KY13-1/120 1-KY1x-1/120# 120 0.6 1 7.2 14.5 1 2 LS 7 see page 20
1-KY11-2/120 1-KY13-2/120 1-KY1x-2/120 120 1.5 1.3 6.7 24.5 2 2.5 LS 7

1-KY11-4/120 1-KY1x-4/120 120 3 2.1 9.7 44.5 4 5 LS 7 Illustrations show actual size
(Pitch t in mm)
Contents per
package: 1 piece
1 2 4
KY21
Comprising 10 measuring grids vertical to the chain axis
resis- bridge
and 1 compensating strain gage.
tance excitation Temperature response matched to steel
voltage with = 10.8 10-6/K
KY23
grid grid carrier
with = 23 10-6/K

KY2x
1-KY21-1/120 1-KY23-1/120 1-KY2x-1/120# 120 0.8 0.8 6.9 15 1 1.5 LS 7 see page 20
1-KY21-2/120 1-KY2x-2/120 120 1.7 1.7 9.5 27 2 3.5 LS 7 Illustrations show actual size
(Pitch t in mm)
Types marked # are only available with matching to aluminum, ferritic or austenitic steel Contents per
package: 1 piece
1 2

KY41
resis- bridge Comprising 10 measuring grids (5 in parallel, 5 vertical to the
chain axis, alternatingly) and 1 compensating strain gage.
tance excitation
voltage with = 10.8 10-6/K.
KY4x
grid grid carrier Temperature response matching at customers choice,
see page 20

(Pitch t in mm)
1-KY4x-2/120 120 1.2 1.3 9.2 24.5 2 2.5 LS 7
1-KY41-4/120 1-KY4x-4/120 120 3 3 11.5 44.5 4 6 LS 5
Contents per
package: 1 piece
2 4
KY3x
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Strain gage rosette chain
resis- bridge comprising 5 rosettes each with 3 0/60/120measuring grids
and 1 compensating strain gage
tance excitation
voltage Temperature response matching at customers choice,
see page 20

grid grid carrier Illustrations show actual size
(Pitch t in mm)
c
b
1-KY3x-4/120 120 1.3 4.1 8.3 25 4 2.5 LS 7
4
Contents per package: 1 piece

KY5x
resis- bridge comprising 10 measuring grids with common connection in
parallel to the measuring chain axis and 1 compensating
tance excitation
strain gage
voltage
see page 20

grid grid carrier

c
(Pitch t in mm) b
a
1-KY5x-1/120# 120 0.6 1.1 5.6 12.8 1 1.5 -
1-KY5x-2/120 120 1.5 1.3 6 22.8 2 2.5 -
d
t
1 2
KY6x
comprising 10 measuring grids with common connection vertical
resis- excitation
to the measuring chain axis and 1 compensating strain gage
tance bridge
voltage Temperature response matching at customers choice,
see page 20

grid grid carrier Illustrations show actual size
(Pitch t in mm) c
Steel Aluminum Others a b c d t V a
1-KY6x-1/120# 120 0.8 0.6 5.6 12.8 1 1.2 -

t d
1-KY6x-2/120 120 1.3 1.5 6 22.8 2 2.5 -
1 2

KY7x
comprising 10 measuring grids with common connection (5 in
resis- bridge
parallel, 5 vertical to the measuring chain axis, alternatingly)
tance excitation and 1 compensating strain gage
voltage
see page 20

grid grid carrier
Steel Aluminum Others a b c d t V Illustrations show actual size

(Pitch t in mm)
1-KY7x-2/120 120 1.3 1.5 6 22.8 2 2.5 -

c
a
t d

SG with connection cable K-LY... / K-XY.../ K-RY...
Special features
No soldering at the measuring point required
Proven quality of the Y series strain gages, now also available
with prewired PVC ribbon cable
40 mm Teflon wire, optional cable lengths from 0.5 m up to 10 m
2-, 3- and 4-wire versions
Linear strain gages, T rosettes, shear/torsion strain gages and
3-measuring grid rosettes
Teflon wire on the strain gage prevents the cable from sticking
during installation

Specifications
measuring grid
thickness m 3.8 or 5, depending on strain gage type
carrier
thickness 45 10
cover
thickness 25 5
connections Teflon wires, 0.051 mm2, approx. 40 mm long, connected

to AWG28 ribbon cables (PVC insulated) through soldering
sleeves in 2-, 3- or 4-wire circuit, in different lengths
nominal resistance1) 120, 350, 700, or 1000, depending on SG type

resistance tolerance1) % 0.3
gage factor approx. 2 (specified on each package)
gage factor tolerance 1) % 1

temperature coefficient of the gage factor1) 1/K (115 10) 10-6
operating temperature range with PVC cable without PVC cable
for absolute, i.e. zero point related measurements C -10 + 90 - 10 ... +155
for relative, i.e. not zero point related measurements C -10 + 90 - 10 ... +155

for LY41-3/120 % +0.2

tolerance of the temperature response1) 1/K 0.3 10-6
temperature response with matching in the range of3) C -10 + 120
mechanical hysteresis
at 1st load cycle and adhesive Z 70 m/m 1
at 1st load cycle and adhesive X 60 m/m 2.5
at 3rd load cycle and adhesive X 60 m/m 1
maximum elongation
on strain gage type LY41-3/120
m/m
>
absolute strain value for positive direction 20,000 ( 2 %)

m/m
>
absolute strain value for negative direction 25,000 ( 2.5%)
fatigue life
on strain gage type LY41-3/120
alternating strain w = 1,000 m/m and
zero point drift m 300 m/m > 1 . 107 (test was interrupted at 107)
zero point drift m 30 m/m 5 . 106

cold curing adhesives Z70; X60; X280
1) = Properties of strain gages without flat ribbon cables (incl. Teflon wire)
For more information such as permissible excitation voltage and dimensions, see Strain gages /Y series (page 23)

SG with connection cable (incl. Teflon wire) with 1 measuring grid
Types that can be supplied Variants No- Dimensions (mm) Max. perm. Solder
K-LY41
at short notice minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Linear strain gage
voltage
K-LY43
not required
Measuring Measuring with = 23 10-6/K
grid grid carrier
Steel Aluminum Others a b c d V K-LY4x

see page 20
K-LY41-3/120 K-LY4x-3/120 120 3 1.1 8 5 4

K-LY41-6/120 K-LY43-6/120 K-LY4x-6/120 120 6 2.3 13.9 5.9 8
K-LY41-10/120 K-LY4x-10/120 120 10 5 18 8 14 Illustrations show actual size
K-LY41-20/120 K-LY4x-20/120 120 20 0.7 31.8 8.2 7 (Grid length in mm)
K-LY41-50/120 K-LY4x-50/120 120 50 0.9 63.6 8.2 12
K-LY4x-100/120 120 100 1 114.8 8.2 19
K-LY4x-150/120 120 150 1.3 165.6 8.2 25
K-LY4x-3/350 350 3 2.5 10,9 5.9 9
K-LY41-6/350 K-LY4x-6/350 350 6 2.7 13.9 5.9 15
K-LY4x-10/350 350 10 5 18 8 24
K-LY4x-3/700 700 3 2.7 10.9 5.9 13
K-LY4x-6/700 700 6 4.1 13.9 5.9 23
K-LY4x-10/700 700 10 5 18 8 33
K-LY4x-3/1000# 1000 3 2.7 10.9 5.9 16
K-LY4x-6/1000# 1000 6 4.3 13.9 5.9 27
K-LY4x-10/1000# 1000 10 5 18 8 40
Available cable lengths,

see page 46
*Variants: minimum order quantity of 3 packages

# = only available with temperature response matched to ferritic steel, austenitic steel and aluminum
3 6 10 20 50 100 150

SG with connection cable (incl. Teflon wire) with 2 measuring grids
K-XY31
at short notice minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals 0/90 T rosette
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
K-XY33
not required
grid grid carrier

K-XY3x
K-XY3x-3/120 120 3 2.8 10.5 8 5.5 see page 20
K-XY31-6/120 K-XY3x-6/120 120 6 5.5 17.5 12 11
K-XY31-3/350 K-XY3x-3/350 350 3 2.9 10.9 7.6 10
K-XY33-6/350 K-XY3x-6/350 350 6 5.9 18 12 20
6
K-XY4x
at short notice minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Shear/ torsion half bridge
resis- bridge Temperature response matching at customers choice,
tance excitation see page 20
voltage
not required

Measuring Measuring
grid grid carrier

K-XY4x-3/120 120 3 3 11 8 5
K-XY4x-6/120 120 6 6 16 12.2 9.5
K-XY4x-3/350 350 3 4.1 11 8 9.5
K-XY4x-6/350 350 6 6 16 12.2 16
K-XY4x-3/700# 700 3 4.1 11 8 13.5
K-XY4x-6/700 700 6 6 16 12.2 23

6

# = only available with temperature response matched to ferritic steel, austenitic steel and aluminum

SG with connection cable (incl. Teflon wire) with 3 measuring grids
K-RY61R
at short notice minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals 0/45/90 rectangular hole drilling rosette
resis- bridge Temperature response matching at customers choice,
see page 20
tance excitation
voltage
c
b
Illustrations show
not required
actual size
a d
Measuring Measuring
grid grid carrier

K-RY6x-1.5/120R** 120 1.5 0.72 13.5 8 2
Contents per
package: 5 pcs.
1,5
K-RY81
at short notice minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals 0/45/90 rectangular hole drilling rosette
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
K-RY83
not required
grid grid carrier

K-RY8x
K-RY81-3/120 K-RY8x-3/120 120 3 0.9 9.7 14.6 3 see page 20
K-RY81-6/120 K-RY83-6/120 K-RY8x-6/120 120 6 2.8 13.2 22.9 7.5
K-RY8x-3/350 350 3 0.9 9.7 14.6 5.5 Illustrations show
K-RY8x-6/350 350 6 2.6 13.1 22.9 13 actual size
3 6
Available cable lengths (mounted PVC ribbon cable)

K-LY4... K-XY3... K-XY4... K-RY6.../RY8...
2- 3- 4- 2- 3- 4- 2- 3- 4- 2- 3- 4-
wire wire wire wire
0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m - - 0.5 m
1m - 1m - 1m - - 1m -
2m - 2m - 2m - - 2m -
3m - 3m - 3m - - 3m -
4m - 4m - 4m - - 4m -
5m - 5m - 5m - - 5m -
7.5 m - 7.5 m - 7.5 m - - 7.5 m -
10 m - 10 m - 10 m - - 10 m -

