Kiwoso Dictionary PDF

Bantu Vocabulary Series 14
KlW*Q3p VOCABULARY
. ; Ry0h0i KAGAYA & |ogati\)LOiyil
yi/i Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA) 2006
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2013
http://archive.org/details/kiwosovocabularyOOkaga
A KIW'OSO VOCABULARY
(c) Ryohei Kagaya and Rogati Olomi, March, 2006

All rights reserved
Research Institute for Languages anc Cultures

of Asia and Africa (ILCAA)
Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
3-11-1 Asahi-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8534
Japan
Printed by Tokyo Press Co., Ltd. Tokyo
ISBN 4-87297-933-8
Ryohei KAGAYA
and
Rogati OLOMI
CONTENTS
Preface i
Note of the Kiw'oso Language ii
How to Use ix
Abbreviations Used in Text ix
Kiw'oso-English-Japanese 1
English Index 247

Classified Vocabulary Index 317
Illustrations 401
PREFACE
The Kiw'oso [kiftoso] language is one of the Bantu languages and spoken in the
Moshi District, Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania, which is located about 20km north to Moshi town.
This language is said to be one of the Vunjo languages. Guthrie classified this Vunjo into the
Chaga group called E60, together with Rwo (Meru), Hai (Chaga, Moshi, Machame), Rombo, Rusa,
Kahe and Gweno (Guthrie, 1971).
According to Mr. Rogati Olomi, who is a coauthor and an informant of this study, so-
called Chaga languages are classified into three major groups: Hai (Sanya, Mosama, Machame
Mkuu and Lyamungo), Vunjo (Wunjo) and Rombo. The Vunjo group is further classified into
Kiw'oso, Uru and Vunjo (Marangu, Kilema and old Moshi). The Kiw'oso consists of Umbwe,
Mango and Kilema, and Mr. Olomi is from Umbwe. When he was a child, he thought his
language was different from the Hai or the Vunjo language.
The Kiw'oso is sometimes written in Kiwoso or Kibosho. In this text, Kiw'oso is
used for the convenience of writing system.
The informant in this study is Mr. Rogati Olomi, who was born in 1958 in Kifuni
Village, Kiw'oso Ward, Moshi District. He spent 15 years in the village, and moved to Tanga,
facing Indian Ocean, for higher education. He spent 4 years there. After that, he spent mainly
in Dares Salaam including his student days of University of Dares Salaam, except 1981 in Kigoma
for National Service, 1982 in Selous National Park and 1986 in Kigoma. The main data of this
study were collected during this era, from 1987 to 1988, in Dar es Salaam. Since 1989, he has
been staying in Mlandizi, about 80 km west to Dar es Salaam. Supplement data were collected
in November, 2005 in Moshi.. He can speak Swahili and English besides his mother tongue
Kiw'oso. His parents are Kiw'oso people. His wife is also from Kiw'oso. All illustrations
in this text were drawn by him.
I would like to express my deepest appreciation to Professor Daniel Mkude, the late
Professor Ruth M. Besha, and all the scholars and staff of the Department of Kiswahili, University
of Dar es Salaam for their kind assistance and support.
Since this research was conducted in a short period of time, both data and analysis are
incomplete, and there may be errors in my hearing and analysis. All mistakes are mine.
However I hope that this book will contribute to the linguistic study of the Kiw'oso language.
Ryohei Kagaya (March 2006)

NOTE OF THE KIW'OSO LANGUAGE
1 . Phonemes:
Vowels found in this language are as follows:
short vowels / i, e, a, o, u /
long vowels / ii, ee, aa, oo, uu /
Consonants found in this language are shown in Table
Table 1: Consonants
Labial Labio-dental Dental Palatal Velar
Plosives (p),b[b] t, d k,(g)
Affricates ch,j
Tap r'[f]
Retro flex r[r]
Approximants w [w] 1
y
Nasals m n ny[ji] ngh [ i] ]
Syllabic Nasals m' n' ng' [ r) ]
Fricatives w'[p] f s sh
Prenasalized Plosives (mp), mb nt, nd nch, nj nk, ng
Prenasalized Fricatives nv ns, nz
Guthrie describes that proto [b] basically shifts to [P] in the modern Chaga language.
However, both [b] and [j3] are found in many words pronounced by Mr. R. Olomi. This may be
an influence by Swahili that spreads over Tanzania as a national language. The [b] appears
before all vowels. On the other hand, [p] appears mainly before vowels HI or Id, rarely before /o/
or /u/ and not before /a/. Furthermore, [w] appears mainly before /a/, /o/ or /u/, and rarely before
l\l or Id.
According to Guthrie, proto Id/ or /g/ shifts to non-voiced plosives. But /d/ is found
in our data like / 1-dawa/ (banana leaf) or /miida/ (water). The Id/ corresponds to N in Swahili in
some words, like /kiadu/ vs. /kiatu/ (shoe). The /g/ is found in loan words only, e.g., /n'-guo/ (or
/n'-gwo/) (clothes,) borrowed from Swahili /nguo/. Phonemes found in loan words are shown in
parentheses.
As rhotics, a tap If I [f] and a retroflex Ixl [u] are found, and the retroflex is often
pronounced with apical vibrations, i.e., retroflex trill. Guthrie describes the uvular fricative // in
Vunjo, but the sound was not found in our data.
In addition to the above, there are many palatalized and velarized consonants. The
former is shown by "Cy" and the latter by "Cw" in this text. It is noted that palatalized lateral /ly/
before IV, Id or lol is often pronounced with lateral fricative. The syllabic nasal is also found,
which takes the same place of articulation with the immediately following consonant. This is
described as /NY (or /mV or Ml in some cases) in this text.
2. Noun Classes
Except so-called noun classes on places (i.e., classes 16, 17 and 18, see Guthrie, 1971
or Welmers, 1973), nouns of this language are classified into 11 classes, according to grammatical
gender and number. A noun consists of "prefix - stem," and the sound pattern of the prefix is
useful for identifying the noun class in most Bantu languages. However, many nouns of this
language have no prefix. Furthermore, there are many nouns whose singular form and plural
form have no prefix. These nouns without prefix are called zero prefix nouns or null prefix
nouns in text. For these nouns, the class is identified by prefixes of noun modifiers or stems of
noun modifiers that modify the noun in question. Some examples of noun modifiers, "good" and
"this", are shown in Table 2, where noun modifiers are expressed in 'noun + prefix-"cha" (stem of
"good")' and in 'noun + prefix "e"-stem of "this/these"'. In these examples, noun classes are
identified by prefixes of "good" or stems of "this/these". In text, the modifier "this/these" is
shown in some nouns. Zero prefix nouns belong to the noun class 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
Table 2 : Noun classes and examples of some prefixes of the noun modifier
Noun Noun Examples of Meaning good - this - / these -
Class Pf nouns
1 mu- mu-na *1 child mu-na n'-cha *4 mu-na e-tu
la N'- A'-ndu person n'-ndu n'-cha *4 ri'-ndu e-tu
lb zero- -mbuya friend -mbuya n'-cha -mbuya e-tu
lc zero- -mangi chief -mangi n'-cha -mangi e-tu
2 wawa-na, children, wa-na wa-cha wa-na e-wa,

wa-ndu persons, wa-ndu wa-cha wa-ndu e-wa
wa-mangi chiefs wa-mangi wa-cha wa-mangi e-wa
2a zero- -mbuya friends -mbuya n'-cha -mbuya e-tu
3 N'- ri'-ji tree ri'-ji n'-cha *4 ri'-ji e-tu
3a zero- -muda, water, -muda n'-cha *4 -muda e-tu,
111
-unga flour -unga n'-cha *4 -unga n'-cha e-tu
4 mi- mi-ji trees mi-ji mi-cha mi-ji e-yi
5 ri- ri-so eye ri-so lyi-cha ri-so e-lyi
5a i- i-du ear i-du lyi-cha i-du e-lyi
5b zero- -rina name -rina lyi-cha -rina e-lyi
6 ma- mi-so *2 eyes mi-so ma-cha, mi-so e-wa,
ma-du sandals, ma-du ma-cha, ma-du e-wa

words ma-rina ma-cha ma-rina e-wa
7 ki- kl-ndo thing ki-ndo ki-cha ki-ndo e-ki
7a zero- -kana mouth -kana ki-cha -kana e-ki
8 shi- shl-ndo things shi-ndo shi-cha shi-ndo e-shi
8a zero- -kana mouths -kana shi-cha -kana e-shi
9 N'- ri'-guo cloth n'-guo ii-ngi-cha n'-guo e-yi
9a zero- -limbe cattle -limbe ngi-cha *5 -umbe e-yi
10 N'- n'-guo (=sg) clothes ri'-guo ngi-cha *6 ri'-guo e-ti
10a zero- -umbe (pi) cattle -limbe tii-ngi-cha -limbe e-ti
10b ngi- ngyiiu-rika *3 countries ngyiiu-rika ngi-cha *6 ngyiiu-rika e-ti
11 u- li-dende, leg, li-rika lu-cha li-rika e-lu
u-rika country
*1. "mo-na" is also allowed. *2. "mi-so < ma-iso" (?) *3. "ngyoo-rika" is also allowed. *4. "mu-
cha" is also allowed. *5. "ii-ngi-cha" is also allowed. *6. "tii-ngi-cha" is also allowed.
In the above, /NY sometimes changes to non-syllabic nasal before a consonant and it is
pronounced as a prenasalized consonant.
In Table 3a, the subject prefix (Sp) and the object prefix (Op) of each noun class are
shown. In Table 3b, some of other noun modifiers are shown.
Table 3a: Subject marker, Object marker
Noun Class Noun Prefix Subj. Obj. Relative Relative
Prefix Prefix Subj. Prefix Obj. Prefix
1, la, lb mu-, N'- , zero- na-, a- -n na-, a- -n
2,2a wa, zero- wa- -wa wa- -wa

3,3a N'-, zero- u- -u u- -u
4 mi- i- -i i- -i
5, 5a, 5b ri-, i-, zero- lyi- -lyi lyi- -lyi
IV
6 ma- a- -a a- -a
7,7a ki-, zero- ki- -ki ki- -ki
8,8a shi-, zero- shi- -shi shi- -shi
9,9a N'-, zero- i- -i i- -i
10, 10a, 10b N'-, zero-, ngi- ti- -ti ti- -ti
11 u- lu- -lu lu- -lu
Table 3b: Some of other noun modifiers
Noun Class Noun Prefix this / that / genitive another / which

these those "of *1 other
1,1a, lb mu-, N'-, zero- e-tu e-to u-a?> o u-ngi u-nga-u
2,2a wa-, zero- e-wa e-wo wa-a> wa we-ngi wa-nga-wa

3,3a N'-, zero- e-tu e-to u-a?> o u-ngi u-nga-u
4 mi- e-yi i-yo i-a>ya i-ngi i-nga-i
5, 5a, 5b ri-, i-, zero- e-lyi e-lyo li-a> lya lyi-ingi lyi-nga-lyi
6 ma- e-wa e-wo a-a> a a-ngi a-nga-wa

7,7a ki-, zero- e-ki e-kyo ki-a> kya ki-ngi ki-nga-ki
8,8a shi-, zero- e-shi e-sho shi-a> sha shi-ngi shi-nga-shi
9,9a N'-, zero- e-yi e-yo i-a>ya i-ngi i-nga-i
10, 10a, 10b N'-, zero-, ngi- e-ti e-to ti-a>ta ti-ngi ti-nga-ti
11 u- e-lu e-lo lu-a> lo lu-ngi lu-nga-lu

*1: The genitive "of consists of "prefix-stem". The prefix is the same as that of personal
possessive.
In Table 4, some personal prefixes are shown.
Table 4: Some personal prefixes
Subj. Prefix Obj. Prefix Stem of Personal Possessive

1 St sg. ngi- -ngi- -ako
2nd sg. nku- -ku- -afo
3rd sg. a-, na-, nya- -mu-, -N'- -akwe

1st pi. (n)lu- -lu- -edu
2nd pi. mu- -mu- -ani
3rd pi wa- -wa- -awo

3. Tonal Patterns of Nouns
The surface tonal patterns of this language consists of H (high flat tone), L (low flat
tone) and/or F (falling tone from high). The F appears only in the final syllable of an utterance.
Another characteristic is that there is no consecutive H on surface tonal patterns.
Tonal patterns of nouns are classified into two groups, i.e., L group and H group.
The L group consists of tonal patterns in which a tonal pattern has only one H syllable, i.e., the first
syllable is H and other syllables are L, the second syllable is H and other syllables are L, and so on.
This group also includes tonal patterns with no H, i.e., low flat tonal patterns. The H group
consists of tonal patterns where the initial syllable of each tonal pattern of the L group is changed to
H. In this group, there is no tonal pattern like, HH, HHL, HHLL, etc. because consecutive H
syllables are not allowed in this language, as mentioned above. Each noun is tonologically
distinguished by its tonal patterns placed in the following two circumstances: (a) in isolation, (b)
before H, i.e., + "tiibu (only)".
Downdrift appears in a series of L at the end of the utterance. That is, consective
syllables with HLL, for example, are manifested as HLS, where "S" stands for a super low flat tone
syllable. Furthermore, another type of downdrift may occur between two words, when two
words are next to each other. That is, the tonal height of the word may be lower than that of the
preceding word. Exactly speaking, the height of H of the initial syllable of the word appears
almost the same height as that of L of the final syllable of the preceding word. This type of
downdrift is called "step down" in this text, and shown by a symbol "
]
".
Table 5a: Tonal Patterns of L group

L-series 1 2 3 4
isolated n-da mi-dwe ma-koru ma-korori ma-korow'iri
(louse) (heads) (snail) (banana leaf) (bulbul)
_# tiibu do. do. do. do. do.
isolated mbwo ri-so u-lurrii ki-tumburu i-musumusu
(rain) (eye) (tongue) (trunk of body) (fog)
_# tiibu do. |
ri-so ] u-luml ]
ki-tumburu ]
i-musumusii ]
isolated kl-ndo ki-fofu ma-fumbudu not found
(thing) (navel) (owls)
_# tiibu do. ]
do. ]
do. 1
isolated ki-romu ki-rangita ki-birimiko
dip) (dry season) (slope)
_# tiibu do. ]
do. ]
do. ]
VI
)
isolated not found not found
isolated ma-chongololo
(millipede)
_#tubu do. ]
Table 5b: Tonal Patterns of H group

H-series 1 2 3 4
isolated kl-shangu kl-nangoyo not found
(face) (velvet monkey)
_#nibu do. do.
isolated ma-bakwo ma-manyara kl-sungusungu
(a hoe blace) (barrel) (giddiness)
_#tiibu ma-bakwo ] ma-manyara ] kl-sungusungu ]
isolated ma-kookoi ma-karatasi
(rat) (paper)
_# tubu do. ] do. ]
isolated not found
(o-oooo)
These tonal patterns are derived from the underlying representations as shown in Table
6.
Table 6: Underlying representation of nouns

Syllables of stem
1 2 3 4
L series L -0 o-oo o-ooo o-oooo
HL o-6 , o-oo o-ooo o-oooo
-6
HL 6-o 0-00 o-ooo not found

(o-oooo
HL o-oo o-ooo o-oooo
HL not found not found
(o-oooo )
HL o-oooo
H-series h L not found 6-oo o-ooo not found
(o-oooo
h HL n.a.l 6-o6 o-ooo o-oooo
h HL n.a.2 o-ooo o-oooo
h HL n.a.2 not found
(o-oooo
vu
"n.a.l" and "n.a.2" show that the underlying representation is not allowed. The reason for
"n.a.l" is that it is nonsense to add an accent on the syllable where an accent already exists, and
that for "n.a.2" is that two consecutive accent syllables in a word are not allowed in this language.
(Note that two consecutive accents and consecutive high tones are different from each other.)
4. Some Characteristics of the Kiw'oso Language
The Kiw'oso language has some characteristics, which are somehow different from
other Bantu languages. They are as follows: 1). The prefix of infinitive is "e-", which is usually
"ku-", or "u-ku-" in many other Bantu languages. 2). There are many nouns that have no prefix
(zero prefix/ null prefix). Usually, zero prefixes appear in nouns of the noun class 1, 9 or 10 in
many Bantu languages. However, zero prefix nouns appear in nouns of class 1 , 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 or
10 in Kiw'oso. Furthermore, there are many nouns whose singular form and plural form are zero
prefix nouns. This is a very unique characteristic. 3). There are many classification words for
domestic animals, especially cattle. This characteristic may be caused by a close contact with
nomadic culture.
Separately from linguistic data, there are other characteristics of Kiw'oso society.
The people once had a custom to drink blood (e.g., "ki-susio" (broth with fresh blood)) and
circumcision for boys and girls (e.g., "e-dina" (to circumcise)). There was once an age group
system consisting of 6 groups (see "-rika" (age-group)). The manner of funeral is different from
that of many other Bantu people. Kiw'oso people originally did not have chickens long time,
which are very popular in the most of the Bantu peasants' society. They say chickens were
introduced from other people. The name "Olomi", which is the name of informant in this study,
is said to be derived from the Maasai society and it has a meaning in Maasai language. From
these viewpoints, it can be said that many people of Kiw'oso once had a close contact with nomad
people like Maasai people, or that some of them may be descendants from nomad people.
<References>
Guthrie, M., 1971, Comparative Bantu 2, Gregg International Publishers Ltd., England.
Welmers, Wm. E., 1973, African Language Structures, University of California Press, Los Angels.
vni
:
HOW TO USE
Contents of a word are shown in the following format in this text.
Table 7: Format of each word in text
stem
stem-suffix
singular form; plural form derivational suffix prefix this/these
references
meaning of English
meaning in Japanese
example phrases or sentences
1 2
In the above, "1" shows the word number, and "2" the reference word numbers.
Both numbers follow the word numbers of Bantu Vocabulary Series (see Classified Vocabulary
Index). They are shown in the text for reference to compare words among different languages.
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN TEXT
N: noun recip: reciprocal

Op: object prefix sb: somebody
PN: pronoun stat: stative
Sp: subject prefix sth: something
TP: Tonal pattern swh: somewhere
VL: vowel length vi: intransitive verb
anto: antonym vt: transitive verb
appl: applicative <Sw: loan word from Swahili
bot: botanical name <Eng: loan word from English
caus: causative ]: tonal step down
cw : compound word /: or (e.g.. "he/she" means "he
f: female speaker or she.")
ku = reflex: " -ku- " shows the reflexive ~ : or
prefix i.e., oneself or itself A>B: A ischanged to B according
lit: literary meaning to sound changes or tonal
m: male speaker changes (caused by the
ono : onomatopoeia sound changes)
pass: passive =sg: plural form = singular form
pf: prefix - morpheme boundary
ps: person + : word boundary
IX
Kiw oso Index
f
; ;
Kiw'oso - English - Japanese
al
ki-a (> kya) ; shi-a ki- ; shi-
edible tuber of yam (edible part of yam)
40.35g
ki-a kya ifur'i ; shi-a sha ifur'i ki- ; shi-
yam (pinkish -)
40.35c
ki-a kya iko ; shi-a sha iko ki- ; shi-
cf. fig. 34 in Illustrations
yam (yellowish -)
-Âfê (H.&.riôfc-VA) ^>-^

40.35b
a2
ya-a ;
here (definite)
yaa n' kiiukucha. This place is nice.
79.12
aambo
y-aambo ; i- elyi ;
-
birdlime (not used in this area)
yaambo lyicha, good birdlime

38.13
aangu
li-aangu ; u-
lightness
75.22
aba, apa (Otr)
e-aba (<Sw) e-
swear (to -)
58.24
acha
ku-acha ku-
far, far place, distant place
ikei ] kwacha. It's far.
67.17
2 Kiwoso- English - Japanese
achara
e-achara ;
stroke (to -), pat (to -), rub (to -)
14.01
achar-i-a
e-acharia ;
smooth (the surface of a pot; generic) (to -)
47.36b
adaa
e-adaa ;
tired (to become -)
12.1
adanya, adania
e-adanya ;
listen (to sb) silently (to -)

7~*oTK
50.12
e-adanya / e-adania ;
listen (to -), attention (to pay -), notice (to -)
RK, &M1-Z (~fc-) . fflî-5 (~fc-)

7.16 58.35
adany-o, adani-o
e-adanyo / e-adanio ;
pass,
listened (to be -) (pass)
07.16b
ade
ma-ade ; ma- ewa
saliva, spittle
6.17
adu
ki-adu ; sha-adu (<Sw?) ki- ; shi-
shoe (Western type)

tt
15.22
aduka
e-aduka ;
clear and become less humid (to -), clear up (to -)
69.17 69.21
adu-t-a
e-aduta ; caus.
spread to dry (clothes/mats, etc.) (to -), dry (meat) (to -)
15.18 20.llb
; ;
Kiwoso- English - Japanese
e-aduta ] musu-n' ; e-
smoke (meat) (to -) (lit. keep+smoke-in)
20.11c
afiio
e-afiio ; e-
creep (for baby to -)
45.18
afuye
ky-afuye ; sha-afuye ki- ; shi-
chameleon
35.12
ajin
e-ajiri ;
(<Sw) e-
employ (to -)
47.46
aka
e-aka e-
put in sth through a narrow space (to -)
/hftn/7tjtLTA*i3
16.04b
aka
e-aka ] u-ruu ; e-
thread (to -)
16.04
akanya
e-akanya (= e-ekia) e-
assist (to -), help (to -), help (sb from danger) (to -), help sb's fight (to -)
#Me5> #c5. gjtf3. 71%irZ fflfr&&i1ttbl*:<Di&m<D-)

47.03 56.18,52.23b
e-akanya en'la ; e-
take charge of sth (to -) (lit. to help+to take care of)
53.34
e-akanya ewuta n'-guo ; e-
help to undress (to -)
15.09
akasi
ma-akasi ; =sg (<Sw) - ; ma-

scissors
16.07
akua
e-akiiya ;
lend money/sth (to -)
53.25
aku-o
e-akiio ;
borrow money/sth (to -)

lf<9 3 (*)
53.23
alal
kya-ala, kl-ala ; sha-ala ki- ; shi-
excrement of domestic animals (cattle, goat, sheep and chicken) (generic), manure,
fertilizer
i (4-. 0j. , m) <DM (*, Sitt&**W ) , E*4 (*/iU0>i|)

06.36b 43.15
ala2
e-ala ; e-
thatch with grass (to -)
24.28
e-ala ; e-
spread (sth like mat/wings) (to -)
jstfs mm/*-)
25.12
e-ku-ala ;
(ku=reflex) e-
spread (for vines to -)
41.25
e-ala makongo ; e-
spread wings (to -)
38.38b
ala3
u-(w)ala ; ngy-ala u- ; ngy-

claw
/ft
33.09
alacha
e-alacha ; e-
1. exchange (to -), replace (to -), change (to -), 2. change one's mind (to -)
ukou ri'-lulealacha eki na kya. Yesterday we exchanged this with that.;
53.41 47.11
e-alacha ikamba ; e-
take sb's place (to -) (lit. exchange+turns)

fti-* (-mfoic, m&mz.)
47.05
;
alach-ik-a
e-alachika ;
stat.? e-
change (to -)
68.13b
e-alachika fana ;
stat.? e-
change colour (to -) (vt)
^*3 (fe&)
68.13
alafu
alafu ;
(<Sw) e-
then, after that
81.09
alika
e-alika ; e-
marry (for a man) (to -), send (to -)
jgjti-s (*s) . mz>

28.01c
aluka
e-aluka ; e-
come up (for the sun) (to -), raise (to -), go up (to -), climb (a mountain/cliff) (to -)
#5 (B#-) - 3 (UJ/HK-)
ruwa J lyicha ealuka. (> ruwa ] The sun is going up. (lit. sun+it
lyichaalukaa.) comes+to go up)
69.04b 46.1
e-aluka na ] muda ; e-
upstream (to go -) (lit. to climb+water)

Sfcff<
72.16
aluo
e-aluo e-
1. turn over (to make sth -), 2. draw an irrigation canal (to -)
1. r>o<UiIi- (<t>KaHft&-) . m&-f (*&) . 2. ffl*g#<757K^Î<
61.84
alya
e-alya ; e-
bundle (to make a -)
62.15
alyaalya
a-ndo ] alya-alya ; kii-ndo ] kiilya-kulya a- ; ku-
same place
75.76J
arnada
e-amada ; e-
sting (to -), bite (to -)
39.07 32.08
amaia
e-amaia ; e-
peep at/through (to -)
*<
7.11
amaya
e-amaya ; e-
give a gift (to -)
53.04
amay-o
no sg ; ma-amayo ? - ; ma- - ; ewa
gift
lift
53.05
ambal
e-amba ; e-
put on (to -), smear (to -)
I4.07b n.l7b
e-amba ] ri'-ji ; e-
put on a medicine, smear a medicine (to -)
14.07
e-kw-amba ; (ku=reflex) e-
smear (sth) on one's body, put on (sth) on one's body (to -)
17.17
amba2
e-amba ; e-
say (to -)
50.05
e-amba dede ; e-
tell the truth (to -)
50.30b
e-amba nakofo ; e-
say farewell (to -) (lit. say+good bye)
50.29
;
e-amba n'-kiida ; e-
explain (to -) (lit. to say+how)
50.72
ambo
y-ambo ; ma-ambo i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
bracelet (made from copper), lead (of metal) (kiwoso origin).
18.03b 73.15
ambutya
e-ambutya ; e-
infect (to -)
8.05
ambwii
ky-ambwii ; shi-ambwii ki- ; shi-
pubic hair
2.25
ambyal
e-ambya ; e-
cp. "paste, 62.07" in TP

receive (to -)
53.07
ambya2
e-ambya ; e-
cp. "receive, 53.07" in TP

paste (to -), paste up (a postage stamp) (to -)
62.07 62. II
e-ambya eki na kya ; e-
paste this with that (to -)
62.07b
amby-o
e-ambyo ; pass. e-
pasted up (to be already - ) (stat), pasted up (to be - by sb ) (pass)

< o0 < (##)
62.12
amia
e-amia ( > ya-amia)
sharp (to be already -), sharpened (to become -)
75.44 63.18
kl-andu kiami ; shi-andu shaami ki- ; shi-
sharp knife
75.43
ri'-ndu mwami ; wa-ndu waami N'- ; wa-

nonstop talker, one who makes a great fuss
75.43b
ami-r-a
e-amira ; e-
sharpen (to -)
63.17b
ami-r-o
e-amiro ;
pass e-
sharpened (to be - by sb)
63.17c
amisa
e-amisa ; e-
lean (to -), vt
61.44
e-ku-amisa ; e-
lean (against sth) (to -), vi
45.2
amurisha
e-amurisha, e-amurisha ;
(<Sw) e-
command (to -), order (to -)
50.62
amusini
-amusirii ; (<Sw) zero-
fifty
59.24
anal
e-ana ; e-
ow (for cattle to -), meow (to -), lbaa (for goat/sheep to -), howl (for dog/hyena to -)
32.03 32.03b, 32.05d
ana2
e-ana ; e-
thank (to -)
57.31
ana3
ki-ana ; shi-ana ki- ; shi-
lower stone / upper stone (of a stone grinder)
43.32b
ananisya
e-ananisya ; e-
1. put in order (to -) , make change materials the same size (to -), 2. flatten uneven
land/field (to -), level (to -), 3. compare (to -)
l. mm-fZ. 2. bfc1-3 (^:ffcLfctt^-) . lÛ*#fr1--5. 3. Jtft-f
nglchaananisia eki na kya. I am comparing this with that.
61.36 65.02,63.09b,.
andi
andi mafuo. ;
Hello! (lit. how are+bones) (because people think their health depends on their bones)
82.03c
andika
e-andika ; (<Sw) e-
write (to -)
<
58.11
andu
ki-andu ; sha-andu ki- ; shi-
knife (for male person to cut meat)
47.27b
ki-andu ] kisha ; shi-andu ] shisha ki- ; shi-

new knife (lit. "nice knife" (in Machame dialect))
7538
anga
i-anga ; ma-anga i- ; ma- - ; ewa
crack on the foot
&<DT>Xft>ti
11.16
angaa
e-angaa ;
thirsty (to be -)
22.18
anga-r'i
u-angarT ;
thirst
# (*
22.18b
angasa
mo-angasa / mu-angasa ; mi-angasa mo-, mu- ; etu ; eyi
mi-
light (<Sw?)
%
70.04
angata
e-angata ; e-
hit to dust (to -), brush away (insects etc.) (to -)

RP^TtJCi9f5. ftvRfcft* (*&)
e-angata n'-keka hit a mat to dust (to -)
26.1
e-angata kilulyi ; e-
hit to dust (to -) (lit. to hit to dust +dust)
26.10b
angwo
e-angwo ; e-
light (in weight) (to be -)
75.21
anika
e-anika ; e
spread to dry (clothes/mats/maize grain etc.) (to -)
e-y-anika (< e-i-anlka) spread to dry them (mats) (to -)
15.18b 43.22
e-anika ] mudo-n' ; t
dry (sth over fire) (to -)
49.11
anjo
mw-anjo ; wa-anjo mu- ; wa-
Vunjo person
50.04h
anta
e-anta ; e-
wake up (sb) (to -) (vt)

IflCi" (T^-5A)
44.12
anya
mw-anya ; mi-anya mu- ; mi- etu ; eyi
space between two things
ID
67.03
; 1
Kiwoso- English - Japanese 1
ara
ki-ara ; sha-ara ki- ; shi-
axe
47.21
araki
i-araki ; ma-araki i- ; ma-
kind of bean
ZZifa. (l-feyf-firo^feoa)
40.34
arara
e -arara ; e-
cp. "e-araara (to walk aimlessly), 52.02"

abuse (to -), insult (to -)
52.01 50.42b
e-ku-arara ;
(ku=reflex) e-
abuse each other (to -)
52.01b
arawo
e-arawo ; e-
strip off (to - leaves)
41.15b
e-arawo mataw'i ; e-
cut off branches (to -)
41.13
are
w-are (< u-are) ; =sg u- ;

- elu
liquid excreta of cattle/goat/sheep
06.36e
are-ma-are
kl-maare-maare ; ki-ma-
green (lit. < ma-are, leaves)
*&
68.12
aribika
e-aribika ; (<Sw) e-
spoiled (to become -)
64.2
;
aribu
e-aribu (<Sw)
spoil (a machine) (to -)
zfrir, ftP-3 (M*&)
64.19c
aro
ki-aro ; sha-aro ki- : shi-
journey
m
46.56
ki-aro-n' ; sha-aro-n' ki- ; shi-
distant place
46.56b
aro ] kiicha ;
Good night! (lit. to be kept asleep+at nice place)
82.07
arubeeni
-arubeeni ;
(<Sw?) zero- eyi ;
-
forty
m+
59.23
ar'aka
e-ar'aka ;
break wind (to -), let out gas (to -)
6.37
arusi
-ar usi ;
sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
wedding
28.04
asal
ki-asa ; shi-asa ki- ; shi-
cp. "promise (50.53)" in TP

canine teeth, chisel
**. m (SB-*)
01.22b
asa2
e-asa ;
bleed by cupping (to -) (old custom before Christianity arrived)

tfrf3 (*'J x hmim<D^W
14.19
;
asa3
ki-asa ; shi-asa ki- ; shi-
cp. "canine teeth (01.22)" in TP

promise
50.53
asa4
asa ;
(<Sw)
especially
81.01
asika
e-asika ; e-
crack (on wall, egg shell, etc. to get a -), nosebleed (to have a -)
24.23b
atal
e-ata ; e-
light (to -) (Kiwoso origin)

ôtfS^ ^"7 4 9 -X~u - y $ -y ft iffc-)
48.07a
e-ata mudo ; e-
kindle (to -), light fire (to -) (Kiwoso origin)
48.07a
e-ata kidude ; e-
light a lamp (to -)
70.15
ata2
e-ata e-
game of wrestling
51.03o
atamwo
e-atamwo ; e-
sneeze (to -)
6.27
atamwo ; zero- ; - elyi ;

-
sneeze
< L*&
6.28
atari
ata " (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
danger
7EP
nyatari, It is dangerous.
75.74b
ato
e-ato ;
lit (for a lamp to become -)
O<(7>7 ^)
70.16
awa
e-awa ; e-
divide (sth) (to -)
53.12 59.44
aw-an-a
e-awana ; recip. e-
share with others (to -)
53.13
aw-y-a
e-awya ; appl. e-
give away (to -), give a portion of what one owns (to -)
53.12b
ayia
e-ayia ; e-
sweep (to -)
m<
26.02
ayo
ii-ayo ( > u-wayo) ngy-ayo ; u- ; ngy- elu ; eti
1 . sole, footprint, 2. unit of length (one stride) (kiwoso origin)

l. <>*. #. 2. *fiffi&fr*#ffi (&<D&i>mtiL)
atwo imwi, one "atwo".
atwo iwi, two "atwo".
4.09 04.11, 75. 13g
ba
m'-ba ; =sg N'- ; N'- eyi ; eti
house (generic), house of a mother and small children, family
24.01 27.53, 39.30
m'-ba ya ] m'bii ; =sg N'- ; N'-

house (father's -) (conical - covered by banana leaves) (lit. small house)
24.01b
m'-ba ya n'songe ; =sg N'- ; N'-

round house made by mud/bricks
24.01c
m'-ba ] iingi chafu ; m'-ba ] tiingi chafu N'- : N'-

dirty room
26.14
m'-ba ] iingiili ; m'-ba ] tiingiili N'- : N'-

clean room
26.15
m'-ba ya isangu ; N'- ; N'-

cobweb (lit. house+of+spider)
393
baadala
baadala ; (<Sw)
instead of
baadala ya ng'an'ra (> baadala a ng'an'ra), instead of a meat

baadala ya kitabu (> baadala a kitabu), instead of a book
81.14b
baati
baafl ;
perhaps, maybe
81.05 81.06
babai
i-babal ; ma-babai (<Sw?) l- ; ma-
papaya (introduced)
41.45
bacha
e-bacha ;
work wood (to -), curve (to -), shave wood (to -)
47.2 47.26
bacho
m' -bacho ; =sg N*- eyi ; eti
shell of an egg
38.25b
baka
-baka ; =sg zero- eyi ; eti
cat
32.01
bakana
e-bakana ;
fight (to -) (lit. beat each other)

:<oo
56.02
e-bakana ] fida ; e-
fight a war (to -)
56.02
bakwo
i-bakwo ; ma-bakwo i- ; ma-
kind of hoe-blades
43.10b
bala
m'-bala ; N'- (cl. 3) etu (cl. 3)
soda (so called "magadi" in East Africa), baking soda
19.14d
balya
e-balya ; e-
touch (to -)
61.02
bangal
u-banga ; ngyoo-banga u- ; ngyoo-
bush-knife (for cutting trees)
43.05
banga2
e-banga ;
put in order (to -), arrange (to -), plan (to -)
61.32 61.36b, 58.23
e-banga nicha ;
put in properly (to -) (lit. to arrange +good)
61.75b
e-ku-banga ; (ku=reflex) e-
line up (to -)
61.32b
bangili
bangili ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
bracelet (generic)
18.03
bao
u-bao ; shi-bao (<Sw) u- ; shi-
board
47.33 41.02b
bara
e-bara ; e-
1 . tear off a small portion from sth (to -), divide (to -), break (egg/glass/window/) (to
-), chop (wood) (to -), split (to -), crack (to -), 2. saw (to -), 3. hatch (to -)
-) . 2. <r>zg*)T:WZ. 3. 0P&< (Wtf>5&t>3)

64.19 64.02,64.15,47.32,38.27
e-bara ndeu ; e-
cut open the belly (to -) (lit. to break+stomach)
3432
e-bara ngwi ; e-
split firewood (to -)
9J3 G0F&-)
47.25
e-bara n'-ji ; e-
split wood (to -)

#J5 (**r*6lt-)
47.25b
ki-bara ; shi-bara ki- ; shi-
something that breaks
35.14b
bar-ik-a
e-barika ; stat.? e-
cracked (to become -), break (to -), break into pieces (to -), burst open (to -), vi
S'jtts, sijft-ct^s, wfrm^. t&^^/jcs, ^#*i-5. o^tts
64.16 64.17,24.23,11.02
bar-o
e-baro ; pass, e-
hatched (to become -)
38.28
ki-bara moondi ; shi-bara moondi ki- ; shi-

house lizard (lit. one who breaks beer-container)
V*'J (SIR ; mWZM-fk<n ffi^W#TfilfcDcfrtcg3
; .Hf l^tiTv^co-?)
35.14
Bare
m'-bare ; wa-bare N'- ; wa-
Pare person (lit. one who was beaten)
50.04J
ki-bare ; ki-
Pare language
50.04e
o
baria
e-baria ;
cf. "e!-bara" (to break/split)

surpass (to -)
klndo eki n'-kibarie kya. This thing surpasses that.
65.05
barol
-baro ; ma-baro zero- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
civet
* ?tez.
33.14
baro2
ki-baro ; shi-baro ki- : shi-
slice
66.04
baruwo (baruo?)
baruwo ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
letter (mail)
58.16
bar'uti
bar'ufi ; (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
gunpowder
34.19
basii
i-basfi ; ma-basii (<Eng) l- ; ma-
bus (<SW?)
46.57b
basikeeli
basikeeli ;
bicycle
46.63
batal
u-bata ; ngyoo-bata u- ; ngyoo-
cf. fig. 1 1 in Illustrations
ladle for alcoholic drinks, or for dipping water (big -).
L^ i> tW-
21.13c
ki-bata ; shl-bata ki- ; shi-
ladle for alcoholic drinks, or for dipping water (small -)
21.13c
;
bata2
-bata / i-bata / ki-bata ; ma-bata / shi-bata zero-, ki-
ma-, shi-
playing ground in a village, open space in a homestead/village, football ground,
meeting place
24.38 54.56
bata3
i-bata ; ma-bata l- ; ma-
duck (recently introduced)
38.3
bechwo
e-bechwo ;
taste for poison in drinks (to -)
22.10d
benga
i-benga ; ma-benga l- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
something gritty, crystal salt
19.14c
bero
i-bero ; ma-bero (<Sw) l- ; ma-
guava (introduced)
41.51
besa
m'-besa =sg ; (<Sw) N'- ; N' eyi ; eti
money
53.16
m'-besa iinga? / eler'i iinga? ; 1ST-
how much?
l^< h ?
53.18
beso
-beso ; =sg zero-
pimple
11.14
beti
-beti ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
finger-ring
tali
18.04
biba
i-biba ; ma-biba (<Sw) i- ; ma-
cf. fig. 9 in Illustratons
barrel (wooden -).
21.17
bili
ki-bili ; shi-bili (<Sw) ki- ; shi-

earring.
18.01
bilibili
bilibili ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
pepper
tofrbL. mm
19.15
bima
e-bima ; e-
measure (to -)
16.12c
e-ku-bima ;
(ku=reflex) e-
try on (to -) (lit. to-you(sg)-measure)
16.12b
bira
rri'-bira ; mi-bira (<Sw) N'- ; mi-
ball, football
*-/K Vvjj
51.26
birimika
e-birimika ; e-
roll (to -)
61.85
birimi-t-a
e-birimita ; caus. e-
roll (to make -)
e-ki-birimita roll it (to make -)
61.86
birimiko
ki-birimiko ; shi-birimiko ki- ; shi-
slope
71.04
;
bo
bo ;
zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
1. home, area where you live, 2. outside

