Copyright may subsist in creative
The 21 subjects are listed
and artistic works (e.g., books, movies,
music, paintings, photographs, and
software) and give a copyright holder
the exclusive right to control repro-
duction or adaptation of such works
for a certain period of time (histori-
cally a period of between 10 and 30
years depending on jurisdiction, more
recently the life of the author plus
several decades). A patent may be
granted for a new, useful, and non-
obvious invention and gives the
patent holder a right to prevent
others from practising the invention
without a license from the inventor
for a certain period of time (typically
20 years from the filing date of a
patent application). A trademark is a
distinctive sign which is used to
distinguish between the products or
services of different businesses. An
industrial design right protects the
form of appearance, style or design of
an industrial object (e.g., spare parts,
furniture, or textiles). A trade secret
(which is sometimes either equated
with, or a subset of, confidential
information) is secret, non-public
information concerning the commer-
cial practices or proprietary know-
ledge of a business, public disclosure
of which may sometimes be illegal.
Patents, trademarks, and designs
rights are sometimes collectively
known as industrial property, as
they are typically created and used
for industrial or commercial pur-
poses. The importance of intellectual
property in India is well established
at all levels-statutory, administrative
and judicial.
Q. 11. Answer any two of the
following (in about 125 words
each)
(a) Explain full convertibility of
Indian Rupee.
(b) What are the linkages to be
developed under the knowledge
Revolution for Rural India Plan ?
(c) What do we understand by
the Doha Round of talks ?
Ans. (a) The full convertibility
of the Indian currency means that
the rupee would be made freely
exchangeable into other currencies
and vice versa. The Indian rupee is
only partially convertible and India
has in the past set out benchmarks for
full capital account convertibility,
including levels of fiscal deficit and
PD/August/2007/290
foreign exchange reserves, inflation
and non-performing assets of banks.
Reserve Bank of India has appointed
a committee to prepare a compre-
hensive framework for full conver-
tibility. The six-member committee
headed by S. S. Tarapore, former
Deputy Governor of RBI who had
also headed the earlier committee on
full convertibility. Other members of
the committee are Surjit Bhalla, M G
Bhide, A V Rajwade, Ajit Ranade and
former NSE Chief R. H. Patil.The
committee would examine impli-
cations of fuller capital account con-
vertibility on monetary and exchange
rate management, financial markets
and financial systems. It would also
study the implications of dollar-
isation in India of domestic assets and
liabilities and internationalisation of
the Indian rupee.
(b) Like the industrial revolution,
the knowledge revolution is reorder-
ing the ways that people relate to one
another and to work. It is a Rural
Indian Plan. India is well on its way
to becoming a knowledge society
with all-round growth in sectors of
the economy like agriculture, manu-
facturing and services. Today we
have an opportunity to take the
leadership in the knowledge revolu-
tion. Knowledge revolution is indeed
the foundation for making India a
developed nation. The time is ripe for
this because of the ascending trajec-
tory of the economy, availability of
great institutions for capacity build-
ing of human resource, abundant bio-
diversity and other natural resources,
and above all, 540 million youth
determined to make the nation pros-
perous, happy and a safe place to live
not only benefit women and girls as
well before 2020, he remarked. With
this background, India is taking the
lead in mobilising and integrating
national and international knowledge
resources with rural India.
(c) The Fourth WTO Ministerial
Conference was held in Doha, Qatar
from November 9 to 14, 2001. It pro-
vides the mandate for negotiations on
a range of subjects, and other work
including issues concerning the
implementation of the present agree-
ments. The negotiations take place in
the Trade Negotiations Committee
and its subsidiaries. Other work
under the work programme takes
place in other WTO Councils and
Committees.
in the Doha Declaration (and the
paragraphs that refer to them). Most
of these involve negotiations; other
work includes actions under imple-
mentation, analysis and monitoring.
In Doha this important question was
handled in two ways. First, ministers
agreed to adopt around 50 decisions
clarifying the obligations of deve-
loping country member governments
with respect to issues including
agriculture, subsidies, textiles and
clothing, technical barriers to trade,
trade-related investment measures
and rules of origin. Agreement on
these points required hard bargaining
between negotiators over the course
of nearly three years.
Q. 12. Answer any two of the
following questions (in about 125
words each)
(a) Explain the Social constraints
in bringing about gender equality in
Indian Society
(b) What are the problem rela-
ted to rehabilitation of the mentally
challenged persons in India ?
(c) Bring out the issues invol-
ved in implementing compulsory
primary education in India.
Ans. (a) The shift from a focus on
women to the perspective of gender
relations created the opportunity to
give increased attention to men and
boys. Over the years a stronger focus
has developed on the positive role
men and boys can and do play in
promoting women's empowerment in
the home, the community, the labour
market and the workplace. There is
an increasing recognition that a focus
on the role of men and boys in the
achievement of gender equality will
well as men and boys, but can
contribute effectively to the achieve-
ment of human rights, the promotion
of democracy, poverty eradication,
economic justice and other develop-
ment goals. In particular it has been
emphasized that attention to men and
boys can make a major contribution
to the fight against HIV/AIDS;
indeed without the active involve-
ment of men and boys it will be
difficult, if not impossible, to achieve
the international goals on HIV/AIDS.
(b) The home is not meant for
mentally retarded but for mentally ill.
It is a kind of transit home where the
mentally challenged are admitted.