**= only available with temperature response matched to ferritic steel

V series strain gages
V series strain gages
Encapsulated strain gages

3m stranded connection wire, PVC insulated
High mechanical protection
Experimental stress analysis on

a railway rail

SG / V series encapsulated strain gages with 3m stranded connection wire
LV41
Stock types Nominal Dimensions (mm) Max. perm. Linear strain gage Contents per package: 10 pcs.
resistance [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective
bridge excitation
voltage
XV91
0/90 T rosette Contents per package: 5 pcs.

carrier RV91
0/45/90 rosette Contents per package: 5 pcs.
Steel a b c d V
with = 10.8 10-6/K
1-LV41-3/120 120 3 1.1 19 12 2

1-XV91-3/120 120 3 1.4 24.5 20.5 2
1-RV91-3/120 120 3 1.25 24.5 20.5 1
LV41 XV91 RV91
Specifications
and cable in plastic potting
measuring grid
thickness m 5
carrier
material polyimide
thickness m 45 10
cover
material polyimide
thickness m 25 5
potting
material plastic
thickness mm approx. 1.5
connections PVC coated stranded connection wires, 3 m long
in 2-wire circuit
nominal resistance 120; including stranded connection wire

resistance tolerance % 0.5

gage factor tolerance % 1
for absolute, i.e. zero point related measurements C 30 + 105
for relative, i.e. not zero point related measurements C 30 + 105

temperature response with matching in the range of C 10 + 105
on strain gage typeLV41-3/120
absolute strain value for positive direction m/m
>
20,000 ( 2 %)
absolute strain value for negative direction m/m
>
50,000 ( 5 %)
minimum radius of curvature, longitudinal and transverse, at reference temperature mm 100

cold curing adhesives Z 70; X 60; X280
1) The data depends on different installation parameters and is therefore specified for representative examples only.

Special SG encapsulated strain gage with stranded wire
IP 67 1) protection
1 m Teflon insulated stranded connection wire
Moisture proof and resistant against chemicals 2) due to full encapsulation
in special plastic material
Excellent zero signal stability with changing moisture
2-wire or 4-wire circuit alternatively
LE11
Stock types Nominal Dimensions (mm) Max. perm.
encapsulated linear strain gage
resistance [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective
bridge excitation with = 10.8 10-6 /K
voltage
Measuring Measuring grid Illustrations show actual size

carrier
Steel a b c d V
1-LE11-3/350Z (2-wire connection) 350 3 2 15 9 6

1-LE11-3/350V (4-wire connection)) 350 3 2 15 9 6 Contents per package: 5 pcs.
Specifications
Type LE11-3/350
strain gage construction foil SG IP 67, resistant against chemicals2)

measuring grid material Constantan foil
measuring grid length mm 3
carrier
material special plastic material
thickness m 25
covering material special plastic material, 25 m thick
thickness of the complete SG mm 0.65
nominal resistance 350

resistance tolerance per package % 0.5
reference temperature C + 23
for installation with Z 70 C - 70 + 120
for installation with EP 250/EP 310S/X 280 C -200 + 180
temperature response matched to
thermal expansion coefficient for ferritic steel 1/K 10.8 10-6
temperature range of the matching of the temperature response C - 10+ 120
transverse sensitivity
within reference temperature range using adhesive Z 70 % 0.25
minimum radius of curvature at reference temperature
longitudinal and transverse mm 3
maximum elongation at reference temperature m/m 50,000 ( 5 %)
fatigue life1)
number of load cycles Lw at alternating strain
w = 1,000 m/m and zero point drift m 300 m/m >> 107 (test was interrupted at 107)
connection cable, 1m long 2 or 4 Teflon insulated stranded wires

bonding material that can be used Z 70, EP 310S, EP 250, X 280
1) Please note the resistance of the adhesives used 2) only

concentrated acids (sulphuric acid, nitric acid) will destroy this special plastic material.
High resistance against fuels and engine oils

C series strain gages
C series strain gages
The specialist for extreme temperatures (-269... +250C)

Temperature response with matching in the range of - 200 ... +250C
Flexible, therefore easy to handle
Tensile force measurement using C series strain gages at

low temperatures (permafrost)

Specifications
measuring grid
material CrNi special alloy
thickness m 5
carrier
thickness 45 10
cover
thickness 25 5
connections nickel plated Cu leads, approx. 30mm in length
nominal resistance 120, 350 depending on SG type

resistance tolerance % 0.35
gage factor approx. 2.2
temperature coefficient of the gage factor specified on each package
within reference temperature range using adhesive Z 70 % - 0.15
on strain gage type LC11-6/120
temperature response
for ferritic steel 1/K 10.8 10 6
for aluminum 1/K 23 10 6
tolerance of the temperature response 1/K 0.6 10 6
temperature response with matching in the range of C -200 + 250
at 1st load cycle and adhesive Z 70 m/m 1.25
at 3rd load cycle and adhesivef Z 70 m/m 0.75
absolute strain value e for positive direction m/m 20,000 ( 2 %)
absolute strain value e for negative direction m/m 100,000 ( 10 %)
fatigue life1)
alternating strain w = 1,000 m/m and zero point drift m 300 m/m >> 107 (test was interrupted at 107)

hot curing adhesives EP 250; EP 310S

SG / C series with 1 measuring grid, 2 measuring grids
LC11
resis- bridge
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
LC1x
Measuring grid Measuring grid see page 20
carrier
Steel Aluminum Others a b c d V Illustrations show actual size

(Grid length in mm)
d
b
1-LC11-3/120 120 3 3.2 8.5 5.5 6 LS 5
1-LC11-6/120 120 6 3.2 12 5.5 9 LS 5
ac
1-LC11-10/120 120 10 3.2 16 5.5 11 LS 5
1-LC11-3/350 1-LC1x-3/350* 350 3 3.2 8.5 5.5 10 LS 5
1-LC11-6/350 1-LC1x-6/350* 350 6 3.2 12 5.5 14 LS 5
1-LC11-10/350 1-LC1x -10/350* 350 10 3.2 16 5.5 18 LS 5 3 6 10
XC11
voltage
XC1x
Measuring grid Measuring grid Temperature response matching at customers choice,
carrier see page 20

(Grid length in mm)
1-XC11-3/350 1-XC1x-3/350* 350 3 3.2 10 10 10 LS 7
1-XC1x-6/350* 350 6 6.2 16 18 20 LS 4
d
a b
c
3 6
Types marked * are only available with matching to aluminum or ferritic steel

SG / C series with 3 measuring grids
RC11
voltage
RC1x
Measuring grid Measuring grid see page 20
carrier

1-RC11-4/350 1-RC1x-4/350* 350 1.1 4 1.1 8 8 3.5 LS 7 (Dimension a2 in mm)
1-RC1x-6/350* 350 2 6 1.3 11 11 5 LS 5
a2
c b
a1
d
4 6
Types marked * are only available with matching to aluminum or ferritic steel

G series strain gages
G series strain gages
Optimum strain gage for the manufacture of transducers
Nominal resistances of 120 ohms and 350 ohms available
Carrier material: glass fiber reinforced phenolic resin/
Measuring grid material: constantan
Leads: fitted as standard
G series strain gages used on different base bodies in the

manufacture of transducers

Specifications
measuring grid
thickness m 3.8 oder 5, depending on strain gage type
carrier
material m glass fiber reinforced phenolic resin
thickness 35 10
cover
material glass fiber reinforced phenolic resin
thickness m 25 8
connections nickel plated Cu leads, 0.2 or 0.3 x 0.06 x 30 mm
nominal resistance 120 oder 350, depending on strain gage type

resistance tolerance 2) % 0.35
gage factor tolerance for 0.6mm and 1.5mm measuring grid length % 1.5
for 3 mm measuring grid length % 0.7
within reference temperature range using adhesive Z 70
on strain gage type LG11-6/120 % - 0.1

emperature response at customers choice matched to the thermal expansion coefficient
on strain gage type LG11-6/120
at 1st load cycle and adhesive EP 250 m/m 0.5
at 3rd load cycle and adhesive EP 250 m/m 0.5
at 1st load cycle and adhesive X 60 m/m 3
at 3rd load cycle and adhesive X 60 m/m 1.5
absolute strain value for positive direction m/m
>
20,000 ( 2 %)
absolute strain value for negative direction m/m
>
50,000 ( 5 %)
fatigue life1)
number of load cycles Lw at alternating strain w = 1,000 m/m and
zero point drift m 300 m/m >> 107
m 30 m/m 3 106
m 300 m/m >> 107
m 30 m/m 3 106
minimum radius of curvature, longitudinal and transverse, at reference temperature mm 3

2) With measuring grid lengths of 0.6 mm, the nominal resistance may deviate by 1%.

SG / G series with 1 measuring grid, 2 measuring grids
LG11
Stock types Variants No- Dimensions (mm) Max. perm Solder
voltage
LG13
grid grid carrier

LG1x
see page 20
1-LG1x-0.6/120# 120 0.6 1.4 5 3.2 1.5 LS 7

1-LG1x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.2 6.5 4.7 2.5 LS 7 Illustrations show actual size
(Grid length in mm)
1-LG11-3/120 1-LG1x-3/120 120 3 1.4 8.5 4.5 4 LS 7
1-LG11-6/120 1-LG1x-6/120 120 6 2.8 13 6.3 8 LS 5
1-LG11-10/120 1-LG1x-10/120 120 10 4.9 18.5 9.5 13 LS 5
1-LG11-3/350 1-LG1x-3/350 350 3 1.5 8.5 4.5 7 LS 7
1-LG11-6/350 1-LG13-6/350 1-LG1x-6/350 350 6 2.9 13 6 14 LS 5
1-LG11-10/350 1-LG1x-10/350 350 10 5.0 18.5 9.5 23 LS 5
0.6 1.5 3 6 10
XG11
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals T rosette
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
XG13
Measuring Measuring
with = 23 10-6/K
grid grid carrier

XG1x
see page 20
1-XG1x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.5 10.3 5.7 3 LS 5
1-XG11-3/120 1-XG1x-3/120 120 3 3.0 14.5 7.5 6 LS 4
1-XG11-6/120 1-XG1x-6/120 120 6 6.0 23.5 11 12 LS 5 Illustrations show actual size
(Grid length in mm)
1-XG11-3/350 1-XG13-3/350 1-XG1x-3/350 350 3 3.0 14.4 7.3 10 LS 4
1-XG11-6/350 1-XG1x-6/350 350 6 6.0 23.3 10.5 20 LS 5
1.5 3 6
# = only available with temperature response matched to ferritic steel, austenitic steel and aluminum Contents per package: 5 pcs.