1. WL&. 2. ft (^feltO-)
bo koko n' kifu-n'., My home is Kifu village.;
bo koko, my home, at my home

eyiri' bo ]
yako, my home,
27.53b 67.08b
bo koko ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
home village (lit. home+mine)
54.03
boboru
ki-boboru ; shi-boboru ki- ; shi-
Giant African rat
33.51b
bona
ki-bofu ; shi-bofu ki- ; shi-
bag (used only in the word "urinary bladder")
61.25b
bokisi
i-bokisi ; ma-bokisi, (<Sw<Eng) i- ; ma-
box
m
ibokisi-n', inside of a box
61.76
boral
rh'-bora ; wa-bora N'- ; wa-
woman who lately bore a child, new mother
mm
29.06
bora2
e-bora e-
wet (to make sth -), rotten (to make sth -)
49.04
bo-o
e-boo ; e-
1. heaped weeds to become -), rotten (to be/become

rotten (for -), wet (to be/become -),
2. mature (of a fruit on the tree) (to be/become too -)

i. jars. 5SIM-3 mm--) , *i-5. 2. &timgz
43.08 49.03,23.16,41.53
boromuo
e-boromuo ; e-
loosen (to -)
62.19
bota
i-bota ; ma-bota i- ; ma-
semi-solid excreta of cattle/goat/sheep
06.36(1
bubu
bubu ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- etu ; ewa
(cl. 1,2)
dumb person
13.06
bufuta
e-bufuta ; e-
startle (animals) (to -), drive out (animals) (to -)
ft<ofo-f
ebufuta n'nyama, to startle animals.
34.07
bukusa
ki-bukiisa ; shi-bukiisa ki- ; shi-
banana for brewing alcoholic drinks (10- 12cm long, 2~3cm in diameter, bleached
green colour, powdery when it is ripe. The only banana which can't be eaten raw.)
mft<D'<-r-f- (ft ^10 ~ 12cm, fig 2 ~ 3 cm. flfcfe&fe. $tfl5 t JkiWZ$.&Ltc fcl
41.40q
bulu
ki-bulu ; shi-bulu ki- ; shi-
banana dish (drink) called "ki-bulu". Soft porridge cooked by adding water to the
banana dish called "kitawa". One of the people's favorite banana dishes.
19.13e
ki-bulu kya malela ; shi-bulu sha malela ki- ; shi-
banana dish (drink) called "ki-bulu kya malela." One of the soft drinks made from
banana. It is cooked by adding sour milk ("malela adookie") to the banana dish called
"kitawa."
t*t1-fr ?>o < -5 ttoftc7)t> t o "ki-tawa"tHSf- 7 5 A># (malela adookie)iH?7t i> <>
19.13f
buluu
buluu ;
(<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
blue
68.11
bunduki
-bunduki ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
gun
34.17
burasi
-mburasl ;
sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
vulva, female genitals

&&&
2.24
busuka
e-busiika ;
overflow (to -), boil over (to -) vi
20.22 20.06
busuo
e -busuo ;
pour out (to -), empty (to -)
20.23 21.23
busutani
biisutani ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
vegetable garden (near one's house)
43.02
buula
e-buula ;
beat severely (to -), hit severely (to -)
5, fttc< (t>if<-)
52.12c 64.13b
buul-o
e-buulo ; pass.
beaten severely (to be -)
52.12d
bwo
rri'-bwo ; =sg N'-; eyi ; eti
nose, nostril
m'-bwo-n', inside of nose.
1.15 1.16
byoo
-mbyoo ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
coldness
eitya mbyoo, to feel cold;

75.28b
C
;
chal
e-cha ;
come (to -), arrive (to -)
6-cho. / o-cho. Come! (lit. you(sg)-come. polite

expression)
46.06 46.21
e-cha e-akaa (> e-cha-akaa)

severe <of the sun> (to be -) (lit. to come+to shine)
mbari nyuchaakaa. The sun is severe.;

69.34
cha2
u-cha ; u- elu
goodness
&
ni-cha, nicely? or, it is nice?
75.01c
ki-tabu ] kicha ; shi-tabu ] shlcha ki- ; shi-
good book
75.01
ri'-ndu ] ri'-cha ; wa-ndu ] wacha N'- ; wa-

kind person
75.6
n'-dunka ] ri'-cha ; wa-ka ] wa-cha N'- ; wa-

beautiful woman
75.73
n'-shi-cha ;
I am fine, (answer for "shi-mboni (Hello!") (lit. it-pf-good)
82.03b
cha3
cha ;
like, as
.?* (~-)
75.79
ri'-soro cha ] etu ; wa-soro cha | ewa N'- ; wa-

son like this
75.79b
ri'-ji cha | etu ; mi-ji cha ] eyi N'- ; mi-

tree like this
75.79c
i-yoo cha elyi ; ma-yoo cha ewa l- ; ma-

tooth like this
75.79d
ki-ndo cha eki ; shi-ndo cha eshi ki- ; shi-
thing like this
75.79e
nungu cha ] eyi ; nungu cha ] eti zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
pot like this
75.79f
li-liko cha elu ; ngyuu-liko cha eti u- ; ngyuu- elu : eti
ladle like this

A,L4>4>L>
75.79g
a-ndo cha yaa ; ku-ndo cha kunu a- ; ku-

place like this
XLhfsMfR
75.79h
cha4
cha ;
for example
81.12
chaa
-chaa ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
hunger, famine
22.16
chaare
n' -chaare ; mi -chaare N'- ; mi-
one type of cooking bananas (hard banana), eaten after boiling. 20cm long, 2~3cm in
diameter, green.
2 cm. %Wh 2 ~ 3 cm. ijtfe
41.40t
chafuka
e -chafuka ; e-
dirty (to become -)
26.13
chai
-chai ; (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
tea
19.19
chaka
ri'-chaka ; wa-chaka N'- ; wa-
tribe (Kiwoso origin)
54.05
chakoro
ki-chakoro ; shi-chakoro ki- ; shi-
squirrel
33.42
chalaaru
i-chalaaru ; ma-chalaaru l- ; ma-
midrib of banana leaf
41.40c
chambo
ki-chambo ; ma-chambo ki- ; shi-
fart, breaking wind (per anus), gas
6.38
chana
e -chana ;
(<Sw)
comb (to -)
17.03
-chana =sg ;
(<Sw) zero- ; zero- eki ; eti
comb (generic)
17.04
chang'aa
-chang'aa ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
alcoholic drink made from banana (fermented a long time and distiled)
chang'aa ] ngicha, good beer

19.12b
chanwo
e-chanwo ; e-
come out (of bud) (to -)
41.17
chau
-chau ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
bull, uncastrated male cattle
32.11
chechere
n'-chechere ; mi-chechere N 1
- ; mi- etu ; eyi
tears
M
6.02
cheka-cheka
e-cheka-cheka ; e-
sift (to -)
43.24
-cheke-cheke ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti

sift (generic) (introduced).
-S**^ (n-fc-affltf)-)
43.23
chele
n'-chele ; mi-chele, =sg (<Sw) N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
cooked rice, rice grain, rice plant
!r. * (&) . m
19.03 40.23
cheleo
e-cheleo ; e-
late (to be -)
74.33
chembe
-chembe ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
something little trace

mm (/h&-)
02.10b
-chembe ya moyo ; -chembe ta moyo zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
pitof the stomach

*e*st> (t>TcD|tfj#tf>pBl)
2.1
chenekar'i
ki-chenekar'i ; shi-chenekar'i ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
game of car-driving simulation.

S*StG&ffiH
_
-5aiEtf. fig5~7cmg<A*&2 0cm&tf>gfi:gjoT, Siffl^^L
51.031
chengere
ki-chengere ; shi-chengere ki- ; shi-
musical instrument which is tied at the ankle and which makes a rattling sound. This
is made from an small tin containing stones, beans or pieces of metal.
51.16
chensa
i-cheri'sa ; ma-cheri'sa i- ; ma-
tangerine
% v i? x. y >
41.51c
chesa
e-chesa ;
(<Sw) e-
play football (to -)
iJ-y^-Sri-S (-9- -y #-<>* co^fcffl 1^-5)

51.26b
e-kaba ] rn'-bira ; e-
play ball (to -)
51.25
chewera
no sg ; ma-chewera -
; ma- - ; ewa
game like playing beanbags (juggling). A player takes one stone placed on the ground
and throws it in air. While the stone is in air, the player takes and throws another
stone in air, and catches the falling stone, a game of competing for how many stones
the player catches, repeating taking, throwing and catching.
17 5 tOfi^fcl^/bS^. Sodom Apple (X7t <J m~?"nduo")b^ô 3 cmg*cDt^HI|ffl^
51.03d
chi
ri'-chi ; mi-chi N'- ; mi-
pestle
43.3
chial
-chia ;
road (generic), path, trail of wild animals

it. /hit. IfÎofci, Iftil
46.69 46.66, 34.03
-chia ingishimbi ; -chia tiingishimbi zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
broad road
46.7
-chia ingisiise ; -chia tiingisiise zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
narrow road
46.71
-chia ya kwansa ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
the first road

Uncoil
59.5
;
-chia ya kabi ;
the second road
59.51
-chia eto dngi (> chie eto dngi) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
the next road
59.52
-chia ya nguwe ; -chia ta nguwe zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
track of the wildpig
46.68
chia2
e-chia ; e
good (to be -), kind (to be -)
kindo eki ri' kiikicha. This thing is good. (lit. This thing is
something good.);
75.01b 75.60b
chichiir'i
-chichiir'i ; sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cricket
chichiiri tifie, many crickets
39.14
chichina
e-chichina ;
damp with condensation (to be -), perspire (to -)
HWf-S, rT^T?5
49.28
e-chichina ] ri'-r'ike ;
perspire (to -) (lit. to ooze + sweat)
6.31
chiiiya
e-chiiya ; e-
please (to -)
57.01 50.43
chiiya
e-chiiyo ; pass. e-
pleased with (to be -), happy with (to be -), feel pleased (to -)
50.43b 57.01a
chili
ri'-chili ; wa-chili N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa

minister
*E ("mangi" (jfcg) frn'miku" PJ -j?-) 0>lii]K:fftfi-f'5tt&)
55.07b
chimbilili
-chimbilili ;
= sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
earthworm
39.39
chimbo
ri'-chimbo ; mi-chimbo N'- : mi-
beak
38.33
chira
e-chira ;
treat (wounoVillness) (to -)
14.13
cho
i-cho ; elyi
the day before yesterday
74.11
chochoka
e-chochoka ;
drip (to -)
LtctcZ
49.26
chochor'o
ki-chochor'o ; shi-chochor'o ki- ; shi-
narrow path/road
46.66c
chofu
-chofu ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
elephant
33.21
choka
-choka ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
snake
choka ileeya, long snake;
choka tileeye, long snakes;

35.01
choma
i-choma ; ma-choma l- ; ma-
nasal mucus, cold (pi from, lit. nasal mucus)
#H\ MM
6.06 8.07
1
chongololo
i-chongololo ; ma-chongololo i- ; ma-
millipede
39.4
choni
ki-chorii ; shi-chorii ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
skin (of a human being, animals; generic), fur (treated -), sleeping skin (generic)
&*. & mm . %& Unn^tifcftfcitf)-) . c#& (*h tomtzZto&Zlzibo-)
2.03 33.53, 25.03
-choni ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
clothes, skin (kiwoso origin)
15.01
choo
i-choo ; ma-choo i- ; ma-
mold, mushroom (no custom to eat)
23.19 40.53
choonri
i-choon'ri ; ma-choon'ri i- ; ma-
female sheep that has borne a lamb
3230a
choro
choro ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
thigh, the side of a belly

t>t oa) (i<7)Afctntf. r^ ^j -Q\tt< mm zMm-tzt^ô)
4.02
chor'a
e-chor'a picha ; e-
draw a picture (to -)
58.18
chu
n'-chu ; mi-chu N'- ; mi-
dew
m
69.27
chuba
-chuba ; =sg (<Sw) ze ro- ; zero- eyi ; eti
bottle
M
21.04
-chuba ] ya duu ; chuba ] ta duu (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
empty bottle
21.22
chuja
e-chuja ;
(<Sw) e-
strain water to clean it (to -) (no need to strain river water because it is very clean)
49.17
chuki
-chuki ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
bee (Kiwoso origin)

m
39.02
chuku
n'-chuku ; wa-chuku N'- ; wa-
grandchild
M
27.42
chumba
n'-chumba ; wa-chumba N'- ; wa-
fiance!, fiance !e
wm% m, &)
28.08
chumbi
-chiimbi ;
salt
HL (^<Difo1iX\im$U*i-f. fc*$*-?lRfL;fc. )
19.14
-chiimbi ya mabenga ; (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
land salt
19.14b
chumbya
e-chumbya ; e-
engagement (to make an -)
mm-tz
28.08b
chuna
e-chuna ; e-
pinch (an arm, etc.) (to -), pinch (a bit of salt, etc.)
52.15 61.06b
chunga
i-chunga ; ma-chunga (<Sw) i- ; ma-
orange (introduced)
41.44
; -
; )
chur'uur'u
-chur'uiir'u ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
game of sliding on slippery ground, sliding on the slippery ground after rain, with an
approaching run. (ono.
"churuuru" fl^WjgtJs,
51.03r
D
dal
ri'-nda ; mi-nda N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
banana grove, banana produced from a plantation against banana growing around
houses, plantation banana (generic)
43.03c 41.40o
da2
e-da (= e-deeya) e-
leave sth (when going out) (to -), stop (sth) (to -), abandon (to -)
S^T^<. Eft
61.16
e-da foo ; e-
curse (to -) (lit. to leave+curse)

^HMi <. MZ 1
52.02
e-da ila loda (lit. to leave +without + e-
sweetness)
untasty (to be -), bad (to be - tasting) (lit. tasteless (to -be)) (lit. leave+without+taste)
23.02b
da3
da ;
pf-da
what kind of
75.8
ri'-soro ] a-da? ; wa-soro ] wa-da? N'- ; wa-

what kind of son?
ir'A,&ST- ?
75.80b
ri'-ji ] u-da? ; mi-ji ] i-da? N'- ; mi-

what kind of tree?
75.80c
i-yoo ] lyi-da? ; ma-yoo ] a-da? i- ; ma-

what kind of tooth?
75.80d
;
ki-ndo ] ki-da? ; shl-ndo ] shi-da? ki- ; shi-
what kind of thing?
75.80e
-niingu ] 1-da? ; -niingu ] ti-da? zero- ; zero-
what kind of pot?
75.80f
u-liko ] lii-da? ; ngyiiu-liko ] ti-da? u- ; ngyuu- elu ; eti
what kind of ladle?
75.80g
a-ndo ] kii-da? ; kii-ndo ] kii-da? a- ; ku-

what kind of place ?
75.80h
daal
e-daa ;
cp. "to dish up, 20.20" in TP

smell bad (to -), smell (to -) (Vi)
7.2
daa2
e-daa ; e-
cp. "to smell, 07.20" in TP

take out food from the pot (to -), dish up (to -), draw (to -), scoop (to -)
e-ki-daa dish it (something) up, draw it (to -),
scoop it (to -)
20.2
e-daa ] muda ; e-
draw (water) (to -)
49.14
e-daa 1 na uwoko (> edaa ] no owoko) e-
scoop up with one's hand (to -)
61.05
daaka
e-daaka ; e-
vomit out (to -)

n<. R#tiii-
12.09
e-daaka malela ; e-
vomit milk (to -)
29.18
dachi
i-dachl ; ma-dacKi i- ; ma-
drop (N)
l/f<
49.27
dafo
e-dafo ; e-
abandon (the work) on his will (to -)
47.51
e-dafo kirundio ; e-
stop working (to -) (lit. to abandon +job)
47.51b
dafuna
e-dafuna ; e-
chew (to -)
mtt. ^#<
e-ki-dafuna chew it (to -)
22.13
dakika
-dakika ;
minute
ft mm<D-)
dakika imwi, one minute (ka+i>ke+e);
dakika eto tiichaa, a little later, shortly, soon;
743
-dakika eto tiichaa ; (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
a little later, shortly, soon

htx-
74.24
-dakika eto tiichaa ;

for a short while (lit. minute which is coming)
74.21c
dakika tanu ; (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
five minutes (< Sw)

5#
74.30b
damia
e-damia ; e-
sit (to -)
45.04a
e-damia dembo ] ; e-
sit down (to -)
45.04a
; ;
e-damia kideudeu ; e-
crouch (to -) (lit. sit+squat)
45.06
e-damia talalaa ; e-
awake (to be -) (lit. to sit+?+?)
44.13
dao
e-dao e-
marry (for a woman) (to -) (lit. to be sent)
28.02b
dasa
n'-dasa ; mi-n'-dasa N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
boundary
m
55.11
wa-n'-dasa N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi

neighbour (lit. of+boundary)
MA
28.22 54.33
dawal
i-dawa ; ma-dawa i- ; ma-
leaf of banana stem, banana leaves to cover a roof, side of the inside of a banana house
) .
41.40h 24.28b, 24.13i
dawa2
-dawa ;
(<Sw) zero- ; zero- elyi ; eti
agricultural chemicals, medicine for human beings

am. m (\mmo-)
43.14b
de
u-de ; ma-ude u- ; ma-
boils
11.01
dedal
e-deda ; e-
thunder (to -), speak (to -)
69.25
deda2
e-deda ; e-
speak (to -), talk (to -), speak of (to -), speech (to make a -), sing (for a bird/cock to -),
crow (to -)
IS1-. Ul1-3, P*</x-f"5 (*#-) . B?WS(tt#-)

50.09 50.14,38.42,38.22,
e-deda kianjo ; e-
speak the Vunjo language (to -)
50.14b
e-deda ] majyo-n' ; e-
talk in one's sleep (to -)
44.07
e-deda ] mboni ; e-
dispute (to -), discuss (to -) (lit. to speak+opinion)
50.81
e-deda munyi ; e-
think aloud (to -), speak to oneself (to -)
50.74
e-deda n'du ; e-
speak of sb in his absence (to -) (lit. speak of+person)
50.34
e-deda ] ri'du w'icho ; e-
speak ill (of sb) (to -), backbite (to -)
5035
e-deda ngata ; e-
say loudly and rudely (to -)
50.4
e-deda w'er'esha ; e-
babble (to -), do/speak carelessly (to -)
9.05
e-deda ] nicha ; e-
praise (to -), speak good of sb (to -) (lit. to speak +nicely)
50.43
de-ji-a(?)
e-dejia ; appl.?
speak to (sb) (to -), talk to (sb) (to -)
50.08 50.14c
dede
-dede ;
truly
81.02 50.31b
; ;
dedema
e-dedema ; e-
shiver (to -)
12.12
dedo
ki-dedo ; shi-dedo ki- ; shi-
1. voice, word, language, 2. answer
i. r #is, -am 2. ^x
50.01 50.02, 50.04, 50.38
deewal
n'-deewa ; mi-deewa N'- ; mi-
plate, dish, bowl (traditional -), ladle, dipper.
21.08 21.08b, 21.14
deewa2
n'-deewa ; mi-deewa N'- ; mi-
winnow, winnowing tray made of wood (Kiwoso origin)
m (*K)
43.25
deeyal
e-deeya ; e-
cp. "edeeya (to stop), 50. 11" in TP

shrink (for swollen wound to - and become cured)
14.12c
deeya2 (=de)
e-deeya (= e-da) e-
cp. "edeeya (shrink), 14.12" in TP

leave (sth) (to -), abandon (to -), stop (vt) (to -)
61.1 60.15,46.52c
e-deeya e-deda ; e-
stop saying (to -)
tctz
50.11 46.52c
e-deeya efiira ( > e-deeye efiira) e-
stop cry (to -)
57.10b
e-deeya foo ; e-
say a course (to -)
60.15b
Kiwoso English - Japanese 39
dei
ki-dei ; shi-del ki- ; shi-
trap for moles (a ring is attached at the tip of a flexible stick and a mole is squeezed
by the ring when it eats a bite (tree root).
34.25b
deiya
e -deiya ; e-
1. trap (to -), set a trap (to -), put (sth) on the fire (to -), 2. shout in surprise (to -),
shout a war-cry (to howl (for dog to -) -),
1. gT*M**.3, g&ft&fr-S, 'XlzfrttZ. 2. tfo< <9 LT^SrfcffS, m<D]S&if

5. aw**.-*-* (*#-)
38.14 07. 1 8, 34.26, 56.26, 20. 1 7b, 32.05b
e -deiya madu ; e-
strain one's ears (to -)

***-**-
7.18
e -deiya na yaambo ; e-
trap by birdlime (to -) (no custom)
38.14b
e -deiya nungu ; e-
put a pot (on the fire) (to -)
'XtCHMfZ
20.17
deka
e-deka ; e-
get lost (to -)
61.59
e-deka ] chia ; e-
lose one's way (to -)

JI5 CMbc-)
46.53
dek-i-a
e-dekia ; e-
disappear (to -), lost to sight (to -)

&%.&<&%. ffiz.Z
7.04
e-dekia ; e-
lost (swh) (to be -)
46.54
de-t-a
e-deta ; e_
lose (to -), misguide (to -) (vt)
61.58
deky-o
e-dekyo ;
pass., stat.? e-
forget (to -)
ngandekyo. I have fogoten.;

londekyo. We have fogoten.
kondekyo. You (pi) have fogoten.
58.03
dele la
e-delela ; e-
cold (for milk etc.) (to become -)
ma-lela ] an'delela. Milk is (already) cold,
malela aadelelaa. Milk is getting cold.

75.29
ma-lela aadelelaa ; - ; ma- - ; ewa

cold milk
75.25
dema
e-dema ; e-
farm (to -), plough (to -), cultivate (to -) (generic), take care of crops/plants (to -)
edema na ikumbi, to cultivate with a hoe;

43.01 43.09
dembo
-dembo ; ma-dembo zero- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
1. mourning. (Traditionally the family members go into mourning without working.
The period of mourning is 3 days when the dead person is a male, and 4 days in the
case of a dead woman.), 2. down
l. 31 (j&o-tliS#0>8L ?E##0>Jti:3HfJS]. iz<nMiai4Bm. Z<n&mts.mcmL
T. tiHHZîcmc^tCo 4-T?ttftfcS) 2. T
31.15 67.06b
deme
n'-deme ; mi-deme N'- ; mi-
field (including vegetable garden under banana trees, banana grove), cultivated area
(generic)
All (IMS:) , mLX^Zi&
43.03
n'-deme o meemba ; mi-deme ya meemba N'- ; mi-

maize field
43.03b
demia
e-demia ; e-
weed (to -), cultivate swh (to -)
43.06
dende
u-dende ; ma-dende u- ; ma- elu ; ewa
leg, foot
m. &
4.01 4.07
ki-dende ; shi-dende ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
game of hopping on one leg. game of boys and girls.
51.03h
dendea
e-dendea ; e-
sticky (to be -)
32.21b
dende-r-a
e-dendera ; e-
smooth (the surface of a pot; generic) (to make -)
47.36
dende-y-a
e-dendeya ; e-
slippery (to be -)
45.14
den'
den' ;
1. very, 2. quickly, fast

i. ##. 2. m<
81.07
den' den'
den' J den' ;
very much
81.07b
desi
desi ;
tomorrow
BjJB
74.14
deudeu
ki-deudeu ; shi-deudeu ki- ; shi-
squat
45.06
dil
ki-di ; shi-di ki- ; shi-

stick
41.03
ki-di kifuiii ; shi-di shifuiii ki- ; shi-
short stick (lit. stick which is short)
75.14
ki-di kya ] rri'fi ; shi-di sha ] mlfi ki- ; shi-
arrowshaft (lit. stick+of+arrow)
34.13
di2
ki-di ; shi-di (<Sw) ki- ; shi-
chair, stool
25.07
dicha
e-dicha ; e-
run (to -), run away (to -) , escape <of a captive> (to -)
edicha iwee, to dush out of a stone.
46.35 46.26, 56.15
e-dicha ] den' ; e-
run fast (to -)
46.36 81.07
dich-i-a
e-dichia ; appl. e-
chase (to -), run after (to -)
52.2
dich-i-r-a
e-dichira ;
appl. e-
chase away (to -), chase to catch (to -), drive away (chickens from a room) (to -)
52.20b 34.08
didi
1-didi ; ma-didi i- ; ma-
cf. fig. 3 1 in Illustrations
tree with short thorns
40.17
dika
e-dika ; e-
1. send (by post) (to -), send (sb) (to -), deliver (to -), 2. brew (to -), 3. help to put (to
-)
1. i3 (iPfltC-) . 2. SSrf^S (JfiJS3<O^T<oifiSSrV%5) - 3. %e<<D#JE5

e-ki-dika send it (by post) (to -)
53.39 19.11b
;
e-dika ] baruo (baruo?) e-
send a letter (by post), deliver a letter (to -)
i3 (SMTP-)
53.39b
e-dika ] n'-dwe-n' ; e-
put up (sth) on one's head (to -)
61.22
e-ku-dika ;
(ku=reflex) e-
carry (to -) (lit. to send oneself)
61.17
e-ku-dika ] ikoso-n' ; e-
shoulder (to -)
61.2
e-ku-dlka mungo-n' ; e-
carry (sth) on one's back (to -)
61.24
e-ku-dika n'-dwe-n' ; e-
carry (sth) on one's head (to -)
61.21
dinal
e-dina ; e-
cp. "rumble (70.22)" in TP

circumcise (to -) (The foreskin is cut in round slice in case of men. The clitoris is cut
off in case of women.)
30.1
din-o
e-dino ; pass. e-
circumcised (to be -)
ML ;fc
30.10b
dina2
e-dina ; e-
cp. "circumcise (30.10)" in TP

rumble (to -)
bi6<
70.22
dingo
ki-dingo ; shi-dingo ki- ; shi-
cluster of bananas
41.401
;
ding'isa
e-ding'isa ; e-
shake (to -)
61.65 45.36
e-ding'isa ndwe ; e-
shake one's head (to -)
45.35
e-ding'isa n'-ji ; e-
shake a tree to make fruits down (to -)
41.31
dirisha
i-dirisha ; ma-dirisha (<Sw) i- ; ma-
window (all traditional houses have no window to prevent coldness)
24.31
do
u-do ; =sg u- ;
- elu ;
-
cf. Bile is not used for cooking,

bile, gallbladder (The bile is not used for cooking as a flavor.)
05.18b
docha
e-docha ; e-
pierce (to -), prod (with a stick) (to -)
34.22b 16.05,64.12
e-docha ] irocho ( > e-doche ] erocho) e-
make a hole (to -)
66.06
doch-i-a
e-dochia ; appl.? e-
stick (sth) into the ground (to -)
73.26
docha-docha
e-docha-docha ; e-
stab many times (to -)
34.22c
dodo
i-dodo ; ma-dodo i- ; ma-
mud
m
73.18
dodokwo
e-dodokwo ;
hurt (to -)
10.06b
e-dodokwo ki-donda ;
hurt a sore (to -)
10.06
dokwo
e-dokwo ;
idle (to be -)
fe*fr*
47.44
dola
e-dola ;
peck (to -), pick up food bit by bit (for a bird to -)
38.43 38.44
doma
e-doma ;
decrease (to -), few (to become -), small (to be -)
59.38 75.09
donda
ki-donda ; shi-donda (<Sw?) ki- ; shi-
wound
10.04
ki-donda n'-dou ; shi-dondo n'dou (<Sw?) ki- : shi-
wound on the head
10.05
ki-donda ndwe-n' ; shi-dondo ndwe-n' (<Sw?) ki- ; shi-
wound on the head
10.05b
doo
e-doo ;
send (sth) (to -), deliver (to -), marry (for man to -)
its, m-t. mmirz mtf-)
50.21b
e-doo ] mboni ;
report (to -)
50.21
e-doo ] mitara ; e-
polygamize (to -)
28.16
u-doo ; ngyuu-doo u- ; ngyuu- elu ; eti
pitfall (on trail of wild animals)

mtLK (KJIKS15-)
34.29
dooda
ma-dooda ;
- ; ma-
sticky saliva
Xtcti
32.21
dooka
e-dooka ; e-
acidic (to be -), sour (to be -), sour (to go -)
$?oiiv\ 8otf<45
23.05
dook-o
n'-dooko ; mi-dooko N'- ; mi-
acidity, sourness
23.06
doota
e-doota ; e-
snap (to -), break (to -), split (a branch) (to -)
64.06 64.21
e-doota kiasa ; e-
break one's promise (to -)
50.55
e-doota kidingo ; e-
break off a banana (from the bunch, with hands) (to -)
41.41
e-doota ] m'-ba ; e-
break a house (to -), destroy (to -)
mvm-t (&)
64.23
e -doota ] h'-rya ; e-
twist the neck (of a bird) (to -)
38.16
doot-o
e-dooto ; pass., stat e-
snapped (to -), broken off naturally

be (to be -), split (to be -)
8ff>*i<5. bifitiZ. tffTV^-5. a ft -5

64.07 41.42,64.22
;
doo-k-a
e-dooka ;
stat. e-
snapped (to be already -), broken (to be already -), broken off <for a banana> (to be
already -)
64.07b 41.42a
dori
n'-dorl ; mi-don N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
whistling
51.2
doro
ri'-doro ; ml-doro N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
cp. "ndooro (Kilimanjaro Colobus), 33.04" in VL

ululation
51.18
du
i-du ; ma-du l- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
ear
1.25
ka-du ; =sg ka- eki ; eshi
ear
%
01.25b
dude
ki-dude ; shi-dude ki- ; shi-

lamp (traditional -)
70.14
dudwo
e-dudwo ( e-ludwo)
uproot (to -)
43.33b
dufi
i-dufi ; ma-dufi l- ; ma-
excreta (of human beings)
6.36
dukal
n'-duka ; mi-duka, shi-duka N'- ; mi-, shi- etu ; eyi, eshi
silk tree (bot. albizzia) (Long ago, the corpse was put near the base of this tree.)
31.15b
; ;
duka2
-diika ; ma-duka (<Sw) zero- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
shop
fS
54.5
duma
e-duma ; e-
send (to -)
46.50b
e-n'-duma ] ri'-ndu ; e-
send a man (to -)
46.5
dum'bwo
e-durri'bwo e-
including the meaning of the passive form.

1. chop (e.g., tree, firewood, sugar-cane, neck, etc.) (to -), cut (to -), chopped (to be -),
consensus (to reach a -), 2. cross (to -), 3. deduct (to -)
1. fcfc#SJS, #ofc9JS. np3)e>ti3. jftlLtf-gc-rs. 2. 8fJ5, 3. oi><

ngadum'bwo n'ji etu enu. I cut this tree today.;
Saroni nyadum'bwo n'ji. Saroni chopped the tree.;

h'ji nyodum'bwo n' Saroni. The tree is chopped by Saroni,;
64.01c 64.0 Id, 46.43, 59.43
e-durri'bwo chia ; e-
cross a road (to -)
46.43b
e-durri'bwo kar'itasi ; e-
cut (paper) (to -)
Z> (ift)
64.05
e-durri'bwo singo ; e-
cut the throat (to -)
34.31
e-durri'bwo ] mboni e-
settle a dispute (to -), settle an argument (to -) (lit. to cut + matter/opinion)
52.06 64.01
dum'bwo-dum'bwo
e-durri'bwo-dum'bwo ; e-
cut into pieces (to -)
64.03
;
dumi
n'-duml ; w-orrii N 1
- ; wa- etu ; ewa

man, male (of a human being)
30.02
dumuo
e -dumuo ; e-
peel (to -)
&fr< (Hfctf)-)
41.37
e-dumuo makundu ; e-
peel (a ripe banana) (to -)
41.43
dunka
n'-dunka ; wa-ka N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa
woman, female (of a human being)
30.03
duo
e-duo ; e-
put down (luggage) from head (to -)
&5-f (HI^S>ffi-)
61.56c
duul
-duu zero-
empties, empty bottle/tin etc., without anything
21.23b 78.0 Id, 60.07
duu2
i-duu ; ma-duu i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
leaf
m (*<*x m^-)
41.14
i-duu lya ] mbatu ; ma-duu a ] mbatu i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa

tobacco leaf (lit. leaf of tabacco)
40.41
duuna
e -duuna ; e-
clear (bush) (to -)

#r9lll<
43.04b
e-duiina n'-deme ; e-
1. "euuna", 2. "ekora mudo", 3. "ekuruo shituburu", 4. "ekecho", 5. "ewadawada", 6.

ewaakya" <Dimft-?mMtffifr>tiZ>o
open the field (to -), make a garden (to -) (lit. slash down + cultivated area)
HHH-3
43.04
dwang'ane
ri'-dwa-ng'ane ; wa-ndwa-ng'ane N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa
adult (man/woman)
30.11
dwe
n'-dwe ; mi-dwe N'- ; mi- etu ; eti
head, tip, point
elyo ri'dwe, to have a headache (lit. to be

eaten+head)
n'-dou, on the head.
1.01 66.01
n'-dwe o ] rri'fi ; mi-dwe ya ] rriifi N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi

arrowhead (lit. head+of+arrow)
34.14
ebechwo
e-ebechwo ;
belch after drinking milk (for a baby to -)
06.29b
echura
e-echiira ;
fill up a hole (to -)
73.21
eda
e-eda ; e-
1. surpass (to -), over than (to be -), 2. enter (to -), get in (to -)
l. ffi^3 (~-) . S (~fc-) . fiv^ (~<fc3-) . 2. A5

65.04 46.08
e-eda ] keesho ; e-
cf. keesho < ki-esho (78.01)

exceed (to -) (lit. to be over than + measure)
65.04b
ee
ee ;
yes
m^ mm
82.01
; ; 1
eeka
eeka ;
Good bye!, Go well! (lit. thanks) (answer for "na kofo (Good bye, Stay well)", used
by the person who is remaining.), Good morning! (answer for "na anto (Good
morning)"), Good evening! (the answer for "ne sindiso (Good day, Good afternoon,
Good evening)"), Good night! (answer for "aro kucha (Good night!)")
&?>!> *Stt<k5!, 5-ffi.m. *$*-*-#. ("eeka"teôS7t;:^tg#69*^-*XS1-
fg"mbe, sa, ma, keku"r#oTfflt/Mbtl5o )
82.04b 82.05b 82.06b, 82.07b
eeka mbe. ;
Good morning! (for the first-born (son / daughter))

fciiJ: 5!
82.05c
eeka sa. ;
Good morning! (for sons except the first-born)

*Sf<fc5!
82.0Sd
eeka ma. ;
Good morning! (for the second daughter)

*3{4<fc5!
82.05e
eeka ] keku. ;
Good morning! (for daughters except the first and second daughters)
*5:5!
82.05f
eeka J den'
thank you very much
82.1
eeka ] na iruwa nakwengerie ;
thank you very much and God bless you. (lit. Thank (you) + and+ God+ he will add
more you) to
hVfrboo ft<DZtiamtfh<Qt.iroio
82.10b
eembe
u-eembe (> w-eembe) ; mb-eembe (<Sw?) u- ; N'- elu ; eti
razor
17.09
eeo
w-eeo (< u-eeo) u- elu

white
e
68.05
efU
i-efu ; ma-efu ( > me-efu) i- ; ma-

thin pillar in the wall of a traditional conical house (made of a kind of big wild ferns
gowing near the river from Mt. Kilimanjaro. Thick pillar called "i-mbochiki" and a
thin pillar called "i-efu" are placed one after the other in the wall.)
Tr, Z.ti&bLX{o, HtfxfMfflWft "i-efu" ir*V^"i-mbochiki"r^5(C^TT^< )
24.17b
ekena
e-ekena ; e-
count (to -)
59.3
ekera
e-sungania ; e-
put sth on sth (to -), pile up (to -)
61.45
e-ekera ; e-
put sth on the top (to -)
61.45b
eki
ki-ndo eki ; shi-ndo eshi ki- ; shi-
this thing
79.09d
ekia (= akanya)
e-ekia ;
assist (to -), help (to -)
47.03b
ekyo
ki-ndo ekyo ; shi-ndo esho ki- ; shi-
that thing
79.10d
elal
e-ela ; e-
winnow with blowing (to -), sway (to -)
43.26 61.66
ela2
e-ela ;
e_
dark (to get -), go down (for the sun) (to -)
B<*3. gîi^'T, *jWI<
70.11 69.05
;
elea
e-elea ;
(<Sw)
remain on the surface of water (to -)
&< (*-)
72.27
eler'i
elerl ; =sg, (<Sw. "hela") zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
money
53.16b
ema
e-ema (< e-ima) -
e-
deny (to -), refuse (to -), forbid (to -), prohibit to eat (a certain thing) (to -)
50.47 47.04b, 50.61, 22.23
embal
e-emba ; e-
= "maize, 40.26"
sing (to -) (Kiwoso origin)
*5
51.08
emba2
e-emba (< i-emba) ; me-emba i- ; ma-
maize, maize plant, maize grain, corn (one of the staple food in recent days, also used
as a material of alcoholic drinks)
tH6:L (>, figft) (-km#VMm)
40.26
me-emba (aan) mafuta aan chumbi l- ; ma- - ; ewa

maize, oil or salt
*>fX;Wft;Hfi
81.19b
me-emba (na) mafuta na chumbi ; zero- ; ma-

maize, oil and salt
81.18c
me-emba aan' ] mafuta ; zero- ; ma-

maize or oil
81.19
me-emba ] na mafuta ; zero- ; ma-

maize and oil
81.18b
embe, -eembe?
e-embe / -eembe? ; me-embe (<Sw) zero- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
mango (a kind of fruits) (introduced recently)
41.46
emial
e-emia ;
e-
overpower (to -)
56.06a
emia2
e-emia ; e-
heavy (to be -)
75.18
ri'-ndu acheemiaa ; wa-ndu wacheemiaa N'- ; wa-

heavy person
JlVÂ
75.17b
emer'i
u-emerl ; u- elu
weight, heaviness
75.19b
emuya
e-emiiya ; e-
breathe (to -)
6.12
e-emiiya ferefere ; e-
breathe quickly (to -)
6.13
enda
e-enda ; e
go (to -), go away (to -)
ff<, *6
enda. Go!
kula ende-n'. (> kule ende-n' ) Don't go! (lit. not+go-?)
46.01
e-enda ambia ; <
go to meet sb coming (to -)
54.37
e-enda duu ; (
go barefoot (to -)
15.24
e-enda ] kimwi ; <
walk side by side (to -)
46.29
e-enda kimwi ;
go together (to -), accompany (to -)
46.48
e-enda ko-mbe ; e-
go beyond (a mountain) (to -)
Mz.Z>
46.15
e-enda ] kyaro-n' ; e-
travel (to -)
m-rz
46.55
e-enda malimu nalaandefika ; e-
go before teacher's arrival (to -) (lit. to go+teacher+who has not arrive)
%K'fs< (%&*)-)
46.03b
e-enda ] mbong'o ; e-
go slowly (to -)
^>o< <on<
46.39
e-enda ruru ; e-
go straight (to -)
*oi"<*ff<
46.04
ende
e-ende ; e-
bring (to -)
&oT<5
46.45
e-ende ] kindo ; e-
bring something (to -)
#oT<3
61.14
endelea
e-endelea ;
(<Sw) e-
continue (to -)
m<
76.07
e-endelea na kinindio ; e-
continue one's work (to -)
W5 (tt*r)
76.08
endesha
e-endesha ; (<Sw) e-
1 . drive (a car) (to -), steer (to -), 2. have diarrhea (to -), have loose bowels (to -)
i. mi-tz. 2. rmzirz
46.59 08.15d
enga
ki-enga ; she-enga ki- ; shi-
piece, half
66.03 59.47
enganyi
kye-enganyi ; she-enganyi ki- ; shi-
tinea
ffl*
11.04
engera
e-engera ; e-
add (to -)
7JBX.-5
59.42
e-engera ngwi mudo-n' ; e-
put firewood in fire (to -) (lit. to add +firewood +in fire)
48.19 59.42
enger-ik-a
e-engerika ; e-
increase (to -), numerous (to become -)
if* 3
59.37
era
e-era ; e-
throw (a ball/lance) (to -), throw down (to -), seed (millet seeds) (to -), sow (to -),
scatter (to -), leak (to -; generic)
e-era ifumu, to throw a lance.

51.28 34.21,49.29,52.17,43.12
e-era e-fo ; e-
throw (sth) away (to -)

mxs ojs**-)
61.57b
e-era efo ] mbosha ; e-
throw away rubbish (to -) (lit. throw +overthere +rubbish)
26.06
erengede
e-erengede ; stat. e-
loose (for a nail/something tied to become -)
tPZt! (#r>X^1fb<D/ttm&-)
62.2 62.28
; ;; ;
en
kye-eri, kye-er'i ; she-eri ki- ; shi-
chin
II
1.28
ena
e-eria ; e-
lift (to -), pick up (sth on the floor) (to -)
61.53 61.13,53.08
en
ki-er'i (> kye-er'i) ki- ; shi-
time, period
#. mrs. mm
74.01 74.02
ki-er'i ke demia (< kier'i ka edemia) ki-
weeding season (about August to September) (lit. time of weeding)

i$.Mvm (8^^p>9^s)
74.27c
ki-er'i ke sambuo (< kier'i ka esambwo) ki-
harvesting season (about February to March) (lit. time of harvesting)
74.27
ki-er'i ke wakya (< kier'i ka ewakya) ki-
planting season (about July) (lit. time of planting)
74.27b
kye-er'i kingaki? ;
ki-
when? (lit. which+time/period?)

VYO?
80.05c
kye-er'i kya kwansa ; ki-
for the first time
59.49
kye-er'i kya kaana ; ki-
for the fourth time
59.49d
kye-er'i kya kabi ; ki-

for the second time
rg
59.49b
kye-er'i kya kadadu ; ki-

for the third time
59.49c
; ;
kye-er'i kya tanu ; ki-
for the fifth time
59.49e
ki-er'i kya lisaniini (> ki-er'i kyo osaniini) ki-
during a daytime
74.04b
ki-er'i kyo ; ki-
at the moment when
74.02b
esha
e-esha ; e-
measure (to -)
59.45
e-kw-esha e-ku-
provoke and watch the reaction (to -)
47.49
esh-o
ki-esho ; shi-esho ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
1. length, weight, depth, 2. measurement, dimensions, 3. measure, amount
i. *. *. mz. 2. tm, mm. , 3. ^j. t^L
59.46 75.13,78.01b
ki-esho ke leeya ; ki-
length (lit. dimension+of+to be long)
75.13b
ki-esho ke olokya ; ki-
depth (lit. dimension+of+to be deep)
75.13d
kl-esho ke shaama wuye ; ki-
height (lit. dimension+of+to go up+sky)
75.13c
ew'elya
e-ew'elya ; e-
sneak (to -), follow secretly/quietly (to -), stalk (to -)
34.05
ewia
e-ew'ia ; appl.
blow with one's mouth (to -), steal from sb (to -)

vk< (PTr-)
6.16
;
faama
e-faama e-
smell (to -) (vi)
faamia. smell!
07.21b
e-faama ] nicha ; e-
smell good (to -)
7.21
faam-i-a
e-faamia ; e-
smell (to -) (vt)
07.21c 40.43b
e-faamia ] mbatu ; e-
sniff(to-)
40.43b
faam-o
n'-faamo ; =sg N'- ; N'- etu ; eyi
smell, odour
7.19
faamaaya-ako
n'-faamaaya-ako ; wa-faamaaye-wako N'- ; wa-
my elder sister
2736
faamaaya-akwe
n'-faamaaya-akwe ; wa-faamaaye-wakwe N'- ; wa-
his elder sister
** (-)
27.36b
faamaaye
n'-faamaaye ; wa-faamaaye N'- ; wa-
elder sister (used by younger brothers) (lit. daughter of his mother)
ffi/o\ #afr)
27.39
fajio
i-fajio ; ma-fajio i- ; ma-

nightjar (one of the prohibited food to eat)
22.24d
;
faka
e-faka ;
defecate (to -)
6.35
fana
e-fana ; e-
colour (to bear a -)
68.04b
e-fana ly-eeo ; e-
white (to be -; sth of Noun class 5)
68.07
e-fana samu ; e-
red (to become -)
68.04
e-fana wuu ; e-
black (to be -)
68.1
-fana ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
colour (principally consisting of red, black, white and green)
68.01
-fana ya samu ; zero-

red colour
68.02
fatya
e-fatya e-
follow (behind) (to -), follow (animals) (to -), trace (footprints of animals) (to -)
46.3 34.04
fere-fere
-fere -fere ;
quickly
06.10b
tl
n'-fi ; mi-fi N'- ; mi-

arrow, matchwood, match
34.12 48.23
; )
ficha
e -ficha ;
e-
spit out (sth) (to -)

tt&1-(P <##>>
06.18b
e -ficha maade ; e-
spit spittle (to -)

nD<
6.18
fichi
i-fichi ; ma-fichi i- ; ma-

cloud
69.11
fida
-fida ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
war
56.01
fiira
e-fiira ; e-
cry (to -), sob (to -)
57.09 57.08
e-fiira mi-chechere ; e-
shed tears (to -)
6.03
fiisha
e-fiisha ; e-
make short (to -)
63.24
fina
e-fina e-
dance (to -)
51.04
findika
e-findika ; e-
ripen (fruits) artificially (to -)
41.54
finiko
ki-finiko ; shi-finiko (<Sw) ki- ; shi-
lid, stopper
^> &
21.19 21.05
;
finikya
e-finikya ; e-
stop up (bottle) (to -)
21.06
finya
-finya ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
strength, force
75.32 75.33
firingo
n'-firingo ; mi-firingo (<Sw?) N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
round state (<Sw?)
63.12b
fisi
i-fisl ; ma-fisl i- ; ma-

carnivore, carnivorous wild animal
33.01b
fisya
e-fisya ; e-
lie in wait (to -), ambush (to -)
34.06
fita
e-fita ; e-
deliver (to -)
sail -f s
53.4
fol
ri'-fo ; mi-n'-fo N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
trench surrounding a farm to protect from animals (mainly bush pigs)
StT#*fflfcAS>fc^fc5fr-f3fcftfcB3gRi^ (2m) HI
24.36
fo2
e-fo e-
die (to -), go out <of fire> (to -)
31.01 48.15
e-fo madu ; e-
deaf (to become -) (lit. to die + ears)
13.07b
m'-fo madu ; wa-fo madu N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa

deaf person
13.07
; ; 3
fu
u-fu u- elu
death
31.02
n'-fu ; wa-fu N'- ; wa-

dead person, corpse
31.03
fo3
kwi-fo irike / kuu-fo irike ;
It is hot. (for the weather, fire, temperature of a body, etc.)
**> (#) .
75.26b
fonda
e-fonda ; e-
1. inspect by pressing whether ripe or not (to -), 2. mash banana with hands to brew
an alcoholic drink "kibukusa" (to -)
1. fflLxm^-Z (MVofr&tiX^Zfrh: ofr&-) . 2. T ivzi-ivi^n "kibukusa" $r^
41.58
fongo
n'-fongo ; mi-fongo N'- ; mi-
irrigation, irrigation stream, canal
72.01b
fool
e-foo e-
cool down (to -), mild (to be -)
23.09 75.50b
ri'-ndu n-foo ; wa-ndu wafoo N'- ; wa-

mild person
75.5
foo2
foo ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
curse
60.16 52.03
forifo
ki-forifo ; shi-forifo ki- ; shi-

finger-whistling
TB ES
51.21b
forongota
e-forongota ;
muddle (to -)
88>-t\ MbitZ
e-ki-forongota muddle it (to -)
72.5
e-forongota muda ;
muddle by stirring (to -)
72.50b
fota
e-fota ; e-
1. inspect by pressing whether ripe or not (to -), 2. mash banana with hands to brew
an alcoholic drink "kibukusa" (to -)
1. fflLXm^Z (lltl^tlTV^îf 9/^-) , 2. T iV-n-iVtkU^ "kibukusa" &WZ

41.58b
fota-fota
e-fota-fota ; e-
massage (to -)
14.02b
foya
i-foya ; ma-foya i- ; ma-
feather
m
38.32
foyia
e -foyia ; e-
cross a river on foot (to -)
#V<>TS (Jl|)
72.39
fill
n'-fu ; wa-efu (> we-efu) N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa

daughter
m
27.32
fii2
i-fu ; ma-fu i- ; ma-

ashes
48.03
fii3
n'-fu ; N'- ; N'- etu ; eyi

1. way of water <after the rain>, 2. dead person
1. TkcojttUt (FUStW-) . 2. *EA
72.1
fuda
ma-fuda ;
- ; ma- - : ewa
oil (generic; made from fat, milk, plants, etc.)
19.16
ma-fuda a iw'ee ; ; ma-

butter (lit. oil of udder)
32.18c
ma-fuda a taa ;
- ; ma- - ; ewa
lamp oil
19.16c
ma-fuda ekora ; ; ma- ewa

cooking oil
19.16b
file
i-fue ; ma-fue i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa

baboon (no baboon at present)
33.03
fiijyo
e-fujyo ;
compensate (to -)
53.31
fukol
-fiiko ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
mole
*><*&
33.51
fiiko2
n'-fuko ; mi-fuko N'- ; mi-

bag (generic)
61.25
n'-fuko o usasl ; mi-fuko ta usasl N'- ; mi-

womb
5.22
m'-fuko o udo ; mi-fuko ya udo N'- ; mi-

gall-bladder
5.18
fula
e-fula ;
scatter (to -)
61.35e
fula-fula
e -fula-fula ;
scatter terribly (to -)

t> if <&># 3
6135d
fuli
n'-fuli ; mi-fuli (<Sw?) N'- ; mi-

umbrella
18.07
fuluya
e-fuluya ;
bubble up (to -), float up (to -) (vi)
20.05 72.28
fumba
e -fumba ;
choke (to -)
56.13
fumbudu
i-fumbiidu ; ma-fumbudu l- : ma-
owl (one of the prohibited food to eat)
38.12 22.24
fumu
i-fumu ; ma-fumu l- ; ma-
spear, lance, dart (generic)
* otao
e-woo na ifumu, ] to hunt with a spear.
34.2
fumuo
e -fumuo mbii ;
undo (the hair) (to -)
17.06
funga
e-funga ;
(<Sw)
bind (to -), fasten (to -), detain (to -)
52.19 32.37,56.17b
;
e-ku-funga ;
(ku=reflex) e-
1. bind each other (to -), 2. pregnant (for human beings) (to become -)
1. 5WU5> 2. UMirZ (ARBtf-)

52.19e 29.01
fung-wo
e-fungwo anto. e-
unbind (to -)
m< (^*. *gtfs-)

52.19b
fung-o
e-fungo ;
pass. e-
bound (to -be) (pass)
52.19c
fung-y-a
e-fungya ;
appl. e-
bind for (sb) (to -) (appl)
ngl-fungyaa adolufu n'kucha. I bind the luggage for Adolufu.
ngl-terewa adolufu na-ngi-fungie n'kucha. I make Adolufu bind the luggage for me.
(lit. I beg Adolufu to bind luggage for
me.)
52.19d
fungade
m'-fungande ; m'-
seven
fc
59.07
funjo
ki-funjo ; ki- ; shi-
Vunjo language
50.04c
funwo
e-funwo ; e-
take out the stopper (to -)
21.07
furil
ki-furi ; shi-furi ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi

state of inside out, something opposite
15.05b
furi2
i-furi ; ma-furi i- ; ma-

yam (a kind of-)
40.35e
fur'umia
e -fur'umia ; e-
last (to be the -)
76.06
fur'umi-o
ki-fur'umio ; ki-
end (of story /examination/TV program, etc.)
76.06b
fur'umio-n'
ki-fur'umio-n' ; ki-
finally
76.06c
fusa
-fusa ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
jigger (Kiwoso origin)
39.21
futal
e-futa ;
(<Sw) e-
smoke (to -)
Wo (MM-*-)
40.43d
e-futa 1 mbatu ;
(<Sw) e-
smoke (to -)
40.43c
futa2
u-futa ; =sg u- elu
sesame (recently introduced and very popular now) (< borrowed?)
40.55
fuuya
e-fuiiya ; e-
shallow (to be -), short (to be -), near (to be -), low (to be -)
jV\ $V\ il/\ {SV^

72.14 75.15,75.42b
fuui
ku-fuui ; ku-
near, near place, shallow place in the river, short distance
v\ m, mm. isvêii. xv&^m
ikei kufuui. It's near.
kufuui na m'-ba, near the house.

67.16 67.13.72.13
;
i-kongo lyifuui ; i- ; ma-

short log
75.14b
ri'-lima n'-fuiii ; mi-lima mi-fuiii N'- ; mi-

low mountain
75.42
u-fuui ; u-
shortness
75.16
fiiwa
m'-fuwa o ] ganya ; mi-fuwa ya ] ganya N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
bellows (lit. ?+smithy)
47.17
fwal
e-fwa ; e-
scribe the surface of ground with a how called "ibakwao" to cut and remove weeds (to
-)
ttffi"ibakwao" () -?&#&?, LT\ m$-*WV)WLZ>

43.01b
fwa2
m'-fwa maa-ye a ndee-ye (m'-fwa < m'-fua) N'- ; wa-
wa-fwa maaye a ndeeye
aunt (father's elder/younger sister) (lit. daughter+of+mother-her+of+father-his)
27.45b
fwo, fuo
i-fwo, i-fuo ; ma-fwo, ma-fuo i- ; ma-
bone (of human being/animal/fish)
5.01 37.13
i-fwo lya ] ri'dwe ; ma-fuo a ] ri'dwe i- ; ma-

skull
5.04
i-fwo lya ] ri'rya ; ma-fwo a ] ri'rya i- ; ma-

shoulder blade (lit. bone of the neck)
5.05
G
ganya
ganya ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
smithy
47.13
gwo, guo
ri'-gwo / ri'-guo ; =sg (<Sw) N'- ; N'- eyi ; eti
clothes
15.01b
ri'-gwo (i)ngyuumu ; ri'-gwo tlingyuumu (<Sw) N'- ; N'- eyi ; eti
dry clothes
49.13
H
haa
e-haa ;
scrape sth off (to -)
37.12
e-haa matunda ;
pick fruits (from a tree) (to -)
41.3
e-haa mbala ;
scrape off scales (to -)
37.12
u-haa ; ngyuu-haa u- ; ngyuu-

baldness
1.06
haiya
e-haiya ;
bad (to be -), spoiled/broken (to be already -) (stat)
75.03 64.19b
haiy-o
e-haiyo ;
feel sad (to -), feel displeased (to -)
57.07 57.27
hewa
hewa ; (<Sw?) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
air
69.36
homa
homa ; (<Sw?) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
fever
8.16
; ; ;
ia
e-ia ;
yawn (to -)
6.23
e-ia mooyi ;
yawn (to -)
06.23b
ichiw'ia
e-ichiw'ia (> e-echiw'ia)

get accustomed to (to -)
58.31
icho-icho
icho-icho ; e-
a few days ago

mnm
74.21b
ichura2
e-ichwo n'sia (> e-echwo n'sia)

feel anxious (to -) (lit. to full+anxiety)
58.29
ichur'al
e-ichur'a / e-echur'a (< e-ichur'a)

fill up (to -)
21.24
ichuo, echuo
e-ichuo (> e-echiio / i-ichiio) ;
full (to become -)
21.25
ida
e-ida ;
pass (to -), outrun (sb) (to -)
46.42 46.31
idekila
e-idekila ;
knock (to -)
24.08
;;
idi
ki-idi ;
ki- eki
inside, centre, middle
kiidi kya ibokisi, inside of a box.;
ibokisi-n', inside of a box.

kiidi kya miji, between trees.
67.07 67.04
ki-idi kya ; ki- ;

- eki ;
-
between
67.03b
idikiral
e-edikira (< e-idikira) e-
= greet (to -)?

visit (to -)
54.4
idikira2
e-edikira (< e-idikira) e-
= visit (to -)?
greet (to -)
e-we-edikira (< e-idikira) greet them (to -)
50.28
idikya
e-edikya (< e-idikya) e-
answer (to -), answer a call (to -)
50.37 50.26
idima
e-edima / i-idima ; e-
have an ability (to -), can, accomplish (to -), succeed (to -), deal sth well (to -)
Tr#S, SBj1-3. J&Jft-fS, ^Kft5
ngichiidima ekiwuta. I can do it.
liichiidima ekiwuta. We can do it.
77.02 47.50, 47.52
iichi
mw-iicKi ; w-eechl mu- ; wa- etu ; ewa

go-between, messenger who brings bride price
28.09b
ijumaa
-ijumaa ; (<Sw) zero- eyi
Friday
74.38e
;
iko
mw-iko ; mi-iko (<Sw) mu- ; mi- etu ; eyi

ladle for mush (recently introduced with mush called "ugali").
21.13b
ila loda
ila loda ;
(Tone?)
without taste
*tLT (*-)
81.15c
ileeda, ikeeda
ileeda / ikeeda ;
four days after
74.03c
ileshia
ileshia ;
four days ago

EHmf
74.03d
imia
e-imia ; e-
escort (to -)
Htm
46.47b
indi-i?
indi-i? ;
when? (lit. when)
80.05b
ny-indii? (< n' indi-i?)
ny-indu? (< ri-ndi-i?)
when? (lit. it is+when?)

vô (lit. <Dm ?
80.05
ininga
e-ininga (> e-eninga / i-ininga) ;

e-
(preferred by old people)

give (to -), give food (to -), feed (to -)
53.01 22.02b
e-eninga iw'ee ; e-
give the breast to a child (to -), breast (to -), feed a child (to -)
29.16
e-eninga kelya ; e-
feed (to -) (lit. to give food+food)
22.02c
e-eninga r'ina ; e-
name (to -) (lit. give+name)
29.12
e-kw-lninga ;
(ku=reflex) e-
give each other (to -)
53.01 d
ining-i-a
e-ening-i-a ;
appl.? e-
give for (sb) (to -), give to (sb) (to -)
#i5 (ftzNc-)
53.01b
e-ening-i-a ;
caus.? e-
give (to make sb -)
53.01c
ining-o
e-ening-o ; pass., stat.? e-
given (to be -)
53.01e 53.01 f
inu
mii-inu ; we-enu (< wa-inu) mu- ; wa- etu ; ewa
guest, visitor, stranger
54.3
myi
mw-inyi ; we-enyl mu- wa-; etu ; ewa
owner
54.28
mw-inyi bo ; we-enyi bo mu- wa-; etu ; ewa

host
54.29
iricha
e-iricha ; e-
stop (to -), stop to wait (to -), pause (to -), remain (to -) (vi)
46.51b
mw-ir 1 ; mi-ir 1 mu- ; mi- etu ; eyi

moon, month, moonlight
M (fio-) R (Sco-) - . n%
69.03 74.18,70.08
mw-ir'i tu / mw-ir'i etu ;

mu-
this month
74.41
mw-ir'i ulesya ; mu-

last month (lit. month which ended recently)
%n
mw-ir'i uucha ; mu-

next month (lit. month+a little later+which will come)
%n
74.42
mw-ir'i o kwansa ; mu-

January (lit. month +of +one)
in (iit.M.t]<DM)
74.37
mw-ir'i o kabi ; mu-

February (lit. month +of +two)
in (iit.n^)
74.37b
mw-ir'i o kadadu ; mu-

March (lit. month +of +three)
3M (lit. =<DM)
74.37c
mw-ir'i o kaana ; mu-

April (lit. month +of +four)
An dit. mnn)
74.37d
mw-ir'i o tanu ; mu .
May (lit. month +of +five)

sn (lit. (75/3)
74.37e
mw-ir'i o sita ; mu .
June (lit. month +of +six)
en (lit.Atf>)
74.37f
mw-ir'i o saba ; mu .
July (lit. month +of +seven)
74.37g
mw-ir'i o narii ; mu .
August (lit. month +of +eight)
sn ait. /\<Dn)
74.37h
; ;
mw-ir i o tisa ; mu-

September (lit. month +of +nine)
9R (lit. A^)
74.37i
mw-ir'i o ikumi ; mu-

October month +of +ten)
(lit.
10/! (lit. +<D)

74.37J
mw-ir'i o ikumi na umwi ; mu-

November month +of +eleven)
(lit.
nj? (lit. +<r>n)

74.37k
mw-ir'i o ikumi na kabi ; mu-

December (lit. month +of +twelve)
Uft (lit. +->)
74.371
isa
e-isa / e-isa ; e-
bring domestic animals to meadow for grazing (to -)
32.36
isawumbe
ki-isawumbe ; shi-isawumbe ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
pin-tailed bird (which is black and white with a long tail)
38.12f
isha
ma-isha ;
(<Sw) ma- - ; ewa
life
-
31.1
ishi
e-ishl (> e-esKl / i-ishi )
alive (to be -), dwell (to -)
nyachiishii. He is alive.;
ngichiishii. I am alive.;
31.06 24.4
ita
e-eta (< e-ita )
let in (to -), get into (to -), take in (to -)
54.41
e-ita ] rri'-ba ;
take in (laundry, etc.) (to -) (lit. get sth into+house)

Jft <0 ait?. :9A*l5
15.19
;; ;
ltya
e-itya (> e-etya / i-itya )
hear (to -), feel (to -)
m<
7.15
e-itya ] n'-faamo ;
receive a smell (sth) (to -) (lit. smell the smell)
7.22
e-itya urunguswo ;
giddy, dizzy (to become -)
12.05
ity-o (> ety-o)
e-ityo (> e-etyo ) pass.
heard (to be -)
7.17
iwa
e-iwa (> e-ewa )
steal (to -)
53.37
iw-o
e-ewo ; pass.
stolen (to be -)
53.37b
lwuru
e-iwur u ;
mouth after swallowing

put milk back in the (to -)
JL^rnw + tcbifl- (**t*;fctfe*&tr)
29.18b
lyama
e-iyama ;
avoid (sth) (to -) (lit. to step aside)
45.44
Jll
n -ji ; mi-ji N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi

tree, medicine
*, m
40.01 14.08
n'-ji eto ungi (> n-je etii ungi) N'-

the next tree
59.52b
n -ji mueni ; mi-ji ngeeni / mi-ji meeni N'- ; mi-

tree itself
79.07i
n -ji kwansa ;
N'-
the first tree
59.50b
n -ji etu ; mi-ji eyi N'- ; mi-

this tree
79.09b
n-ji eto ; mi-ji iyo N'- ; mi-

that tree
79.10b
n -ji 1 lilya ; mi-ji ]

yia N'- ; mi-
that tree over there
79.11b
n -ji ulyaulya mi-ji yiayia (Tone?) N'- ; mi-

same tree
75.76e
ji2
n -ji ; mi-ji (<Sw) N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
town
n'-ji-ni in a town
mi-ji-ni in towns
54.04
jima
jima ; ma-jima zero- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
liver
5.16
jindi
n'-jindi ; mi-jindi N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
plant of cocoyam
40.35
n'-jindi o kisungu ; mi-jindi ya kisungu N'- ; mi-

European cocoyam (lit. yam +of +European)
33/f*oi:o (lit. SAtA)
40.35d
'
jokoo
i-jokoo ; ma-jokoo (<Sw) i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
cock (<Sw?) (Hens/cocks are intoroduced recently.)
38.2
juma
-jiima tatu ;
(<Sw) zero
cf. "-nyalaamisi" (Thursday), '-ijumaa" (Friday)
Monday
^BIB
7438
-jiima n'ne ;
(<Sw) zero-
Tuesday
i^WB
7438b
-jiima tanu ;
(<Sw) zero-
Wednesday
*B
7438c
-jiima moosl ;
(<Sw)
Saturday
BIB
7438f
-jiima pifi ;
(<Sw)
Sunday
BB1B
7438g
jumaa
i-jumaa ; ma-jumaa (<Sw)
week
74.17
jyo
ma-jyo ; ; ma- ewa
sleep (deep -)
BS9
44.04
K
ka
n'-ka ; wa-ka N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa
wife
28.12
n'-ka-ako, (< n'-ka o ko) ; wa-ka-wako N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa

my wife
28.12b
;
n'-ka a mona ( n'-ka o mona > n'-ko o N'- etu ; ewa

mona)
daughter-in-law (lit. wife+of+child)
28.21a
n'-ka aandwe ; wa-ka waawadwe N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa

married woman
30.03b
n'-ka-akwe ; wa-ka w-akwe N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa

his wife
m (*>-)
28.12c
n'-ka nalaode m'-mi ; wa-ka walaode wo-mi N'- : wa- etu ; ewa
widow
28.14
n'-ka-n'-niini ; wa-ka-wa-niini N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa

principal wife (lit. elder wife)
28.17
n'-ka-n'-tu ; wa-ka-wa-ntu N'- : wa- etu ; ewa

co-wife (lit. small wife)
f&H$AW<Z>*
28.17b
kaal
e-kaa ;
(<Sw?)
1. stay (to occupy (to -), 2. different (to be -)
-), remain (to -),
l. @*3. g, fifrt-3. 2. jt5 rtirtsj *m^xmitz>) (
kindo eki kyakei cha kya n'. This thing is different from that. (lit.
thing +this +it is not +like +from? +not)
46.22 68.24
e-kaa ] chia ; e-
disturb (to -), obstruct (to -), late (to be -) (lit. to stay+road)
45.45
kaa2
i-kaa ; ma-kaa l- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
ember, charcoal
48.21 48.22
kaana
-kaana ; zero-
four
m
59.04
;;
-kaana zero-
four times
ram
59.48d
kaanga
e-kaanga ; e-
fry (meat) (to -)
20.11
e-kaanga mafuda ; e-
oil (to make -)
19.17
kaawa
kaawa ; =sg (<Sw?) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
coffee nut, coffee plant, coffee

a t
41.48 19.2
kaaya
e-kaaya ; e-
fit (to -)
16.13
kaba
e-kaba e-
1, strike one time), beat (sb) (to -),

(i.e., beat <of the heart> (to
-), kick (to -), hit
(sb/target) (to-), fight (to -), win (to -), attack (to -), 2. pound (to take off husks) (to
-), take out maize grain from the corncob (to -), thresh (to -), pound (to -) (to hit a bag
of corncob with a flail to thresh), 3. rain (to -)

i. as, nn<, sfcs mic-) at s, fro<-Masx sb, sk>, >, 2. m<
.
mbwo nyiikaba. It rains.
52.12 06.09, 34.16, 52.07, 56.06, 56.21, 64.13, 69.15, 43.27, 43.20
e-kaba ] ferefere ; e-
beat quickly (for the heart/somebody to -), throb (for the heart to -)
F* F^-t-S
6.1
e-kaba ] Itenge / e-kaba ] inanga ; e-
kick (to -)
52.16
e-kaba kana ;
( = ebechwo)
taste for poison in drinks (to -) (lit. to beat the mouth)
22.10f
e-kaba kiforifo ;
whistle with one's fingers (to -)
51.21
e-kaba kirenge ; e-
make a noise (to -) (lit. beat+noise)
50.07
e-kaba kutu ; e-
rusty (to become -)
73.13
e-kaba ] kyaandu ; e-
stab (with knife), hit (to -)
mt (i-Jyr)
34.22
e-kaba makongo ; e-
spread wings (to -)
38.38
e-kaba ] mawoko ; e-
clap hands (to -)
51.22
e-kaba ] meemba ; e-
pound maize grains to remove their chaff (to -), pound maize grains to make flour (to
-) (not done by people nowadays, because mill machines were introduced.)
m< (h^^nn^feode&tSfcftK-) . m< (r-^n^Brfc^Sfctofc-) (BT?86
43.27c 43.27d
e-kaba minya ; e-
forge (to -) (lit. to beat+metal)
47.12
e-kaba n'-dori ; e-
whistle (to -)
51.19
e-kaba ] ri'-doro ; e-
ululate (to -)
51.17
e-kaba ngekefu ; e-
hiccup (to -) (lit. to beat+hiccups)
6.25
e-kaba ngoma ; e-
beat a drum (to -)

MPP<
51.12
;
e-kaba n'-ji ; &

pound leaves (to -)
43.28
e-kaba nungu ; e-
curse (to -), lay a curse upon sb (to -) (lit. to hit + pot) (because of various troubles
happening in daily life like robbery, etc.)
60.15
e-kaba nyindo ; e-
hit with a hammer (to -)

fro cere-;
47.16
e-kaba shaadii rangl ; e-
polish (to -) (lit. to beat+shoes+colour/polish)

m< (:&-)
63.14
e-kaba sumu ; e-
tell a tale (to -)
50.76
e-kaba ] udende ; e-
stumble (to -), take a false step (to -) (lit. hit+leg)
45.12
e-kaba ukofi ; e-kaba ngofi e-
slap (to -)
52.13
e-ku-kaba ; (ku=reflex) e -ku-

bump (against sth) (to -)
-5oa>3
45.43
kaba-kaba
e-kaba-kaba ; e_
knock many times (to -)
24.08b
kab-i-a
e-kab-i-a appl.? e-
hit in (a nail) (to -), drive a nail/chisel in (to -), ram (a stick into the ground) (to -)
fl"k&fr (*H>8. St*-)
62.27 61.64b
kab-o
e-kabo ; pass. e-
stricken one time) (to be -), kicked

(i.e., (to be -), hit (to be -), beaten (to be -)
vkbtiz. Bt&tis, Mxbtiz. ftfrs

52.12b 34.16b, 56.07
kabi
kabl ;
twice
59.48b
kabilya
kabilya ;
Grevillea robusta (tree to make a pestle because it is very hard)

W&ftZ* (0>-o-e. l%\zm^)
43.30b
kabu
ki-kabu ; shi-kabu ki- ; shi-
basket for carrying

fr <M&tztb<D>
61.26
kaburi
-kaburi ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- elyi ; ewa
grave (Long ago, a dead body was wrapped in a dried cattle skin and was put under a
silk-tree called "n'duku". It is eaten by hyena and other carnivore etc. After the
introduction of Christianity, a dead body is buried in the home site.)
So =tfi. ?E#tt. j;i!Lfc^cDjTA,T, |fecD7K"n'duka" cDte*fcH^T*5< /^ x.-f
31.14
kadadu
kadadu ;
three times
HHJ
59.48c
kai
-kal ; zero- ; zero- eki ; eshi
ceiling (on the ceiling, grains are stored)
24.27b
kalyal
e-kalya ; e-
cp. "e-karya (to dare), 75.69"; cp. "e-kalya (to supervise), 55.07" in TP
fierce (to be -), strong (to be -), expensive (to be -)
M#?rEV\ UAm<teZ>. &l^ (HCDV^-) , m^ (ffi#-)

75.48 19.08,53.19
kaly-i
u-kalyi ; u-
flerceness
75.49
)
kalya2
e-kalya ; e-
cp. "e-kalya (to be fierce), 75.48" in TP

supervise (to -)
55.07d
kama
e-kama ; e-
1 . squeeze (to -), press out some pus (to -), milk (to -), 2. filter (to -)
-)
49.1 10.10b, 32.19, 19.11
kamada
e-kamada / e-kamada ;
e-
carry away (to

away (to -), take -), take (sb/sth) somewhere (to -)
Sfot^<, jg*vr^< (Hfe^-
61.15 46.44
kamba
i-kamba ; ma-kamba i- ; ma-
turn (one's -)
47.05b
kamisi
-kamisi ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
underwear of women (wearing it under "i-rinda")
15.03b
kana
-kana ; =sg zero- ; zero- eki ; eshi
mouth
P
ka-na ] ki-cha, good mouth.;
1.17
kancha
kancha ;
olden times, long ago, the past
74.2
kancha kintu ;
recently, a little bit ago

wsk mm) (m, mmmm, tat, *m<DMm-z&x.z) - o#
74.21
kandal
i-kanda ; ma-kanda i- ; ma-
bark of a tree, skin of fruit, sheath (of beans, etc.), skin of maize corn
m&. Sfttf>&, $*> (*-) , ^X (i?%3cU <nfe
41.05 41.36,41.20
;
kanda2
n'-kanda ; mi-kanda N'- ; mi-
leather strap
62.21
kandika
e-kandika e-
daub soil on the wall (to -), plaster (to -)
24.18 24.19
kanga
ri'-kanga ; wa-kanga N'- ; wa-
doctor, medicine man
14.15
kanisa
-kanisa ; ma-kanisa (<Sw) zero- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
church
60.04
karanga
karanga ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
ground-nut (planted little)
40.33
karil
u-kari =sg ;
(<Sw) u- elu
mush (so called "ugali", introduced recently together with maize. Bananas was the
staple food and at the beginning "ugali" was believed to be eaten by poor people.)
19.04
kari2
kari ;
sg zero- ; zero- eki ; eshi
rear, in back of, at the back of
67.02
kari3
i-kari ; ma-kari (<Sw) i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
car
$
46.57
1-kari elyo lyingi / ikari itu lyingi ; i-
the next car
59.52c
i-kari lya kwansa ; i-
the first car
59.50c
karia
e-karya / i-karia ;
e-
cp. "e-kalya (to be fierce), 75.48"

brave be -), dare (to
(to -)
iscrrfes. saws*>3, mr>&z>

75.69
karibisha
e-karibisha ;
(<Sw) e-
invite (to -) '<Sw)

m<
54.38
karitasi
-karitasi ; ma-karitasi (<Sw) zero- ; ma- eyi ; ewa

paper
58.17
karoni
no sg ; ma-karoril - ; ma- - ; ewa
banana dish called "ma-karoni" (Banana called "ndishi" and banana "n'chaare" are cut
into small pieces and boiled together with boiled beans "soko." This is seasoned with
salt and oil. When it is cooked, it is lightly stired and eaten with spoon.)
'<j")-UM<DV>br> c "ndishi" bW<'<i-i- b'ttchaare" bW&'<-}-i-$:'l > <Q ZtiicMtca. >

*
("soko")^JPxT^T, tZb&mtoiltoX-mttft-t-Z. 5t#ofc'b<Bo<S&gjfcl!<il-!2:
19.13h
kar'ai
i-kar'al ; ma-kar'al (<Sw) i- ; ma-

winnow, winnowing tray made of metal (recently introduced)
43.25b
kasa
-kasa ; =sg zero- ; zero- eki ; eshi
area occupied by wild animals, dried area, area which is not utilized by people
54.01c
kaseti
i-kasefi ; ma-kaseti (<Sw) i- ; ma-

newspaper
mm
58.1
kashi
ma-kasKl ;
- ; ma-
banana dish called "makashi." food, slightly hard mush. (Banana called "ilalyi" is
dried by smoke and crushed. This is boiled together with boiled beans "soko." Salt
and ripe banana pieces are added. After being cooked, it is stirred well to make hard
paste mush.)
- Cti5H>fcb<D(c. "soko"bu&^tza.:1)t\7t. MbtLtc'<-f-f<Dm$:'>LAtixm
19.13m
kata
i-kata ; ma-kata i- ; ma-
skin (not treated -)
34.37
katani
-katanl ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
sisal (not exist in the area)
40.56
kate
n'-kate ; mi-kate (<Sw) N'- ; mi-
bread
19.06
ri'-kate mu-umu ; mi-kate mi-umu (<Sw) N'- ; mi-

hard bread
23.11
n'-kate ] ri'-Iairii ; mi-kate ] mi-lairii (<Sw) N'- ; mi-

soft bread
23.12
kechuo
e-kechuo ; e-
dig up the soil (to -), grub up (to -)

IB *J feci- (-, te#*)Bfc<fc>K-)
43.04e 43.09b
keenda
ku-keenda ; ku-
nine
K
59.09
keku
n'-keku ; wa-keku N'- ; wa-
1. old woman, 2. midwife
l. %M1c<d-) . 2. j (%-ki>i&mo>QL&L1z<nr')
30.13b 29.1
kekuu-ye
-kekuuye ; wa-kekuuye zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa
grandmother
27.23
kekw-e
-kekwe ; wa-kekwe zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa
grandmother
27.23b
kela-kela
e-kela-kela ;
tickle (to -)
51.32
kele
u-kele ; ngyuu-kele u- ; ngyuu-
frog (aquatic) (generic)
36.07
kelea
e-kelea ;
swim (to -)
*<-
72.45
kelekele
i-kele-kele ; ma-kelekele l- ; ma-
armpit
2.13
ker'enya
e-ker'enya ;
gnaw sth hard (as a rat) (to -)
22.12
keti
i-kefi ; ma-kefi l- ; ma-

sterile man
29.26b
ki kei
ki kei ;
it is
Ztite...r-f
kindo eki ri'-kikei cha kya. This thing is the same as that. (lit. thing
+this +is +something that is the same
+like/as +that)
68.21
kiakya
ki-ndo kia-kia ; shi-ndo shia-shia ki- ; shi-
same thing
75.76g
kidao
ki-dao ; shi-dao ki- ; shi-
palm of the hand
*
3.03
kidi-kidi
klndo kidikidi ; ki-
same thing as this (lit. something like this kind)
75.76
kido-kido
kindo kidokido ; ki-
same thing as that (lit. something like that kind)
75.76b
kifu-n'
kifu-n' ;
Kifu's village (one of the village names)
54.03b
kiko
u-kiko ; ngyuu-kiko u- ; ngyuu- elu ; eti
game of high-jumping, boys' game. (A player tries to jump over a bar placed on the
tree forks.)
51.031
kila
kila keer'i ;
(<Sw)
always (lit. every+times)
74.54
kila ngama ;
every morning
74.05b
kila n'-konu ;
every day
SB
74.16
;
kira
e-kira ; e-
cure (to -), survive (to -)
14.11
kir-o
e-kiro pass. e-
cured (to be/become -), well (to get -), all right (to get -)
&5. thtiZ>
14.12 14.12b
kirenge
e-kaba kirenge ;
noisy (to be -)
70.23d
kiwa
u-kiwa ; U-
loneliness
57.06b
kiw'oso
ki-kiw'oso ; ki-
Kiwoso language
50.04b
rri'-kiw'oso ; wa-kiw'oso N'- ; wa-