SG / G series with 2 measuring grids
XG21
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Shear/ torsion half bridge
voltage
XG2x
Measuring Measuring see page 20
grid grid carrier

(Grid length in mm)
1-XG2x-1.5/120 120 1.5 1.9 2.5 7.6 6.3 2.5 LS 7

1-XG2x-3/120 120 3 4.3 5.3 11.2 9.5 6 LS 5
1-XG2x-6/120 120 6 8 10 17.5 12.7 11 LS4
1-XG21-3/350 1-XG2x-3/350 350 3 4 5.3 11.2 9.5 10 LS4
1-XG21-6/350 1-XG2x-6/350 350 6 7.8 10 17.5 12.7 19 LS 5 1.5

K series strain gages
K series strain gages
Optimum strain gage for the manufacture of transducers
Carrier material: glass fiber reinforced phenolic resin/Measuring
grid material: constantan
Various strain gages with different creep adjustments available
Especially matched compensating elements for zero point,
TC0 and TCS balancing
On request, every K strain gage without leads can be supplied
as stick-on strain gage (with touch-dry adhesive coating,
hot curing) for maximum precision and easy use in the
manufacture of transducers.
Strain gage installation on a customized

machine element
Z6 load cell from HBM without bellows

Specifications
Type LK1x, DK1x, LK2x, LK4x,
XK5x, XK1x, DK2x, XK2x,
MK1x XK6x, MK2x
strain gage construction foil strain gage with foil strain gage without cover
embedded measuring grid with integrated solder tabs
with integrated leads
measuring grid
thickness m 5
carrier
material glass fiber reinforced phenolic resin
thickness m 35 10
cover
material
thickness m 25 8
connections nickel plated Cu leads integrated
approx. 30mm in length solder tabs

resistance tolerance % 0.35 0.3
nominal value of the gage factor4) specified on each package
gage factor tolerance 4) % 0.7
temperature coefficient of the gage factor 1/K approx. (115 10) . 10-6
for absolute, i.e. zero point related measurements C - 70 + 200

within reference temperature range using adhesive Z 70
on strain gage type LK11E-3/350 % - 0.09

Creep adjustment2)
The end loop length u corresponds to a multiple of the grid line width s code letter
A: u = 1s M: u = 7s
C: u = 2s O: u = 8s
end loop E: u = 3s Q: u = 9s
G: u = 4s S: u = 10s
I: u = 5s U: u = 11s
K: u = 6s W: u = 12s
on strain gage type LK11E-3/350
on strain gage type LK11E-3/350
absolute strain value for positive direction m/m 20,000 ( 2 %)
absolute strain value for negative direction m/m 50,000 ( 5 %)
fatigue life1)
alternating strain w = 1,000 m/m on strain gage type LK11E- 3/350
number of load cycles and zero point drift m 300 m/m >> 107
m 30 m/m 3 106
minimum radius of curvature, longitudinal and transverse, at reference temperature mm

1) The data depend on the various parameters of the specific application and are therefore stated for representative examples only. 2)Different creep adjustments are available per type.
3) Matching to plastic (code numer 8) is only possible in the temperature range of -10+50C. 4) Does not apply for MK1x, MK2x..

SG / K series with 1 measuring grid
LK11
Stock types Variants Creep Dimensions (mm) Max. perm Solder
adjust- [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Linear strain gage with cover
ment bridge Temperature response matched to steel
with = 10.8 10-6/
excitation
voltage
LK13
grid grid carrier

LK1x
see page 20
1-LK1xE-3/350 E 3 3 9.5 5 10 LS 212 Illustrations show actual size

1-LK1xG-3/350 G 3 3 9.5 5 10 LS 212 (Grid length in mm)
1-LK11K-3/350 1-LK13K-3/350 1-LK1xK-3/350 K 3 3 9.5 5 10 LS 212
1-LK11O-3/350 1-LK1xO-3/350 O 3 3 9.5 5 10 LS 212
1-LK1xA-6/350 A 6 3 12.5 5 14 LS 212
1-LK1xC-6/350 C 6 3 12.5 5 14 LS 212
1-LK11E-6/350 1-LK13E-6/350 1-LK1xE-6/350 E 6 3 12.5 5 14 LS212
1-LK1xG-6/350 G 6 3 12.5 5 14 LS212
1-LK1xI-6/350 I 6 3 12.5 5 14 LS212
3 6
LK21
adjust- [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Linear strain gage without cover
ment bridge (1) Temperature response matched to steel
excitation with = 10.8 10-6/K
voltage
LK23
grid grid carrier

LK2x
see page 20
1-LK21K-3/350 1-LK2xK-3/350 K 3 3 9.5 5 9 LS 212

1-LK21O-3/350 1-LK23O-3/350 1-LK2xO-3/350 O 3 3 9.5 5 9 LS 212 (Grid length in mm)
1-LK21S-3/350 1-LK23S-3/350 1-LK2xS-3/350 S 3 3 9.5 5 9 LS 212
1-LK23W-3/350 1-LK2xW-3/350 W 3 3 9.5 5 9 LS 212
1-LK2xG-6/350 G 6 3 12.5 5 13 LS 212
1-LK21K-6/350 1-LK2xK-6/350 K 6 3 12.5 5 13 LS 212
1-LK2xO-6/350 O 6 3 12.5 5 13 LS212
3 6

SG / K series with 1 measuring grid
LK4x
adjust- [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Linear strain gage without cover
ment bridge (1) Temperature response matching at customers choice,
see page 20
excitation
voltage

Measuring Measuring (Grid length in mm)
grid grid carrier
1-LK4xK-3/350 K 3 3 10.5 5 9 LS 212

1-LK4xO-3/350 O 3 3 10.5 5 9 LS 212 3
1-LK4xS-3/350 S 3 3 10.5 5 9 LS 212

SG / K series with 2 measuring grids / double strain gages
DK11
adjust- [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Double strain gage with cover
ment bridge with = 10.8 10-6/K
excitation
voltage
DK13
with = 23 10-6/K
Measuring Measuring
grid grid carrier
DK1x
see page 20
1-DK1xE-3/350 E 3 3 9.5 8.5 10 LS224

1-DK11G-3/350 1-DK13G-3/350 1-DK1xG-3/350 G 3 3 9.5 8.5 10 LS224
(Grid length in mm)
1-DK11K-3/350 1-DK1xK-3/350 K 3 3 9.5 8.5 10 LS224
1-DK1xO-3/350 O 3 3 9.5 8.5 10 LS224
1-DK1xA-6/350 A 6 3 12.5 8.5 14 LS224
1-DK1xC-6/350 C 6 3 12.5 8.5 14 LS224
1-DK11E-6/350 1-DK1xE-6/350 E 6 3 12.5 8.5 14 LS224
1-DK11G-6/350 1-DK1xG-6/350 G 6 3 12.5 8.5 14 LS224
1-DK1xI-6/350 I 6 3 12.5 8.5 14 LS224
3 6
DK21
adjust- [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Double strain gage without cover
ment bridge (1) with = 10.8 10-6/K
excitation
voltage
DK23
with = 23 10-6/K
Measuring Measuring
grid grid carrier
DK2x
see page 20
1-DK21K-3/350 1-DK2xK-3/350 K 3 3 9.5 8.5 9 LS 224

1-DK21O-3/350 1-DK2xO-3/350 O 3 3 9.5 8.5 9 LS 224 Illustrations show actual size
1-DK2xS-3/350 S 3 3 9.5 8.5 9 LS 224 (Grid length in mm)
1-DK2xW-3/350 W 3 3 9.5 8.5 9 LS 224
1-DK2xG-6/350 G 6 3 12.5 8.5 13 LS 224
1-DK21K-6/350 1-DK23K-6/350 1-DK2xK-6/350 K 6 3 12.5 8.5 13 LS 224
1-DK2xO-6/350 O 6 3 12.5 8.5 13 LS 224
3 6

SG / K series with 2 measuring grids / shear / torsion strain gages
XK11
Shear / torsion strain gage with cover
adjust- [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Temperature response matched to steel
excitation
voltage
XK13
with = 23 10-6/K
Measuring Measuring
grid grid carrier
XK1x
see page 20
1-XK11E-3/350 1-XK1xE-3/350 E 3 4.5 5.5 15 8 10 LS224

1-XK1xG-3/350 G 3 4.5 5.5 15 8 10 LS224 Illustrations show actual size
1-XK11K-3/350 1-XK1xK-3/350 K 3 4.5 5.5 15 8 10 LS224 (Grid length in mm)
1-XK11O-3/350 1-XK1xO-3/350 O 3 4.5 5.5 15 13 10 LS212

1-XK1xA-6/350 A 6 5.5 10.4 20 13 15 LS212 d
b2
1-XK1xC-6/350 C 6 5.5 10.4 20 13 15 LS212
1-XK11E-6/350 1-XK1xE-6/350 E 6 5.5 10.4 20 13 15 LS212
1-XK1xG-6/350 G 6 5.5 10.4 20 13 15 LS212 b1
c
1-XK1xI-6/350 I 6 5.5 10.4 20 13 15 LS212
a
3 6
XK21
Shear / torsion strain gage without cover
adjust- [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Temperature response matched to steel
excitation
voltage
XK2x
see page 20
Measuring Measuring
grid grid carrier
Steel Aluminum Others a b1 b2 c d V Illustrations show actual size

(Grid length in mm)
1-XK21K-3/350 1-XK2xK-3/350 K 3 4.5 5.5 15 8 9 LS224 d
1-XK21O-3/350 1-XK2xO-3/350 O 3 4.5 5.5 15 8 9 LS224 b2
1-XK21S-3/350 1-XK2xS-3/350 S 3 4.5 5.5 15 8 9 LS224

b1
c
3 a
3 Strain Gages and Accessories 63

SG / K series with 2 measuring grids / T rosette
XK51
adjust- [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals 0/ 90 T rosette with cover
voltage
XK5x
grid grid carrier