Kiwoso person
50.04f
kiw'oso ; zero- eki

Kiwoso land
50.04g
kol
i-ko ; ma-ko l- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
seed part of yam (not edible)
40J5h
ko2
ri'-ko ; mi-lo N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
private road (to someone's house)
/b3t (fetbXWl^-)
46.66b
;
ko3
ko mburu ; zero- ; zero- eki ; eshi
section/place for goats and sheep (of mother's house) (lit. place/at + goats) (banana
house)
24.13f
ko mbe ;
beyond, somewhere beyond (lit. place+further)

frc5#j (mm)
46.15b
ko ombe (< ko limbe) eki ; eshi
section/place of a house for cattle (of mother's house) (lit. place/at +cattle) (banana
house)
'<-f~r^<y *<D<<D^w^Ti6<mm (*f<o)
koombe kicha, good cattle shed
24.13e
kobo
i-kobo ; ma-kobo i- ; ma-
small tin
21.18
kodi
kodi ; =sg (<Sw?) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
tribute, tax (The fattest he-goat in the family is sent to the chief as tax.)
55.03 55.05
kofi
u-kofi ; n'-gofi (<Sw?) u- ; N'- elu ; eti
clap
52.14
kofya
-kofya ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
hat
18.06b
koku
n'-koku ; wa-koku N'- ; wa-
baby
29.07
ki-n'-koku ; shi-n'-koku ki- ; shi-

baby (small - in size)
29.07b
kolow'iri
i-kolow'iri ; ma-kolow'iri i- ; ma-
bulbul?(akindofbirds)
t>J:i:'<9? (Jft<r>:o)
38.12c
komba
e-komba ; e-
lick with one's tongue/one's finger (to -), scrape the food stuck at the bottom of the
pot (to -)
22.04 20.26b
kombe
ki-kombe ; shi-kombe (<Sw) ki- ; shi-
cup
21.09
kombo
u-kombo ; ngyuu-kombo u- ; ngyuu-
knife for carving (used to carve wooden spoon. The head is curved.).
47.27c
kona
-kona ; =sg, (<Sw <Eng) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
corner
ft
66.11
kondo
-kondo ; zero- ; zero- eki ; eshi
section/place of a house for girls (of mother's house) (banana house), father's sleeping
place of the small house called " m'ba ya m'bii".
/<-j-j-/^7^<D^(DWi.ti^b<D^<.-y K-fe^ *>a > ('jp<>) , '<D% ("m'ba ya m'bii") <D^<D9it^
&%mm (*f<o<ct5*/9t)
24.13c
kongol
i-kongo ; ma-kongo i- ; ma-
cp. "log, 41.02" inTP
wing
m
3831
kongo2
i-kongo ; ma-kongo i- ; ma-
cp. "wing, 38.31" inTP
log, stump of a tree, fallen tree
a*, worn, #j*

41.02 41.27
konosi
i-konosi ; ma-konosi i- ; ma-
one type of cooking bananas, (eaten baking it in ash. 10~12cm long and 3~4cm
after
in diameter. The colour is blue-green but it changes to yellow when it is ripe.
ftffl'<-*"J-0>-o (0c<Z> + T?J&l^-C'<3) (gSilftl 0-1 2 cm. fig 3 ~ 4 cm. itHfe"?
41.40v
konu
n'-konu ; mi-konu N'- ; mi-
day (from dawn to sunset; night is excluded from a day)
74.03
mi-konu eyi ; N'- ; mi-

nowadays
&m
74.03b
kon'ko
u-koh'ko ; ngyuu-kori'ko / ngyoo-kori'ko u- ; ngyuu- elu ; eto
elbow
W
3.15
kookoi
i-kookoi / i-kookoi ; ma-kookoi / ma-kookoi i- ; ma-
rat (generic) (one of the prohibited food to eat)
33.43 22.24c
kooma
e-kooma ; e-
shout (generic) (to -)
t>#><<UX&>
9.04
e-kooma ; e-
shout (for animal/human being/mad person to -), cry (to -)
50.39 33.05, 09.04
koosia
e-koosia ; e-
coil (round sth) (to -)
*#o<(tt#)
35.04
koowo
e-koowo ; e-
cough (to -)
6.21
u-koowo ; u-
cough
6.22
i-koowo ; ma-koowo i- ; ma-

phlegm
6.2
kooyal
e-kooya ; e-
find (to -)
7.08
kooya2
e-kooya ; e-
come up with (sb) (to-), catch up sb (to -)
46.28
kora
e-kora ; e-
cook (to -) (generic), burn (sth) (to -), foment (to -) (warmed banana is used)
5)
20.01 48.09b, 14.09
e-kora ] kindo ; e-
burn (sth) (to -), boil something (to -)
48.09a 20.02
e-kora ] muda ; e-
boil water (to -)
20.03
e-kora mudo ; e-
burn rubbish (to -)
43.04c
kor-y-a
e-korya ; appl. e-
cook for sb (to -), weld (to -)
20.01b
kori
i-kori ; ma-kori j. ; ma-

rainbow (It is believed that a rainbow is what an evil spirit in a waterfall has grown.)
69.2
korol
i-koro ; ma-koro j.
ma -
cp."honeycomb, 39.03" in TP
Adam's apple
Mk
1.33
koro2
i-koro ; ma-koro i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
cp. "Adam's apple, 01.33" in TP
sweet honey, honeycomb (each hexagon cell of a honeycomb)
#v^4t^, &<r>$k<D%:ti^ti<DW>M.
39.04b 39.03b
korori
n'-korori ; mi-korori N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
loincloth, waistcloth for man, baby sling
-sîfi, (iftw>^5Sfflt) . ns^m<nm
15.02 29.22
kororo
i-kororo ; ma-kororo i- ; ma-
yellow banana leaf
><-r-r<Dm (Sfetf>-)
41.40d
kor'u
i-kor'u ; ma-kor'u i- ; ma-
snail, slug
36.01 36.02
kosa
ma-kosa ;
(<Sw) - ; ma-
mistake
47.54b
e-kosya ;
(<Sw) e-
make a mistake (to -)
47.54
koso
i-koso ; ma-koso i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
shoulder
m
2.05
kou
li-kou ; u-
yesterday
74.12
kowo
i-kowo ; ma-kowo i- ma- ;
bine to tie pillars and crosspieces in the wall. (It grows naturally in the forest of Mt.
Kilimanjaro.)
24.17g
kow'iini
ri'-kow'iini / ki-kow'iini ; ml-kow'iini N'-, ki- ; mi- etu ; eyi
evening
^*
74.07
ku
u-ku ;
old age
30.15
kuana
e-kuana ; e-
1. join (for a roaoVperson to -), 2. spread <of fire> (to -)
1. ^SR-fS (ii/Atf-) . 2. m^fcfrZ

46.73 48.11a
kuanya
e-kuanya ; e-
assemble (to -)(vi.), meet (to -), meet together (for a road) (to -)
chia tiikwanyaa. Roads join. (= Roads meet);

54.54 54.36, 46.73b
kuanu
i-kuanu ; ma-kuanu i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
meeting, crossroad
\ *!Jv\ Hj. %M (ittK)
54.53 46.73c
kubasi
i-kubasi ; ma-kubasi i- ; ma-
traditional sandal (made from skin or tyre)
15.23
kucha
n'-kucha ; mi-kucha N'- ; mi-
1. mat mat made from dried banana stem, sleeping mat made of knitted
(generic),
grass/leaf (<Kiwoso origin), 2. basket for carrying (made of dried leaves of banana
stem, bigger than "kikabu"), 3. load, luggage, parcel
i. nm mourn) , mmm (%.tti?T-mA,i-) (zom^xit. #mi,iz'<i"}-<DM<D&
%
25.1 25.03b, 61.26b, 61.27
kudichia
e-kudichia ; e-
game of tag. Two children's game. One chases the other. Boys' and girls' game, see
"e-kudichia"
lôC. ~k<D^tf%bT$Lt>M9LfcttfrtlXT&&. f!i\ it^tDmS* ftfc. "e-kudichia (to
run one after another)",,
51.03k
kukutya
ma-kukutya ;
- ; ma-
mane of (the horse/lion)
33.08 32.32
kuma
n'-kuma ; mi-kuma N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
wind
at
n'kuma ung'ane, strong window.;
69.28
kumasa
e-kumasa ; e-
dangle (to -)
45.41
kumba
e-kumba ; e-
1. turn against (to -), 2. sell (to -)

i. nzfaifz. 2. %%
45.28 53.14
e-kumba mungo ; e-
tum one's back (to -) (lit. to turn against+back)
45.28b
kumbi
i-kumbi ; ma-kumbl i- ; ma-
hoe (generic)
m mm
edema na ikumbi, to cultivate with a hoe;
43.1
i-kumbi lya kichaka ; ma-kumbi a kichaka i- ; ma-

hoe with a spade-like blade (lit. hoe of Chaga land)
43.10c
i-kumbi lya teso ; i-
hoe with a adze blade (lit. hoe of adze)
43.10d
kumbulu
h'-kumbulu ; =sg N'-
kingfisher
38.12e
kumbuo
e-kumbuo ; e-
memorize (to -), remember (to -), have committed to memory (to -), recall to mind (to
-)
fx.5, JbtTV^, S^tHi"

58.01 58.02, 58.04
kumi
i-kumi ;
ten
+
59.1
i-kumi na imwi ;
eleven
+-
59.11
i-kumi na iw'i ;
twelve
+-
59.12
i-kumi na isadu :
thirteen
+H
59.13
i-kumi na iinya ;
fourteen
+m
59.14
i-kumi na tanu ;
fifteen
+
59.15
i-kumi na sita ;
sixteen
59.16
i-kumi na saba ;
seventeen
59.17
i-kumi na nane ;
eighteen
+A
59.18
i-kumi na tisa ;
nineteen
+%
59.19
;
e-kunda ;
want (to -), love (to -), like (to -)

8feUi s S
57.14 57.39
e-kunda ] kindo ;
like a thing (to -)
Hfts
57.12
e-kunda e-uta ( > e-kunde e-uta)

want to do (to -)
Ltc^b&o
57.15
kund-an-a
e-kund-an-a ;
recip.
like each other (to -), love each other (to -)

2Wc#fr\ SL5
57.12b 57.39b
kund-o
e-kundo ; pass.
liked (to be -)
l&frtiZ
57.12c
kundi
i-kundi ; ma-kundl (<Sw?) i- ; ma-
herd (of animals) (not found in the Kiwoso langauge)
Sftftftco-, ho-)
33.58
kundu
i-kundu ; ma-kundu i- ; ma-
ripe banana (fruit)
41.40J
kunga
i-kunga ; ma-kunga i- ; ma-
tadpole (generic)
*$;**< L
36.07c
kunung'una
e-kuniing'una ; e-
blame (to -)
50.42
kunyia
i-kunyia ; ma-kunyia (<Sw) i- ; ma-
carrying sack, jute bag
61.25c
;
kurie
e-kurie ;
e-
wake up (to -), get up (from lying) (to -), dawn (to -), go up (for the sun) (to -) (vi)
B&*-f\ i##5, #*>#

44.11 45.02,69.04
kurul
i-kuru ; ma-kuru i- ; ma-
insect, caterpillar, hairy caterpillar, maggot
39.01 39.43, 39.44, 39.45
kuru2
h'-kuru ; mi-kuru N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
dive (N)
72.46b
e-kaba ] h'-kuru ; e-
dive (to -), jump into water (to -)
72.46
kurubo
i-kurubo ; ma-kunibo i- ; ma-
tsetsefly
39.28
kuru-kuru
i-kuru-kuru ; ma-kurukuru i- ; ma-
named after their notes.;
crow
38.1
kuruo
e-kuruo e-
uproot (to -)
43.33
e-kuruo shitumburu ; e-
uproot stumps (to -)
43.04d
kururuma
i-kururuma ; ma-kururuma i- ; ma-
thunder
mm
ikururuma lyi-dedaa. It is thundering, (lit. thunder is
speaking.)
69.24
; ; ;
kur'a
e-kur'a e-
scrape pots or pans to clear (to -)
20.26c
kur'o
i-kur'o ; ma-kur'o i- ; ma-
scorched portions (of rice/posho)
23.14
kusanda
e-kusanda e-
enter and become mixed (to -)
46.42b
e-kusanda wandu-n' ; e-
enter into people/crowds and become mixed (to -)
4632b
kuta
u-kuta ; ngyoo-kuta (<Sw?) u- ; ngyoo-
wall
24.16
kuta-kuta
e-kuta-kuta e-
flap one's wings (when flying) (to -)
mite <
38.4
kutu
kutu ;
rust
73.13b
kuul
n'-kuu ; mi-kuu N'- ; mi-
fig-tree (no custom to eat)
40.18
kuu2
kl-andu ] kikuu ; shi-andu ] shikuu ki- ; shi-
used knife
75.39
ku-ufo
ku-ufo ; =sg ku-
there is/are (in somewhere)
ku-ufo n'rike. ? n'-ku-ufo n'rike. ? nkw-ifo There is vapour (sweat). / It is high

ri'rike. temperature.
67.19
kii-ufo m'-byoo ; ku-

It is cold, (for the weather) (lit. there is+coldness)
^ (iB#)
75.28
kuwutafo
kuwutafo kitabu ;
without book
*SL-? (#-)
81.15b
kuwutafo ng'an'ra ;
without meat
ttLX? (fc-)
81.15
ku-yio
kii-yio ; =sg ku-
there is/are (at definite/indefinite place)
67.19b
kwade
kwade ;
Pardon me. Excuse me. Allow me. I regret. I am wrong.
82.09
kwanisa
e-kwanisa ; e-
spread (to - its branches)
42.05b
e-kwanlsa maramba ; e-
spread its branches (to -)
42.05
kwanu
ma-kwanu ; =sg - ; ma- - ; ewa
fork in road
ftfrtim.
46.72
; ;
kwe
u-kwe ; ngyuu-kwe u- ; ngyuu-
betrothal present. two young female cattle (to bride's father), 2. two
(It consists of 1,
young female goats (one to bride's mother, and the other to a paternal grandmother), 3.
two pieces of blankets (one to bride's father and the other to bride's mother, 4. one
bush-knife (to bride's eldest brother).
Ît>*l3) o 3. ZL%(D^.M (M<73S^^-tl^tl-feooIgf>n^) . 4. "ubanga lo ndaso

(lit.bush-knife+of+ ?)" tmifl6-^-<Dzf -y v^-fj 7 (46^>Sil^cOft^ft#^Sgf,^5) .
28.09
kweekyo
kweekyo ;
therefore
fifth
81.1
kweela
e-kweela ; e-
game of a swing. Boy's and girl's game.

y^y^MTf* S^P. iCl-<DT&XSo &&. "e-kweela (to swing)"
51.03p
kwesha
e-kwesha e-
try on (to -)
16.12
kwi
u-kwi ; n'-gwi u- ; N'- elu ; eti
firewood
m
48.17
kwo
e-kwo e-
aged (to become -), old (to be -), mature (of a fruit on the tree) (to be/become -)
30.12 41.52
kyal
e-kya ; e-
cp. "dawn, 69.06" in TP

survive (to -)
31.06b
kya2
e-kya ; e-
cp. "survive, 31.06" in TP

dawn (to -), grow light in the east (to -)
69.06 70.12
la, le-n'
n'-la / n'-le-n' ;
N'-
cattle basin
24.13m
laalu
laalu ;
now
4-
74.22
laalu kudi ;
right now
fco&4-
74.22b
lainika
e-lainika ;
become
soft (to -)
*>*< ft*
23.13
lakana
e-lakana ;
part (with sb) (to -), divorce (for man/woman to -) (It is said that a divorce is very
rare.)
54.45 28.23
lala
e-lala ; appl.
sleep at (to -), lie at (to -)
44.01b
e-lala shimbai
lie down (to -), sleep (to -)
44.01c
laaya
e-laaya ;
sleep (to -), lie (to -)
44.01
e-laaya ] mungo ;
lie on onse's back (to -) (lit. lie at+back)
44.02
e-laaya ] ndeu ;
lie on one's face (to -) (lit. lie at+stoamch)
44.02b
e-laaya uwari ; e-
lie on one's side (to -) (lit. lie at+side/rib)
44.02c
lalaangwe
ki-lalaangwe ; shi-lalaangwe ki- ; shi-
parasitic plant (generic)
^*
40.45
lalo
i-lalo ; ma-lalo i- ; ma-

crossing point of a river, gutter of irrigation stream (made of woods)
72.01d
i-lalo ; ma-lalo i- ; ma-

crossing point of a river, log bridge
%*m (*.*&2, 3*^tfcM) , am
7235b 72.4
i-lalo lyichoowoshaa ; ma-lalo achoowoshaa i- ; ma-

dangerous bridge
72.38
lalu
ki-lalu ; shi-lalu ki- ; shi-

cf. fig. 2a in Illustrations
spoon (The section is triangle and about 15cm long. It is made of banana stem.)
(Kiwoso origin).
21.11b
lalyi
i-lalyl ; ma-lalyl i- ; ma-

one type of cooking bananas (soft banana), (about 20cm long and 3cm in diameter,
greenish colour. It is also eaten raw. The most popular way of cooking is to boil after
soaking the dried one. It is also used to brew alcoholic drinks.)
^ffl^-^-7-cD-o (3ihLXMX&o ;3khti*) 0cm. itg^3cm (S^2 B&. .Xi>
41.40$
lapu
-lapu ; ma-lapu, -lapu (<Eng?) zero- ; ma-, eyi ; ewa, eti
zero-
rubber sandal
15.23b
lasa
e-lasa ; e-
shoot (a bow/gun) (to -)
elasa ] na mfi o uroi, to hunt with bows and arrows;
elasa na bunduki, to hunt with a gun;

34.01d 34.15
e-lasa na m'-fi o ur'oi ; e-
hunt with bow and arrows (to -) (lit. to shoot with a poisonous arrow)
^1-3 (^*re-)
34.01b
e-lasa na bunduki ; e-
hunt with a gun (to -) (lit to shoot a gun)

1*9*1-5 (8tfTr-)
34.01c
lashia
e-lashia ; e-
foretell (to -), divine (to -)
^W1-5. 5
60.2 50.69b, 14. 18
lasi
ki-lasl / ki-lasi ; shi-lasl , (<Sw?<Eng?) ki- ; shi-
glass
21.1
lau
lau ;
the day after tomorrow
74.15
lawa
e-lawa ; e-
in time (to be -), early (to be -)
74.32
law'i
li-law'i ngyuu-law'i
; u- ngyuu- elu eti ; ;
banana dish called "ulawi." Slightly heavy banana soup. Two kinds of banana called
"ndeshi" and "inanambo" are into pieces and cocoyam called "so" are boiled with salt,
pieces of meat and oil. After boiling, they are stirred well to make paste. Water is
added to the paste to eat. This dish is one of the most popular banana dish.
*?*?mV><0'<-l~fK-f* "ndeshi'*t7c{i"inanambo"i:aip^/N^-^^/jN$ < <0 $ bl"so" kW ,
httfct. *.x-nAxtkt. &i>mm^bwt>ti. fftix^zft$t#it'<-r-rum-v$>z.

19.13k
leeya
e-leeya ; e-
1.deep (to be -), long (to be -), high (to be -), tall (to be -), 2. grow (of hair) (to -)
1. $iv\ ftv\ Siv\ 2. x.5
nyaleeye seejyaa ko. He is taller than I.
72.12 75.40c, 65.054 01.04b
ki-esho kya e-leeya (> klesho kye -leeya ) ;

ki- eki ; eshi
shi-esho sha e-leeya ( > shiesho she-leeya )
height (lit. dimension+of+to be high)
75.41
kl-di ki-leeye ; shi-di shi-leeye ki- ; shi-
long stick (lit. stick+which is long)
75.11
ri'-lima u-leeye ; mi-lima i-leeye N'- ; mi-

high mountain (lit. mountain+which is high)
75.4
ri'-ndu a-leeye ; wa-ndu wa-leeye N'- ; wa-

tall person (lit. person+who is tall)
ff0>iftv\A.
75.11b
-ndeshe i-leeya ; -ndeshe ti-leeye zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
deep cave
75.40b
le-iy-a
e-le-iy-a ; e-
taller (to be -)
S^ (i*)-)
nyangileiye. He is taller than I. (lit. he-me-to be
taller)
65.05e
leketa
e-leketa ; e-
allow (to -), set free (a captive) (to -), release (to -)
50.6 56.17
e-leketa ] chia ; e-
re-open the road/the watreway of irrigation which was closed once (to -)
45.47
e-leketa n'-ndu na-ne ; e-
allow a person to drink (to -)
22.10i
e-leketa u-mbe i-ne ; e-
allow cattle to drink (to -)
22.10J
lela
no sg ; ma-lela - ; ma- - ; ewa

milk
32.18
ma-lela adookie ; - ; ma-

sour milk
32.18b
lemal
e-lema ; e-
bend (to -), fold (to -)

fttf'-S. *33. ftftti GW&)
63.01 63.05
e-lema n'-r'i ; e-
kneel (to -)
45.07
lem-ik-a
e-lemika ;
stat.? e-
bent with age (to become -)
30.16
lem-o
e-lemo ;
pass. e-
cp. "fail (47.53)" in TP

bent (to become -)
63.02
lema-lema
e-lema-lema ; e-
fold many times (to -), wind (to -)

fit?. < mmm*-)
63.05b
lema
ki-lema / ki-lema ; shi-lema / shi-lema ki- ; shi-
lame person, crippled person
13.01 13.03
lema2
e-lema ;
impossible (to be -), recalcitrant (to be -)
71.01b 50.75b
;
lem-o
e-lemo ; pass.
cp. "bent (63.02)" in TP

fail (in a work, in an examination) (to -)
$rf3 (tt*fc. f*K) . T*#fc^

47.53
e-lemo ; pass.?
fail in examination (to -)
77.09b
e-lemo ] fida ;
defeated in a war (to be -), lose a war (to -), (passive)

Hits
56.07b
lemba
e-lemba ;
cheat (to -), deceive (to -), tell a lie (to -)
5 ^^9. tctir
50.3 50.32
lemba-lemba
e-lemba-lemba ;
cf. "e-lemba (to cheat)"
pacify (a baby) (to -)
29.19
leta
e-leta ; e-
pour (water) (to -)
20.21
e-leta kelya nungu-n' ; e-
tilt a pot to pour out food (to -)
20.20c
leya
e-leya ; e-
refuse (to -), disagree (to -), contradict (to -), oppose to (to -)
50.57 53.11,50.49
lifu
-lifu (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
vacation (long -)
74.36
)
liko
ki-liko ; shi-liko (<Sw) ki- ; shi-
cf. fig. 2b in Illustrations
spoon.
21.11
li-liko ; ngyoo-liko / ngyiiu-liko (<Sw) u- ; ngyoo-

cf. fig.l. in Illustrations
ladle (generic).
21.13
li-liko elu ; ngyiiu-liko eti u- ; ngyuu- elu ; eti
this ladle
79.09g
li-liko elo ; ngyiiu-liko eto u- ; ngyuu-

that ladle
79.10g
li-liko lwo-lwo ; ngyiiu-liko ] tia-tia u- ; ngyuu-

same ladle
75.76i
li-liko lueni ; ngyiiu-liko ngeeni ( ngi-e > u- ; ngyuu-

nge-e
ladle itself
79.07m
lima
ri'-lima ; mi-lima N'- ; mi-
cf. see "e-lema" (to be impossible)
mountain, hill
Uj, Sl
ki-lema ] kyaaro, Mt. Kilimanjara (lit. It is impossible
+joumey)
71.01 71.02
lipo
no sg ; ma-lipo (<Sw) ; ma-

payment
53.36
lo
ki-lo ; shi-lo ki- ; shi-
toad (terrestrial)
36.07b
loda
e-loda ; e-
tasty, sweet (to be -)
23.01
lod-o
n'-lodo ; mi-lodo N'- ; mi-
sweetness, sugar (Kibosh origin)
23.07 19.18
lolya
e-lolya ; e-
see (to -), notice (to -)
JLS, ô<
e-ki-161ya see it (to -)
7.01 7.13
e-lolya ukiwa ; (<Sw) e-
feel lonely (to -)

*L^S
57.06
e-ku-161ya ;
appl. e-ku-
see each other (to -)
5wcas
07.03c
loly-o
e-lolyo ; pass., stat. e-
seen (to be -), in sight (to be -)
ILx. S
7.03 07.03d
lool
e-loo ; e-
ill (to become -)
8.02
loo2
e-loo ; e-
bewitch (to -) (to make sb sick or die) (It is done by a witch called "n'saWi.")
risaWi#^<Anfl#$oTÂ#i^*EK:M?>LftS
60.14
losha
e-losha ; e-
teach (to -) (kiwoso origin)

IfcîS
50.7
e-ku-16sha ; (ku=reflex) e-
learn (to -) (lit. to teach oneself)
58.06
; ; 3
Kiwoso- English - Japanese 1 1
lucha
liicha ;
right
67.11
ludwo
e-ludwo (= e-dudwo ) e-
uproot (to -)
43.33c
lukuo
e-lukuo ; e-
disinter (to -), dig out (to -)
73.25b
lulyi
ki-lulyi ; shi-lulyl ki- ; shi-
dust (pi. many types of dust)
26.09
lunga
e-lunga ; e-
join (to -), connect (to -)

-*-, oft<*
62.05
e-lunga nr'uu ; e-
connect strings (to -), connect (with nails or by tying) (to -)
oft<- (m^m-otc'O. STTsikibltQLX-)

62.05b
e-lunga ] shidi e-
connect sticks (to -)
o<* (#)
62.06
lung-o
i-lungo ; ma-lungo i- ; ma-
joint (of a body /door etc.)
mm. mzu
5.03
luo, tia
li-liko luo ; ngyiiu-liko tia u- ; ngyuu-

that ladle over there
fc coffin
79.1H
lutaamba
lutaamba ;
left
67.09
luufo nicha.
ngiifo nicha. ; luufo nicha.
Hello! (answer for "andi mafuo. (Hello!)", lit. I/we stay+well)
82.03d
luwaru
u-luwaru ; ngyiiu-luwaru u- ; ngyuu- elu ; eti
leopard
33.1
luw'i
li-luw'i ; ngyiiu-luw'i u- ; ngyuu- elu ; eti
sterile cow, barren animal
32.12c 29.26c
lyal
e-lya ; e-
eat (to -)
e-ki-lya, eat it (to -)
22.01
k-e-lya ; sh-e-lya ki- ; shi-
ki-e>k-e; shi-e>sh-e
food
ft-<ft
19.01
ly-o
e-lyo ; pass. e-
eaten (to be -)
22.01b
ly-i-lyo ; ny-a-lyo
something edible
ft -< 3 zt <r> itiM Zi> <d
22.01c
lya2
a-lya ; a-
over there, the place in question (definite place)

hZZ (*ofc*ffi) . !S<0tt*:*55*ofcBf
alya n' kiiukucha. The place over there is nice.;
79.14
ku-lya ; ku-
around over there, the place in question (indefinite place)
kulya n' kiiukucha. The place over there is nice.
79.14b
a-ndo ] kiilya ; kii-ndo ] kulya a- ; ku-

that place over there ("here" and "there" are used instead of "this place" and "that
place".)
&><D( "this place, that place" t^ 5 SJJUiftK , "here, there" $r/SV>5)
79.1 lg
i-yoo lya ; ma-yoo alya l- ; ma- elyi ; ewa

that tooth over there
79.11c
lyalya
i-yoo lya-lya ; ma-yoo alya-alya l- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
same teeth
75.761
lyingi
lyingi ;
again
WXS
74.55
lyo
lyo ;
but
81.2
M
maa
e-maa ;
finish (sth) (to -) (vt)
76.04
e-maa e-fungo ;
stat.
bound (to -) (lit. to finish to bind)
52.19f
maduma
ki-maduma ; shi-maduma ki- ; shi-
reason
80.06c
ki-maduma ri' kyooki? ; ki- ; shi-
what reason? (lit. reason+is+what)
80.06e
mai
-mai ; wa-mai zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa
mother
27.08
;
-mai ] yaako ; wa-mai ] wako zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

my mother, my mothers
27.08d
-mai yaafo ; wa-mai wafo zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

your (sg.) mother, your (sg.) mothers
27.09
-mai ] yaakwe ; wa-mai ] wakwe zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

his mother, his mothers
27.1
-mai yeedu ; zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

our mother, our mothers
27.11
mai ] yeeni ; zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

your (pi.) mother, your (pi.) mothers
27.12
mai ] yaawo ; zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

their mother, their mothers
W$?<nm
27.13
-mai ma ; zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

Mother!, Grandmother! (used by the first-born)
27.08c
-mai ] mbe ; zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

Mother!, Grandmother! (used by children excluidng the first-born)
27.08b
-mai ] n'-niini ; -mai ] wa-niini zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

aunt (mother's elder sister)
27.46
-mai n'-tu ; -mai wa-tu zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

aunt (mother's younger sister)
&! motto
27.46b
-mai-am'mi / -mam'mi ; wa-mai-am'mi / zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

wa-mam'mi
mother-in-law (lit. mother of husband)
mm (*<#)
28.2
maa-ye-anka (< mai o nka) zero-
mother-in-law (lit. mother of wife)

mm (*)
28.20a
mai o kabi ; wa-mai wa kabi zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

stepmother
mm
27.48
maka
e-maka ; e-
shine (vi) (to -), glitter (for metal to -), twinkle (for stars to -)
70.01 70.02, 70.03]
malimu
m'-malimu ; wa-alimu (<Sw?) N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa
teacher
%*.
54.47
mambikya
-mambikya ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; ewa
dragonfly
39.1
mambocho
ki-mambocho ; shi-mambocho ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
navel
^Z (A(0-)
2.11
manga
m -manga ;
sg N'- ; N'- etu ; eyi
cow bell, bell (generic)
(+<o ; mm
3239
mangi
-mangi ; wa-mangi zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa
chief
ft ft (I-ÂftJI -paramount chief- fiV^&W
55.07
ko-mangi ; zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

chiefs homestead
f y<DM!&.
55.08
mangya
ki-mangya ; shi-mangya ki- ; shi-
eaves (made of leaves) (the eldest man of the family cuts leaves to make it even, after
the banana house is accomplished.)
'<1~)-'^x<d& (HT?f^S) (SW^ricLfc&, Z<nm<nU& (fiftf) #*&&* 5
24.13!
manjanu
manjanu ;
(<Sw) zero- eyi
yellow
ri'guo ya manjanu, an yellow cloth.
68.12b
mantina
ki-mantina ; shi-mantina ki- ; shi-
banana dish called "kimantina." Weaning food made of banana. Banana "n'chaare" cut
into small pieces is boiled with salt, soda "m'bala" and a little oil. After boiling, it is
kneaded until it becomes paste.
'<i~}-<Dl&$L-k. "n'chaare" bW&'<i~}-$:'b< WO. CtltZV- ^"(m'bala). i& b 'JtmOi&X
19.13J
manyal
e-manya ; e-
cp. "cut (64.01)" inTP

know (to -), understand (to -), believe (to -)
ngarri'manya. I have known.

58.05 58.07,50.15,58.26
ki-manya ; shi-manya ki- ; shi-
meaning
Mm
50.03b
manya2
e-manya ; e-
cp. "understand (50.15)" in TP

cut (e.g., thread, cloth, paper, meat, vegetable, maize stalk, sugar-cane, banana stem,
etc.) (to -)
5
64.01
e-manya n'-ji ; e-
cut down (a tree) (to -)
40.02
manyara
i-manyara ; ma-manyara i- ; ma-
barrel (big wooden -)
21.17b
mara
mara kifie ; (<Sw)
often
74.53
masa
e-masa ; e-
suspend (sth on the wall, sth from the ceiling) (to -), hang (to -)
61.46 61.47
mas-o
e-maso ;
pass., stat. e-
hooked (to be -), suspended (to become -)
61.48
mashangala
-mashangala ; zero- eyi
specific name of a swamp
72.07
masi
ki-masi ; shi-masi ki- ; shi-
penis, testicle
2.22
masuo
e-masuo ;
take off sth suspended (to -)
61.5
mateer'i
-mateer i ;
sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; ewa
rainy season (short rainy season with heavy shower)
mm (/hffiffl. A<m>te^mL^m*)mzmmo 1 o^*~i in)
74.26b
mateka
-mateka ;
sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- etu ; ewa
captive
mateka wafie, many captives,
mateka wa fiiye, dead captives.

56.11
mbachu
u-mbachu ; -mbachu u- ; zero- elu ; eti
hoof
32.2
mbafu
-mbafu ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
chest
2.06
mbaka
-mbaka ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
sin
54.18
mbako
-mbako ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
hollow, cave (small -), fork on a road
71.07 73.19b, 41.11b
mbalal
-mbala ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cp. "spot by fire, 11.10" in TP

scales (of fish/snake), dandruff, hard skin of foot
37.11 6.01
mbala2
-mbala ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cp. "scale, 36.11" in TP

1. blister after sitting near the fire too long, 2. mysterious animal whose cry kills one
who hears (it is used to educate small children.), 3. woman who talks too much
c>mm (^H*jHfr3fc#Kffiofc!9l-3) . 3. L^Ôi"!?*^

11.1
mbari
-mbafl ; zere- etu
daylight, sunlight
03fe
70.07
mbarika
-mbarika ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
castor-oil plant, castor-oil
40.20
mbar'i-n'
mbar'i-n' ;
beside, around, at the side,

**>*>. mtc
mbari-n' ya ] rri'-ba, around the house.;
67.14 67.08b
mbasa
-mbasa ;
song, music, dance
51.09 51.05
mbata
-mbata ; -sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
pigeon
38.02
mbatu
-mbatu ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
tobacco, cigarette, snuff, chewing tobacco, cigar (generic) (introduced)

mw- GK#sm. n&rsm, *&, mm mm ,
40.42
mbatu
e-na mbatu ; e-
take tobacco (to to drink+tobacco) (to taste tabacco powder, putting

-) (lit. it between
the lower lip and teeth, most popular way of tasting tobacco)
40.43
mbeeko
-mbeeko ;
tree-fork (lit. fork of tree)

Jf.<DWt
41.11
-mbeeko ya n'-ji ; -mbeeko ta n'-ji zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
tree-fork (lit. fork of tree)
41.1
mbefu
-mbefu ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
red ant
39.31
mbemba
-mbemba ; ; zero - ; eti
banana dish called "mbemba." banana soup. Banana called "n'chaare" cut into about
5cm long is boiled with small pieces of meat, salt and a little oil. One of the most
popular banana dishes.
/<?"?- <>*-7 "n'chaare" bW&'<-)-t%: 5 cmSI^^^l;t|] V)
^ CtUC/hPfCô tcfa&M
19.13i
mbembe
u-mbembe ; ngyuu-mbembe / -mbembe u- ; ngyuu-
horn (Kiwoso origin)
32.15
u-mbembe lo chofu ; ngyoo-mbe ta chofu u- ; ngyoo-

tusk (lit. horn +of +elephant)
**
33.22
mbenu
-mbenu =sg ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
game of marbles. A circle (about 1 foot in diameter) is drawn on the ground and small
stones, bottle caps or some hard fruits are arranged in it. A player throws a flat
palm-sized stone to shoot them out. It is almost the same as a game of marbles in
Japan. Boys' game.
51.03g
mber'i
u-mberT ; m'-mber*i u- ; N'-
feathers of an arrow
34.14b
mbeu
-mbeu ; zero- ;
-
etu ;
-
roof (in the case of banana house, all banana leaves covering the house including the
wall are called a roof.)
24.27
mbiil
u-mbii ; -mbii u- ; zero- elu ; eti
hair (of a head), hair on body (of human beings/animals), fur

X. W% (AfS/fc<0-) . &
1.04 02.04, 33.54, 34.35
; -mbii ta makelekele - / zero-

hair of armpit
2.14
mbii wuye a r'iso ; mbii wuye a miso - / zero-

eyebrow (lit. hair above eye)
i. ii
mbii2
rri'-mbii ; mi-mbii N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
body
2.01
rri'-mbii woose ; mi-mbii yoose N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi

whole body (the -)
75.78
mbiidi
-mbiidi ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cudgel.
18.09
mbiro
-mbiro ;
white-eye (a kind of birds)
38.12b
mbisa
-mbisa ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti

bead, necklace made by beads (kiwoso origin).
tf X, t'-XH^ v Z v x
18.05 18.02
mbochiki
i-mbochiki ; ma-mbochiki i- ; ma-
thick pillar in the wall of a traditional conical house (made of splitting log)
24.17
mbolea
m' -mbolea ;
sg N'- ; N' eyi ; eti
black burrowing snake ( 1 foot in length)

Ht^Wtfi (1 74 -hcD*^)
35.1
mbolo
-mbolo ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cf. "mboya, mboro" (name of the clan; cf.54.06);

penis, testicle (vulgar)
02.22b
-mbolo taumbe ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
testicles of bull (food prohibited for woman to eat)
22.24e
mbong'o
-mbong'o ; zero-
slowness
46.39b
mboni
-mboni ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
information, matter, news, opinion
50.2
shi -mboni ;
Hello! (lit. information, news)
82.03
mboo
-mboo ;
buffalo
33.29
mbora2
-mbora ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cp. "plenty (77.08)" in TP

water stream from "mbora", spring in a river. (All springs are found in river streams.)
Jl|*<o*#8l#m-C^/?r (*ifcfc3$f?fj5e>*#8S#HiT. ZZfrbmofatitftelLZX
72.02 72.08
Mboro
-mboro ; zero- ; zero- etu ; ewa
cf. "mbolo (penis), 02.33"
name of a clan (Mboyo clan at present) (The pronunciation of "Mboro" is similar to
thatof "Mbolo" meaning a penis, and members of the clan used to incur ridicule.
Thus, they changed their clan name into "Mboyo".)
tyy^ (mboroiimbolo K-X) tfg^fttTV^ <>-?. ifc(D? y>(r>m%^M^\ ^ffiii
mboyo}^ 7>^HL"C^3)
54.06c
mbor'a
-mbor'a ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cp. "spring (72.08)" in TP

plenty
+##. -mc-mhx^^'Jtkm
77.08 55.16b
mbor'ocho
-mbor'ocho ;
excreta of goat/sheep
m^/^*
06.36c
mbor'u
-mbor'u ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
lie
H
50.31
mbosha
-mbosha ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
rubbish
^f 5
26.07
mboyo
-mboyo ; zero- ; zero- etu ; ewa
name of a clan ("mboro" is the old name), see "mboro."
??>% (IH^CO"mboro"(i"mbolo (^-X) "irfJH^WTVS-?, fo(D? y><D^%^%
V\ fffi!mboyofC^7>^HLT^-5)
54.06b
mbu
m'-mbu ;
sg N'- ; N' etu ; ewa
mosquito
39.18
mbumbe
-mbumbe ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; ewa
cattle (colloquial)
* (tttfcttft)
32.10b
mbumbi
-mbumbi ; mi-mbumbi zero- ; mi- etu ; eyi
heap, ridge
26.08b 43.09c
-mbumbi o ] mbosha ; zero- ; mi- etu ; eyi

rubbish heap
26.08
mburu
-mburu ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
goat
0j (tt. ft)
32.27
mbuya
-mbuya ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; ewa
1. of bee (about 3mm long and dark brown, no sting)(the colour
friend, 2. a kind is
dark brown and the length is about 3mm. bee which has no sting),
i. sa> 2. it arcfhftv'>a>tfttfi o ^ yssA#-tr. $&)
54.31
mbwee
-mbwee ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
unripe banana (fruit)
41.40k
mbwo
-mbwo ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
rain
m
69.14
-mbwo ya masaao ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
rain with hail (lit. rain+hail)

s (T>i5) (Dm^-otcmL^m
69.14b
mesa
-mesa ; (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
table, desk
7f)V, til ($>*>> ftbfcW
25.06
;
mi
m'-rrii ; wa-rrii / w-orrii N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa
husband
28.1
m'-mi ako ; N'- ; wa- etu : ewa

my husband
* (It)
28.11
m'-mi akwe ; N'- : wa- etu ; ewa

her husband
5*c &&<>-)
28.11b
m'-mi a mona (< m'-mi o mona) (lit. N'- : wa- etu ; ewa
husband +of + child)
son-in-law (lit. husband of child)
H3J&^ (*)
28.21
m'-mi nalaode n'-ka ; wo-mi walaode wa-ka N'- : wa- etu : ewa
widower
28.14b
mia
-mia ;
(<Sw) zero-
hundred
59.29
mika
e-mika ; e-
lighten (to -), shine (sth) (to -)
69.23 70.17
miku
m'-miku ; wa-miku N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa
old man, elder, leader, Father!, Daddy!, Old man! (addressing)
*A(^c75-) ,
gig, $$<A, !
30.13 55.07c. 27.01b
m'-miku mbe ; wa-miku mbe N'- ; wa- etu : ewa

Father!, Grandfather!, Old man! (used by the first-bom)
27.01c
m'-miku sa ; wa-miku sa N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa

Father!, Grandfather!, Old man! (used by children excluding the first-born)
fc^ A, !.&?!$<: /4, (fiîJWw^tffflvSiS)
!
27.0 Id
m'-miku o nfongo ; wa-miku wa nfongo N'- : wa- etu : ewa

leader of irrigation (lit. elder+of+irrigation system)
54.23
minya
minya ;
sg zero- ; zero- eyi ;eti
iron, metal
fe. am
minya ngicha, good iron.
73.12
mira
e-mira ;
swallow (to -)
22.11
mitara
mitara ; no pi. (<Sw) zero- eyi (cl. 9)
polygamy (no Kiwoso original word) (there is a custom of polygamy, no limited
number of wives, but one wife in most cases.)
28.15
molyi
-molyi ; wa-molyi zero- ; zero- etu ; ewa
bride
im
28.06
moodu
-moodu / -moodu ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi
beehive (natural/artificial -)
39.03
mooka
-mooka ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi, eti
year
mooka u-mwi (> mooko o-mwi ), one year.

mooka iiwi, two years.
74.19
moondu
-moondu ;
sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi
dispute, jaw, trouble
pt&. rn.sk. m$), fi
52.05 54.58
-moondu o shimbai ; -moondu ta shimbai zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi

lower jaw
1.27
moosa
-moosa ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi, eti
white hair
Sit
moosa ] ngicha, good white hair.
1.05
moosi
-moosi ; -sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi
tail
mm
33.55
>i
-mooyi =sg ; zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi
yawn
6.24
;a desi
mpaka desi ;
(<Sw
until tomorrow
74.51
-miida ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eti , eyi
cf. eti (various types of water), eyi (many rivers)

water, river
*. Jil
miida ufye, much water;

49.01 72.01
-miida o ] ri'-ji ; zero- ; zero- etu ; eti
sap, juice of tree (lit. water of tree)
41.08
miida ] 6- cha ; zero- etu

flood
>**
72.22
mudo
mudo ;
= sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi
fire
>k
mudo ung :
ane, big fire;
48.01
munde
munde : = sg zero- ; zero- eyi eti
; ;
fist
3.05
mundu
ki-mundu ; shi-mundu ki- ; shi-
crest
38.21
;
mungo
-mungo ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi
back of body
-mungo ung'ane large back of body

2.18
mungo-n'
-mungo-n' ; zero-
1. on the back, 2. door step

1. tt + fC, 2. A<9P@
24.05
muni
murii (= munyl )
alone, himself, oneself
ukoii ngilenda-u muni. Yesterday I wnet there alone.;
ukoii ngilenda-fo muni Yesterday wnet over there

I alone.;
59.54 79.07
munyi
-munyl ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi
handle of a hoe/knife
munyi uleeye, long handle,
munyi tileeya, long handles.

43.11 47.28
mun'nu
miin'nu ;
loudly
50.23b
muoko
-muoko ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi
cassava, manioc (not eaten except in case of famine. The poison is removed by
soaking it in water.)
4038
mun
-miiri ;
sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi
clan (no totem)
54.06
muri-n'
-mun-n ; zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi
town (in a -)
m (-<#)
54.04b
1 30 Kiwoso- English - Japanese
murungu
-murungu ;
sg zero-, zero- etu ; eyi
Irish potato
40.37
musha
-musha ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi
thorn
41.22 39.08
m'-musha o chuki ; m'-musha ta chuki zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi

bee-sting
If (<*>-)
39.08
musu
-musu ;
sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi, eti
smoke
musu ufye, much smoke.

48.04
musu-musu
i-musu-musu ; i-;- elyi- ;
fog, mist, vapour

m. a (a-f*) ,*(<>*),*;
69.13 69.19
muuma
-muuma ;
sg zero- ; zero- etu ;eyi
female cattle that bore a calf
32.12
muumu
ri'-ndu muumu ; wa-ndu woomu N'- ; wa-
mean person
#*>&A. ^LVÂ
75.62
muungol
-muungo ;
bone marrow
5.02
muungo2
-muungo ;
door, doorway, doorstep

F, AP (Mftw-. %n-)
muungo o mba, front of a house (lit. doorway of a
house)
24.05 24.04
muuro
-muuro ;
lower part of the leg, shin
TWS. 1-fc
4.04 4.05
muuwa
-muuwa ; =sg (<Sw?) zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi, eti
sugar-cane
40.29
muyal
-
i-miiya ; elyi- ;
breath
6.11
muya2
-muya ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eti
wax
39.06
mwi
lyi-mwi ;
once
-@
59.48
ki-mwi ; ki-
cp. "torch, 70.13" in Length

one thing, together
59.01 22.10,46.48b
mwn
ki-mwii ; shi-mwii ki- ; shi-
cp. "together, 22.10" in Length

torch
70.13
mya
e-mya ; e-
come out <of a plant> (to -), germinate (to -), grow (to -)
42.01 42.02,29.14b
e-mya machoo ; e-
musty (to become -)
23.2
N
!
nal
e-na ; e-
cp. "droop, 42.08" in length

drink (to -), hit sb by a head (to -)
e-ki-na drink it (to -)
22.1
e-na uki ; e-
drink honey (to -)
39.05b
e-na mbatu ; e-
take tobacco (to -) (lit. to drink+tobacco) (to taste tabacco powder, putting it between
the lower lip and teeth, most popular way of tasting tobacco)
Sg&l**>5 (&m<0T#fcT<30[HfcA*LTl*:bofcP>, Rt#tfi-f)
40.43
e-na kimwi ; e-
drink together (to -)
-ifettJitfcir
22.10b
ny-o
e-nyo ; pass. e-
drunk (to be - by sb), hit with a head (to be - by sb) (pass)
22.10c
na2
na ;
and
-life. *fc
81.18
na anto ;
good morning! (lit. with + to be waked)
82.05
na kofo ;
Good bye, Stay well! (used by the person who is going out) (lit. with+your place)
Siftfe
82.04 50.29c
na3
mo-na / mu-na ; wa-na mo- wa-; etu ; ewa
mo-na is preferred by elder perople.;
child
27.3
mo-na m'-mbee ; wa-na wa-mbee mo- ; wa- etu ; ewa

first-born
*^
27.33
mo-na o waka / mona a waka ; wa-na wa mo- wa-

; etu ; ewa
waka
daughter (lit. child of female)
27.32b
mu-na o waka ; wa-na wa waka mo- ; wa- etu ; ewa

girl
30.05
mo-na nalende dao ; wa-na walende ndao mo- wa-

; etu ; ewa
full grown, unmarried woman
30.07
mo-na o womi ; wa-na wa womi mo- ; wa- etu ; ewa

son (lit. child of male), boy
27.31b 30.04
mo-na o shuule (> muno o shuule) ; wa-na mo- ; wa- etu ; ewa
wa shuule
pupil
54.48
mo-na-waako ; wa-na-waako mo- ; wa- etu ; ewa

my younger brother/sister
21346
mo-na-waakwe ; wa-na-waakwe mo- ; wa- etu ; ewa

his younger brother/sister, younger brother/sister (used by elder siblings/younger
siblings), junior person
> ft* m<D-) , % ! . tti ! (BftfWt)
27.34f 27.4
mo-na wo ndeeyako n'-niini ; wa-na wa mo- wa-

; etu ; ewa
ndeeyako n'-niini
cousin (son of father's elder brother)
27.5
mo-na wo ndeeyako n'-tu ; wa-na wa mo- ; wa- etu ; ewa

ndeeyako n'-tu
cousin (son of father's younger brother), cousin (daughter of father's elder brother)
27.50b 27.50d
e-naa ;
cp. "drink, 22.19" in length

droop (to -), loose firmness (to -)
42.08b
nama
ki-nama ; shi-nama ki- ; shi-
hip
m (*>fcttrtts)
2.17
nanambo
i-nanambo ; ma-nanambo i- ; ma-
one type of cooking bananas and biggest banana) (eaten by boiling, also used for
(soft
brewing, greenish/blue-greenish colour, about 1 5 cm long and 3~4cm in diameter.)
ffl'N*-*"}-<0-o (i Ltttt^^ itA^f ^^^<tf)
(gSifal 5cm. Sg3
;
~4cm mfrb1t&&. JBiSfll feffi5)

,
41.40u
nanasi
i-nanasi ; ma-nanasi (<Sw) i- ; ma-
pineapple (introduced)
41.47
nanatya
e-nanatya ; e-
sprinkle (water, salt, etc.) (to -) (generic)

m< (*&-) . mvfrtts mm*-)
e-yi-nanatya sprinkle it (salt) (to -)
49.3 20.25
nanchunga
ki-na-n'-chunga ; shl-na-n'-chiinga ki- ; shi-
shrew (mouse)
33.43b
nange
ki-nange ; shi-nange ki- ; shi-
market (open market; hold twice a week)

m (g^m*> mz. 2 m%m)
54.49
nango
e-nango ; e-
drunk (to get -)
22.2 22.10g
nangoyo
ki-nangoyo ; shi-nangoyo ki- ; shi-
velvet monkey
33.04d
nashi
-nashi ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
anger
57.26
nasi
-nasi ;
coconut (introduced)
41.5
ndal
-nda ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
louse (generic)
39.22
nda2
ri'-nda ; mi -nda N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
land of one family including and banana field home site (cp. bush). Bananas are
planted jointly with cocoyam, yam, beans and maize.
54.0lb
ndafu
-ndafu ; -sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
male goat
ttiJj^ mm (0>*ritK:iM*>e>-f)
32.28
-ndafu iingitane ; -ndafu tiingitane zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
castrated male goat
32.28b
ndara
-ndara ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
seed, seed (of a fruit), grain, nut, berry
41.19 40.27,41.34,41.48c
-ndara ya kaawa ; -ndara ta kaawa zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
coffee nut
n-fc-
41.48b
-ndara tingiwiri ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
ripe coffee nuts
41.48d
-ndara tingiwishii ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
unripe coffee nuts
41.48e
-ndara ya mbarika ; -ndara ta mbarika zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
castor-oil bean
40.21
ndasha
-ndasha ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
place where a divine message is passed to villagers, fortune-telling

,
*stf tf'3J9f, &tf
14.18b
ndede
ndede ;
truth, fact
5031b
ndee
-ndee ; wa-ndee zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa
father (Kiwoso origin)
27.01
-ndee yaako ; wa-ndee wako zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

my father, my fathers
27.0 le
-ndee yaafo ; wa-ndee wafo zero- : wa- etu ; ewa

your (sg.) father, your (sg) fathers
\(D'Â
27.02
-ndee yaakwe ; wa-ndee wakwe zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

his father, his fathers
27.03
-ndee yeedu ; wa-ndee wedu zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

our father, our fathers
27.04
-ndee yaani ; wa-ndee weni zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

your (pi.) father, your (pi.) fathers
27.05
-ndee yaawo ; wa-ndee wawo zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa

their father, their fathers
27.06
-ndee-ye ; wa-ndee-ye zero- ; wa-

his father, his fathers
27.03b
-ndee-ye n'-niini ; wa-ndee-ye wa-niini zero- ; wa-

uncle (father's elder brother) (lit. big father)
*5U (Xff>52.)
27.43
-ndee-ye n'tu ; wa-ndee-ye wa-tu zero- ; wa-

uncle (father's younger brother) (lit. small father)
27.43b
-ndee-ye o kabi ; wa-ndee wa kabi zero- ; wa-

stepfather
27.47
-ndee-am'mi, -ndam'mi
-ndee-am'mi / -ndam'mi ;
zero-
father-in-law (lit. father of husband)
28.19b
#NAME?
-ndee-anka ; zero-
father-in-law (lit. father of wife)

* (SOX)
28.19
ndeena
-ndeena ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ;eti
young domestic animal (goat/sheep/cattle/ etc.), livestock (generic)
32.28d 32.40b
ki-ndeena ; shi-ndeena ki- ; shi-
kid
ki-ndeena ; shi-ndeena ki- ; shi-

lamb, kid, calf
*m<Dm& (**, i^r. ?m
3230b 32.27b
ndeeye
-ndeeye ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
bird (generic)
38.01
-ndeeye (= ndeke ) ;
airplane
46.65b
ndeke
-ndeke ( ndeeye ) ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
airplane
mnm
46.65
-ndeke ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
game of windmill. The windmill is made in the following way: Make two pieces of
rectangular (15 x 5cm) from dried bark of eucalytus. Make two parallel slits in the
middle of one piece. Put the other piece through the slits to form a cross. Pierce a
small hole in the cross centre. Pass a stick through the hlole. Boys' game.
IhIU &^TV^, 3--*';o*<Z)S/JES:g$ 1 5 cm, fog 4 cmfigK 2 #J <0 t <0 , -*
ftfcfr. *fflW|*&iau &f3. JSîfitf.
51.03n
ndeshe
-ndeshe ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cave (big cave where people and cattle are evacuated in war time)
71.07b
ndeu
-ndeu ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
abdomen, stomach
. n
2.09 5.15
ndimu
-ndimu ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
lemon, lime (introduced)
41.49
ndingo
u-ndingo ; -ndingo u- ; zero- elu ; eti
circle crosspieces to be interlaced with pillars in the wall of a traditional conical house
24.17f
ndishi
-ndishi ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
plantation banana (one type of cooking bananas, There are two types of banana: hard
one and soft one. This one belongs to the soft banana. 1 5 cm long and 4-5 cm in
diameter. It is also used for brewing. Blue-green colour)
&m'<i-f<n-^ (itLTftf^S) (ft$^15cm figftl 4 ~ 5 cm. m&frbftB
41.40r
ndol
ki-ndo ; shi-ndo ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
thing, tool, belongings, wealth, property
%. >m mm. a* ( r^j kwt#)
78.01 47.06,31.18
ki-ndo eki ; shi-ndo eshi ki- ; shi-
this thing
79.09e
ki-ndo ekyo ; shi-ndo esho ki- ; shi-
that thing
79.10e
;
ki-ndo kya ; shi-ndo shia ki- ; shi-
that thing over there
79.1 Id
ki-ndo kieni ; shi-ndo sheeni ki- ; shi-
fting itself
79.07k
shi-ndo shifie ;
- ; shi- - ; eshi
many things
5932
shi-ndo shoose ;
- ; shi- - ; eshi
all things
59J5b
che ki-ndo-n' ;
nothing (lit. not+thing-not)
naree kindon'. He is naked. (< he wears nothing.);

waree kindon'. They are naked.;
78.01c
shi-ndo shiinga ;
-
; shi-
how many things
59J6b
a-ndo ( = nyando ) a-
place (definite -)
mm
78.04
ny-a-ndo ;
place (definite -)
mm
78.04b
a-ndo ko mudo ; a-
fireplace (lit. place+of+fire), kitchen
24.12b
a-ndo ko ] ng'an'ra ; a-
instead of meat (lit. the place of meat)
81.14
a-ndo kolala ; a-
sleeping place (definite place)
24.11b
a-ndo ] kiidendeya ; kii-ndo ] kiidendeya a- ; ku-

slippery place
45.15
a-ndo kueni ; kii-ndo kueni a- ; ku-

place itself
79.07n
a-ndo kwelala ; a-
sleeping place (definite place)
24.11
ando kuwode kirenge ; kii-ndu kuwode a- ; ku-

kirenge
noisy town
70.25
a-ndo kwoiye ] sau ; kii-ndo kwoiye ] sau a- ; ku-

calm place
70.24
kii-ndo kwelala ; ku-

sleeping place (indefinite place)
24.11c
kii-ndo ; ku-
place (indefinite -)
mm
78.04c
ndoana
-ndoana ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
fish-hook
37.07
ndool
-ndoo ;
cp. "bucket, 21.16" in TP

north
it
69.4
ndoo2
-ndoo ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cp. "north, 69.40" in TP

bucket
21.16
ndooro
-ndooro ;
colobus monkey, Kilimanjaro Colobus
33.04c
ndooshi
-ndooshi, -ndooshi ;
lizard, striped lizard
35.11 35.14c
-ndooshi ya wanga ; ndooshi ta wanga zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
striped lizard (slender -)
YlJ? ("ndooshnrfelTV^ri^ J
^ JHfflJDTrfc5)
35.14d
h'-ndu ; wa-ndu N'- ; wa- etu : ewa

person
A
30.01
ri'-ndu achiishii ; wa-ndu wachiishii N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa

living person
#TV^3A
31.09
h'-ndu afiye miso ; wa-ndu wafiye miso N'- ; wa- etu : ewa
blind person (generic) (lit. person+who lost (die) eyes)
><& mm
13.04
h'-ndu alwe ; wa-ndu walwe N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa

patient, invalid
8.06
h'-ndu awode rina ; wa-ndu wawode rina N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa
important person (lit. to have+name)
54.24
edema wa-ndu weechi edema

h'-ndu eechi ; N'- wa- ; etu ; ewa
personwho is skilful in agriculture (lit. person who knows cultivation)
lkW&M<n&Z> A
47.42
h'-ndu muntu ; wa-ndu wantu N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa

small person (in size)
/hSfcA (#*&#-)
h'-ndu n'-ntu, junior person, low ranked person;
75.08a
h'-ndu ar'umbie ; wa-ndu war'umbie N'- ; wa-

blind person (generic) (lit. person+who closes eyes)
13.04b
ri'-ndu n'-fu ; wa-ndu wa-fu N'- ; wa-

corpse (lit. man who is dead)
31.04
wa-ndu wantu ; - ; wa-

a few people, small people
<>m<r>k, 'h^tek* (tM*#-)
59.33
wa-ndu wafie ; - ; wa-

many people
59.31
wa-ndu woose ; - ; wa-

all people
59.35
n'-ndu woose ; wa-ndu woose N'- ; wa-

anybody, all people
79.08
n'-ndu umwi ; N'- etu ; ewa

one person
-A
mangi umwi / mangi omwi, one chief
-molyi umwi, one bride

tondo lyimwi, one fool
59.56
wa-ndu wadadu ; - ; wa-

three persons
HA
wa-mangi wadadu, three chiefs
59.56c
wa-ndu waw'i ; - ; wa- etu ; ewa

two persons
rA
wa-mangi wawi, two chiefs
wa-molyi wawi, two brides

ma-tondo aawi, two fools
59.56b
wa-ndu waana ; - ; wa-

four persons
HA
59.56d
wa-ndu tanu ; - ; wa-

five persons
A
59.56e
wa-ndu weenga ; ; wa-

how many people
59 36
ndudu
-ndiidu ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
wart
W$
11.13
ndunda
-ndiinda ;
peach
41.51b
nduw'i
-nduw'i ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cf. fig. 3b in Illustrations
calabash bottle, calabash (plant).
21.03 41.39
ndwaari
-ndwaari ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
illness, disease
8.01
ne sindiso
ne sindiso ;
Good day!, Good afternoon!, Good evening!
82.06
nga
nga ; pf-nga-pf
which?
75.81
ri'-soro u-nga-u ; wa-soro wa-nga-wa N'- ; wa-

which son?
75.81b
ri'-ji u-nga-u ; mi-ji i-nga-i N'- ; mi-

which tree?
75.81c
i-yoo lyi-nga-lyi ; ma-yoo a-nga-wa l- ; ma-

which tooth?
75.81d
ki-ndo ki-nga-ki ; shi-ndo shi-nga-shi ki- ; shi-

which thing?
75.8 le
-nungu i-nga-i ; -niingu ti-nga-ti zero- ; zero-

which pot?
75.81f
u-liko lu-nga-lu ; ngyiiu-liko ti-nga-ti u- ; ngyuu-

which ladle?
75.81g
ndo aki
a-ndo aki ; ku-ndo kuda a- ; ku-
which place?
75.81h
ngaar'i
-ngaar'i ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
40 in Illustrations
cf. fig.
wheel, hoop rolling (boys' game)

ft. ftHIL (^T-cOiSt/o ftSl-ihyvtOtJ^bV Aik#>T^5*ffl^ft. gl;MfflVvK*
46.58 51.03c
ngache
-ngache ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
young cattle (male/female -)
*$ (tt/tttf)-)
32.10d
ki-ngache / -ngache ; shi-ngache / -ngache ki- ; shi-
young cattle (male/female -)
vv (tt/ft*fc)
32.30e
ngada
-ngada ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
head pad, shoulder pad (it is made out of banana leaf)
61.23
ngala
-ngala ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
crab
36.05
ngalya
-ngalya ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
grasshopper
/< -y %
39.15
;
ngama
-ngama ;
zero- eyi
morning, dawn
m. mm
74.05a 74.1
nganana
-nganana ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
banana flower
41.40e
ngangaya
-ngangaya ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
bushbaby
-f v y x.^4 if
{
33.04e
ngara
-ngara ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
bush, uncultivated land
ngare-n', in the bush

71.13 33.01
kya-ngara ; sha-ngara ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi

wild animal (lit. of-bush)
mm (-)
33.01
ngaracho (= ngara)
-ngaracho (= ngara) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
bush, uncultivated land
71.13b
ngasi
-ngasi ;
ladder
25.08
ngata
-ngata ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
difference, strangeness, strange manner
kindo kya ngata, strange thing;

75.76k
ki-ndo kya ngata J ingi ; ki-
different thing (lit. thing+of+difference+with)
68.24b
ki-ndo kya ngata ; ki-
strange thing
i>(D
68.24c
ngekefu I
-ngekefu ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
hiccups
6.26
ngerero
-ngerero ;
moustache, beard (generic)

p. #& & mowm
1.23 1.29
ngi
ngi ;
another, other, some

fife (73
75.77
ri'-soro u-ngi ; wa-soro we-ngi N'- ; wa-

another son / other sons
75.77b
n'-ji u-ngi ; mi-ji i-ngi N'- ; mi-

another tree / other trees
ffetf)yK
75.77c
i-yoo lyi-ngi ; ma-yoo e-ngi l- ; ma-

another tooth / other teeth
75.77d
ki-ndo ki-ngi ; shi-ndo sh i-ngi ki- ; shi-
another thing / other things
75.77e
-nungu i-ngi ; nungu ti-ngi zero- ; zero-

another pot / other pots
75.77f
li-liko lu-ngi ; ngyuu-liko ti-ngi u- ; ngyuu-

another ladle / other ladles
75.77g
a-ndo ku-ngi ; ku-ndo ku-ngi a- ; ku-

another place
75.77h
;
ngima
-ngima ;
blue monkey
33.04b
ngina
-ngina (= -songoro ) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
upper stone to grind tobacco leaf (to -) (small and hard stone) (see "u-yoo")
M%.<DM&&<tctb<D&\,vl^ (0M "u-yoo")
43.27g
ngocha
-ngocha ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
old clothes torn

ffitflTV>3#V^B
15.14b
ngoda
-ngoda ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
poor person, orphan

MSA. fflljfc
54.52b 27.54
ngoho
-ngocho ;
cowry
36.04
ngolo
-ngolo ;
female goat that has borne a kid

ÛJ&A,7cftUJ#
32.29
ngoma
-ngoma ;
soon, within the same day, afterwards, later on

**>&< (&. mmmw . ^hwhk. ht-z
74.23 74.24
ngoo
-ngoo ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
heart
5.13
ngoro
-ngoro ;
adult female cattle (adult male cattle is for meat)

ftco/S^ (tttf>$^HiPklffl)
32.10c
ngoru
-ngoru ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
scar
10.12
ngowera
-ngow era ;
moss
40.54
nguchu
-nguchu ; -sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cheek
1.24
nguku
-nguku ;
sg (<Sw?) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
fowl (cock or hen) (intoroduced recently. There was no fowl in the area 60 ~ 70 years
ago, and therefore no custom to eat fowls. Only young people used to catch francolins
("nguware") in the forest and ate them.)
m (&$0 (6 0~7 OSirfcttHftL0><b8S&fio-CV*;&o;fc. fot, SKI?0>A&fc
^Smtftii^fc. tctz^MtmÛ-r: TL^CJ (francolinÎ&oT&^TV^ctWô )
nguku tifie, many fowls,
nguku eto, those fowls.

38.19
nguleta
-ngiileta ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
bullock, castrated male cattle, ox
32.11b
ngumin
-ngumin ;
urinary bladder
mm
5.21
nguru
-nguru ;
tortoise
35.16
nguwale
-nguwale ; =sg (Tone?) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
francolin
38.12d
nguwe
-ngiiw e ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
pig, domestic pig (intoroduced recently. It is very popular at present.)
32.25
-ngiiw'e ya ngare-n' ; -ngiiw'e ta ngare-n' zero- ; zero-

bush pig (lit. pig +of+bush)
33.24
nguya
-nguya ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
eyelash
%
1.13
ng'amung'amu
- ; ma-ng'amung'amu ; - ; ma- - ; ewa
sleep (light -)
44.04b
ngana
e-ng ana ; e-
grow (for person/animal/plant, etc. to -), big (to be -) (generic)
29.14 42.04, 75.06c
ki-te ki-ng'an-e ; shi-te shing'ane ki- ; shi-

big dog (lit. dog+which is big)
75.05
ri'-ndu a-ng'an-e ; wa-ndu wa-ng'an-e N'- ; wa-

big person (lit. person+who is big)
75.05b
u-r'ika lu-ng'an-e ; ngyiiu-r'ika ti-ng'an-e u- ; ngyuu-

spacious country (in area)
jkv^s (saw*)
75.71
ng'an-is-a
e-ng'an-is-a ; caus.?
bring up (children) (to -)
29.13
ng'ande
-ng'ande ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
banana dish called "ng'ande." banana porridge. A type of banana called "ndishi" is
smashed with a small amount of banana called "n'chaare." This is boiled with pieces
of meat, salt and a little oil in a pot covered with banana leaf. After boiling, it is
stirred well until it becomes paste, eaten with a spoon.
A'tf(?o< Zm^-kô "ndishi" tHS^<i-)-liC"n'chaaTc"t^S^-r-r^^M1]n^X^>S
u /hpfcgjofcfc&ii-tf, mt^momxmtttfi-z. ^-n-^mxm^Ltcmxmx. <
19.13g
ng'an'ra
-ng'an'ra ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
meat (some parts are eaten by only men and some parts by only women)
34.39
-ng'an'ra ilangishe ] nicha ; ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti

tilangishe ] nicha
meat not cooked enough (lit. meat which is not cooked well)
20.13
-ng'an'ra ] ingiwishi ; ng'an'ra ] ngiwishl zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
raw meat
20.14
-ng'an'ra i-booye ; ng'an'ra ti-booye zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
rotten meat
23.17
-ng'an'ra na shindo shingi ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
meat etc.
&E (W-)
81.16
-ng'an'ra tubu ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
only meat
tm (I*-)
81.17b
-ng'an'ra ya mafuda ; ng'an'ra ta mafuda zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
fat, greasy meat
34.4
-ng'an'ra ya m'-mbii ; ng'an'ra ta m-mbii zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
flesh, meat without bones
34.41
ngasa
-ng asa ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
shake hands
54.42b
ng'uruu
-ng uruu ;
hyena
33.13
niche
niche ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cockroach
39.17
mini
u-niini ;
bigness
*#
75.07
mm
ki-nini ; shi-nini ki- ; shi-
occiput
1.03
ninika
e-ninika ;
kill by hanging (to -)
56.14
nisa
e-nisa ;
irrigate (to -)
72.0lc
nka
i-nka ; ma-nka i- ; ma-
hen which has laid eggs
38.23
nkandooko
-nkandooko ; =sg zero- ; zero- eru ; ewa
chested cuckoo(?) bird which sings before rain
38.12g
nkyo lwaambe
nkyo lwaambe ;
namely (lit. that is, we say?)
81.11
nlenguo
n'-lengiio ; mi-lengiio N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
game of seesaw, seesaw
->- y -jgt>\ "nIenguo"fiv- V -^(D <k cD^-fo
51.03m
nr'aachi
n-r'aachi ; =sg zero-, zero- eyi ; eti
wire
&&
62.22
nr'uwa
-nr'iiwa ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
basin of a waterfall, devil sprit which lives in a waterfall

?ts. II-o (ft^v^-C, A#1"-5)
72.09 60.08b
ntu
mu-ntu ; mu-
something small
75.10b
ki-ntu ; ki-
little bit (a -)
81.08
ki-te ] ki-ntu ; shi-te ] shi-ntu ki- ; shi-
small dog
75.08
ii-r'ika ] lii-ntu ; ngyiiu-r'ika ] ngi-ntu u- ; ngyuu-

small country (in area)
ftv^H (ffiStt*)
75.72
nul
i-nu / e-nu ;
today
74.13
nu2
ku-nu ; ku-
hereabout (indefinite place)
kunu n' kiiukucha. This place is nice.
79.12b
nu3
n -nu ;
too much
81.07c
numa
-numa ;
behind, the reverse
numa ya ibokisi, behind the box;
numa ya n'lango, behind the door.

67.18 66.09
nungu
-nungu ;
pot (generic)
21.01
-nungu ngeeni ;
pi. not "tieni"

pot itself
79.071
-nungu ya muda ; nungu ta muda zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
pot for keeping water (lit. pot of water)
21.02
-nungu ye-koria ; nungu te-koria zero- ; zero-
cooking pot (lit. pot+of-to cook in)
21.01b
-nungu eyi ; nungu eti zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
this pot
79.09f
-nungu eyo ; nungu eto zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
that pot
79.10f
-nungu yia ; nungu tia zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
that pot over there
79.11e
-nungu yia-yia ; nungu tiatia zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
same pot
75.76h
nunuya
e-nuniiya ;
complain (to -)
50.75
;
nwol
e-nwo e-
whet (to -), sharpen the edge (to -)
63.15b
nwo2, wo
nwo / wo ;
them (Independent PN)
wo n' waawacha. They are beautiful.

79.06
nwo w'eeni / wo w'eeni ;
themselves
79.07g
Ny
nyaangwe
n'-nyaangwe ; mi-nyaangwe N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
firefly
m
39.12
nyaanya
-nyaanya ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
tomato (introduced)
40.4
nyalaamisi
nyalaamisi ;
(<Sw)
Thursday
74.38d
nyani
u-nyaril ; n'-nyaril u- ; N'- elu ;eti
greens (Tomato, onion, pumpkin or cucumber is not included in this word.) (kiwoso
origin)
40.3
nyanya
ku-nyanya ; ku-
eight
A
59.08
nyasa
ki-nyasa ; shi-nyasa ki- ; shi-
trousers (short -)
*X^> (8**-?-)
15.20b
nyelyi
-nyelyl ;
because, reason why
80.06f
nyeni, eni
nyeni / eni ;
you (pi.) (Independent PN)

mm
eni n' muuwacha. You (pi) are beautiful.;
79.05
nyenyi w'eeni / eni w'eeni ;

yourselves
79.07f
nyesi, esi
nyesi / esi ;
us (Independent PN)
%m
esi n' liiuwacha. We are beautiful.
79.04
nyesi w'eeni / esi w'eeni ;
ourselves
79.07e
nyewe, ewe
nyewe / ewe ;
you (sg.) (Independent PN)

m
ewe n' kuncha. You (sg) are beautiful.
79.02
nyewe muni / ewe muni ;
yourself
5(sg)S#
79.07e
nyi / ni
ri'-nyi ; mi-nyi N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
finger
3.06
ri'-nyi o kiidi ; mi-nyi ya kiidi N'- ; mi-

middle finger (lit. finger+of+middle)
3.09
ri'-nyi u-ng'ane ; mi-nyi ing'ane N'- ; mi-

thumb (lit. finger+big)
mm
3.07
nyidu
mu-nyidu ; wa-nyidu mu- : wa-
younger brother/sister/person, junior person
27.34c
nyile
i-nyile ; ma-nyile l- ; ma-
waterfall
72.21
nyinda
-nyinda ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
banana plant
41.40
nyindo
-nyindo ;
hammer
ekabia na nyindo, to use a hammer/ to beat with a

hammer;
47.14
nyinyi
i-nyinyi ; ma-nyinyi l- ; ma-
thief
54.13
nyinyir'il
-nyinyirl ; =sg zero- ; zero-
cp. "star, 69.08" in TP

ant (very small black ant)
mm (bxi>fr^mm)
39.31b
nyinyir'i2
-nyinyir'i ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cp. "ant, 39.31" in TP

star
69.08
nyin', nin'
nyin' / nin' ;
me (Independent PN)
%
nin' ngiicha. I am beautiful.;
79.01
nyin' muni / nin' muni ;
myself
&#
79.07b
nyisa
e-nyisa ;
spread water (on the floor) (to -)
**&< ([aJ63&)
24.25b
nyiwe, we
nyiwe / we ;
him, her (Independent PN)

ft. ft&
we n' nyancha. He/She is beautiful.;
79.03
nyiwe muni / we muni ;
himself/herself
ft (ft*) d#
79.07d
nyiw'i?
nyiw'i? ; nwaki?
who?
ft?
80.01
nyo nyo
e-nyo ;
hit with the head (to be -)
52.16c
nyodo
-nyodo ;
nipple, teat (of human beings/cow/animals; generic)

?Lf (a, 4^. mm<r> mm
2.08 32.17b
N'
it is
80.04c
nyangaa? (< n' anga-a?) ;
which (place)?, where?

EV> (*ffi) ?, M&?
80.04b
; ;
ny-inga-i? (< n' inga-i?) ; ntinga-ti? (< n'

tinga-ti?)
which (pot)?
if<D (m) ?
80.03d
nkiki?(<n' klki?) ;
why?
80.06
nkinga-ki? (< n' kinga-ki?) ; nshinga-shi? (<

n' shinga-shi?)
which (thing)? (lit. it is +which thing?)

i?<D (ft) ? . if ft?
80.03c
n' kiida? (> n'kuda?)

how?
80.07
nkwi? ;
(< n'-kwi (?))
where?
ffl&L?
80.04
nkyooki na nkiki? (< n' kyooki na n' klki?)
what and why?
80.06b
nkyoo-ki? (< n' kyoo-ki? ) ; nshi-ki? (< n'
shi-ki?)
what thing? (used except human beings)
80.02
nliinga-lu? (< n' liinga-lu?) ; ntinga-ti? (< n'

tinga-ti?)
which (ladle)?
)<D (ffitt) ?
80.03e
ny-unga-u? (< n' linga-u?) ; nwanga-wa? (<

n' wanga-wa?)
which (son)?
ir'co (JiÔ ?
80.03
ny-iinga-u? (< n' linga-u?) ; ny-inga-i? (< n'
inga-i?)
which (tree)?
i?e> (*) ?
80.03b
; ; 1
n'la
e-n'la e-
1. look at (to -), watch (to -), 2. foretaste (to -), see how sth tastes (to -), 3. take care
of (to -), look after a child (to -), 4. face sth (to -)
i. jls, uotss, 2. p^sr-rs. 3. ww&jlz &#<d-) , 4. fr<
7.02 45.27, 07.06, 22.09, 29. 1 5, 61 .8
e-n'la mbar'i-n' ; e-
look around (to -) (lit. see sides)

SMt
7.09
e-n'la numa ; e-
look behind (to -)
7.1
e-ku-n'la ; (ku=reflex) e-ku-

seen each other (to be -)
07.03b
n'-laini
ri'-lairii ; mi-lairil N'- ; mi-

something which soft
23.12b
nyi / ni
kya manchengelela
ki-n'-ni ; shi-n'-ni sha ki-n'- ; shi-n'-
manchengelela
little finger (lit. finger+of+?)
3.11
nri
-nr i ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cp. "n'-ri (root), 41.26"

knee, fly
m. a*.
4.03 39.26
ri'-nr'i ; mi-nr'i N'_

m j.
root, tendon
41.26
O
>1
yo-6 (< ya-6 )
there (definite place near the other)
yoo n' kuukucha. That place is nice.
79.13
; ;
ef-6 ;
thereabout (indefinite place near the other)
efo n' kiiukucha. That place is nice.
79.13b
o2
ki-o (> ky-o ) ; shi-o ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
night
* (BfF<*o-c^5R$[ffl)
74.08
6 n'-konu ;
every day (kiwoso origin)
74.16b
oda
e-oda e-
expose oneself (to -)
48.16b
e-oda mudo ; e-
warm oneself near the fire (to -)
48.16
odooye
kyo-odooye ; sho-odooye ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
round worm
&
39.46 08.15e
ojya
e-ojya e-
dream (to -)
44.05
ma-ojyo ; - ; ma- - ; ewa

dream
44.06
oka
e-oka
e-
knit (with hands) (to -) (kiwoso origin)
16.10b
okooyo
o-kooyo / u-kooyo ; ngyoo-kooyo o-, u- ;
elu ; eti
ngyoo-
top of a centre pillar (banana house) (It is sticking out of a roof.)
24.13h
;
okya
e-okya ( > yo-okya) &
roast (to -)
20.09
olia
e-olia ; e-
spread medicine (to -)
m (mm) *<
43.14
oloka
e-oloka ; e-
1. down (from mountain) (to -), go down (a river) (to -), 2. drop (to -), fall
climb
down (to -), go down (for the sun) (to -), 3. taken off <clothes> (to become -) (vi)
1. &t9 3 (ijj>>-) T3 UH&-) r*/^xaP>0 3j <o*i*t?fiffi^*v^
. ( .
2. &t>3. ittf. 3. Mtf% (*g#-)

46.14 61.12,69.05,15.08
e-oloka ] miide-n' ; e-
enter the water (to -), go into the water (to -) (lit. to go down + in water)
72.47 46.14
e-oloka na ] miida ; e-
downstream (to go -) (lit. climb down+water)
72.18b 46.14
olok-i-a
e-olokia, e-olokya ;
appl.? e-
1. set (for the sun) (to -), 2. sink (to drop to (to -), 3. apologize (to -), beg pardon
-),
(to -), 4. purify (to -), beg forgiveness after one was cursed (to -) (In order to purify,
people carry grass called "ng'oora" tied with a tree branch called "isale.")
1. *tl3
2. its (V&-)
(H^'-) . - 3. if3. 4. JS&Vvf-^, yife-5 ("ng'oora" iV">
t \ff&*<r>mz.ffi/v-{:Wh#< )
5 ^"isale"
ruwa lyiama eolokia. The sun has setk.;
69.05b 72.29,50.64,60.17
olonga
e-olonga ; e-
point (to -)
4534 45.32b
Dlooya
-olooya ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; ewa
uncle (mother's brother)
*5D ()
27.44
-olooya ; wa-olooya zero- ; zero- etu ; ewa

cousin (son/daughter of mother's brother), cousin (son/daughter of father's sister)
V^C (m<D5LJfi<D?m , ^fcC (*fl*O^HK)
27.50e 27.50c
; ; ;
olota
e-olota ; caus. e-
drop (vt) (to -)
mt-t
61.11
omal
e-oma ; e-
1. wither (to -), dry up (for laundry/land to -), dry and hard (to become -), 2. faint (to
-), unconscious (to become -), vi
i. tttis, &< mmm/^smifi-) . ^tb<**. 2. ^w-t-s, mk*%<-t
42.08 49.12,23.10,12.13
oma2
e-oma ( > yo-oma / yu-uma ) e-
difficult (to be -)
47.56c
e-oma ] ri'-nu (> y-uuma n'-nu) e-
difficult (to be too -)
47.56d
e-oma ] den' (> y-uuma ] den') e-
difficult (to be too -)
47.56e
omba
e-omba ; e-
lend domestic animal (to -) (When a borrowed animal bears a baby, the first baby
belongs to the lender and other babies to the borrower.)
n-r (sksf ; *k urn . -) ^*)-feMWtt*tehtm, tew><-mi.%.^<D^<D
<D, )
53.25b
omwo
e-omwo ( > yo-omwo) e-
l. inhale (to -), breathe in (to -), suck out (to -), 2. pull (to -), pull up (to -)
1. i&v^tjN QJk^&ii-. 2. 3lo3fi5. 3l#-ttf3. ik<
e-omwo hewa inhale (to -), breathe in (to -) (lit. to
breathe in+air)
6.14 14.06,61.54,61.60,62.25
ona
e-ona ; e-
hear the wind blowing (to -)
69.29
ondi
ki-ondi ; sho-ondi ki- ; shi-

vat for brewing alcoholic drinks.
21.15a
;
mo-ondi (< mu-ondi ) ; mi-ondi mu- ; mi- etu ; eyi
vat for brewing alcoholic drinks (big -) (about 3-4 feet in length, 1 and half feet in
width. 2 feet in depth.)
8{t-5*i<08 (:ft3~4-7^-K mmi7J-h. i^27^-h)
21.15b
onga
e-onga ; e-
suck (to -)
22.08
e-onga iw'ee ; e-
suck the nipple (to -) ,
29.17
ongo
ki-ongo ; shi-ongo ki- ; shi-
donkey (no donkey in the area)
32.33
ongoma
e-ongoma ; e-
bend over (to -)
45.09
ongwo
e-ongwo / 1-ongwo ; e-
scorched (to become -)
CtfZ
23.15
onja
e-onja ( > yo-onja ) e-
try (to -)
77.09
ool
-shio ; -shio zero- ; zero- eyi ;eti
kidney
5.2
oo2
ch-oo ; sh-oo (<Sw) c hi- ; shi- eki ; eshi
toilet (inside of a house or outside)
24.15
oode
oode ;
no
82.02
; ; ;
ooka
ku-ooka ; ku-
beginning, at the beginning
76.05
ora
e-ora ( > yo-ora ) e-
show (to -), show round (to -)

1. jmt3. mrt-rs, otL-cms (tr*, n&* m&-) , 2. am-ti mm*-)
7.14 46.46,29.01b
e-ora chia ; e-
lead the way (to -), show the way (to -)
46.49
e-ora mayoo ; e-
show teeth (to -), display teeth (to -)
45.26
on
mo-ori / mw-6ri ; mi-ori mo-, mu- ; etu ; eyi
mi-
cp. "container..., 32.35" in TP
1. eyebrow, 2. container for feeding livestock
i. i, 2. mm
1.11 32.35
oro
-oro ; =sg zero-, zero- eyi ; eti
uncastrated adult male goat
32.28c
oroka
e-oroka ( > yo-oroka) stat. e-
1. stand up (to -), stop (vi.), 2. straight (to become -), flat (for metal etc. to become -)
45.01 46.51,63.04,63.10
oro-t-a (> yo-orota)
e-orota ( > yo-orota) caus. e-
stand up (to make sb -), stop (vt) (to -), straighten (sth bent) (to -), unfold (to -), fix a
recalcitrant person (to -), flatten (metal) (to -), stretch out (to -)
1. je#e>*3. JSîaci-. tctc-t (flffcfcoTVÂfc-) - 2. iktf>3 (M^
45.03 46.52b, 63.03, 63.06, 63.09, 63.23
e-orota ] ri'-ndu ; caus. e-
stop a person (to -)

ik>-5 (A*-)
46.52
; ;
orot-o (> yo-oroto)

e-oroto (> yo-oroto) caus., pass, e-
straightened (to be -) (pass)
63.04b
orokya
e-orokya ; e-
govern (to -), rule over (to -)
55.01
oromwo
e-oromwo ; e-
undo (something knitted) (to -), untangle (to -)
16.11 63.22
orwo
e-orwo ( > yo-orwo ) e-
stretch (sth) (to -), straighten oneself (to -)
tttf-r i^n/m/M*-) . jews

45.21b 38.38,45.10
e-orwo makongo ; e-
stretch wings (to -)
38.38c
e-ku-6rwo ;
(ku=reflex) e-ku-
stretch oneself (to -), straighten oneself (to -)
45.21 45.1
oria
copulate (for animal to -)
32.09b
or'oda
e-or'6da ;
bark (for dog to -)
32.05
ose
ko-ose (< ku-ose) ku-

everywhere
79.15
; ; ;
ososa
e-ososa ( > yo-ososa) e-
roll up (to -), wind (to -), make sth rounded (to -), twist (to -), coil itself up (to -), coil
(to be in a -)
e-ososa n'-kucha roll up a mat (to -), wind a mat (to -)
25.13 63.07, 35.03
e-ososa ur'uu ; e-
rub a string (to -)
47.38
osos-i-a
e-ososia ;
appl.? e-
coil itself up (to -), coil (to be in a -)

fc<'5#<
35.03b
e -ososia ; appl.
wrap up (to -)
fttf
61.72
osos-o
e-ososo ; pass. e-
twisted (to be - by), twisted (to be already -) (pass, stat)
63.08
otea
i-otea ; ma-otea i- ; ma-
bud, twig
42.03
OUO
e-ouo ( > yo-ouo ) e-
peel off (to -)
&*) 3, fijjs-t (fj&-)

41.06b
e-ouo ikanda ( > yo-ouo ikanda ) ;

e-
take off the bark (to -)
ttft*rtt#5i-
41.06
owa
e-owa e-
1. hide (oneself) (to game of hide-and-seek. (When

-) (vi), 2. it finds one person, the
game is over at the moment, game for both boys and girls)
45.50c 51.03J
; ;
e-owa kiricho-n' ;
shelter from the sun (to -)
kiricho-n', in the shade.