(Grid length in mm)
1-XK5xA-3/350 A 3 3 10 10 10 LS 224
1-XK51E-3/350 1-XK5xE-3/350 E 3 3 10 10 10 LS 224
1-XK51M-3/350 1-XK5xM-3/350 M 3 3 10 10 10 LS 224
1-XK51A-6/350 1-XK5xA-6/350 A 6 6 16 18 20 LS 224
1-XK5xC-6/350 C 6 6 16 18 20 LS 224
1-XK51E-6/350 1-XK5xE-6/350 E 6 6 16 18 20 LS 224
3 6
XK6x
adjust- [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals 0/ 90 T rosette without cover
excitation see page 20
voltage

(Grid length in mm)
Measuring Measuring
grid grid carrier
1-XK6xA-3/350 A 3 3 10 10 9 LS 224
1-XK6xE-3/350 E 3 3 10 10 9 LS 224
1-XK6xM-3/350 M 3 3 10 10 9 LS 224
1-XK6xA-6/350 A 6 6 16 18 18 LS 224
1-XK6xE-6/350 E 6 6 16 18 18 LS 224 3 6
1-XK6xI-6/350 I 6 6 16 18 18 LS 224

SG / K series with 4 measuring grids / diaphragm rosette
MK11
adjust- [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Diaphragm full bridge with cover
voltage
MK1x
grid grid carrier

(Dimension a in mm)
1-MK11M-10/350 1-MK1xM-10/350 M 10 - 13 - 8 LS 224

1-MK11M-15/350 1-MK1xM-15/350 M 15 - 18 - 13 LS 224
10 15
Inhalt je Packung 5 Stck
MK21
adjust- [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Diaphragm full bridge without cover
excitation see page 20
voltage

Measuring Measuring (Grid length in mm)
grid grid carrier
1-MK2xM-10/350 M 10 - 12 - 7 LS 224
10

SG / K series balancing and compensating elements
NA1 6/4.73
Dimensions (mm)
Adjustable foil resistor for zero point balancing on a
Grid Carrier polyimide carrier with a raw resistance of twice about
9 . For each bridge branch, a maximum of 4.73
Type a b c d can be connected, with the following stages:
2.4 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.08 20% a)
1-NA1-6/4.73 6 14.5 8
Zero point balancing resistor
TN1 3/1.05
Dimensions (mm)
Adjustable foil resistor for temperature compensation
Grid Carrier of the zero point. Nickel foil on a polyimide carrier with
a raw resistance of twice about 0.7 .
Type a b c d For each bridge branch, a maximum of 1.05 can be
connected, with the following stages:
0.6 0.3 0.15 20% a)
1-TN1-3/1.05 6 11 8 Temperature coefficient of the resistor:
(+ 20C+ 70C): 4.9 10-3/K
TC0 compensating resistor
TC1 4/60
Dimensions (mm)
Adjustable foil resistor for temperature compensation of
Grid Carrier the sensitivity. Nickel foil on a polyimide carrier with a
raw resistance of about 1 . For each bridge branch, a
Type a b c d maximum of 60 can be connected, with the following
stages:
32 16 8 4 20% a)
1-TC1-4/60 4.2 7 11.5 9 Temperature coefficient of the resistor:
(+ 20C+ 70C): 4.9 10-3/K
TCS compensating resistor

(grid length in mm)
a) Reference temperature for resistor specifications T=23C

SG / K series balancing and compensating elements
Example circuit diagram of balancing

and compensating elements in a strain
gage full bridge
Note: For more details, please refer

to the HBM book The Route to
Measurement Transducers
Its so easy,...
...using stick-on strain gages:
Preparation: - Roughly clean the installation area and degrease it (e.g. using RMS1)
- Grind (grain size 220-300), sandblast (e.g. corundum, grain size 80-100)
- Clean with ultrapure solvent (e.g. RMS1)
Strain gage: No preparation required
Fixing the SG: Use heat-resistant adhesive tape (e.g. 1-Klebeband)
Pressing of
the SG: e.g. using a clamping device protect the strain gage from damage using separating foil
(e.g. 1-Teflon) and pressure compensation pads
Curing of
adhesives: Prerequisites for optimum curing:
- Contact pressure: 20-35 N/cm2
- Rate of heating (under pressure): 2.5K/min from room temperature to 160C
- Curing time: 3.5h at 160C
- Cooling (under pressure): down to room temperature
- Subsequent curing (without pressure): 1h at 160C K strain gages without leads
are also available with the
stick-on option

Special SG / Weldable strain gage
Field of application: Strain measurements at increased temperatures on weldable
components on which due to their size strain gage installation using hot curing
adhesive is not possible. Use of strain gages on site where the cleanliness required
for bonding cannot be guaranteed (construction sites, production plants, etc.).
Bonding: Spot welding is a simple bonding method for strain gages as hardly any
preparations are necessary and very little practical experience is required of users.
Strain gage layout: Y series foil strain gage on carrier plate, covered with trans-
parent silicone rubber; fitted with 0.5 m stranded connection wires
LS31
covering agent stranded wire 0.5 long
Contents per package: 5 pcs1)
Specifications
Type LS 31-6/350
strain gage construction foil strain gage (quarter bridge), polyimide carrier and
constantan measuring grid, hot-bonded to carrier plate
measuring grid mm 6
carrier plate
Ixw mm 40 x 10
thickness mm 0.1
material X 8 Cr 17 (1.4016)
resistance tolerance per package % 1 ; measured at end of cable
maximum permissible bridge excitation voltage V 15
reference temperature C + 23
operating temperature range C - 200 + 150
temperature response at customers choice matched to the
thermal expansion coefficient for ferritic steel 1/K 10.8 10-6
temperature response with matching in the range of C - 10+ 120
minimum radius of curvature at reference temperature

longitudinal and transverse mm 75
maximum elongation at reference temperature m/m 3,000 ( 0.3 %)
strain-related restoring force N < 250
1,000 m/m
bonding method spot welding method
1) Each package is supplied with two plates for welding exercises

Strain gages for high strain
Strain gages for high strain
These strain gages are used in all applications where they are extended or shortened by > 5%.
Specifications: maximum elongation 100,000 m/m ( 10%).
Fatigue life: less resistance to alternating loads than with Y series strain gages.
More specifications: see page 23
LD20
Stock types No- Dimensions (mm) Max. perm Solder
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Linear strain gage for high strains
resis- bridge No matching of temperature response
tance excitation
voltage
Measuring Measuring Illustrations show actual size

grid grid carrier (Grid length in mm)
a b c d V
1-LD20-6/120 120 6 2.8 12.8 6 8 LS 7

1-LD20-10/120 120 10 4.9 18.5 9.5 13 LS 5
6 10

Crack propagation gages
These strain gages are used to determine the crack propagation on a component.
HBM offers three different types: Types RDS20 and RDS40 consist of electrically
separated resistor lines, i.e. as the crack extends, individual circuits will be
interrupted.
Type RDS22 consists of conductor tracks connected in parallel which will tear if the
crack extends under the crack propagation gage. This will gradually increase the
electrical resistance of the strain gage as the crack continues to extend.
This change in resistance can be measured using a resistance meter or a strain gage
amplifier (see connection diagram).
RDS20, RDS22, RDS40

Order designation of the Dimensions (mm) [1 inch = 25.4 mm]
standard types Resis-
tance Measu- Pitch t Number Max. perm
per Link ring grid Measuring center of of effective
(Grid length in mm)
web length width grid carrier link/center link excitation
of link voltage
a b c d mm V
Construction:
1-RDS20 13 20 22.5 28 25 1.15 20 1.5 Carrier: phenolic resin, glass-fiber reinforced,
1-RDS22 44 22 5 27.8 6.8 0.1 50 0.8 thickness (35 10) m
1-RDS40 28 40 8.4 47 10 0.8 10 2.5
Grid foil: constantan foil, thickness, 5 m
Resistance tolerance 20%
a c
20 22 40

Connecting a crack propagation gage
There are two different types of crack propagation gages: RDS22 consisting of conductor
tracks connected in parallel which will tear if the crack extends under the crack propa-
gation gage. This will gradually increase the electrical resistance of the strain gage as
the crack continues to extend. Types RDS20 and RDS40 consist of electrically separated
resistor lines, i.e. as the crack extends, individual circuits will be interrupted. If these are
contacted individually, the direction in which the gap extends can be detected.
The easiest way to detect the signals of crack propagation gages (RDS) is to measure the
resistance. Many amplifiers from HBM enable such direct resistance measurements to be
taken (e.g. MGCplus or Spider8 with the appropriate modules).
The resulting resistance (R) of the RDS is dependent on the

number of torn links and can easily be calculated. n identical Connecting an RDS crack propagation
resistors (Ri) are connected in parallel: gage to a strain gage amplifier
Ri short, R=1 ohm R=349.5 ohms
Rn= low-ohm leads
n
If a grid line is interrupted, this is described by
3-wire circuit between
Ri completion resistor and
R(n-1) = amplifier
(n-1)
RDS22
The measurement can also be taken using an amplifier for crack propagation
strain gage measurements. The connection diagram shows gage
Ua
how the RDS has to be complemented to obtain a resistance
change that is inside the measuring range of an amplifier Ub
for strain gage quarter bridges.
amplifier for strain gages in
quarter bridge circuit, 350
Temperature effects can be minimized using temperature stable

fixed resistors or strain gages as completion resistors. A higher
sensitivity can be obtained by selecting a parallel resistor with
a higher resistance value.
Please contact us
(e-mail: support@hbm.com) to get a table Typical signal curve considering for example
and a diagram showing the bridge output an RDS20 with links connected in parallel
signal depending on the number of torn
output signal
links for each crack propagation gage.
0 number of intact links

SG for determination of residual stress
For determining residual stresses, the two following proven strain gage based techno-
logies are frequently used: the ring core method and the hole-drilling method. A com-
mon feature of both methods is that, after installation of the strain gage rosettes onto
the workpiece, the residual stress condition is disturbed by a suitable action. In case of
the ring core method this is done by cutting a circular groove around the strain gage
rosette. In case of the hole-drilling method, a hole is drilled into the center of the
rosette.
Following this action, residual stresses cause strains on the surface of the workpiece,
which are detected by the strain gage, and then used for calculating the residual stress
state. HBMs product range provides three different methods for determining residual
stresses.
Ring core method