69J3
e-owa mbuo ;
hide from the rain (to -), avoid the rain (to -)
MSB-*-*, M>&tf3
69.35
OWO
kyo-owo (< ki-oowo) ; sho-owo (< shi-oowo) ki- ; shi-
rope, rope to tie cattle to a post, string (generic)

n-7\ ^Srtt4*fii*<*fc><z>o-y, jR
47.4
owoka
e-owoka ;
cast one's skin (to -)
35.02
owuo
e-owiio ( > yo-owuo )
fear (to -), afraid of (to be -), frighten (to -)
57.22 60.03
ow-osh-a (?)
e-ow-6sh-a (?) caus.?
1. threaten (to -), frighten (to -), 2. dangerous (to be -)
l. jsif-i; W#>1-, 2. fe^v^

52.04 57.23, 75.74]
ow'eta
e-ow'eta ;
incline (to -)
61.41
owet-er-a
e-ow'etera ; caus. .'
inclined (to make -)
fcifZ
61.41b
paamba
paamba ; (<Sw) zero-, zero- eyi ; eti
cotton (not exist)
40.52
pacha
i-pacha ; ma-pacha (<Sw?) i- ; ma-
twin
29.09
pamba
e-pamba ; e-
decorate (a room) (to -) (new fashion introduced from Sw)

BZ> (SM&-)
24.14
pambauka
e-pambauka ;
(<Sw) e-
get bright (by the sun, a candle) (to -)
70.12b
par'a chiini
i-par'a chiini ; ma-par'a chiini i- ; ma-
fruits of avocado
T#*' K
41.51d
patana
e-patana ;
(<Sw) e-
come to an agreement (to -)
50.51
patan-u
ma-patanu ; (<Sw) - ; ma-
agreement
mm
50.5
patasi
-patasi ; =sg (<Sw) zero-, zero- eyi ; eti
chisel
47.29
picha
-picha ; ma-picha (<Sw) zero- ; ma-
picture
IK
58.19
pindi
ki-pindi ; shi-pindi ki- ; shi-
game of a top spinning. (A top is made from a branch of tree. A boy spins a top
pulling the string wound around the top, holding the head of the topwith a finger.
Boys' game.)
51.03s
; ; ;
piwa
-piwa (= chang 'aa )
zero-, zero- eyi ; eti
alcoholic drink made from banana (fermented a long time and distiled)
19.12b
pongo
-pongo ; =sg zero-, zero- eyi ; eti
bushbuck
33.31
pumba
-pumba ;
(<Sw) zero-, zero- eyi ; eti
chaff, husk (generic)

&*& mm
40.24
-pumba ta n'chele ; zero-, zero- eyi ; eti
chaff, husk
40.24b
raa
e-raa e-
1 . wear (to -), 2. scratches (to have -)
1. S3, 2. 3lo&#<*ft5
15.04 10.14b
e-raa kichoni ; e-
graze, injure one's skin (to -) (lit. hurt+skin)
10.14
e-raa kifuri e-
wear inside out (to -)
15.05
raaraa
e -raaraa ; e-
loiter (to -), walk aimlessly (to -), walk without any purpose (to -), roam (to -)
46.34c
racha
e -racha ; e-
slash (to -), cut off (to -), make two slits with a knife under each eye (to -) (A person
without these slits is believed to be thrown into the basin of a waterfall as a sacrifice,
no custom of tatooing.)
ft3 dft&LfcV>. flt&KfetfAftkft, tt^wfcft3i:^5) **** V^tf>3A

ftS>tR&&V\
17.18
e-racha kidingo ; e-
break off a banana (from the bunch with a hook) (to -)
41.41b
e-racha na iroko ; e-
pick fruits with a hooked knife (to -), catch hold (fruits) with a hook (to -)
41.32
raka
ki-raka ; shi-raka (<Sw?) ki- ; shi-
patch
16.16b
rana
ki-rana ; shi-rana ki- ; shi-
chicken, young bird (generic)
l>fcc. &A (>* fc-f. ^x<DSk<r>H}Mi, ^.*)
38.29
randa
i-randa ; ma-randa i- ; ma-
flute to call people (made from a horn of antelope)
51.15
rangita
ki-rangita ; shi-rangita ki- ; shi-
dry season (lit. cultivating season of grains like maize, etc. between July and August.
For reference, banana can be harvested through a year.)
74.25
ranguya
e-ranguya ; e-
cleverer (to be -)
65.05c
rang-wo
e-rangwo ; e-
clever (to be -)
nyanrango seejyaa ko. He is clever .than I. (lit. He is
clever+more than+l.);
65.05b 58.33
raraka
e-raraka ; e-
disperse (to -)
61.87
1
rara-t-a
e-rarata ;
caus. e-
spread (sth) (to -), scatter (to -), spread (of a disease) (to -)
61.34 61.87b, 08.04
re I
ri'-re ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
locust
v^ft"
39.13
re2
i-re ; ma-are i- ; ma-
grass, weed (generic)
40.47
reema
-reema ; zero- elyi
darkness
m
70.09
reeyo
ki-reeyo ; shi-reeyo ki- ; shi-
poison applied to arrows (mixed powder of hornbill, chameleon and snake)

mmZM W?aV* ti/u*>, *&0>*&iHi:Tf5)
23.21b
rema
e-rema ; e-
gnaw sth soft like paper (to -)
22.12b
renge
ki-renge ; shi-renge ki- ; shi-
noise
70.25c
rengea
e-rengea ; e-
feel sleepy (to -)

ISV\ IE < ft -5
44.09
rew'eka
e-rew'eka ; e-
turn to (to -), turn around (to -), turn over (to -)
ft#3 (^-. -) . tt>i. t>o<i?ai5

46.05 61.78
;
rewe-t-a
e-rew'eta ; caus. e-
turn around (to make sth -)
61.79
rewe-t-y-a
e-rew'etya ; caus., appl. e-
face (towards) sth (to make sth -)
61.8
rewe-t-o
e-rew'eto ;
caus., pass.? e-
turn over (to make sb -)
61.83
richo
ki-richo ; shi-richo ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
shade, shadow,
& (Aco, %<*
kiricho-n', in the shade.
70.1
i-ki-richo ; ma-shi-richo i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa

hideous shadow, unwanted shadow
70.10b
rikal
-rika ; ma-rika zero- ; ma-
age-group (generic) (consists of 6 groups called "malkisumu, eura, usengecha,
ulewilewi, ko!nsheli, and minya." The age-group doesn't exist any longer at present.
54.08
rika2
e-rika e-
bury (generic) (to -), bury (a dead person) (to -), hide (a secret) (to -)
31.12
rike
ri'-rike ; mi -rike N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi

sweat, steam
6.3 20.08
riko
ma-riko ;
- ; ma-
funeral
ma-riko-n', at the funeral place

31.13
-rina ; ma-rina zero- ; ma- elyi ; ewa

cp. "hole, 66.05" in TP
name (The first boy is given the name of paternal grandfather and the second boy is
given the name of maternal grandfather.)
5 &### Lv\
marina afie, many names.
29.11
e-wada rina ; e-
important (to be -), famous (to be -) (lit. to have+name)
75.75
-rina ; ma-nna zero- ; ma-

cp. "name, 29.11" in TP
hole (on ground)
ft (iteffitf)-)
66.05 73.19
i-rinda ; ma-rinda i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa

traditional clothes for women (like a skirt)
15.03
ki-ri-n' ; ki- eki

mother's section (place) of a banana house
24.13b
i-rishi ; ma-risha i-

ma-
dislocation
10.13b
e-rita ; e-
drink by force (to make sb -)
22.10h
i-rocho ; ma-rocho j.
ma-
hole (of a tube, pipe)
ft (f-^-y-tf), !=<>, jPEpffifcabTV^-S-)
66.05b
i-rocho lya ] rri'bwo ; ma-rocho a ] rh'bwo i- ; ma-

hole of nose
&<nft
01.16b
roi
u-roi ; u- elu
poison applied to arrows
23.21
roko
i-roko ; ma-roko i- ; ma-
hooked knife (for banana)
41.33
romu
ki-romu ; shi-romu ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
lip
m
1.18
rongo
u-rongo ; ngyuu-rongo u- ; ngyuu- elu ; eti
brain
IS
1.02
rotoroto
u-rotoroto ; ngyuu-rotoroto u- ; ngyuu-
backbone
HMt
5.09
ruka
e-ruka ; stat. e-
open (to be -), regain consciousness (to -), revive (to -), come to oneself (to -)
24.1 12.14
runda
e-runda ; e-
work (to -)
47.01
rund-i-o
ki-rundio ; shi-rundio ki- ; shi-
work, job
47.02 76.02b
ki-rundio kiikyuumu ; shi-rundio shiishuumu ki- ; shi-
difficult work (lit. work which is difficult)

ItLlvri:*
47.56b
ki-rundio kyuumu ; shi-rundio shuumu ki- ; shi-
difficult work
47.56
ki-rundio kilaakyuumu ; shi-rundio ki- ; shi-

shilaashuumu
easy work (lit. work which is not difficult)
47.55
rundu
i-rundu ; ma-rundu l- : ma-
tapeworm
&7ci&
39.47
runguda
e-rungiida ;
stroll, roam about, loiter, walk about, turn (to -)
tt*i-S, *05. Jb&birZ>. 05

4634
rungujya
e-rungiijia ;
appl.?
surround (animals) (to -), go around (to -)
M*>Wts (, ma*) . 03 (~<Bjf )&-)

34.09 46.34b
runguswo
u-runguswo ; ngyuu-runguswo u- ; ngyuu- elu ;eti
1. giddiness, dizziness, 2. game of dizziness (to enjoy the dizziness caused by

spinning), game of boys and girls.
1. J6v\ 2. -A-e*i<7>.fc5K:<3<31l>J, B#@3fc&Ltfifitf. fl^P. 7<75ig
12.04b 51.03q
runguta
e-rungiita ; e-
swing sth around (to -)
61.68
rungut-y-a
e-rungutya ; e-
wind around (to -)
62.17
ruo
e-ruo ;
open (to -)
24.09
e-ruo ] kana ;
open one's mouth (to -)

u*mft%
45.23
ruru
ruru ;
straight
46.04b
ruta
e-ruta ;
revive (to -)
31.08
ruul
u-ruu, nyu-ruu, nyo-ruu ; n'-ruu , ngyoo-ruu, u- ; N'- elu ; eti
ngyuu-ruu
( preferred by old people )
thread, string
&, *
16.01 47.39, 29.08
u-ruu lo ushu ( > u-ruu lo oshu) ; ngyuu-ruu ta u- ; ngyuu-

ushu (> ngyuuruu to oshu)
bowstring
34.11
no sg n'-ruu ; ta kishangu, ngyuu-ruu ta -

; N'-, ngyuu- -
; eti
kishangu
wrinkles (lit. strings of the face)
1.09
ruu2
i-ruu ; ma-ruu i- ; ma-
bunch of bananas (the whole bunch of bananas)
41.40n
i-n-ruu ; ma-n-ruu i-N'- ; ma-N'-

banana leaf
41.40b
ruuka
e-ruuka ; e-
cross (a river) (to -)
z$3 Oil*-) Uil([Sii7t!)

72.33b
ruuko
-ruuko ; ma-ruuko zero- ; ma-
crossing point of a river
/Be L'-'w
72.35
;
ruumo
ri'-ruumo ; mi-ruumo N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
1. sign keeping the tradition, sign indicating that follows the traditional custom, 2.
substitute of tradition/custom, part of the whole traditional thing/matter
oft, e^^tiTi^^tv^^yir-rSo &&i&z<r>^m*mtix^z>. ) . 2. mm/
-to J:êitt*S<&ftfefc*5fctf><z>-g5m5. )
54.6
ruumu
u-ruumu ; ngyuu-ruumu u- ; ngyuu-
belt (cloth) (formed by twisting a cloth)
15.21c
ruuruu
i-ruuruu ; ma-ruuniu i- ; ma-
game of making whizzing sound. A string is threaded through a hole of a wooden chip
about 5 cm, or through a shell of a legume called "iruuruu." (The tree is called
"uruchu.") A boy swishes it to make whizzing sound and enjoys the sound. Boys'
play.
MOhZ'MJF- "uruchu" iZ" iruuruu" tmtfl 3 H^fig -5= Z\<Dm<r>lnt. ofcS(C. >3W25cm
SJfi<o*ffifc?tS:*>ft. -to *0>ffi#o-CS)iai-:WK3<-5HIJ. f^-A,i:
51.03e
ruuya
e-ruuya ; e-
open sth (to -)

APSrfeftS
32.23b
e-ruuya umbe ; e-
open a cattle pen (to -)

^BVÂP&ft3
32.23
ruwal
ruwa zero- ;
- elyi ;
-
God, Creator, sun
60.01 69.02
ruwe-n'
ruwe-n' ; zero-
sky (lit. in the sun)
69.01
ruwa2
-ruwa ; ma-ruwa zero- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
dam (artificial -), pond, deep place in the river, pond
^'a, m. if**. & m&
72.06b 72.06,72.11
;; ;
ruw 1
u-ruw 1 ; ngyuu-ruw i u- ; ngyuu-

young female sheep
32.30h
rwo
e-rwo e-
take off the lid (to -)
e-ki-rwo take it off (to -)
21.21
ryal
ri'-rya ; mi-n'-rya N'- ; mi- etu ; eti
neck, throat
It *
1.3 1.32
rya2
e-rya e-
cook (to - mush; to stir stiff mush to cook uniformly), stir with a stirring rod (to -)
*-)
e-ki-rya cook it (to -)
19.05b 64.08
e-rya ukafi ; e-
cook mush (to -)
19.05
ry-o
e-ryo ;
pass., stat.? e-
mixed (to be -)
64.09
R"
r"aba
e-r'aba e-
jammed (e.g., pipe etc.) (to become -)
26.16
r'ambuo
e-r'ambuo ; e-
tear (to -)
64.14
i-r'ambuo kadu ; ma-r'ambuo kadu i- ; ma-

mantis (lit. one who tear an ear)
39.35
; ;
e-r'ambuo kar'itashi ; e-
tear paper (to -)
64.14b
r'angata
e-r'angata e-
drive (somebody) out (to -), chase (to -), dismiss (to -)
52.21 47.47
r'ar'ii
i-r'ar'ii ; ma-r'ar'ii i- ; ma-

cf. fig. 39.1 & 39.2 in Illustrations
rope skipping (girl's play). (A rope is made of a bine.)
WtXf (&^0>5fitf) ftfig^lfflv^&ttS.
51.03b
r'atuka
e-r'atuka ; e-
torn <for clothes> (to become -)
15.14
r'atu-o
e-r'atuo ; e-
tear (to -)
*<, IK
64.14c
e-r'atuo ] ri'-guo ; e-
tear a cloth (to -)
64.14d
r"eda
e-r'eda e-
itch (to -)
udende loko nluredaa. My foot always itches.;
udende loko nluuredaa. My foot is itching.

12.03
r'e-jyo
e-r'ejyo ; e-
itched (to be -) (pass)
12.03b
r'ede
-r'ede ; zero-, zero- eyi ; eti
game dodge ball. Two children stand apart 4~5m from each other. Another child
like a
stands between the two. Each of the two children throw a ball against the child
between the two, and the child tries to avoid the ball. The ball is made from cloth
wrapped strings, girls' game.
51.03t
; ;
1 80 Kiwoso- English - Japanese
r*efu
u-r'efu (<Sw) u-
length, depth, height
75.13e 75.41b
r'i
ri'-r'i ; mi-n'-r'i N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi

tendon, root of plant
m. m
5.12
ri'-r'i o samu ; mi-n'-r'i ya samu N'- ; mi-

vein (lit. root of blood)
5.11
o udende (>
ri'-r'i n'-r'i o odende ) ; mi-n'-r'i N'- ; mi-
ya madende
tendon of Achilles (lit. muscle+of+ foot)
05.12b
r'icha
ki-r'icha ; shi-r'icha ki- ; shi-
dirt (on the body)
6.32
r'ida
e-r'ida (= ebechwo ) e-
taste for poison in drinks (to -)
22.10e
rie
ki-r'ie ; shi-r'ie ki- ; shi-
room (of a modern square house)
24.13
r'ika
ii-r'ika ; ngyuu-r'ika, nyuu-r'ika u- ; ngyuu-

country, world
55.09 55.13
r'inga
e-r'inga ; e-
guard sb (to -), protect (to -), defend (to -), watch over (to -)
52.23 56.22AA07.12
e-ku-r'inga ;
(ku=reflex) e-ku-
guard oneself (to -)
52.22
; 8
risao
i-r'isao ; ma-r'isao (<Sw?) i- ; ma-
bullet (<Sw?)
34.18
risi
e-r isi ; e-
inherit (to -) (Only boys have a right to inherit. When boys become adult, the
inheritance is divided equally to all boys. Beofre they reach adults, their mother
manages it. The youngest boy inherits father's house and its home site and takes care
of his mother (father's wives.))
31.16
u-r'isl ; ngyuu-r'isl u- ; ngyuu-

inherited things
TOC-f
31.17
r'iw'ika
e-r'iw'ika ; e-
dip (to -), soak (to -)
49.06
r'o
n'-r'o ; mi-n'-r'o, n'-r'o N'- ; mi-

knife (used to chop animal food; about 1 feet long)
1-4 y GfcS<ot?&#Jtp;fc>0>- ; fi$*i y^-hW
47.27d
ki-n'-r'o ; shi-n'-r'o ki-N'-

shi-N'-'
kitchen knife (small " n'-nro"; about 6 inches long) (used by women for cooking)
47.27
r'ombocho
l-r'ombocho ; ma-r'ombocho i- ; ma-
beetle
39.09
r'ufi
e-r'ufi ; =sg (<Sw) e-
character, letter
erufi tifie, many characters.

58.12
r'ufuka
e-r'ufuka ; e-
crawl (for a snake/bine/vine/baby to -)
a5 (tea*, #, m/otffc)
35.05 45.18
r'ufuta
e-r'ufuta ; e-
draw (to -)
61.61
r'uko-n'
-r'uko-n' ; ma-r'uko-n' zero- ; ma-
kitchen, cooking place

Spit
24.12
r'umba
e-r'umba ; e-
shut eyes (to -), close eyes (to -)
6.04 45.25
e-r'umba miso ; e-
shut one's eyes (to -)
45.25b
r'umb-i-a
e-r'umb-i-a ; e-
cf. "e-rumba (to shut eyes) 06.04"

become -), invisible (to become - due to rain,
blind (to fog, or darkness)
B#Jl;Lfc<fc5, fc#jl.;fc*<fc3 OR, ft^Pifl^T-)
13.05
r'umb-wo
e-r'umb-wo ; anto. e-
open (to -)
rmz> (sr-)
45.24b
e-r'umbwo miso ; anto. e-
open one's eyes (to -)
45.24
r'umbuka
e-r'umbuka ; e-
fly (to -), fly up (to -), glide (to -), flap the wings (to -)
Jits. mriiL-o. afc<, jts-ts
38.35 38.36, 38.37
r'ung'una
e-r'ung'una ; e-
growl (to -), snarl (to -), roar (for lions, etc.) (to -), snore (to -)
32.06 32.05c, 44.08
r'uw'io
ki-r'uw'io ; shl-r'uw'io ki- ; shi-
entrance of water from a river into each irrigation stream
72.01e
ki-saa ; shi-saa ki- ; shi-
cf. "-simbai (inside-bottom), 66.10"

anus, buttock, dent of a outside bottom
kisaa kya chuba, dent of a bottle's outside bottom.;

2.2 2.19
e-saa ;
(<Sw?) e-
cp. "grind (43.27)" in TP

remain (to -)
mz (A/*#-)
46.23 59.4
e-saa ; e-
cp. "remain (59.40)" in TP

grind (to make millet flour) (to -) (not done by people nowadays, because of
introduction of mill machine
43.27b 43.31
e-saa mbatu ; e-
grind tobacco leaves using a piece of broken pot to produce sniff "mbatu" (to -)
'M^cO^'O^THtt''M^"mbatu"o< -5
43.27e
-saa ; ma-saa (<Sw) zero- ; ma-

hour
saa isadu (ta) utiko, 9 o'clock in the morning (saa+i>see+e),;
saa isadu (ta) kio, 9 o'clock in the evening.

74.28
ma-saa adadu ; (<Sw) zero- / ma-

three hours
74.28b
saa tisa ; (<Sw) zero-

three o'clock
74.29
saa iinga? (saa+i>see+e), nsaa iinga?

saa iinga? (saa+i > see+e) / nsaa iinga? ;
(<Sw) zero-
what time?
Mm?
7431
saanga
saanga ;
stripe
68.14b
saanu
-saanu ; zero-
five
E
59.05
saao
ma-saao ; - ; ma- - ; ewa
hail (lit. rain+hail) (it rarely hails.)
69.14b
saara
e-saara ; e-
save (to -)
59.41
sabiini
-sabiini ;
(<Sw) zero-
seventy
-t+
59.26
sabuni
-sabuni ;
= sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
soap
15.16
sacha
n'-sacha ; wa-sacha N'- ; wa-
elder brother (used by younger sisters)
5LZh ! !#)
27.38
n'-sacha a mai ; wa-sacha wa mai N'- ; wa-

uncle (mother's elder/younger brother) (lit. brother+of+mother)
&U (S0>JiL&)
27.44b
sadul
n'-sadu ; zero-
three
59.03
sadu2
-sadu ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
python
;<4 y> (1 IV 4 - !><>*)
35.08
sakira
e-sakira ;
scold (to -)
50.41
sakir-o
e-sakiro ;
scolded (to be -)
50.41b
sakya
e-sakya ;
quarrel (to -)
52.05c
sala
-sala ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
impala
33.34
sale
u-sale ; ngyuu-sale u- ; ngyuu-

mamba (green -)
35.06
saluo
e-saluo ;
put into disorder (to -)
6135
saluo-saluo
e-saluo-saluo ;
put into disorder terribly (to -)
61.35b
sama
e-sama ;
move one's residence (to -), move (to -) (It is very rare to move.)
24.41
samia
e-samia ;
appl.
move to (to -)
f-f"3 (~^)
24.41b
; ;
samaki
-samakl ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
fish (not found in any river, no custom to catch fishes)
37.01
samba
e-samba ; e-
wash (hands, pots, bottles, etc.) (to -), bathe (oneself) (to -)
17.01b 17.1
e-samba mbii ; e-
wash one's body (to -)
17.11
samb-i-a
e-sambia ;
appl.? e-
wash (clothes/dishes, generic) (to -), wash one's lower part of body after evacuation (to
-)
15.15 17.13,21.26,26.01
e-sambia kishangu ; e-
wash (one's face) (to -)
17.01
e-sambia na muda mwili ; e-
rinse (with clean water) (to -)

1-1- <\ *1-<- (1-1-v^*Sfc1X#*iV'*7ja?8fe5)
15.17
sambuka
e-sambiika ; e-
get off (bus), go down (to -) (generic), warm (for cold food to become - by fire)
46.11
sambu-t-a (= sarambuta)
e-sambiita (= e-sarambiita )
caus. e-
warm (sth) (to -), put sth down (to -) (caus)

#>, T51" (#%-)
e-ki-sambuta warm it (something) (to -), put it down
(to-)
20.19 61.56
sambura (= sambuo)
e-sambura ( = e-sambuo ) e-
choose (to -), select (to -)
likou ngilesambura eki kuwuka u Yesterday chose I this among them.;

65.03
; ;
sambur-o
e-samburo ;
pass. e-
selected (to be -), choosen (to be -)
65.03c
sambwol
e-sambwo e-
cp. "ready for harvesting" and "select" in TP

harvest (to -)
43.17
sambwo2
e-sambwo ; e-
cp. "harvest" and "select" in TP

ready for harvesting (to be -)
43.17b
sambwo3
e-sambwo ( = e-sambura ) e-
cp. "harvest (43.17)" and "ready for harvesing (43.17)" in TP

select (to -), choose (to -)
65.03b
samu
-samu ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
Once, there was a custom to drink blood of cattle.

blood (It is said that once there was a custom to drink blood.), red colour (lit. colour
of blood)
Jfll (aoTtt^JJJl&ifeif1ltos*>ofc) , *fe
5.1 68.04c
sana
e-sana ; e-
gather (firewood) (to -)
48.18b
e-sana ] ngwi ; e-
gather firewood (to -)
48.18
sanda
e-sanda ; e-
mix (to -), stir (to -)
49.19
e-ku-sanda (ku=reflex) e-ku-

mixed (to become -)
49.2
sand-i-a
e-sandia ; appl. e-
mix sth into (to -), put together swh (to -) (no meaning of "to fold")
3839b 49.19b
e-sandia makongo ; e-
close wings (to -) (lit. to mix wings with a body)
38.39
sandauta
e-sandauta ; e-
abandon (to -), give up (to -) (generic)
61.57
sanga
ri'-sanga ; N'- ;
- etu ;
-
sand
0>
ri'sanga n'chafu, dirty sands;

73.06
ri'-sanga afie ; N'- ;

- etu (cl. 3)
dirty sands
73.06b
sangu
i-sangu ; ma-sangu i- ; ma-
spider
39.29
saniini
u-saniini ; u- elu
daytime (against night), afternoon, noon
g (ftW-t--5-) . IE*F
usaniini elu, this afternoon.;
74.04 74.O6
sanika
e-sanika ; e-
disintegrated (to become -)
64.18b
sanika-sanika
e-sanika-sanika ; e-
broken into pieces (to become -)
64.18
; ;
sanya
e-sanya ;
collect together (vi) (to -)
54.54b
sao
i-sao ; ma-sao 1- ; ma-
dried leaves of plants (banana leaves, maize leaves, sheath of corn, etc.)
40.26b
sara
e-sara ; e-
think (to -)
-S5
58.2
e-ku-sara ;
(ku=reflex) e-
consider (to -) (lit. think+oneself)

#x.5
58.21
sarambuka
e-sarambuka ;
(=sambuta) e-
get down (to -), get off (bus), go down (to -) (generic)
&<qz> (/<*/ r.m/mm/^m^ >-)
46.61 46.11b
sarambuta (= sambuta)
e-sarambuta ( = e-sambuta) caus. e-
put down sth (to -), vt
61.56b
sare
-sare ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti

mark on face. (A person without these slits is believed to be thrown into the basin of a
waterfall as a sacrifice, no custom of tatooing.).
17.18b
sana
e-sana e-
forgive (to -), allow (to -)
=+
ngisaria. Forgive me.;
50.65
sasa
-sasa ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
porcupine
33.46
sasadu
-sasadu ; zero-
six
A
59.06
sasil
u-sasi ; ngyuu-sasi u- ; ngyuu-
broom, indoor broom, outdoor broom
26.03
sasi2
n'-s; N'- ; wa-
parent
27.15
u-sasi / u-sasi ; u-
parenthood
27.15b
sasi3
i-sasi ; ma-sasi i- ; ma-
nest
38.45
sau
sau ;
completely
7G4kiz.m*t
70.23e
sau-n'
ki-saii-n' ; ki- eki
section/place for keeping goods such as pots, calabashes, etc. (of mother's house)
(banana house)
'<1~}-'^x<d<P<d*/\,*. -tfy h^g^Tfc<i/?r (lu. #<o + <A#l!ir <*>#)
24.l3g
sawa
-sawa ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
flea
39.2
sawoye
-sawoye ; wa-sawoye N'- ; wa- etu ; ewa
grandfather, uncle (mother's elder/younger brother)
27.16 27.44c
9
sawi
n -saw i ; wa-saw i N'- ; wa-
witch, witch doctor, medicine man
60.12 14.17
u-sawT ; ngyuu-sawT u- ; ngyuu- eyi ; eti
witchcraft
60.13
seka
e-seka ;
laugh (to -), smile (to -), "laugh" (for hyena to -)
57.04 32.05e
sek-o
-seko ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
laughter
seko tifie, mcuh laughter.
57.05
selasini
-selasini ; zero-
thirty
59.22
seleta
e-seleta ;
repeat the same thing and annoy sb (to -)
51.3
semanini
-semanim ;
(<Sw) zero-
eighty
A+
59.27
semba
e-semba ;
sexual intercourse (for human beings to have -)
14-f3 (Atf*-)
57.42b
e-ku-semba ;
("ku" indicating two people)

sexual intercourse (for human beings to have -)
tt1"3 (HA**-)
57.42 32.09
;
sembea
e-sembea ; e-
move (vi) (to -), approach (to -)

<, *3
45.51 46.24
sembe-r-a
e-sembera ; e-
push (to -), push (sth) away (to -), move (sth) (to -) (vt)
61.62 61.31,61.67
e-sembera kufuui ; e-
make sth approach (to -), put sth near sth (to -)
61.3
e-sembera kwacha ; e-
push (sth) away (to -)
6131b
sembo
u-sembo u- ;
- elu ;
-
stupidity
mm
9.06
semenu
n'-semenu ; mi-semenu (<Sw) N'- ; mi-
saw
<DC<0
47.31
sena
-sena ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
white clayish soil to be plastered on the wall of a round house
73.11
senge
n'-senge ; mi-senge N'- ; mi-
walking-stick,
fet
18.08
sengu
i-sengu ; ma-sengu i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
malaria
?7!JT
isengu ] lyi-wicho, bad malaria.;
8.1
seo
l-seo ; ma-seo 1- ; ma-
stone grinder (including both the lower stone and the upper stone)
43.32
sesa
e-sesa ; e-
hole through a wood (to make a -)
47.32b
sese
-sese ; zero- ; zero- eyo ; eti
spark
sese titie, many spraks.

48.02
sesewe
n'-sesewe ; mi-sesewe N'- ; mi-
tree to make mortar for pounding (soft tree)
Blt5* (IE >***)
43.29b
si
ki-si ; shi-si ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi

waist
m<mm>
2.16
ki-si kya n'ji ; shi-si sha miji ki- ; shi-
tree-trunk (lit. waist of tree)
41.01
sidi
i-sidi ; ma-sidi i- ; ma-

pumpkin
4031
sie
ki-sie ; shi-sie ki- ; shi-

rainy season (season of long and constant rain between April and the end of June),
continuous rain
mm (mm;m^m^tsctm<. A<m<mm, 4^-6^*) . *s
74.26 69.16
311S1
-siisi ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
hump
^
32.16
(tr^-)
sika
e-sika ; e-
1. shake (sth) (to -), 2. say a course (to -)
1. mhir. 2. V^H*n<
49.08 60.15c
e-sika malela ; e-
make butter (to -) (lit. to shake milk)

/<*-o<3 (lit. mb-f+^'Vt)
32.18d
e-ku-slka ; (ku=reflex) e-ku-

shake one time (to -), hang oneself (to -)
49.08b
sika-sika
e-ku-sika-sika ;
(ku=reflex) e-ku-
sway oneself many times (to -) (vi)
49.08c
sike-n'
-sike-n' ; zero- eyi
section/place of a house for boys (of mother's house) (banana house)
24.13d
sikiti
ri'-sikifi ; mi-sikifi (<Sw) N'- ; mi-

mosque
60.06
siko
n'-siko ; mi-siko (<Sw) N'- ; mi-
load, luggage
61.28
sile
-sile ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
debt
sile tifie, much debt.