The XY51 rosettes (for residual stresses with known principal direction) and RY51 (for
residual stresses with unknown principal direction) are specifically designed for the ring
core method. This process enables high precision measurements to be taken and the
residual stresses to be represented in relation to the drilling depth.
XY51
0/90 ring core rosette
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Temperature response matched to steel
tance excitation operating temperature range: + 10 + 60C
voltage

grid carrier Illustrations show actual size
1-XY51-5/350 350 5 2.5 12 6.5
Specifications:
As these strain gages are covered by a print plate, they can be used
on level or weakly curved surfaces only.
RY51
0/45/90 ring core rosette
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals Temperature response matched to steel
tance excitation operating temperature range: + 10 + 60C
voltage

grid carrier Illustrations show actual size
1-RY51-5/350 350 5 2.5 12 4.5
Specifications:

Hole-drilling method according to the integral method
Using RY21 or, particularly easy to handle, RY61 and the associated drilling device
(page 76), it is possible to determine the residual stresses according to the integral
method.
The result is the integral mean value of the residual stresses over the entire drilling
depth.
RY21
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals 0/45/90 hole-drilling rosette
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage

grid carrier
1-RY21-3/120 120 3 2.5 22 22 4.5 LS 5
RY61
resis- bridge (1) For use with HBM drilling device RY 61
voltage operating temperature range:+ 10 + 60C

grid carrier
1-RY61-1,5/120 120 1.5 0.7 12 2 LS 5
Specifications:
More specifications: see page 23 Contents per package: 5 pcs.

Hole-drilling method by means of High speed drilling
The RY 61S, RY 61K, and VY 61S rosettes have been specifically designed for the
requirements of high speed drilling. This method uses a special drilling techno-
logy, with a speed of 300,000 rpm. This prevents new residual stresses from
arising due to processing.
The resulting highly precise measurement values allow a very precise represen-
tation of the residual stresses in relation to the drilling depth.
RY61K
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals 0/45/90 rectangular hole drilling rosette
resis- bridge (1) strain gage with integrated solder tabs
tance excitation
with = 10.8 10-6/K
voltage
grid carrier d
a

c
1-RY61-1,5/120K 120 1.5 0.7 7.2 10.2 2 LS 7 b
RY61R
with = 10.8 10-6/K
tance excitation
voltage
grid carrier d

a c
1-RY6x-1.5/120K** 120 1.5 0.7 8 13.5 2 LS 7 b

RY61S
voltage (see p. 47).

grid carrier
1-RY61-1.5/120S 120 1.5 0.7 10.2 2 LS 5


VY61S
minal [1 inch = 25.4 mm] effective terminals 0/45/90/135 hole-drilling rosette
voltage
grid carrier d

b
1-VY6x-1,5/120S** 120 1.5 0.7 - 10.2 2 LS 5 a

**= only available with temperature response matched to ferritic steel

MTS 3000... the system for automatically
determining residual stress using strain gages
The strength behavior of components is influenced by residual stresses existing in these

components without showing any visible signs. Therefore, the aim is to determine the
mechanical stresses in the components. With the hole-drilling method for determining
residual stresses, a small hole of 1.6 mm diameter is drilled into the work piece and
strain gages are used to measure the resulting strain.
HBM offers both the required amplifier and the MTS 3000 system which enable this
process to be implemented comfortably. The system uses a stepping motor which
permits drilling at 300,000 rpm. The strain changes arising due to the step-by-step
drilling of the hole into the work piece will be detected by a strain gage rosette
specifically designed for this process.
Signal processing is performed digitally. In addition to system control functions, the

software package comprises four different evaluation algorithms which enable the
mechanical stresses to be computed from the measured strain. The entire measurement
process is PC-controlled. This ensures a high degree of measurement reliability as well
as optimum reproducibility.
RY61S special strain gage rosette
PC or notebook
MTS 3000 components
software
drilling compressed air PCI card
device
stepping motor control system
compressed air PCMCIA
DAQ card
MTS 3000 components
SG. rosette
drilling device
control system
test specimen software
a PCI card or
amplifier RS 232 - interface/LPT1-interface PCMCIA DAQ card
b
(e.g. Spider8,
c MGCplus)

MTS 3000 ... hole drilling method
Spare turbine for MTS 3000:
Order no.: 1-SINTT
Spare milling cutter MTS 3000:

Order no.: 1-SINTB
Diamond milling cutter MTS 3000:

Order no.: 1-SINTD
For more detailed information,

please request our MTS 3000
data sheet.
Complete measuring chain with amplifier and

control and analysis PC
Integral hole drilling method

RY 61 drilling device for hole drilling rosette 1-RY61-1,5/120
The drilling device is used to apply the hole in the center of
the installed hole drilling rosette. It comprises a magnetic holder,
a centering pin, a shaft drill, and a universal coupling:
Order no.: 1-RY61
Spare drill for material hardness up to 30 HRC:
Order no.: 1-8410.0019
Carbide drill for material hardness up to 45 HRC:
Order no.: 2-9219.9133

Customized strain gages
You have special requirements which cannot be met by a strain gage
from our standard product range?
You are looking for a strain gage which is equivalent to the one you
currently use?
You have designed your own strain gage?
Contact us, we will produce customized strain gages

according to your requirements, already from quantities
of 20 packages.
Please use the request form included in our price list
or send your request or layout direct via fax or e-mail
to: info@hbm.com
Please also see our catalog

Strain Gages for Transducer Manufacturers.
Customized strain gages
Diaphragm rosette strain gages
Half-bridge strain gages
T strain gages
Full-bridge strain gages

SG accessories bonding material
The most common way in which strain gages are attached to the test object is by
bonding. It is prerequisite to use application-specific adhesives that meet the
following requirements:
transmission (as much as possible without loss) of the deformations of the test
object to the strain gages
stable behavior across a temperature and strain range which is as wide as possible
strain gage and test object must not be chemically attacked
All adhesive packages from HBM include the adhesive and the accessories (such as
Teflon foil) required for bonding and, in addition, a safety data sheet. Your criteria
for adhesive selection should be:
application temperature
material of the measuring body and recommendations for the relevant strain gage
requirements for long-term stability and reproducibility
surface roughness
o
Hot curing adhesives
Hot curing adhesives can be used where the test object can be brought up to the
curing temperature. This is generally possible in the manufacture of transducers, but
also where installations can be made before machine assembly or where the machine
can be disassembled. Hot curing adhesives meet higher quality demands and can be
used within a greater temperature range than cold curing adhesives.
Z 70
Adhesive Description Suitable SG Pot life

at room temperature (RT)
cold curing single component adhesive

BCY 01 Z 70 Cyanoacrylate optimum: Y, C, LD, LE, V
Order no.: thin liquid residual stress strain gages
1-Z 70 good: K, G
for optional use with Z 70
BCY 01 accelerator for Z 70
X 60
X 60 two component adhesive optimum: Y, C, LD, DA, V 5 minutes
Order no.: Polymethyl Methacrylate residual stress strain gages
1-X 60 pasty, even on absorbent good: K, G, LS
or uneven surfaces
X 280 X 280 two component optimum: Y, C, LD, LE, V 30 minutes

epoxy resin adhesive good: G, K
Order no.: for smooth and absorbent
1-X 280 surfaces
hot curing two component

EP 310 S epoxy resin adhesive optimum: Y, C, K, G, LD, LE 1 month (at RT)
Order no.: thin liquid good: residual stress SG 6 months (at + 2C)
1-EP 310 S 12 months (at 32C)
EP 310 S
EP 250 two component optimum: Y, C, K, G, LD, LE 24 h
Order no.: epoxy resin adhesive good: residual stress SG
1-EP 250 pasty, even on absorbent
surfaces
EP 250

SG accessories bonding material
Cold curing adhesives
Cold curing adhesives are easy to use and can be processed at minimum cost and eff-
ort since they harden under normal ambient conditions. If they feature short curing
times they are also called superglue. The preferred field of application is in experi-
mental stress analysis. However, if the temperature around the measuring point is hig-
her than about 80 C, we recommend to use a hot curing adhesive or a heat resistant,
cold curing epoxy resin adhesive (X280).
Spot weld joints

Spot weld joints are only possible with the special strain gage of type LS 31, and if the
test object is of a weldable material. This method is particularly suitable for applica-
tions where the cleanliness required for bonding cannot be guaranteed. Hardly any pre-
parations are necessary and the installer needs very little previous experience. However,
it is essential to follow the process instructions supplied with the strain gages.
Storage Curing Curing Contact pressure Temperature limits Delivery quantity

time temperature period3) (N/mm2 ) lower upper upper
absolute1) relative2)
6 months 5C 3) 10 minutes thumb pressure 55C + 100C +120C 10 ml

at 15C: 20C 1 minute (temporarily
almost unlimited 30C 0.5 minutes - 70C)
> 1 year 0C 60 minutes thumb pressure 200C + 60C + 80C component

20C 10 minutes A= 0.1 kg
35C 2 minutes B = 80 ml
other quantities
see price list
1 year at + 4C RT . . . 95C 8h...1h 0.05 . . . 2.0 70C + 200C + 280C 6 double

pouches
10 g = 60 g
6 months 95 . . . 205C 5 h . . . 0.5 h 0.1 . . . 0.5 -270C + 260C + 310C component

A = 60 ml
B = 30 ml
1 year 95 . . . 200C 16 h . . . 0.5 h 0.1 . . . 1.5 240C + 250C + 315C 5 double

pouches
10.5 g = 52.5 g
1) zero-point related measurement 2) non zero-point related measurement 3) curing conditions: relative humidily between 30-80%

SG accessories ... strain gage covering agents
The quality of a measuring point with strain gages is not only dependent on the
strain gage itself but mainly on the type of installation and its implementation.
A perfectly functioning measuring point requires a thorough preparation of the
installation surface, careful bonding, correct connection, and a protective covering.
It is therefore important to provide the user with all necessary aids. With its strain
gage accessories, the HBM product range offers everything necessary for a good
strain gage installation.
Strain gage covering agents

In general, it is recommended that strain gages be protected against external effects
such as humidity or mechanical damage since even small fluctuations in the atmos-
pheric humidity affect the measured signal of a strain gage.
Suitable covering agents should have only minimum effects on the measuring point.
Strain gage and test object must not be affected at all. Criteria for selecting the
appropriate covering agent should be:
application temperature,
media surrounding the measuring point.
The following table will help in the selection of a suitable means of measuring point
protection, which for special requirements can also be carried out in several layers.
For instance, it would make sense to apply AK22, with - in extremely humid environ-
ments - additional sealing by ABM 75. Caution: NG150 cannot be combined with
PU120. Please ensure, in the case of multi-layer covering, that the second layer may
only be applied after full curing of the first layer and that it should overlap on all
sides. All HBM covering agents are supplied with a safety data sheet.

ABM 75
SG 250
AK 22
NG 150
PU 120
SL 450
Strain gage Temperature range Package One package Application Curing Storage capability Components
covering agent of resistance contents suffices for approx. method conditions at room
in air in C temperature
AK 22 50 . . . + 170 1 kg 30 strain gages kneading on unlimited viscous, kneadable

viscous putty by hand sticky putty
Order no.: 1-AK 22
ABM 75 196 . . . + 75 11 pcs. 200 strain gages pressing on unlimited 0.05 mm thick
aluminum foil 205 mm x by hand aluminum foil, coated
c/w knead. compound 100 mm with 3 mm thick
Order no.: 1-ABM 75 kneading compound
NG 150 1) 269 . . . + 150 3 bottles 35 strain gages brush air drying max. 1 year one-component
nitrile rubber c/w approx. application at room solvent containing
Order no.: 1-NG 150 25 cm3 each temperature nitrile rubber
SG 250 70 . . . + 250 tube with 20 strain gages tube air drying 6 months transparent
transparent approx. 85 g application at room one-component
silicone rubber temperature solvent free
Order no.: 1-SG 250 silicone rubber
PU 120 1) 40 . . . + 120 3 bottles 250 strain gages brush room temperature 1 year one-component
polyurethane paint c/w approx. application . . . + 100C solvent containing
Order no.: 1-PU 120 30 ml each polyurethane paint
SL 450 50 . . . + 450 3 bottles 90 strain gages brush in temperature 6 months transparent

transparent c/w approx. application steps from solvent containing
silicone resin 25 g each 95C ... 315C silicone resin
Order no.: 1-SL 450
1) Caution: PU120 cannot be combined with NG 150

Chemical resistance of HBM covering agents

Chemical substance AK 22 ABM 75 NG 150 SG 250 PU 120 SL 450
Exposure yes yes yes yes yes yes
Water: yes yes yes yes yes yes

water under pressure (400 bar) yes
condensation yes
tropical climate yes
vapour no
Oils: no no yes yes yes

engine oil (RT/70C) yes
mineral oil (RT/70C) yes
hydraulic oil (RT/70C) yes
Fats yes
Solvents general no conditional conditional no conditional conditional
Fuels: no no yes no
petrol no no yes no
kerosene yes
Aromatic substances/aliphatic mixtures conditional
Aromatic substances: no no conditional no conditional no

benzene no
toluene no no conditional no yes no
xylene no no conditional no conditional no
Chlorinated solvents: no no no no no no
dichloromethane no no no no no no
carbon tetrachloride no
perchloroethylene no
1.2-dichloroethane no
o-dichlorobenzene no
Alcohols: conditional yes conditional conditional conditional1) yes

ethyl alcohol conditional yes conditional conditional conditional yes
methyl glycole no conditional
butyl alcohol conditional conditional
iso-propyl alcohol conditional conditional
ethylene glycole yes
Ketone: conditional conditional no no no conditional

acetone conditional conditional no no no yes
methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) no no no no no conditional
Terpene: conditional
dipenten conditional
turpentine yes
Acids: no conditional2) conditional yes no yes

hydrochloric conc. no conditional yes no yes
sulphuric acid 50 % no yes yes no yes
acetic acid 50 % no no yes no conditional
nitric acid 50 % no no yes no yes
oleic acid conc. yes
lactic acid conc. conditional
air which contains acid yes
Lyes: conditional conditional2) conditional no conditional yes

sodium hydroxide 10 % conditional no no no yes
potassium hydroxide 10 % no
ammonia 28 % conditional
air which contains alkaline yes
Liquified gases (except oxygen) yes
UV resistance yes yes yes yes yes
1) low alcohol
2)
Chemical resistance:
up to 5 % (destruction of aluminum foil)
conditional = conditionally resistant Unless identified specifically, the resistance refers to room temperature. No information can be provided on
(minimum 10 days at RT) long term effects. The data is based on our own experience or was taken from literature. Since the specific
conditions vary with each user, it is recommended individual users carry out their own tests on resistance.
Some covering agents become milky when in contact with some chemicals.

SG accessories ... cleaning agents, aids for bonding and soldering
Cleaning agent RMS 1

Satisfactory bonding joints are only achieved if the adhesive covers the bonded surfa-
ces well. Therefore, the application surfaces must be cleaned prior to bonding with a
chemically pure solvent and a clean cleaning pad. RMS 1 is an environmentally
friendly mixture of Isopropanol and Acetone which dissolves all normal contamination.
One packing unit contains 1 l cleaning agent and 500 cleaning pads.
Order no.: 1-RMS 1
Teflon foil
33 m Teflon foil on reel, suitable for cold curing and hot curing strain gage bonding.
The Teflon foil prevents other material except the strain gage from bonding to the
component.
Thickness: 0.05 mm, width: 60 mm
Order no.: 1-Teflon
Flux pen
Soldering aid in felt pen format helps to achieve perfect small soldering connections.
Suitable for solders with melting points up to 350C. The flux pen contains non-corro-
sive flux without chloride.
Package contents: 5 pcs.
Order no.: 1-FS 01 Flux pen
Polyimide tape
33 m heat resistant tape, 19 mm in width. Suitable for all standard strain gage instal-
lation procedures to ensure safe positioning of the strain gage on the workpiece.
Temperature resistant up to 270C
Order no.: 1-Klebeband
Cleaning pads
Cellulose for cleaning of test objects prior to strain gage installation.
Format 5 cm x 5 cm.
Package contents: 500 pcs.
Order no.: 1-8402.0026
Cleaning agent dispenser

In order to avoid contamination of the solvent in the course of time, we recommend
to use the RSP 120 cleaning agent dispenser.
Order no.: 1-RSP 120
Cleaning agent dispenser
Resin cored solder
Resin cored solder as used in strain gage applications. Soldering wire 0.5 mm
consisting of solder S-SN60Pb38Cu2 with resin core, type F-SW32. The flux is
non-corrosive. Conversion to lead-free solder is scheduled for 2006.
Melting range: 183 to 190 C.
Delivery form: 1 kg on reel
Order no.: 1-Lot

SG accessories ... solder terminals
For strain gages with leads or wires,

LS 2 solder terminals should be installed
between the connecting cables and the
LS4 strain gage itself. This facilitates the
LS 212 perfect soldering joint and provides
strain relief of the strain gage connec-
LS 224
tions. The solder terminals are installed
LS 5 in the same manner as the strain gages
LS 7 onto the test object. HBM offers solder
terminals in different designs and
dimensions.
LS2
Order no. Dimensions (mm) bronze soldering tag on teflon carrier suitable for dynamic loads
attachement to test object: bonding
Soldering tag Carrier Distance Contents per usable up to 180C, for short periods up to 260C
package
a b c d t
1-LS 2 2,5 14 72 20 4 36 pairs
LS7/5/4
Order no. Dimensions (mm) copper, nickel-plated, on polyimide
attachment to test object: bonding
package
a b c d t
1-LS 7 1 3 20 6 2 125 pairs

1-LS 5 1.5 4.5 35 10 2.5 125 pairs
1-LS 4 2.5 6.5 50 13 4 125 pairs
LS212
Order no. Dimensions (mm) copper nickel-plated on polyimide
package
a b c d t
1-LS 212 3.7 6 47.5 8 1 125 pairs
LS224
Order no. Dimensions (mm) copper nickel-plated on polyimide
package
a b c d t
1-LS 224 6.5 6 45 8 1 75 pairs

SG accessories ... cables and stranded wires
PVC ribbon cable

PVC insulated ribbon cable consisting of six leads each with a cross section of
0.14 mm2, 50 m per reel, resistance 0.131 /m.
Order no.: 1-3133.0034
Paint insulated copper wire

Polyurethane-insulated copper wire with a cross section of 0.04 mm2, 25 m in length.
Order no.: 1-CULD01
Jumper wire
Teflon insulated jumper wire with a cross section of 0.05 mm2, yellow, 100 m per reel,
resistance 0.34 /m.
Order no.: 1-3130.0239-G
Very flexible stranded wire

For internal, exposed wiring of transducers; cross section of 0.04 mm2 (multi-wire)
and 0.6 mm outer diameter, resistance 0.417 /m, permissible temperature +70C,
25 m per reel, PVC insulation.
Order no. 1-SLI 01
Flexible stranded wire

Teflon-insulated flexible stranded wire with a cross section of 0.24 mm2 (multi-wire)
and an outside diameter of 0.9 mm, 100 m per reel, resistance 0.0741 /m.
blue Order no.: 1-3301.0092-B
green Order no.: 1-3301.0091-Gr
white Order no.: 1-3301.0094-W
black Order no.: 1-3301.0088-S
red Order no.: 1-3301.0089-R
Designation Insulation Thermal resistance Chemical resistance Typical application
Flexible stranded wire Teflon 200 . . . + 260 C resistant against nearly all for internal connection of
1-3301.0088-S chemicals. strain gage bridges or for
1-3301.0089-R except: contacting from strain gage
1-3301.0091-Gr elementary fluoride, chlorine through to solder terminal
1-3301.0092-B trifluoride, molten alkali metals
1-3301.0094-W
Jumper wire Teflon 200 . . . + 260 C see flexible stranded wire see flexible stranded wire
1-3130.0239-G
Very flexible PVC short period 105 C non resistant against: for internal connection of the
stranded wire permanent ...70 C ester, chlorinated hydrocarbons, strain gages in the transducer
1-SLI 01 ketone, aromatic hydrocarbons,
benzene, liquid halogens,
nitric acid conc., depending on the
softener used, also aqueous solutions
PVC ribbon cable PVC short period 105 C see very flexible stranded wire see very flexible stranded wire
1-3133.0034 permanent ...90 C
Paint insulated Polyurethane short period 120 C non resistant against: for internal connection of the
copper wire permanent -40...80 C strong acids, strong lyes, strain gages in the transducer
1-CULD 01 alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons,
saturated vapor, hot water