53.29
simba
-simba ;
lion (no exist in this area)
33.07
sindal
e-sinda ;
e-
cp. "e-sinda (to compress), 61.63" in TP

spend daytime (to -)
44.14
e-sinda duu ; e-
fast (to -)
60.07
sinda2
e-sinda ; e-
cp. "e-sinda (to spend daytime), 44.14" in TP

press sth to make it smaller (to -), compress (to -), compact (to -), put in with force (to
-)
61.63 75.10c, 61.75
sindanul
-sindanu ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cp. "needle" in TP
mosquito (very small -) (The body length is 2 ~ 3mm. They fly in the daytime only.)
tt (B*;/5:frJfttflHl5 2~3 5 ]) /hSfctt)
39.18b
sindanu2
-sindanu ; =sg (<Sw?) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cp. "mosquito (small -)" in TP

needle (to sew cloth)
16.03
sinde
sinde ;
south (originated from "sinda (bottom, under)" because the south is lower land in this
area of Mt. Kilimanjaro.)
it ("sinda (bottom, under)" ti*b jjft ^.<D^Jjt:itMt%\^^- 'J -r>' v\k<DT<D-fj$>\Km.
69 39
singal
e-singa ; e-
cover with the lid (to -), shut (to -)
21.2
singa2
e-singa ; e-
rub (to -), clean with brush (to -)
63.13 17.02b
e-singa mayoo ; e-
brush one's teeth (to -)
17.02
e-singa m'bii ; e-
rub oneself (wash one's body) (to -)
1-3(S#&)
17.12
singa3
i-singa ; ma-singa i- ; ma-
slave
54.51
sing'ir'ia
e-sing'ir'ia ; e-
press sth to fix it (to -), squeeze (to -)
61.64 63.25
sinr'ya
e-sinr'ya ; e-
latch (to -)
24.07CC
ri'-sinr'ya ; ml-sinr'ya N'- ; mi-

locking pole (Kiwoso origin)
24.07c
sinya
e-sinya ; e-
give a sign (to -), wink (at a women) (to -)
B1"3, ^>^1~3 (MfefcftLT-)

45.32 06.04b
sine
n'-sirie ; mi-sirie N'- ; mi-
pen, cage (for animal/bird)
32.22b
n'-sirie o umbe ; mi-sirie o umbe N'- ; mi-

cattle pen
32.22
sirya
e-sirya ; e-
press (to -) (generic)
14.03b
e-sirya na minyi ;
press tenderly with fingers (to -)
w-t ore)
14.03
sisia
e-sisia ;
thin (to be -), slender (to be -)
75.52 75.58b
#NAME?
ri'-ndu n'-siise ; wa-ndu wa-siise N'- ; wa-
thin person, slender person
75.51
u-r'uu lu-silse ; ngyuu-r'uu ngi-siise / u- ; ngyuu-

ngyuu-r'uu tiingi-siise
thin thread
75.55
kar'itasi iingi-siise ; kar'itasi tiingi-siise zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
thin paper
75.58
sisi-r-a
e-sisifa ;
sharpen (to make -), reduce the girth (to -)
63.17
sisi-r-o
e-sisiro ;
pass.
sharpened (to be -)
63.18b
sitini
-sitini ;
(<Sw) zero-
sixty
7-N +
59.25
sito
u-sito ; ngyuu-sito u- ; ngyuu- eyi ; eti
weight, heaviness
75.19
dw'ika
e-siw'ika ;
bake in ashes (to -)
20.1
SO]
ri-so ; mi-so (< ma-iso? ) n- ; ma- elyi ; ewa

eye
S
riso ] lyicha, good eye.
l.l
ki-ri-so ; shi-ri-so ki-ri- ; shi-ri-
bad eye (lit. small eye)

PfcSfcB (lit./h^S)
01.10b
so2
n'-so ; mi-so N'- : mi- etu ; eyi
flour (any type; maize, wheat, etc.)
$ (t5%5^Lc no, mo. /h*co-)
40.27
so3
-so ;
edible tuber of cocoyam

Europian Cocoyam O'kmW'ftO'i&l
40.35f
soka
e-soka ;
bleed (to -), rob (to -)
10.03 53.38
soko
-soko ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
bean (a kind of-) (The colour is whitish and the diameter is about 1 cm.)
4034b
soma
e-soma ;
(<Sw)
read (to -), study (to -)
58.08
som-io, som-yo
ki-somio / ki-somyo ; shi-somio / shi-somyo (<Sw) ki- ; shi-
education
mm
54.46c
som-io-n
ki-somio-n' ; shi-somio-n' (<Sw) ki- ; shi-
school (generic)
54.46
somuka
e-somuka ;
come from (to -), get out (to -)
46.09
somuta
e-somuta ;
caus.?
see sb off (to -)
Hit 3
46.47
songe
n'-songe ; mi-songe N 1
- ; mi- etu ; eyi
triangular (?)
H^Jf (?)
24.17e
songo
ki-songo ; shi-songo ki- ; shi-
ankle
4.08
songoro
-songoro (= -ngina ) ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
upper stone to grind tobacco leaves (to -) (small and hard stone) (Tabacco leaves are
put on a piece of a broken pot called "u-yoo.")
43.27f
songwo
e-songwo ; e-
go before sb (to -)
Sfcfcfr<
46.03
soo
ki-soo ; shi-soo ki- ; shi-
ringworm, favus
Lh< t. a*
08.15f
sooro
-sooro ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
cf. fig. 3a in Illustrations
stopper made of dried leaf of banana stem.
21.05b
sora
n'-sora ; mi-sora N'- ; mi-

1. termite, 2. Whiteman, Englishman, European
1. 6fci?, 2. 6A. $SA
39.32 54.09
soro
n -soro ; wa-soro N'- ; wa-
1. son, 2. full grown, unmarried man
1. J.^. 2. #
27.31 30.06
ri'-soro ] muni ; wa-soro ] weeni N'- ; wa-

son himself
79.07h
ri'-soro etu ; wa-soro ewa N'- ; wa-

this son
79.09
ri'-soro ] eto ; wa-soro ewo N'- ; wa-

that son
79.1
ri'-soro ] lilya ; wa-soro ] walya N'- ; wa-

that son over there
79.11
ri'-soro ulya-ulya ; wa-soro walya-walya N'- : wa-

same son
75.76d
sowya
ki-sow'ya ; shi-sow'ya ki- ; shi-
sweet potato
40.36
su
-m'su ; zero-
one
59.01
subu
-subu ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
broth, side dish of mush (generic)
subu ] ngicha, good broth

19.13
sukal
e-suka ; e-
cp. "knit (16.10)" intone

1. untasty (to be -), bad (to be - tasting) (lit. tasteless (to -be)), 2. shameful/shy (to
feel -)
1 . &-fV\ Rfc#&V\ 2. fftbS
23.02 57.33
;;
suka2
e-suka ;
e-
plait (a mat) (to -), interlace (to -)

Ht? (3S&-) . ffit? (fflgfc:JItt>&tri&-)
25.11 24.17c
e-suka mbii ; e-
braid the hair (to -), plait the hair (to -)
17.05
e-suka ] shidi ; e-
interlace sticks (of the wall) (to -)
24.17d
sukari
-siikari ;
sugar
19.18b
ki-sukari ; shi-sukari (<Sw) ki- ; shi-
one type of banana (sweet and eaten as fruit. 8 ~ 10cm long, 3 cm in diameter.) (lit.
sugar) (introduced)
41.40p
suko
e-suko e-
mad, crazy, insane (to become -)
ny-a-sukoo. he becomes mad.;

ny-a-suko. He became mad (past on taday). (the
difference appears the length of verbs)
9.02
h'-suko ; wa-suko N'- ; wa-

mad person, crazy person
SEA
9.03
u-suko u- ; - . elu ;
-
madness, craziness
9.01
sukul
ki-suku ; shi-suku ki- ; shi-
outcast due to physical handicaps (It is said that twins, androgynes, blind persons or
albinos, etc. were killed immediately after their birth before Christianity was
introduced.)
##*#oT*ftfcfc<0!&J5i]IS; (5RE. ffitt^W. < fi^g(0##|MFS:#oT
titz.fe&iz.&tix^1tbno. )
30.01b
;
suku2
-suku ;
day
0, -H
74.56
suku (e)ti (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
nowadays
74.56
suku iinya tiichaa ;

four days after (lit. days+four+which will come)
74.47
suku iinya tilesia ;

four days ago (lit. days+four+which passed)

ERftr
74.46
sukuma
e-sukuma ;
(<Sw)
push (to -)
iff
61.62b
sulya
i-sulya ; ma-sulya l- ; ma-
blanket
25.04
suma
e-suma ;
dig out (e.g., potatoes) (to -), disinter (to -)

Woltt (iffeTt/^cb <>)
43.34 73.25
e-suma ] rina ;
dig a hole in the ground (to -)
73.2
sumanal
e-sumana ;
border on (to -), share a border (to -)
#f
55.12
sumana2
e-sumana ;
flat (for uneven land/field to be -)
63.10b
sumana3
e-sumana ; e-
opposite to (to be -)
isumane na posta. It is the opposite to the post office.;

67.15b
sumba
i-sumba ; ma-sumba i- ; ma-
rich person (recent word)
&*#*>& A
75.64b
sumu
-sumu ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
tale
50.77
sumya
e-sumia ; e-
erect (sth) (to -), stand (sth) (to -)
61.4
sungu
n'-sungu ; wa-sungu (<Sw) N'- ; wa-
Whiteman, Englishman, European
SA, 3BA
54.09b
sungusia
e-sungusia ; e-
repair (to -), mend (for house, clothes, etc.) (to -)
47.09
sungusi-o
e-sungusio ; pass., stat. e-
repaired (to be - by sb, to become -; pass, /stat)

as
47.1
sungu-sungu
ki-sungu-sungu ; ki- ; shi-
giddiness, dizziness
12.04
sung'ania, sung'anya
e-sung'anya / e-sung'ania ;
e-
1 . gather up (to -) (generic), collect (to -), assemble (to -) (vt), pack (to -), 2. heap up
weeds (to -)
i. *#>3 (-wmto , igfeiit?. fflfii-s. 2. atmsraw^ws
e-sung'anya ] mbosha gather up rubbish (with a broom) (to -)
e-sung'anya ] shindo pack things (to -)
26.04 61.69, 65.01, 43.07, 54.55, 24.42

e-sung'anya ] wandu ; e-
assemble people (to -) (vt.)

*J63 (A*:-)
54.55b
suruma
e-suruma ; e-
hide (sth) (to -) (vt), store (to -)
e-ki-suruma hide it (to -) (vt)
61.39 61.38,45.50
e-suruma kiricho-n' ; e-
shelter from the sun (to -) (lit. hide sth from the sun)
Bfrbi&ftZ MMWMr-)
kiricho-n', in the shade;
69.33b
e-ku-suruma ;
(ku=reflex) e-ku-
hide (oneself) (to -) (vi)
MtftS
45.50b
sur'uwaale
-sur'uwaale ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
trousers (long -)
X*>
15.2
susio
ki-susio ; shi-susio ki- ; shi-
broth with fresh blood

rfaig-t?/ctf\ SiJ&
19.13b
suwal
e-suwa ;
scrape (an itchy spot) (to -)
14.04
suwa2
-suwa ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
sheep (adult male -)
32.30a
-suwa iing'itane ; -siiwa tiing'itane zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
castrated male sheep
32.30d
suwana
-suwana ;
female young goat
32.29b
;;
swo
e-swo e-
1. angry (to get -), 2. dislike (to -)

1. S-5. 2. m^
57.25 57.13
sya
e-sya ; e-
exhausted (to become -) (e.g., food, etc.), worn out (for clothes to become -), finish (to
-), come to an end (to -) (vi)
59 39 15.13,76.03
n'-sya ; mi-sya N'- ; mi- etu ; eyi
anxiety
58.29c
Sh
shal
u-sha u- ;
- elu ;
-
pus
5^ (18)
10.1
sha2
e-sha ; e-
1. burn (vi) (to -), catch fire (to -), burnt (to be -), 2. cooked (to become well -), boiled
up (to -), ready for (the food) (to become -), hot (to be become -), 3. get a burn (to -)
i. &*.*, *#o<, 2. -?#_l#5 mmfc-) . &*. ut^***-) , <. v> u

fl,91fi-) . 3. Wif1-3
48.1 48.08, 20.04, 20.12, 75.24, 1 1.09
malela aa-shaa ; - ; ma- - ; ewa

hot milk
75.26
shaa
e-shaa ; e-
bear (for animals) (to -), give birth to (to -)
Sits (%<*>*)
29.04b
haama
e-shaama ; e-
board (a bus) (to -), go (on bus) (to -), climb (to -), go up (to -) (generic)
46.10b
e-shaama na ] muda ; e-
upstream (to go -) (lit. to go up+water)
72.16b
shaara
n' -shaara ; mi-shaara (<Sw) N'- : mi-
wages, salary
53.35b
shaka
ma-shaka ; (<Sw?) - ; ma- ; ewa
doubt
58.27
shami
i-shaml ; ma-sharrii l- ; ma-
sickle, harvesting knife (about 10 inches long).
43.18
shamita
e-shamita ;
load (to -), take sth up (to -), raise (to -)
61.55
shangasi
-shangasi ;
sg zero- ; zero- etu ; ewa
aunt (father's sister)
*stf (ôtttt)
27.45
shangu
ki-shangu ; shi-shangu ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
face, forehead, front, in front of, face
M, ^@. mL ftrfc
1.07 01.08,67.01
shao
e-shao ;
born (for animal) (to be -)
tL3 (#-)
29.05b
sharia
-sharia ;
law
m
55.02
she
n'-she ; mi-she N'- : mi- eyi ; eti

necklace made of chain (kiwoso origin).
18.02
sheeru
sheeru ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
squint eye
01.10c
shil
n'-shi ; mi-shi N'- ; mi-
prop
61.43b
shi2
ki-shi ; shi-shi ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
weapon (generic)
ft*
56.24
shial
e-shia ; e-
look for (to -), seek (to -), heat season (for cattle to be -)
7.07
shia2
i-shia ; ma-shia i- ; ma-
cooking-stone (one bigger stone is put to south-direction, two smaller stones are put
to north-direction.)
20.16
shiika
e-shiika ; e-
support (to -)
tLS
61.43
shiiri
i-shiiri ; ma-shiiri i- ; ma-

part near the root of banana
41.40i
shikya
e -shikya ; e-
cover (to -), fill a hole (to -), bury (to -)

ft** (ffla-) . *tf* (^**if*:#*fr-) . ftilto*.
61.7 25.05, 73.24
e-ku-shikya ; (ku=reflex) e-ku

cover oneself (with something) (to -) (lit. to-reflex-cover)
ft*. jWt* (*ftif*#Wc-)
25.05b
shik-wo
e-shikwo ;
anto. e-
uncover (to -)
61.71
shimari
n'-shimari ; mi-shimari (<Sw) N'- ; mi-
nail
47.23
shimba
e-shimba ; e-
1. fat (to be -) (for human beings), thick (to be -), cloudy (to be -), 2. swell (to -),
swell <after being bitten by an insect> (to -), 3. stiffened (to be -), coagulate (to -),
firm/hard <of birdlime> (to become -)
1. 3 (Art) .*^ (*;&*) oTV>5. . 2. &bt*. :*lS<K:jW*iTX 3.

**, mm-tz. h<45 (*>*>*>#-)
ruwa lyishimbie. It is cloudy, (lit. the sun is groomy.)
75.54 75.56b, 69.11b, 63.19, 1 1 .05, 49.24, 38.15
ri'-ndu n'-shimbi ; wa-ndu wa-shimbi N'- ; wa-

fat person
75.53
u-r'uu lu-shimbi ; ngyuu-r'uu n'gi-shimbi u- ; ngyuu-

thick thread
75.56
kar'itasi ingishimbi
-kar'itasi ] ingi-shimbi ; -kar'itasi ] zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
tiingi-shimbi
thick paper
75.57
shimbai
shimbai ; =sg zero-
cf. "ki-saa (outside bottom), 02.20"

1. bottom, inside bottom, floor, ground, 2. down, under, below
1. fi- JfS^cofiffliJcDfi. * T, Tic

2.
shimbai ya chuba, inside bottom of a bottle.;
shimbai ya mesa, under the table;
shimbai kuumu, hard floor;
66.1 67.06, 24.24
shinga
-shinga ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
end (of a thing/road)
66.02
shingia
e-shingia ; e-
1. obstruct (to -), obstruct the sight (to -), disturb (to -), 2. close (to ), lock (to -)
47.04 07.05, 24.07
e-shingia J chia ; e-
disturb (to -), obstruct (to -) (lit. to close/block+road)
45.46
e-shingia ] limbe ; e-
close a cattle pen (to -)
32.24
shirini
i-shiririi ; (<Sw) i-
twenty
=.+
59.2
i-shirini na imwi ; (<Sw) i-
twenty one
-+-
59.21
shir'i
n'-shir*i ; mi-shirT N'- ; mi-

soot
i-i-
48.05
shoka
e-shoka ; e-
1. go (for water) (to -), flow (to -) (lit. go to the south), 2. climb down (from a
mountain/cliff) (to -)
1. mtiZ (*#) . 2. Ti9 5 (ih/Mfrb-)

1232 46.13
e-shoka na J miida ; e-
go downstream (to -) (lit. to go down+water)
72.18 46.13
;hona
e-shona ; (<Sw) e-
sew (to -)
e-i-shona sew them (mats) (to -)
16.09b
hoodi
n'-shoodi ; mi-shoodi N'- ; mi-
flexible tree used for a bird trap
Kr<D;bfcf;:tt5 L&5*
34.25

shu
u-shu ; ngyuu-sha u- ; ngyuu-
bow
34.1
shuku
i-shuku ; ma-shuku l- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
small pox
8.14
shuule
-shuule ;
= sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
school
^&
54.46b
taa
e-taa ;
return (money/thing) (to -), pay (to -)

jg-T (*, Ar) - HtLo
53.27c 53.21
e-taa kodi ;
pay tribute (to -)
jf<-
55.04
e-taa n'-shaara ;
pay wages (to -)
53.35
taanr'i
n'-taanr'i ; mi-taanr'i N'- : mi-

calf of the leg
4.06
taar'i
-taar'i ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
direction to (swh)
#|Bj ( -(D)
taari ya koshinde, to the south,;

taari ya kowuye, to the north.;
66.07b
-taar'i ingi ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
the other side

ft c 5 W
taari eyi, this side.;
67.15
1
tabu
ki-tabu ; shi-tabu (<Sw) ki- ; shi-
book
58.09
takura
e-takiira ; e-
scratch (to drop mud, etc.) (to -), scrape food from a pot (to -)
32.02 20.26
tala
-tala ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
brownish clay to be plastered on the wall of a round house
73.08
tala ya ] niingu ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
clay for pottery
47 35
taloolo
ki-taloolo ; shi-taloolo ki- ; shi-
banana dish called "kitaloolo." one type pf banana soup. A banana called "ilyali" and
greens are cut into pieces. This is mixed with boiled beans called "soko", grains of
maize, salt, and a little oil, and boiled with water. After boiling, it is stirred well to
make paste. Then it is diluted with water and futhermore mixed with sour milk.
'<1-rx-7C>X>bo. "ilalyi"i Wig *f /h<^>9. bbC'soko" bW&Mtca.icMb'>
^sftitLti5. nmfr>^tcb&<frz &nx<<-KhmzLx, ^bic^r-m^xmw-^ :
19.131 19.21,41.40
tambaa
ki-tambaa ; shi-tambaa (<Sw) ki- ; shi-
cloth
16.06
:ambisa
e-tambisa ; e-
entangle (to -)
63.21
e-ku-tambisa ; (ku=reflex) e-ku-

tangled (to get -)
63.2
amuo
e-tamuo ; e-
take off a pot from the fire (to -)
20.18
tana
e-tana ;
build (to -), castrate (to -), make (to -)

Mrs. *1". 3
24.02 32.14
e-tana ;
make (a pot) (to -)
47.08b
e-tana ilalo ;
build a bridge (to -)
72.36
e-tana lyingi ;
reconstruct (after a disaster) (to -) (lit. to build+again)
55.15
e-tana nungu ;
mold pottery (to -)
47.34
tangalyima
i-tangalyima ; ma-tangalyima l- ; ma-
butterfly, bat
It. C9^<9
39.11 335
tao
tao ; sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
female young cattle that has not borne a calf
32.12b
tara
ki-tara ; shi-tara ki- ; shi-
1. bed, 2. bridge
1. Ky F, 2. m
25.01 72.34
taraasa
ki-taraasa ; shi-taraasa ki- ; shi-
one type of cooking bananas (mainly for "ki-taloolo"). (The appearnce is similar to
"ilalyi", but the colour of flesh is rather redish.)
41.40w
tarawia
taraw la ;
sg zero- ; zero- etu ; ewa
beggar (going from door to door)
54.52
;
taree
taree ;
date
taree ikumi na iinya mwiri o ikumi, Oct 1 4 (<Sw)

74.39
tarwo
e-tarwo e-
draw (a picture/line) (to -)
68.2
tawa
ki-tawa ; shi-tawa ki- ; shi-
banana dish called "ki-tawa." a paste of beans and banana. A banana called "n'chaare"
is added a little to a banana "ndishi" or "ilalyi." This is mashed and boiled together
with boiled beans "soko", salt, a little oil and soda "m'bala are added, and the pot is
covered with a lid of banana leaf. Finally it becomes hard paste, and is eaten with a
spoon.
5 '<i-i-&1mz_X%:-ti&i&L. MXfoZ V =i("soko")t^ 5 fi^SP^T, iH&

"n'chaare" i:V>
t>MX. ^-r-rnMr-MZLtcmX-MZ, ifii:y-*""("m'bala"). ^4)?A:JP^.Ti*#tti-5.
19.13d
tawala
u-tawala ; ngyuu-tawala u- ; ngyuu-
public road
46.66
tawana
e-tawana ; e-
play (to -), play a game (to -)
51.01 51.02
tawanu
ki-tawanu ; shi-tawanu ki- ; shi-
game, play
51.03
taw'i
i-tawl ; ma-taw 1 i- ; ma -
1, branch (of a tree), 2. Phoenix reclinata (a kind of wild palm in the Kilimanjaro
forest) (a basket is knittedby leaves of this tree), branch (of a tree)
m
41.12 61.26c
tayarisha
e-ku-tayarisha ; (<Sw) e-
prepare (to -) (no generic word in this language. Various words are used in this
meaning depending on the object. For example, "ekoara" (to cook) is used in the
meaning "to prepare food", and "ekora muda" (to boil water) is used in the meaning
"to prepare hot water".)
"ekora (to cook)"fflV\ tjQWi&mMirZ} Tfi"ekora muda (to boil water)"ffll^3 )
47.48
te
ki-te ; shi-te ki- ; shi-

dog (one of the prohibited food to eat)
* (^3fcaqSStt&ftTi^#'tf>--o)
32.04 22.24b
ki-te kyakya ( < kite ki-akya) ; shi-te shasha ki- ; shi-

(< shite shiasha)
same dog
mv (*)
kindo eki kianane na kya. This thing is the same as that.;
75.76c
ki-te kikali ; shi-te shikali (<Sw) ki- ; shi-

fierce dog, daring dog
75.47 75.69b
teko
n'-teko ; mi-teko N'- ; mi-
trap
34.24
tenge
i-tenge / i-nanga ; ma-tenge / ma-nanga i- ; ma-
kick (N)
52.16b
tengo
-tengo ; ma-tengo N'- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
house (house of adult male children)
24.01d
ki-tengo ; shi-tengo ki- ; shi-
(temporary) hut (to look out for wild animals on a farm)

ft0/j>B
24.34
tereeni
-tereeni ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
train
46.64
terewa
e-ter ewa ; e-
1 . request (to -), beg (to -), ask for sth (to -), 2. borrow sth (to -), borrow a bull (for
mating) (to -), 3. pray (to -)
1. 1t<Dti. fc3. <hb^5. 2. f&!?5 (%&-) , *t^l#^3, 3. *f-5

50.56 53.10, 53.23b, 60.05
e-ter'ewa ] neer'iche ; e-
ask sb to stay (to -) (lit. to beg+he-stay)
54.44
e-ter'ewa ushaur'i ;
(<Sw?)
consult (to -) (lit. to beg+opinion)
50.69
ter'i
-terl ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
ground, floor, land, soil
73.01 71.15
-ter'i ngyuu ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
black soil
73.10b
-ter'i ya samu ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
red soil
m
73.1
teshuo
e-teshuo ;
remove (to -), shift sth to different place (to -)
3238
teso
-teso ; =sg zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
adze
#^
47.22
:etenisi
-tetenisi ; (<Sw<Eng?) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
tetanus
8.12
:ewa
e-tewa ;
fail (to make sb -)
47.53b
; : -
tewo
ki-tewo ; shi-tewo ki- ; shi-
cause
KB
80.06d
tii
e-tii / i-tii ;
(<Sw) o-
obey (to -)
50.63
tikiri
-tikiri =sg
; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
game of hopping on one leg. (A player hops from one square to another square drawn
on the ground. Four circles are drawn. Girls' game.)
51.03i
tiko
u-tiko(= ngama ) u- ;
- elu ;
morning
m
74.05
tinyia
e-tinya ; e-
shortage of sth (to be in -), need of sth (to be in -)
77.07
tinyi-o
e-tinyi-o ;
pass.
need (to -), want (to -)
>&mt-r%
77.07b
tiri
ri'-tiri ; mi-tiri N'- ; mi-

footfall
W
4.12
tirikya
e-tirikya ;
admire (to -)
$>1-3
57.17
tiringo
i-tiringo ; ma-tiringo l- : ma-
stalk of banana bunch
/<^-^- wM^-o v> T v S ^
41.40m
tisiini
-tisiini ;
(<Sw) zero-
ninety
7L+
59.28
tita
e-tita ; e-
stir (to -)
49.21
e-tita na uw'iiri ; e-
stir (with a stirring rod) (to -) (an adult male person is despised, if he does this action.)
a#**rt\ frtm&s (##-?-) (jzxomtf-rzbmmztiz)
49.21b
to
n'-to ; mi-to (<Sw) N'- ; mi-

pillow (traditionally no pillow)
25.02
tofu
ki-tofu ; shi-tofu ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
navel (of animal)
02.11b
tokota
e-tokota ; e-
simmer (to -)
20.07
tokya
e-tokya ; (<Sw) e-
happen (for an accident) (to -)
76.1
tola
e-tola ; e-
jump, jump over (to -), jump about (to -), jump down/up/across (to -) (generic), cross
(a road/river) (to -)
45.38 45.39,39.16, 46.12, 72.33c
e-tola ] miida ; e-
cross (a river) (to -), jump over (a river) (to -)

K3 OHfc-)
72.33 45.38
e-tola wuye ] ; e-
jump up (to -)
45.38b
tola-tola
e-tola-tola ;
jump about (to -)

shifts (Vvfe */< y ft ft 4f #-)
39.16b
tol-y-a
e-tolya ; appl.
spring upon sb , jump on sb (to -)
52.11
tomi
l-tomi ; ma-tomi i- ; ma-
rich person (kiwoso origin)
&.fthftk
75.64
tondo
-tondo ; ma-tondo zero- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
foolish person
mmft A
9.08
tongo
ki-tongo ; shi-tongo ki- ; shi-
eyelid
tSft
1.12
toochi
-toochi ;
sg (<Eng) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
electric torch (<Eng)
70.13b
tooro
i-tooro ; ma-tooro i- ; ma-
young hen which has not laid eggs
S^ttJfe (*0Hj^V^^-)
38.23b
ton
-tori ; mi-tori N'- ; mi-
banana dish called "n'-tori." a kind of sticky banana soup (like a starch-and-water
mixture). A banana called "ndishi".is mashed and boiled together with a small pieces
of meat and a little oil. The seasoning is salt. It becomes sticky soup. One of the most
popular dish.
1&<0 <Dh &'<-}-)- (OX--/ y-r-> ("ndishi") t V^5 '<-i"f-<7>%&i&L. 'J> R fr^Jofc 1*1 k'J>
19.13c
torika
e-torika ;
mature (for boys or girls) (to become -)

-)
30.08
; ; ;
torowuo
e-torowuo ;
strip off maize grain from the corncob by hand (to -)
43.20b
tosha
e-tosha ; (<Sw?)
sufficient (to be -), enough (to be -)
77.08b
towa
e-towa e-
pick fruits/flowers (to -), pick (to -), catch hold (fruits) with a hook (to -)
*^3/ftfit?> *Î&3 (#T-, ^-C^lo^tfT-)

41.15 41.32b
tu
u-tu (not "u-ntu") u- ;

- elu
smallness
75.1
tubu
tubu ;
only
Kit
81.17
tabu tubu
ki-tabu tubu ; shi-tabu tubu ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
only book
tm (*-)
81.17c
tudu
n'-tudu ; mi-tudu N'- ; mi-
forest
71.08
tufari
i-tufari ; ma-tufari i- ; ma-

brick (not produced in this area)
24.2
tuka
e-tukusa ; e-
feed (to -)
ftft^î5, *5 (^tt&)
22.02
e-tuka ; e-
first food of the day (for human beings/animals to get the -)
22.02d
tukusa
e-tukusa ; e-
first food of the day (to have the - for human beings/domestic animal), feed (domestic
animals) (to -)
32.35b
tumburu
ki-tumburu ; shi-tumburu ki- ; shi- eki ; eshi
trunk of body
2.02
tumia
e-tumia ; (<Sw) e-
use (to -) (no generic word in Kikiwoso)

fflv^ (<> fflV>SJt^fcj;oT^M*5. m?Lli. rSTSrfflVS. eWyaa(to
cut) J > r^f -fefa 5.ekamada (to take)J #<hH5o, )
47.07
tumuo, tumwo
e-tumuo / e-tumwo ; e-
pluck out feathers (to -)
38.17
tunda
i-tunda ; ma-tunda (<Sw?) i- ; ma-
fruit (no generic word)
41.29
tungal
ki-tunga ; shi-tunga ki- ; shi-
cap
18.06
tunga2
e-tunga ; e-
bear fruits (to -)
42.07
tungucha
i-tungucha ; ma-tungucha i- ; ma-
tomato shaped fruit of a specific wild tree. (The taste is sweet and sour.)
Bto*K3h?HJtc*ft (1fg*otfvM*-T?. A^5-ir>f-*g)
40.40b
tunguu
ki-tunguu ; shi-tunguu (<Sw) ki- ; shi-
onion (introduced)
40.39
;
tura
e-tura e-
1. lack (to -), not to have, lose (to -), 2. miss (to -), fail to (do) (to -)
1. X<. 2. \tWio. [Hit 5. Hfc1-3
77.06 44.13c
e-tura finya ; e-
weak (to be-) (lit. lack+strength)
75.35
e-tura kyeuta ; e-
idle (to be -) (lit. to miss+something to do)
47.44b
e-tura majyo ; e-
fail to sleep (to -) (lit. to miss+sleep)
44.13b
e-tura uuru ; e-
cheap (to be -) (lit. to miss+price)
53.2
ri'-ndu a-turie finya ; wa-ndu wa-turie finya N'- ; wa-

weak person (lit. person+who lacks+strength)
7534
tur'uchuka
e-tur'iichuka ;
loosen/untied (to become - naturally)

Kjftt*. tf (iiK-)
62.03
tur'uchu-y-a
e-tur'iichuya ;
tie (a knot) (to -)
62.01
tur'uch-wo
e-tur'iichwo ; anto.
untie (to - intentionally)

ftf< (jftEttfc-)
62.02
tur'uch-wo
ki-tur'uchwo ; shi-tur'uchuo ki- : shi-
knot
62.04
tur'umbuka
e-tur'iimbuka ; e-
slip (to -)
45.13
tushia
e-tushia ; e-
dull (to be -)
75.46
kl-andu ki-tiishi ; shi-andu shi-tiishi ki- ; shi-
dull knife
75.45
tutuni
-tuturii ;
heel
4.1
tuula
e-tuiila ; e-
fall (to make -), throw down (a person well-matched in strength) (to -)
61.42 52.17b
tuura
e -tuura ; e-
wipe (to -), rub off (to -)
ft<> ZirQbi
e-ku-tiiura wipe oneself (to -)
26.11 26.12
e-tuura kisaa ; e-
wipe anus (after evacuation) (to -)
17.14 29.24
e -tuura ] madufi ; e-
wipe excreta (to -)
29.25
e-tuiira mawoko ; e-
wipe one's wet hands (to -)

< (&*ifc^-)
49.09
mii-u ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi
banana stem
41.40f
; ; ; ;
uiya
e-uiya ; e-
repeat (to -)
76.09
uka
e-uka e-
return (to -), return to parent's house (for wife to -), leave (to -), come from
(somewhere) (to -), come out (for sth poked in) (to -)
mz. mfr^mcmz (*^lt-) . *s we>-) . *s (Hw<o*;3fae>-) . n

*i3,miZ (II. *fs.<r>9 v?&)
46.02 46.18,46.07,46.25,62.26
e-uka bo ; e-
go out from home (to -) (lit. leave+home)
46.18b
uk-y-a
e-ukya appl. e-
start (to -)
76.01b
uk-y-a ukou
tikya ukou ( > ukyo + okou )
since (yesterday)
frfeflMfl)
74.5
uki
-ukl zero- ;
- etu ;
-
honey (Kiwoso origin)

m
uki ncha, good haney.
39.04
ukwadusu
kii-ukwadusu / kii-ukwadusu ;
clear day, fine day

ffitl (COB. Ôji^S)
enu n' kiiukwadusu. Today is fine.
69.21b
ula
i-ula ; ma-ula i- ; ma-

intestines
m
5.19
i-ula lya ] madufi ; ma-ula a ] madufi i- ; ma-

large intestines (lit. intestine of dung)
05.19c
;
umbal
kl-umba ; shi-umba ki- ; shi-
barren woman
29.26
umba2
e-umba (> yu-umba ) e-
make round (a paper, etc.) (to -), mold (pottery) (to -)
63.11 47.34c
e-umba nungu ; e-
mold pottery (to -)
4734b
umbe
-limbe ;
cattle
+ (tt*fcfift)
32.1
-limbe yoose ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
whole cattle (the -)
75.78b
umbi
-umbi ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi
finger-millet (kiwoso origin) (for porridge for patients/circumcised people/lactating

mother, and for alcoholic drinks)
40.25
umi
u-luml ; ngyuu-lurril u- ; ngyuu- elu ; eti
tongue
1.19
unga
e-unga ; e-
season (to -)
20.24
ungana
e-ungana ; e-
hurry (to -)
&<"
46.4
unguya
kyii-unguya ; shu-unguya ki- ; shi-
heartburn
12.06
unu
yu-unu (< 1-unu ) ; ? i- ; ? elyi ;
?
pith of banana stem
41.40g
un
ki-url ; shi-uri ki- ; shi-
mortar for pounding

ma
43.29
Ur'ul
ki-ur'u ;
ki-
Uru language
S0.04d
mii-ur'u ; wa-ur'u mu- wa- ;
Uru person
*JA>K
0.04i
ur'u ;
Uru (specific name of a place)
54.01d 78.04d
ur'u2
li-ur'u ; ngyuu-ur'u u- ; ngyuu- elu ; eti
price
fit
53.17
uyabo
e-uya bo ; e-
come home from work (to -)

mz> (ffc*a>p>fjfc-)
46.2
w
wal
e-wa ; e-
affirm (to -), agree (to -), obey (to -), undertake (to -)
50.46 50.48, 50.63b, 50.58
wa2
e-wa ; e-
be (to -), become (to -)

&?>> t?s>3
77.05
e-wa isembo ;
stupid (to be -)
9.07
e-wa i-tomi ;
rich (to be -) (kiwoso origin)
75.65
e-wa kilema ;
lame (to become -)
if y =tKt 5
13.02
e-wa madodo ;
muddy (for water) (to be -)
72.49
e-wa n'-firingo ;
round (to become -)
63.12
e-wa ngoda ;
poor (to be -)
54.52c
e-wa muumu ;
mean (to be -) (lit. to be +hard)

*> (Trfc-5)
75.63b
waa
e-waa ;
bloom (to -)
42.06
waafu
-waafu ; =sg (<Sw) zero- ; zero- elu ; eti
net
34.28
-waafu lo samaki ;
(<Sw) zero- ; zero- elu ; eti
fish-net (lit. net offish)
37.08
waakya
e-waakya ;
plant (maize) (to -), drill (to -)
43.13 43.04g
waama
e-waama ; e-
urinate (to -)
6.33
no sg. ; ma-waamu - ; ma- - ; ewa

urine
>b&
6.34
waana
e-waana ; e-
make an effort (to -)
47.45
waanga
e-waanga ; e-
call (to -)
50.22
e-waanga mun'nu ; e-
call loudly (a distant person) (to -)
50.23
wadal
ma-wade -n' ; - ; ma- - ; ewa
banana leaves covering the house
1. all over, 2. flatten banana leaves of the banana
stem (banana house)
24.13J
wada2
e-wada ; e-
l . catch (an enemy/animal) (to -), catch a ball (to -), seize (to -), get (to hold (to -),
-),
grasp sth in one's hand (to -), grab (to -), own (to -), 2. kidnap (to -), 3. marry (for a
man to -)
1. ffi&HZ (**, &. &-) . #-*&5tf<5, o^fr, *a<. #o, S3. Wi"
3, 2. mm-tz, 3. jgtfi-s (s*s)
56.09 51.27, 61.03, 61.04, 61.06, 77.03, 56.10
e-wada mawoko-n' ; e-
hold in one's arm (to -) (appl)
61.08
e-wada mawoko-n' ; e-
hold (a child) in one's arms (to -)
29.23
e-wada finya ; e-
strong (to be -) (lit. have+strength)

&^
75.31
e-wada kirenge ; e-
noisy (to be -)
70.25b
e-wada mawoko ; e-
marry (for man to -) (lit. to grab+hands; i.e., to grab a bride and take her to one's
home),
28.01
e-wada mashaka ;
(<Sw) e-
doubt (to -)
58.27b
e-wada ] mbor'a ; e-
prosper (to -)
55.16
e-wada mooka selasim ; e-
30 years old (to be -)
3 0*-C*>3
ngiode mooka selasim. I am thirty years old.;
59.53
e-wada moondu ; e-
dispute (to -), argue (to -)
52.05b
e-wada ng'asa ; e-
shake hands (to -) (lit. to hold+hands)
54.42
e-wada n'sia ; e-
feel anxious (to -)
58.29b
e-wada samaki ; e-
fish (to -)
37.05
e-ku-wada (ku=reflex) e-
endure (to -), bear (to -) (lit. hold+oneself)
57.29
wad-o
e-wad-o ;
pass. e-
caught (to be -)
61.03b
;
e-wado mawoko ; pass. e-
marry (for a woman) (to -) (lit. to be caught)
28.02
e-wad-o ndwaari ; e-
get (a disease) (to -)
8.03
e-wad-o na machoma (> ewado n' machoma pass. e-
);
catch cold (to -) (lit. to be held +with +nasal mucus)
*H?*rtK
8.08
wada-wada
e-wada-wada ; e-
1. whet (to -), sharpen the edge (to -), 2. rake up (to -), gather up with fingers (to -
repeatedly), remove roots/other debris in the field (to -), 3. hold many times (to -)
*?KM*)2;Z>, 3. j5fjfc*S<
63.15 26.05, 43.04f
wod-e
ri'-ndu awode finya ; wa-ndu wawode finya N'- ; wa-
strong person (lit. person+who has+stregnth)
753
kyo-owo kiwode finya ; sho-owo shiwode N'- ; wa-

finya
strong rope
7537
wadama
e-wadama e-
clean (for water) (to become -)
72.52
wajya
e-wajya ; e-
cp. "hold for, 52.18" in TP

1. walk (to -), 2. tread (to -), run over (to -), 3. press down (to -), pin down (to -), 4.
hold for (sb) (to -), have for (sb) (to -)
help to hold (to -),
i. #<, 2. mti, t><. fifrs (*-?-) 3. fl*.fttt-5, . 4. m</^^> mfr<VR

4633 45.11,46.62,52.18b
e-wajya ikelekele-n' ; e-
hold under one's arm (to -)
61.09
e-wajya kir'iso ; e-
envy (to -), jealous (to be -) (lit. hold+bad eye (small eye))
57.18
e-wajya shimbai ; e-
press down (to -), pin down sb (to -)
52.18
e-wajya-wajya ; e-
trample many times (to -), trample on the floor to make it harder after sprinkling water
(for children to -)
Bf*ofr3, *o.1-. gf#fc5, fc&mfrZtzMCTkZMis^tcfer'TWMfrlM-zm.lfmte
64.11 24.25
waka
e-waka ; e-
resemble (to -), similar to (to be -)
kindu eki ri' kiwakie kya. This thing resembles that.;
68.22
wala
u-wala ; ngy-ala, ngyuu-wala u- ; ngy- elu ; eti
fingernail (of a human being, animal), talon

/n (Ann/fc/*>-)
3.12 38.34
wale
i-wale ; ma-wale i- ; ma-
bamboo (not found in this area)
40.14
wamba
e-wamba ;
(<Sw?) e-
stretch skin, prepare to dry (to -)
34.36
e-wamba kichoni ; e-
peg out the skin (to -)

fttroTfelt
34.36b
e-wamba ngoma ;
(<Sw?) e-
stretch the skin over a drum (to -)
51.11
li-wambo ; ngyuu-wambo / -mbambo u- ; ngyuu-

peg
47.24
1
wanda
e-wanda ; e-
fat (to get -), fat/greasy (to become -) (for domestic animals)
32.13
i-wanda ; ma-wanda i- ; ma-

dry leaves fringing the door of a banana house
24.13k
wanga
u-wanga ; nguu-wanga u- ; ngyuu- elu ; eti
cliff
71.05
li-wange-n' ;
in a valley (lit. in cliff)
71.06
wangisa
e-wangisa ;
tighten (to -)
62.18
wara
l-wara ; ma-wara i- ; ma-
spot
68.14
waril, ware
i-wari / i-ware ; ma-wan / ma-ware i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
corn (on a hand, on a foot), water blister caused by fire
fcC, >. &<75g. *^<tl ('Xm<D-)