SG accessories ... cable and stranded wire
Type Kab4.1/00-3 Kab5/00-4 Kab8/00-4 Kab7/00-4

Shielded Kab9/00-4
Notes Inexpensive cable for con- Low-capacitance, therefore Very low-capacitance cable Wide temperature range See KAB7/00-4, however,
nection of 1/4 bridges in also suitable for CF ampli- with low line resistances, and good chemical with lower line resistance,
three-wire circuit fiers and longer distances. therefore suitable for long resistance. If CF amplifiers therefore, wider range if
(CF 600 Hz < 50 m; Very thin, predestined for distances are used, the usable cable low-frequency CF amplifiers
CF 4.8 kHz <20 m) geometrically critical length is reduced or DC amplifiers are used
circumstances (CF 600 Hz < 50 m;
CF 4.8 kHz <20 m)
Sheath color gray gray gray gray gray
No. of cores 3 4 4 4 4
Outside diameter [mm] 4.1 5 8 6.5 8.8
Core cross section [mm] 0.14 0.17 0.26 0.5 1.25
Insulation material (core) PVC PE PE Teflon Teflon
Sheath material PVC PVC PVC silicone silicone
Resistance [/m] 0.130 0.106 0.075 0.040 0.014
Insulation resistance (core-

core) [/m] 1012 1012 1012 1012 1012
Capacitance (core-core) [pF/m] 110 80 67 140 140
Capacitance (core-shield)
[pF/m] 110 80 67 140 140
Temperature range [C] -20....80 -35....80 -35....80 -50...180 -50...180
1/4-bridges in 3-wire circuit,

half bridges without sensing x x x x x
lead connected
1/4-bridges in 4-wire circuit,

full bridges without sensing x x x x x
lead connected
Half bridges; full bridges with

sensing lead connected
Order no. 4-3131.0017 4-3133.0002 4-3133.0023 4-3131.0048 4-3131.0012
Minimum order quantity: 10 m For more information please refer to our Price List (load cells, transducers, amplifiers,
data acquisition and software)

SG accessories ... cable and stranded wire
cable
Kab5.4/00-6 Kab6.5/00-6-TPE Kab6.5/00-6-SIL Kab4.2/00-6-PUR Kab8/00-2/2/2 Kab8/00-2/2/2 SIC
Inexpensive 6-wire cable See Kab5.4/00-6, however, Chemically resistant cable Special cable for use in Quad-shielded cable See Kab8/00-2/2/2,
for uncritical applications with extended temperature with extended temperature the soil (CF 600 Hz < 50 m; twisted in pairs, also however, better chemical
(CF 600 Hz < 50 m; range range. CF 4.8 kHz <20 m) suitable for longer resistance
CF 4.8 kHz <20 m) Reduced capacitance and distances and higher-
low resistance, therefore, frequency CF amplifiers
suitable for longer distances
gray gray gray black gray gray
6 6 6 6 6 6
5.4 6.5 6.5 4.2 7.5 7.5
0.14 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.14 0.14
PE TPE Teflon TPE PE PE
PVC TPE silicone PUR PVC silicone
130 77 80 ca. 120 138 138
1012 1012 1012 1012 1012 1012
82 100 100 95 75 75
82 100 100 140 130 130
-30...85 -50....120 -50....180 -50....125 -30....70 -30.....70
x x x x x x
4-3131.0071 4-3301.0115 4-3301.0108 4-3301.0151 4-3301.0071 4-3301.0169

SG accessories ... bridge completion, resistance meter
Bridge completions
Bridge completion resistors are connected to the strain gages of a measuring point
to form the Wheatstone bridge circuit. In accordance with the nominal strain gage
resistances, HBM offers different resistance values.
2 x 120 , Order no.: 3-3054.0334
2 x 350 , Order no.: 3-3054.0282
TO 3 resistance meter
The TO 3 is an electronic measuring unit (ohmmeter and megohmmeter) for determi-
ning resistances within the range of 0 to 50 G . This pocket megohmmeter has been
designed, and is particularly suitable, for fast checking of the insulation resistance of
strain gage installations and strain gage resistances in the field and in service.
It features a total of 16 measuring ranges for insulation resistance and throughput
measurements. Four self-adjusting measuring voltages (50 V, 25 V, 10 V, and 2.5 V)
enable adaptation to the measuring task in hand and prevent any possible destruction
of a specimen by a test voltage which is too high. The megohmmeter is accommoda-
ted in a solid plastic housing complete with carrying handle, and it is supplied with a
protective bag and two measuring cables.
Order no.: 1-TO3
Specifications TO 3 resistance meter

measuring range M 0 50,000
number of measuring ranges 16
minimum resistance that can be read off 20
measuring voltages V 2.5; 10; 25 and 50, dep. on measuring range
open circuit voltage 1.1 x UN max.
display analog display with mirror scale, scale length 110 mm
application position horizontal
accuracy class 2.5 (IEC publication 51)
adjustment time, max. s 4
operating temperature range C 0...+40 (30% up to 60% rel. humidity)
temperature error %/10K 1.5
batteries 6 pcs. 1.5 V, rod batteries (type IEC LR 14)
number of measurements approx. 2,000 with a single battery set
protection class per EN 60529 (IEC 529) IP 50 (measuring mechanism), IP 20 (other parts)
safety EN 61010-1 class 2, (tested at 1 kV AC / 1 min.)
conformity (CE mark) EN 45014, EN 50081-1, EN 50082-1, EN 61010-1, IEC 51, IEC 529, VDE 0410
housing plastic, impact resistant, with carrier strap
dimensions mm 205 x 128 x 100
weight, approx. kg 1

SG accessories ... installation case
DAK 1 strain gage starter kit

The DAK1 starter kit is convenient to use, contains the equipment needed for installing
strain gages for the first time and provides an easy introduction to strain gage techno-
logy. The specialized book by Karl Hoffmann, an experienced specialist in strain gage
technology, provides comprehensive know-how both on the installation and wiring of
strain gages and on the evaluation of measured values.
For the first pratical steps it includes:
strain gages,
Contents of DAK 1
solder terminals,
10 LY11-6/120A SG
cleaning agents and cleaning pads, 1 Z 70
1 X 60
emery cloth,
1 AK 22
the cold curing adhesives X60 and Z70, 1 ABM 75
stranded connection wires, Solder terminals
Stranded connection wire
2 agents for measuring point protection: AK22 and ABM75 Emery cloth
RMS 1
Cleaning pads
Because DAK1 has been used in company-internal strain gage Solder
and instrumentation seminars for many years, the contents of 1 Specialized book
An Introduction to
this kit has been constantly optimized. Measurements using
Order no.: 1-DAK1 Strain Gages
1 Petri dish
DAK 2 strain gage installation case

The DAK 2 strain gage installation case contains all tools and aids required for strain
gage installations. It is portable and lockable. In the bottom part of the DAK 2 there
is empty space for various adhesives and other uses, below the removable insert.
Dimensions: 470 x 170 x 360 mm
Weight: approx. 6 kg
(incl. standard scope of delivery)
Order no.: 1-DAK 2
Contents of DAK 2
1 Ersa soldering iron (16 W) 1 Petri dish 60/15
1 flat brush 1 scalpel holder,
1 folding magnifying glass plus 6 blades
(6 times) 10 m ribbon cable
1 graduated ruler, 150 mm 6 x 0.14 mm2,
1 glass fiber erasing brush, multi-colored
plus 1 spare brush 25 g solder diameter 1 mm
1 pair of scissors, toothed 1 lux pen
1 pair of pointed scissors 1 roll of Scotch tape
1 wide pair of tweezers 1 rubber
1 pointed pair of tweezers 1 HBM pen
1 flexible ruler, 300 mm 1 each sheet of corundum cloth
1 dental probe with bent tip grain size 180/220/360
1 cement spatula 100 cm3 cleaning agent RMS 1
1 cutting pliers with wire 200 cleaning pads
strippers 50 x 50 mm

HBM-software ... for stress analysis
HBM-software
With its catman family HBM provides the complete measurement chain
the complete solution from strain gages right through to the software.
The amplifier is set up by simply assigning the strain gage or sensor from the
sensor database.
Already during the measurement, the comprehensive mathematics library

enables strain gage rosettes to be analyzed online.
catmanEnterprise
Comfortable configuration of
catmanProfessional up to 10,000 channels
catmanEasy The complete solution for mea- Client/server architecture for
surement, visualization, analysis distributed data access over a
Easy data acquisition software network
and documentation
Quick results thanks to modern and Online data distribution to several
intuitive user interface Free definition of individual interfaces
client PCs
for visualization and reports
Library for experimental stress Comprehensive trigger functions
analysis Mathematical analysis (signal
(e.g. reference curve or limit trigger)
analysis, statistics, etc.)
Graphical data analysis with optional Complete measurement run reported
export of curves (e.g. Word) Automation of individual measure-
in a log file
ment sequences
catman
Data export in commonly used Automatic check of all strain gage
formats (Excel, ASCII, DIAdem) Development of your own applica-
measuring points
tions using catman Script
Trend analysis
Open ActiveX interface

... for stress analysis
-family
HBM amplifiers used in stress analysis
MGCplus
Modular computer-controllable measuring amplifier system for universal applications
stand-alone amplifier modules for all standard measurement quantities

different computer interfaces (RS232, Ethernet, USB, CANbus, ProfibusDP)
parallel synchronous data aquisition of up to 128 channels per device
sampling rate of up to 19,200 measured values / sec. / channel
24 bit resolution
can be operated manually via operating panel or computer
stand-alone data acquisition on PC-Card hard disk
proven HBM technology also with 8-channel modules
quarter, half- and full bridge connection
patented transducer identification technology, T-ID and TEDS
MGCplus
amplifier
system from
HBM
CANHEAD
Amplifier module for installation close to the measuring point and for data transfer
via standard CANbus system. A maximum of 10 strain gages per CANHEAD amplifier
module and up to 12 CANHEADs can be connected to one CANbus line. Installation
costs can be reduced by a ratio of 10:1.
CANHEAD includes two

components:
Strain gages in 3-wire circuit
intelligent base module for
strain gage wiring
Connection Connection Connection
MGCplus (ML74) module module module amplifier module for the
CANHEAD
amplifying and processing
CANHEAD CANHEAD
of measured signals
CANbus + power supply

HBM amplifiers used in stress analysis
Spider8 and Spider8-30
PC measurement electronics with 4 carrier frequency amplifiers. Spider8 can be
retrofitted with SR55 (4.8 kH) and SR01 (DC module), Spider 8-30 can be retrofitted
with SR30 (600 Hz) and SR01 (max. 8 channels per device).
Voltage supply via power pack or 10 16 V/DC

Sensor supply, signal adaptation, A/D conversion, digital filter and computer
interface in EMC tested housing
High sampling rate at 16 bit resolution
Parallel and serial interface for parameterization of the device and data acquisition.
Connection, for example, via parallel printer port of the computer; optionally via
USB adaptor.
No PC interference required
8 devices can be cascaded via parallel interfaces
Can be combined with laptop computer for mobile applications
Scout55
Single channel universal amplifier with carrier frequency 4.8 kHz for strain gage half-
and full bridges, inductive half- and full bridges, LVDT, piezo-resistive and potentiome-
tric transducers
Serial interface signal output and full

parameterization
Interactive control via LCD display
T-ID
In experimental stress analysis with large numbers of measuring points, strain gages
are identified using T-ID modules. An unambiguous, 64-bit-long identification number
written on the T-ID module in a non-erasable format is read off through the same
cable connections that are also used for transmission of the analog measurement sig-
nals. Thanks to the patented wiring technique, the additional digital information pro-
cessing does not affect the highly sensitive and precise analog measurement signal.
Similar to the solder terminals, T-ID modules can be located in the direct vicinity of
the strain gage. HBM software enables alias names to be assigned to the identification
numbers and LEDs on the T-ID modules to be driven which facilitates locating of in
dividual strain gages.

Literature, teaching pack, seminars, CD ROM
Literature, teaching pack,
Specialized book
An Introduction to Measurements Using Strain Gages.
A practical introduction into this specialist area of measurement technology with a
focus on how to avoid or correct measuring errors.
Order no. 1-Hoffm. Buch-D (German)
1-Hoffm. Buch-E (English)
Strain gage teaching pack

The strain gage teaching pack provides a multimedia introduction to the installation of
strain gages. The film explains the competent installation of strain gages by means of
cold curing and hot curing adhesives.
In addition, the tips and tricks shown can be read in the manuscript and in the specia-
lized book An Introduction to Measurements Using Strain Gages.
Order no.: 1-DMS-Lernpaket
Seminars
Learning by rote is not our style. HBM offers you practical basic and advanced training
in the field of the electrical measurement of mechanical quantities. By means of
hands-on lectures, the basics will first be explained and demonstrated, and then used
in practice in subsequent training courses. Theory and practice sessions alternate seve-
ral times during the course of the seminar, in order to discuss and clarify questions -
which usually first occur in practical application sessions - in the next theory block.
Our concept offers the right seminar for everybody ranging from the free one-day
lecture through workshops up to 1-week seminars.

seminars, CD ROM
DK
Basics of strain gage bonding and measuring technology
Target group: Specialist personnel, master tradesmen or engineers who want to imple-
ment strain gage installations independently and under their own responsibility.
DM
Strain gage measuring technology in the manufacture of transducers and in experi-
mental stress analysis
Target group: Users from all specialist disciplines who want to carry out measurements
by means of strain gages.
For more detailed information on our seminars on HBM device technology and soft-
ware and all seminar dates, please visit our homepage at www.hbm.com. Or request
our seminar program from seminare@hbm.com.
It is of course possible to implement all seminars that are offered in our seminar
center at Darmstadt directly on your own premises. On request, we will modify our
seminars in order to enable us to offer a target-oriented basic and advanced training.
DMSdirekt CD/SGdirect CD
Electronic order catalog and manual for strain gages
The CD-ROM DMSdirekt is to make it as easy as possible for you to apply and order
strain gages. The CD-ROM DMSdirekt contains:
help and assistance with regard to strain gage selection,
installation notes,
tips and tricks in strain gage handling,

the option to generate a legally binding strain gage quotation for yourself
as well as to print out the appropriate order

film The correct installation of strain gages using our
Z70 superglue.
To request your free DMSdirekt CD/SGdirect CD,

please e-mail to info@hbm.com

SG installation service ... service for you from us
Benefit from our more than 50 years experience in applications
We provide you with the below services:

Strain gage installation
- Planning support
- Installation of strain gages, additional sensors and amplifiers
- Taking and logging of measurements
Special transducers
- Applications engineers design and develop special transducers in
cooperation with you, these are built, applied and tested at HBM
Measuring machine parts

- Machine parts are fitted with strain gages and thus become
transducers adapted to your measurement task
Commissioning of HBM measuring equipment
Customized adapted system solutions for data acquisition and processing
System calibrations including calibration certificate

At your premises
our experienced service engineers ...
Come
Consult
Install
Measure
Calibrate
or, at our factory in Darmstadt
Contact us:
Strain gage installation service

For on-site installations:
Tel. : +49 (0) 80 00 18 23 88
E-mail to service@hbm.com
For installation at the factory:

E-mail to: specialsensors@hbm.com
Calibration laboratory
Darmstadt calibration laboratory: Tel. 06151/803-436
Local service number: Tel. +49 (0) 80 00 18 23 88
E-mail to: dkdcal@hbm.de

Strain Gages
and Accessories

www.hbm.com
Strain Gages
and Accessories

www.hbm.com
List of Representatives (The current List of Representatives is also available on the Internet at http://www.hbm.com/Representatives )
Dresden office: Wrzburger Str.35, D-01187 Dresden
Tel. (0351) 4 70 06 21, Fax (0351) 4 70 06 22
Dsseldorf office: Hauptstrae 13, D-40699 Erkrath
Tel. (02104) 93 56 01, Fax (02104) 93 56 11
Romania: Spectromas Srl
Office Bukarest: Str. Horia Macelariu nr. 18, Bl.20/1A, Sc.C,
Parter, Ap.30, RO-013936 Bucuresti, Sector 1
Tel. (+40) 21 2325791, Fax (+40) 21 2325131
P.O. Box 262; Sidi Gaber, El Horia Avenue behind 330
Sidi Gaber Alexandria
Tel. (+203) 542 5609, Fax (+203) 546 5412
e-mail: ebtehalf@aast.edu
Strain Gages
Frankfurt office: Im Tiefen See 45,
D-64293 Darmstadt
Tel. (06151) 803-161, Fax (06151) 803-184
e-mail: info@spectromas.ro
Office Cluj-Napoca: Dipl. Eng. Dragos Muntean
Str. Donath 17, Bloc M2, Scara 2, Ap. 14 RO-3400 Cluj-Napoca
Hong Kong: refer to China
India: IPS, Integrated Process Systems, 9 MP Avenue,
Santhome, Chennai-600 004
and Accessories

Croatia: refer to Slowenia Reprovgen 6, S-183 77 Tby, Morocco: Auterep S.A.R.L., 8 Bis, Rue Neufchatel - Belvdre,
e-mail: meta@ath.forthnet.gr Yugoslavia and Macedonia: TRCpro, Preradoviceva 31, Taiwan: Liu-Weight Enterprise Inc., General Manager Tony Liu,
Tel. (+66) 2 9461735 7, Fax (+66) 2 8410039
Tel. (+216) 71 25 66 96, Fax (+216) 71 33 27 06
Tel. +1-800-578-4260 / +1-508-624-4500,
Fax +1-508-485-7480
Tel. (+58) 212 2729756, Fax (+58) 212 2713270
Vietnam: **Thuan Quoc Jsc.,53 Lac TrungHai Ba Trung, Hanoi,
Tel. (+84) 4 7762744, Fax (+84) 4 7762745

form only. They are not to be unterstood as Im Tiefen See 45, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany www.hbm.com
S 1265-1.0 en

Email: info@hbm.com

Strain Gauges Datasheet

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List of Representatives (The current List of Representatives is also available on the Internet at http://www.hbm.

measurement with confidence

Modifications reserved. Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

express warranty and do not constitute any Tel.: +49 6151-803-0

Modifications reserved. Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Y, V, C, G and K series strain gages

4 Strain Gages and Accessories

Special strain gages, MTS 3000

Strain gage accessories

Strain gage installation service

Strain Gages and Accessories 5

the right connection for everyone

integrated solder tabs

From the simple standard strain gage

HBM provides you with a choice of

Request our catalog at www.hbm.com/dms

6 Strain Gages and Accessories

DY4x... XY3x... XY10x...

Double SG with T rosette with T rosette with big

RY10x... VY4x... RY61...

0/45/90 rosette Full bridge (Poisson 0/45/90

Strain Gages and Accessories 7

8 Strain Gages and Accessories

Strain gages in the

Strain gages in the

SG bridge with integrated

Strain Gages and Accessories 9

1) Using the Wheatstone Bridge Circuit (free brochure)

Strain gage series

Strain gage resistance

10 Strain Gages and Accessories

no lacking space? yes

measure strain yes

select measuring grid

C series V series Y series G series K series

Strain Gages and Accessories 11

Integrated solder tabs, e.g. LY41

Big solder tabs with strain relief, e.g. LY61

nearly full mechanical decoupling of solder tabs and strain gages

Leads: Ni-plated copper leads; uninsulated; 30 mm long, e.g. LY11

for full mechanical decoupling of cables and strain gage

use of separate solder terminals directly on the strain gage required

Teflon-insulated connection wires (40 mm long), e.g. K-LY41

Teflon insulation prevents the cable from sticking during installation

no soldering on the measuring point required at all

12 Strain Gages and Accessories

Strain gage resistance

Gage factor (strain sensitivity)

Temperature coefficient of the gage factor

Strain Gages and Accessories 13

Schematic diagram of the transverse sensitivity of a

14 Strain Gages and Accessories

Temperature response in a 1/4-bridge circuit

However, it is possible to adjust a strain gage to the thermal expansion coefficient of a

1 for ferritic steel with =10.8 10-6/K

Strain Gages and Accessories 15

16 Strain Gages and Accessories

Example diagram of the fatigue

Alternative bonding materials

Strain Gages and Accessories 17

and for the 0/60/120 rosette:

18 Strain Gages and Accessories

Then the angle should be determined using the below scheme:

Strain Gages and Accessories 19