11.15 11.08
wari2
li-wari ; -mbari (< rri'-wari?) u-:N- elu ; eti
side of body, side of living being, rib

ffi (^<D#C75<Ilj) , flij#
66.07 5.08
u-wari-n' lo ] m'-mbii ; -mbari-n' ya ] zero- ; zero- etu ; ewa

m'-mbii (lit. side of body)
side of body
2.15
vvari3
-wari ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi, eti
alcoholic drinks (generic)
19.07
; ;
-wari o ndasha (= ndasha ngintu) zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi, eti
the first alcoholic drink that is brewed in the process of engagement (lit. alcoholic
drink +of + foretelling). An alcoholic drink to divine whether the daughter chosen by
the parents is truly appropriate for their son's wife or not. If the alcoholic drink is not
brewed means that
well, it the daughter is appropriate for their son's wife. If the
alcoholic drinks is brewed well, it means that the daughter is not appropriate, (see
"ndasha nginiini" or "ndasha niini")
M IWHfi; t'-/W^y>t^TOS5:f9) . 4iift&8*.5;fc>0>igg-e. Sift 5 <D/<-t
19.07b
-ndasha ngintu ( = -wari o ndasha) zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
the first alcoholic drink that is brewed in the process of engagement (lit. foretelling +
small) (synonym of "wari o ndasha")
wari o ndasha CDgiJfft
19.07b
-ndasha nginiini / -ndasha niini ; zero- ; zero- eyi ; eti
the second alcoholic drink that is brewed in the process of engagement (lit. foretelling
+ big). An alcoholic drink to divine again whether the daughter is appropriate for their
son's wife when the result of the first divination is not good. If the drink is not
brewed well, the daughter is appropriate for their son's wife. If it is brewed well, the
parents try to choose another daughter again.
wxf&^L<tti%&tus. z<vm-&?<DmtLx&t>L<fo-<bftmmti^ u&z<vm

#^L<ftt}tll, #A ("mwiichi") ^ST-^#V\ &c7>SgJ<D<b cDEf) L&#fcfr <. Z t^m
>R#, {<FAf;$>2:{r, "ngeeterewaikumbiid wishtobeahoe)" iV^PiSr^^-So $6<>jiEjM#
19.07c
-wari o kidedo ; zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi, eti
the third alcoholic drink that is brewed in the process of engagement (lit. alcoholic
drinks +of + talk). This alcoholic drink is sent to the daughter's parents, when they
accept the engagement. People of the two families (of fiance and fiancee) get together
to have this drink for friendship.
mmzmTLZtcVxnm&XWbtiZ. H#B'<-*-*-jfi. 4fi0>PoS#*:<oiii|i5jfgL;fc*.
19.07d
-wari o waka na womi ; zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi, eti
brewed in the process of engagement (lit. alcoholic

the fourth alcoholic drink that is
drinks +of + women and men). The alcoholic drink offered to treat neighbours in
cerebration of the son's engagement.
19.07e
-wari o wasacha ; zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi, eti
the fifth alcoholic drink that brewed in the process of engagement (lit. alcoholic
is
drinks +of + brother/brother-in-law). The alcoholic drink for people of the two
families of fiance! and fiancele to drink together for friendship.
So c<D'mzmm>i&<nmm^mibtiz>,
19.071
-wari o umbi ; zero- ; zero- etu ; eyi, eti
alcoholic drink made from banana/millets (filtered but not distiled)
19.12
warimu
-warimu ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; ewa
spirit (generic, no individual name), spirit of a dead person, soul (spirit) of an
ancestor, devil
60.09 60.08
warol
ki-waro ; shi-waro ki- ; shi-
flower (Kiwoso origin)
ft
41.16
waro2
i-waro ; ma-waro l- : ma-
spot (of the leopard/cheetah)
33.11
waruka
u-waruka ; ngyuu-waruka u- ; ngyuu-
lightning
mm
69.22
war'isinda
-war'isinda ; =sg zero- ; zero- etu ; ewa

brother-in-law, sister-in-law
28.18
washa
e-washa ;
strike (match) (to -)
48.24b
e -washa n'-fi ;
strike a match (to -), light a match (to -)
48.24
washi-washi
i-washi-washi ; ma-washiwashi l- ; ma-
lung
5.14
wawa
e-wawa ; e-
1. painful (to be -), pain (to feel -), 2. bitter (to be -), 3. carry a baby/child (to -)
i. mts. *v\ 2. sv. 3. +&%m& (ffifc&ii^fcfittfcft^)

n'dwe ] nyiiulyaa. I have a headache, (lit. head is eating
me.)
n'deu nyingiwawia. I have a stomachache, (lit. stomach pains
me)
iyoo lyingiwawia. I have a toothache, (lit. tooth pains me)
12.01 23.03,29.21
e-wawa ] chumbi ; e-
salty (to be -)
23.08
e-wawa mungo-n' ; e-
carry a baby (on the back) (to -) (lit. become better +on the back)
29.21b
e-wawa uwari-n' ; e-
carry ababy (on the hip) (to -) (lit. become better + on the hip) (this way of carrying is
brought from other places)
29.21c
waw-o
n'-wawo ; N'- (cl. 3) ; - etu ;
-
1. pain, 2. bitterness
i. *. 2. %m
12.02 23.04
wawaaye
-wawaaye ; wa- wawaaye, wa-wawee zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa
elder brother/person (used by younger brothers/elder sisters), senior person
51$ A,! (n?Ttf)
27.38b
-wawaay-aako ; -wawaaye-wako zero- ; zero-

my elder brother/sister
5t/tt (&>-)
27.34b
-wawaaya-akwe ; -wawaaye-wakwe zero- ; wa-

his elder brother/sister
27.34e
wawata
e-wawata ; e-
singe (to -)
38.18
waw'e
i-waw'e ; ma-waw'e i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
leprosy
8.09
waw'ee
waw'ee ; wa-waw'ee zero- ; wa- etu ; ewa
elder brother/sister/person, senior person
tt/rt (&co-)
27 34
waw'ia
e-waw'ia ; e-
cf. e-wa-Wia, to tell them;

suffer from (to -)
12.15
wawi-o
e-waw'io ;
pass. e-
suffer (to be -)
12.15b
e-waw'io ] chaa ; e-
hungry (to become -)
22.15
wee2
i-wee ; ma-wee i- ; ma-
cp. "breast, 02.07" in TP
stone
mawee afie, many stones,

mawee macha, good stones.
73.02
i-wee lya ewadawada ; ma-wee a i- ; ma-

ewadawada
whetstone
63.16
i-wee lya samu ; i- ; ma-

red stone (lit. stone +of +red colour)
68.03
i-wee lyifane samu ; ma-wee afane samu i- ; ma-

red stone (lit. stone which is red)
68.03b
i-wee lyaangu ; ma-wee maangu i- ; ma-

light stone
75.2
i-wee lyeeo ; ma-wee meeo i- ; ma-

white stone
68.06
i-wee lyuu ; ma-wee muu i- ; ma-

black stone
68.09
i-wee lyicheemiaa ; ma-wee acheemia i- ; ma-

heavy stone
75.17
i-wee lying 'a-n' ; ma-wee ang'a-n' i- ; ma-

rock (lit. big stone)
73.04
woi
wol ;
please
if 5^
82.08
woiya
e-woiya ; e-
quiet (for a person to be -), quiet (or a person to keep -), remain silent (when called)
(to -), stop cry (to -)
#*{:: LTV 3. #ao (îztcfttiio) . ig*Lfcv\ &<citJ63

70.23b 50.27,57.10
e-woiya sau ; e-
quiet completely (to be -), quiet (for a person to be -), quiet (or a person to keep -)
70.23 50.13,70.23b
woko
u-woko ; ma-woko u- ; ma- elu ;
arm, hand, back of the hand, wrist, forearm

88. #, ^co^, ^tt mm
3.01 03.02,03.04,03.13,03.14
u-woko ; ma-woko u- ; ma-

unit of length (a span between the thumb and the forefinger stretched )
uwoko lumwi, one "uwoko",;

mawoko awi, two "uwoko";
75.13f
; ;
u-woko ] liicha ; u- ; ma-

right hand
taari ya uwoko ] liicha, to the right (lit.
direction+of+hand+right);
67.12
u-woko lutaamba ; u- ; ma-

left hand
taari ya uwoko lutaambaa, to the left (lit. dirction+of+hand+left)

67.1
wona
e-wona e-
1. bear (a child) (for human beings) (to -), give birth to (to -), 2. find (sth hidden) (to
-), 3. get (to -), obtain (to -), pick up (to -), get what sb has left (to -)
1. tf (AfH*) . 2. o(t5. 3. ^fcAtl*. tef#-f3 (Ha>#*< L1t1><0&)

29.04 07.08b, 53.06, 53.08b
e-wona irishi ; e-
dislocated (to be -)
10.13
e-wona kilema (= e-wa kilema) ;

e-
lame (to become -) (lit. to find+lame person)
13.02b
won-ik-a
e-wonika ; ? e-
born (for human being) (to be -)
29.05
wool
e-woo e-
cp. "fall (down), 40.03" in TP

kill (to -), extinguish (to -)
e-woo ] na ifumu, to kill with a spear;

343 56.12,48.14
e-woo na ifumu ; e-
hunt with a spear (to -) (lit to kill with a spear)

&*)&-*& urc?-)
e-woo ] na ifumu, to hunt with a spear.
34.01
woo-wo
e-woowo ; pass. e-
killed (to be -)
34_30b 56.12b
;
woo2
e-woo ; e-
cp. "kill (34.01)" in TP

fall (to -), tumble (to -)
WtiZ (##-) . US
40.03 45.17
wooka
e-wooka ; e-
begin (to -), start (to -)
ft}* 3
76.01
e-wooka e-runda ; e-
begin one's work (to -) (lit. begin+work)

&#>3 (ft**)
76.02
wou
u-wou! (< u-ou ) u- elu
fear
57.24
woye
woye ; =sg u- elu
scab
10.11
wuka
e-wuka ; e-
1. come out of the water (to -), come from (to -), 2. divorce (for woman) (to -)
1. 7k^f>&^3, *ae>HJ3, 2. mm-tz (&#)
72.47b 28.23b
e-wuka miide-n' ; e-
come out of the water (to -)
72.48
wumbya
e-wumbya ; e-
heap up (to -)
Ste-ttf-5, Ujf3
e-ki-wumbya heap it up (to -)
73.03
e-ku-wumbya ;
(ku=reflex) e-ku-
1. crowded (to be -), 2. gather on sth (to -)
1. il^V^, BgfrS. 2. MZ> (fc*5)

54.57 39.27
wura
e-wura ;
buy (to -)
53.15
; ;
e-wuna ; e-
make fire stronger (to -), stir fire stronger (to -)
!k<Dm^Z$IL<-t?> ('XZfrZLtc<0. m<D&m%fr7Ltz'0 LT-) , 'J<frZ$Lt>1-

48.12
e-e-wuru (< e-i-wiiru ) e-i-
belch (to -)
06.29c
i-wiiru i- - elyi -
; ; ;
belch (generic)
6.29
e-wuta e-
1. do (to -), make (to -), 2. dislodge (something jammed) (to -), take out (to -), pull
out (to -), remove by cutting (to -), uproot (to -), take off (clothes) (to -), 3. cut (to -),
mow (to -), cut the hair (to -)

1. 1"3. ttZ. 2. m-&-otci><D&<9m<. &<93. &3, m<9tili- (ny*-, ffia
b) . ?lo3g9î-, U<* (UR-) >>B3. 3l#ft< (M. , fe- *!l-) . 3. *J5 (^
77.01 26.17, 61.52, 15.07, 64.01b, 14.05b, 40.50b
e-wuta hewa ; e-
exhale (to -), breathe out (to -) (lit. to remove+air)

p<
6.15
e-wuta ichoma ; e-wuta machoma e-
blow one's nose (to -)
6.07
e-wuta ikata ; e-
skin (with a knife or by pulling) (to -)
34.33
e-wuta kelya nungu-n' ; e-
remove food from the pot with hands (to -)
20.20b
e-wuta maare ; e-
cut (to -), grass (to -), mow grass (to -)
40.5
e-wuta maula ; e-
take out intestine (to -)
34.32b
; ; ;
e-wuta moodu ; e-
take honey out of beehive (to -)
39.05
e-wuta mude-n' ; e-
take (sth) out of water (to -)
49.07
e-wuta musha ; e-
extract a thorn (to -)
fflik<
14.05
e-wuta ri'-dwe ; e-
cut the hair (to -), shave (to -)
17.07
e-wuta ngerero ; e-
shave (beard) (to -)
17.08
e-wuta n'gwi mudo-n' ; e-
take out firewood from fire (to -)
48.2
e-wuta(-fo) n'-guo e-
take off (clothes) (to -)
15.07b
wut-i-a
e-wutla ; appl. e-
do sth on sb (to -), make sth on sb (to -)
77.01b
wut-i-o
e-wutio ; appl., pass. -
done for sb (to be -), made for sb (to be -)

LT<tl6
77.01d
wut-o
e-wuto pass. e-
done (to be -), made (to be -) (pass)
77.01c
wuu
wuu (< u-uu ?) u- elu
blackness
m
68.08
wuya
e-wuya ;
return (to -)
46.19
e-wuya ] numa ;
step back (to -) (lit. return+behind)
45.29
wuye
wuye ; =sg
up, top, surface, above, upward
wuye a mesa, above the table

wuye-n' a mesa, on the table
wuye a ] ri'-lima, above the mountain
67.05 66.08
wuye a ] n'-lima ; wuye a ] mi -lima

top of a mountain
M
71.03
w
w'eda
e-w'eda ;
wait (to -)
5439
wedeya
e-w'edeya ;
forestall (to ), wait for (to -)
4632
weel
i-w'ee ; ma-w'ee i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
cp. "stone, 73.02" in TP
breast, udder (of animal)
2.07 32.17
w'eia
e-w'eia ; e-
sew (to -), knit (with tools) (to -) (kiwoso origin)

$&o. mti CMmzii^x-)
e-weia ngocha sew torn clothes (to -)
e-weia n'kucha knit mats (to -)
16.09 16 1
w'enya
e-w'enya ; e-
peel (skin of fruits) with a knife (to -)
43.36
e-w'enya mbwee ; e-
peel (an unripe banana) (to -) (lit. to peel with a knife)
41.43b
w'esa
e-w'esa ; e-
ask (to -)
50.36b
e-w'esa kindo ; e-
ask a question (to -) (lit. ask+thing)
50.36
w'icho
u-w'icho ; u- elu
badness
S3
75.04
ki-tabu kiw'icho ; shl-tabu shiw'icho ki- ; shi-
bad book
75.02
ri'-dunka n'-w'icho ; wa-ka wa-w'icho N'- ; wa-

ugly woman
75.73b
w'iili
-w'iili ; zero-
two
59.02
w'iira
e-w'iira ; e-
return sth (to -), get back (to -)
ill" (ft, &&) . M'omir

53.27 53.09
e-w'ilra kindo ; e-
return sth (to -)
JSi" (ft)
53.27b
w'iiri
u-w'iiri ; ngyuu-w nn u- ; ngyuu-

stirring rod (for stirring broth)

&&&. mnw (*) (*A>tt:L-niv^fc^)
49.21c
w'iiria
e-w'iiria ; e-
shut (to -), close (the door) (to -)
24.06
w'ika
e-w'ika / e-w'ika ;
e-
1. make (to -), 2. clothe (sb), 3. keep (to -), 4. bear fruits (to -), 5. put (to -) put in (to
-), poke in (to -), patch (to -)
1. WZ>. 2. Sit -5. 3. o, 4. *Ôtt5, 5. g< ((Dtti^c-;cf.20.11) . AtlS
47.08 15.06b, 16.16c, 61.29, 42.07b, 61.51, 62.24
e-w'ika fana ; e-
dye (to -)
68.16
e-w'ika finya ; e-
encourage (to -) (lit. to put+ metal)?

**-
50.68
e-w'ika ] kiala ; e-
fertilize (to -)
43.16
e-w'ika kiraka ; e-
patch (to -) (lit. to put a patch)
16.16
e-w'ika mawara ; e-
spot (to have -)
68.15
e-w'ika ] ri'-gwo ; e-
clothe (sb) (to -) (lit. to put a clothes)
15.06
wik-i-a, wik-y-a
e-w'ikya, e-w'ikia ;
appl. e-
1. lay egg (to -), lay (to -), 2. feed (to -), keep for (to -), keep (domestic animals) (to
-), take care of domestic animals (to -), look after animals (to -), 3. domesticate (to -)
-?-) .mo. 3. n&it-rz. s^we,-*- (mm*-)

42.07c 32.34, 32.40, 38.26b
;
e-w'ikya mayal ; e-
lay eggs (to -)
38.26
winyia
e-w'inyia ; e-
hope (to -), wish (to -)
57.16
wira
e-w'ira e-
fermented (to become -), ripen naturally/artificially (for fruits to -) , ripen on its way
(for fruits to -), ripe (to be -), fertile (to be -)
3H5N-3, ffcft-5 (g&tc/Alftfz:-) . $tioofc3, &LT^3, E*refc

19.1 41.55, 41.55b, 43.16b
wir-is-a
e-w'irisa ;
caus.
ferment (to -), make fermented (to -)
e-ki-wirisa ferment it (to -)
19.09
w'ishi
u-w'ishl ; ngyuu-w'ishi u- ; ngyuu-
hawk, eagle, vulture
38.05 38.06, 38.07
w'iw'ika
e-w'iw'ika ;
blow (to -), blow with mouth (to -)

&< (#-)
69.29
wiwi-to
e-w'iw'ito ;
pass.
blown away (to be -) (pass)
69.32
wungu
u-w ungu ; ngyoo-w ungu u- ; ngyoo- elu ; eti
calabash plant
r> o-tth (ffifc)
41.39b
w'uuda
e-w'uiida ;
satiated (to become -)
wmtz
22.19
; ;
w'yal
i-w'ya ; ma-w'ya i- ; ma-
foam
m
49.02
w'ya2
e-w'ya e-
cp. "Wya (cut), 64.04" in length

tell (to -), let know (to -), inform (to -)
50.16 50.17
e-w'ya nakofo ; e-
say farewell (to -) (lit. to tell+good bye)
50.29b
w'yaa
e-w'ya umbi ; e-
cut with a knife (to -) (generic), take a millet-head with a knife "kinro" from the plant
(to-)
*l/7h (DUfc-t-J 7 "kinRo" X-&%
43.17c
e-w'yaa ; e-
cp. "Wya (tell), 50.16" in length
cut with a knife (to -), chop with a knife (to -)
64.04
wyaa-wyaa
e-w'yaa-w'yaa e-
slice (to -), cut (meat) into pieces (to -)
64.04b
yai
i-yal ; ma-yal (<Sw) i- ma-

;
egg (traditionally no egg in this area. Until these days, it was said that women were
prohibited to eat eggs.)
38.25
yool
ki-yoo ; shi-yoo (<Sw) ki- ; shi-
mirror
m
17.16
/oo2
li-yoo ; ngyiiu-yo u- ; ngyuu-
piece of broken pot to grind sniff "mbatu" (see "ngina")
M:g<D3it>< tctb<Dm?>X}i (#SP. "ngina")
43.27h
yoo3
i-yoo ; ma-yoo i- ; ma- elyi ; ewa
tooth
$!
1.2
i-yoo lya mbele ; ma-yoo a mbele i- ; ma-

front tooth
fffft, PW
1.21
i-yoo lya moondu-n' ; ma-yoo a moondu-n' i- ; ma-

molar (lit. tooth of jaw)
1.22
i-yoo lyieni ; ma-yoo meeni i- ; ma-

tooth itself
79.07J
i-yoo elyi ; ma-yoo ewa i- ; ma-

this tooth
79.09c
i-yoo elyo ; ma-yoo ewo i- ; ma-

that tooth
79.10c
yoolo
i-yoolo ; ma-yoolo i- ; ma-
small intestines
>m
05.19b
English Index
ENGLISH INDEX
English Stem Pf Word (sg ;
pi)
A
abandon (to -), give up (to -) (generic) sandauta e- e-sand3uta;
abandon (to -), leave (sth) (to -) deeya2 e- e-deeya (= e-da);
abandon (to -), leave sth (when going out) (to -), stop da2 e- e-da (= e-deeya);
(sth) (to -)
abandon (the work) on his will (to -) dafo e- e-dafo;
abdomen ndeu zero- ; zero- -ndeu; =sg
ability; mhave an ability (to -), can idima e- e-edlma / i-idima;
above, upward, up, top wuye wuye; =sg
abuse (to -), insult (to -) arara e- e-arara;
abuse each other (to -) arara e- e-ku-3rara;
accompany (to -), go together (to -) enda e- e-enda kimwi;
accomplish (to -) idima e- e-edima;
acidic (to be -), sour (to be -), sour (to go -) dooka e- e-dooka;
acidity, sourness dooka N'- ; mi- n'-dooko; mi-dooko
Adam's apple korol i- ; ma i-koro; ma-koro
add (to -) engera e- e-engera;
admire (to -) tirikya e- e-tirikya;
adult (man/woman) dwang'ane N'- ; wari'-dwa-ng'ane; wa-ndwa-ng'ane
adze teso zero- ; zero- -teso; =sg

affirm (to -), agree (to -) wal e- e-wa;
afraid of (to be -), fear (to -) owuo e- e-owuo (> yo-owiio );
after that, then alafu e- alafu;
afterwards, later on, soon, within the same day ngoma -ngoma;
again lyingi lyingi;
aged (to become -), old (to be -) kwo e- e-kwo;
age-group (generic) rikal zero- ; ma- -rika; ma-rika
agree (to -), affirm (to -) wal e- e-wa;
agreement patana - ; ma- ma-patanu ;
agricultural chemicals, medicine for human beings dawa2 zero- zero- -dawa;
air air hewa zero- zero- hewa;
airplane ndeke zero- zero- -ndeke (= ndeeye ); =sg

airplane ndeeye zero- zero- -ndeeye (= ndeke ); =sg
alcoholic drinks (generic) wari3 zero- zero- -wri; =sg
the first alcoholic drink that is brewed in the process wari3 zero- zero- -wari o ndasha (= ndasha ngintu)
of engagement
the first alcoholic drink that is brewed in the process wari3 zero- zero- -ndasha ngintu;
of engagement (synonym of "wari o ndasha")
the second alcoholic drink that is brewed in the wari3 zero- zero- -ndasha nginiini / -ndasha niini;
process of engagement
the third alcoholic drink that is brewed in the process wari3 zero- zero- -wari o kidedo;
of engagement
the fourth alcoholic drink that is brewed in the wari3 zero- zero- -wari o waka na womi;
process of engagement
the fifth alcoholic drink that is brewed in the process wari3 zero- zero- -w3ri o wasacha;
of engagement
alcoholic drink made from banana/millets wari3 zero- zero- -wari o unibi;
248
English Stem Pf Word (sg ; pi)
alcoholic drink made from banana chang'aa zero- ; zero- -chang'aa;
alcoholic drink made from banana piwa zero-, zero- -piwa (= chang'aa );
straw for drinking beer not used not used;
alive (to be -) ishi e- e-ishl;
alive (to be -), dwell (to -) ishi e- e-ishi ( > e-eshl / i-ishi );
all people ndu - ; wa- wd-ndu woose;

all things ndol - ; shi- shi-ndo shoose;
allow (to -) leketa e- e-leketa;
allow a person to drink (to -) leketa e- e-leketa n'-ndu na-ne;
allow cattle to drink (to -) leketa e- e-leketa u-mbe i-ne;
allow (to -), forgive (to -) saria e- e-saria;
Allow me. Pardon me. Excuse me. I regret. I am kwade kwade;

wrong.
alone muni muni;
always kila kila keer'i;
ambush (to -), lie in wait (to -) fisya e- e-fisya;
amount, measure esha ki- ; shi- ki-esho; she-esho
and na2 na;
and; maize and oil emba2 zero- ; ma- me-emba ] na mafuta;
and; maize, oil and salt emba2 zero- ; ma- me-emba (na) mafuta na chumbi;
anger nashi zero- ; zero- -nasKi;
angry (to get -) swo e- e-swo;
animal (wild -; lit. of-bush) ngara ki- ; shikya-ngara ; sha-ngara
mysterious animal whose cry kills one who hears mbala2 zero- ; zero- -mb^la; =sg
ankle songo ki- ; shi- ki-songo; shi-songo
another, other, some ngi ngi;
another ladle / other ladles ngi u- ; ngyuu- li-liko lungi; ngyuu-liko tingi
another pot / other pots ngi zero- ; zero- -nungu ingi; nungu tingi
another son / other sons ngi NT- ; wari'-soro ungi; wd-soro wengi
another thing / other things ngi ki- ; shi- ki-ndo kingi; shi-ndo shingi
another tooth / other teeth ngi i- ; ma- i-yoo lyingi; nici-yoo engi
another tree / other trees ngi NT- ; mi- n'-ji ungi; mi-ji ingi
another place ngi a- ; ku- a-ndo kungi; kii-ndo kungi
answer (to -) idikya e- e-edikya (< e-idikya);
answer a call (to -) idikya e- e-edikya (< e-idikya);
answer dedo ki- ; shi- ki-dedo; shi-dedo
ant (very small black ant) nyinyir'il zero- ; zero- -nyinyirl; =sg
red ant mbefu zero- ; zero- -mbefu; =sg
anthill not exist;
anus, buttock saal ki- ; shi- ki-saa; shi-saa
anxiety sya N'- ; mi- n'-sya; mi-sya
anybody, all people ndu NT- ; wa- n'-ndu woose; wa-ndu wo6se
apologize (to -), sink (to -) oloka e- e-olokia;
approach (to -), move (vi) (to -) sembea e- e-sembea;
approach (to make sth -), put sth near sth (to -) sembea e- e-sembera kufuui;
April ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o kaana;
area which is not utilized by people, area occupied by kasa zero- ; zero- -kasa; =sg
wild animals
249

pi)
argue (to -), dispute (to -) wada2 e- e-wada moondu;
arm, hand woko u- ; ma- u-woko; ma-woko
armpit kelekele i- ; ma- i-kele-kele; ma-kelekele
around over there, the place in question lya2 ku- ku-lya;
around, at the side, beside mbar'i-n' mbar'i-n';
arrange (to -), put in order (to -) banga2 e- e-banga;
arrive (to -) chal e- e-cha;
arrow, matchwood fi N'- ; mi- ri'-fi; ml-fi
arrowhead dwe N'- ; mi- n'-dwe o ] m'fi; mi-dwe ya ] mif
arrowshaft dil ki- ; shi- ki-di kya ] m'fi; shi-di sha ] mifi
ashes fu2 i- ; ma- i-fu; ma-fu
ask (to -) w'esa e- e-w'esa;
ask a question (to -) w'esa e- e-w'esa kindo;
ask for sth (to -), beg sth (to -) ter'ewa e- e-ter'ewa;
ask sb to stay (to -) ter'ewa e- e-ter'ewa ] neer'iche;
assemble (to -) (vi.) kuana e- e-kuanya;
assemble (to -), pack (to -) (vt) sung'ania, e- e-sung'ania / e-sung'anya;

sung'anya
assemble people (to -) (vt.) sung'ania, e- e-sung'anya ] w3ndu;

sung'anya
assist (to -), help (to -) akanya e- e-akanya (= e-ekia);
assist (to -), help (to -) ekia e- e-ekia;
attack (to -), beat (to -) kaba e- e-kaba;
attention (to pay -), notice (to -), listen (to -) adanya e-adanya;
August ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o nanl;
aunt (mother's elder sister) mai zero- ; wa- -mai ] n'-niini; -mai ) wa-niini
aunt (mother's younger sister) mai zero- ; wa- -mai n'-tu; -mai wa-tu
aunt (father's elder/younger sister) fwa2 N'- ; wa- m'-fwa maa-ye a ndee-ye;
wa-fwa maaye a ndeeye
aunt (father's sister) shangasi zero- ; zero- -shangasi; =sg
avocado par'a chiini i- ; ma- 1-par'a chiini; ma-par'a chiini
avoid (sth) (to -) iyama e- e-iydma;
avoid the rain (to -), hide from the rain (to -) owa e- e-owa mbuo;
awake (to be -) damia e- e-damia talalaa;
axe ara ki- ; shi- ki-ara; sha-ara
B
baa (for goat/sheep to -), low (for cattle to -), thank (to -) anal e- e-ana;
babble (to -), do/speak carelessly (to -) deda2 e- e-deda w'er'esha;
baboon (no baboon at present) fue i- ; ma- i-fue; ma-fue

baby koku N'- ; wa- n'-koku; wa-koku
baby (small - in size) koku ki- ; shi- ki-n'-koku; shi-n'-koku
baby sling korori N'- ; mi- n'-korori ; mi-korori
baby sling, loincloth, waistcloth for man korori NT- ; mi- n '-korori; mi-korori
back of body mungo zero- ; zero- -mungo; =sg

back of the hand, hand woko u- ; ma- u-woko; ma-woko
on the back, door step mungo zero- -mungo-n';
in back of, at the back of, rear kari2 zero- ; zero- kari; =sg
backbite (to -), speak ill (of sb) (to -) deda2 e- e-deda ] ri'du w'icho;
backbone rotoroto u- ; ngyuu- u-rotoroto; ngyuu-rotoroto

;
;
250
bad (to be -) haiya e- e-haiya;
bad book w'icho ki- ; shi- ki-tabu kiw'icho; shi-tabu

shiw'icho
badness w'icho u- u-w'icho;
bad (to be - tasting), untasty (to be -) sukal e- e-suka;
bad (to be - tasting), untasty (to be -) da2 e- e-da ila loda;
bad eye (lit. small eye) sol ki-ri- ; shi-ri- ki-ri-so; shi-ri-so
bag (generic) fuko2 N'- ; mi- n'-fuko; mi-fuko
jute bag, carrying sack kunyia i- ; ma- i-kunyia; ma-kunyia

bag (used only in the word "urinary bladder") bofu ki- ; shi- ki-bofu; shi-bofu
bake in ashes (to -) siw'ika e- e-siw'ika;
baldness haa u- ; ngyuu- u-haa; ngyuu-haa
ball, football bira N'- ; mi- rfi'-bira ; mi-bira
bamboo (not found in this area) wale i- ; ma- i-wale; ma-wale

banana plant nyinda zero- ; zero- -nyinda; =sg
banana dish (drink) called "ki-bulu kya malela." One bulu ki- ; shi- ki-bulu kya malela; shi-bulu sha
of the soft drinks malela
banana dish (drink) called "ki-bulu". Soft porridge bulu ki- ; shi- ki-bulu; shi-bulu
banana dish called "kimantina." mantina ki- ; shi- ki-mantina; shi-mantina
banana dish called "kitaloolo." one type pf banana taloolo ki- ; shi- ki-taloolo; shi-taloolo
soup.
banana dish called "ki-tawa." a paste of beans and tawa ki- ; shi- ki-tawa; shi-tawa
banana.
banana dish called "ma-karoni" karoni - ; ma- no sg; ma-karorii
banana dish called "makashi." food, slightly hard kashi - ; ma- ma-kashl;
mush.
banana dish called "mbemba." banana soup. mbemba - ; zero -mbemba;

banana dish called "ng'ande." banana porridge. ng'ande zero- ; zero- -ng'ande;
banana dish called "n'-tori." a kind of sticky banana tori N'- ; mi n'-tori; mi-tori
soup
banana dish called "ulawi." slightly heavy banana law'i u- ; ngyuu- u-law'i; ngyuu-law'i
soup.
banana flower nganana zero- ; zero- -nganana; =sg
banana for brewing alcoholic drinks bukusa ki- ; shi- ki-bukusa; shi-bukiisa
banana grove dal N'- ; mi- li'-nda; mi-nda
banana leaf ruu2 i-N'- ; ma-N'- i-n-ruu; ma-n-ruu
banana leaves covering the house all over, flatten wadal ; ma- ma-wade-n';
banana leaves of the banana stem (banana house)
banana leaves to cover a roof dawal i- ma- i-dawa; ma-dawa

banana produced from a plantation dal N'- ; mi- n'-nda; mi-nda
banana stem u zero- ; zero- mii-u; =sg

bunch of bananas (the whole bunch of bananas) ruu2 i- ni a- i-ruu; ma-ruu
cluster of bananas dingo ki- ; shi- ki-dingo; shi-dingo
leaf of banana stem dawal i- ma- i-dawa; ma-dawa

midrib of banana leaf chalaaru i- ma- i-chalaaru; ma-chalaaru
one type of banana sukari ki- ; shi- ki-sukari; shi-sukari
one type of cooking bananas konosi i- ma- i-konosi; ma-konosi
one type of cooking bananas taraasa ki- ; shi- ki-taraasa; shi-taraasa
one type of cooking bananas (hard banana) chaare N'- ; mi- n'-chaare; mi-ehaare
251
one type of cooking bananas (soft and biggest nanambo i- ; ma- i-nanambo; ma-nanambo
banana)
one type of cooking bananas (soft banana) lalyi i- ; ma- i-lalyl; ma-lalyi
part near the root of banana shiiri i- ; ma- i-shiiri; ma-shiiri
pith of banana stem unu i- ' ? yu-unu (< 1-unu ); ?
plantation banana ndishi zero- ; zero- -ndishi; =sg

ripe banana (fruit) kundu i- ; ma- i-kundu; ma-kundu
stalk of banana bunch tiringo i- ; ma- i-tiringo; ma-tiringo
unripe banana (fruit) mbwee zero- ; zero- -mbwee; =sg
yellow banana leaf kororo i- ; ma- i-kororo; ma-kororo
bank (of a river) no word;
baobab not exist;
bark (for dog to -) or'oda e- e -or'oda;
bark of a tree kandal i- ; ma- i-kanda; ma-kanda
barrel (big wooden -) manyara i- ; ma- 1-manyara; ma-manyara
barrel (wooden -) biba i- ; ma- 1-biba; ma-biba
barren animal luw'i u- ; ngyuu- li-luw'i; ngyuu-luw'i
barren woman umbal ki- ; shi- ki-umba; shi-umba
basin of a waterfall nr'uwa zero- ; zero- -nr'uwa; =sg

basket for carrying kabu ki- ; shi- ki-kabu; shi-kabu
basket for carrying, mat made of dried leaves of kucha N'- ; mi- n'-kucha; mi-kucha
banana stem
bat, butterfly tangalyima i- ; ma- i-tangalyima; ma-tangalyima
bathe (oneself) (to -) samba e- e-samba;
be (to -), become (to -) wa2 e- e-wa;
bead, necklace made by beads mbisa zero- ; zero- -mbisa; =sg

beak chimbo N'- ; mi- n' -chimbo; mi-chimbo
bean (a kind of-) soko zero- ; zero- -soko; =sg
bean (a kind of -) araki i- ; ma- i-araki; ma-araki
bear (a child) (for human beings) (to -) wona e- e-wona;
bear (for animals) (to -) shaa e- e-shaa;
born (for human being) (to be -) wona e- e-wonika;
born (for animal) (to be -) shao e- e-shao;
bear fruits (to -) tunga2 e- e-tunga;
bear fruits (to -), keep (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika;
bear (to -), endure (to -) wada2 e-ku- e-ku-wada;
beard ngerero zero- ; zero- -ngerero; =sg

beat (sth) (to -), beat <of the heart> (to -), hit (the target) kaba e- e-kaba;
(to -), win (to -)
beat a drum (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ngoma;
beat quickly (for the heart/somebody to -) kaba e- e-kaba ] ferefere;
beaten (to be -), hit (to be -), defeated (to be -) kaba e- e-kabo;
beat severely (to -) buula e- e-buiila;
beaten severely (to be -) buula e- e-buiilo;
beautiful woman cha2 N'- ; wari'-dunka ) n'-cha; wd-ka ]
wa-cha
because, reason why nyelyi -nyelyi;
bed tara ki- ; shi- ki-tara; shi-tara
bee (Kiwoso origin) chuki zero- ; zero- -chuki; =sg

252
bee (a kind of -), friend mbuya zero- ; zero- -mbuya; =sg
beehive (natural/artificial -) moodu zero- ; zero- -moodu / -moodu; =sg
bee-sting musha zero- ; zero- m'-musha o chuki; m'-musha ta
chuki
beetle r'ombocho i- ; ma- 1-r'ombocho; ma-r'ombocho
beg sth (to -), ask for sth (to -) ter'ewa e- e-ter'ewa;
beg pardon (to -) olokya e- e-olokya;
beggar taraw'ia zero- ; zero- taraw'ia; =sg

begin (to -), start (to -) wooka e- e-wooka;
begin one's work (to -) wooka e- e-wooka e-runda;

beginning, at the beginning ooka ku- ku-ooka;
behind numa -niima;
belch (generic) wuru i- ;

- i-wiiru;
belch (to -) wuru e-i- e-e-wuru (< e-i-wiiru );
belch after drinking milk (for a baby to -) ebechwo e- e-ebechwo;
believe (to -), know (to -) manyal e- e-manya;
bell (generic), cow bell manga N'- ; N' m'-manga; =sg

bellows fuwa N'- ; mi- m'-fuwa o ] gdnya; mi-fiiwa ya
ganya
belongings, wealth, property ndol ki- ; shi- ki-ndo; shi-ndo
below, down, under shimbai zero- shimbai;
belt (cloth) ruumu u- ; ngyuu- u-ruumu; ngyuu-ruumu
bend (to -), fold (to -) lemal e- e-lema;
bent (to become -) lemal e- e-lemo;
bent with age (to become -) lemal e- e-lemika;
bend over (to -) ongoma e- e-ongoma;
beside, around, at the side mbar'i-n' mb^r'i-n';
betrothal present kwe u- ; ngyuu- u-kwe; ngyuu-kwe
between idi ki-;- ki-idi kya;
bewitch (to -) loo2 e- e-loo;
beyond, somewhere beyond ko3 ko mbe;
bicycle basikeeli zero- ; zero- basikeeli; =sg

big (to be -) ng'ana e- e-ng'ana;
big dog ng'ana ki- ; shi- ki-te ki-ng'an-e; shi-te shing'ane
big person ng'ana N'- ; wari'-ndu a-ng'an-e; wa-ndu

wang'ane
bigness niini u- u-niini;
bile, gallbladder do u- ;
- u-do; =sg
bind (to -) funga e- e-funga ;
bind each other (to -) funga e- e-ku-fiinga;
bind for (sb) (to -) funga e- e-fungya;
bound (to -be) funga e- e-fungo;
bound (to -) maa e- e-maa e-fungo;

unbind (to -) funga e- e-fungwo;
bine to tie pillars and crosspieces in the wall, kowo i- ; ma- i-kowo; nia-kowo
bird (generic) ndeeye zero- ; zero- -ndeeye; =sg
bird (which is black and white with a long tail) isawumbe ki- ; shi- ki-isdwumbe; shi-isawumbe
bird which sings before rain nkandooko zero- ; zero- -nkandooko; =sg
young bird, chicken (generic) ran a ki- ; shi- ki-rana; shi-rana

253

pi)
birdlime aambo i- y-aambo;
bite (to -), sting (to -) amada e- e-amada;
bitter (to be -), painful (to be -) wawa e- e-wawa;
bitterness, pain wawa N'- (cl. 3) ;

- n'-wawo;
blackness wuu u- wuu (< u-uu ?);
black (to be -) fan a e- e-fana wuu;
black soil ter'i zero- ; zero- -ter'i ngyuu;
black stone wee2 i- ; ma- i-wee lyuu; ma-wee muu

blame (to -) kunung'una e-kunung'una;
blanket sulya i- ; ma- 1-sulya; ma-sulya
bleed (to -), rob (to -) soka e- e-soka;
bleed by cupping (to -) asa2 e- e-asa;
blood samu zero- ; zero- -samu; =sg
blind (to become -) r'umba e- e-r'umbia;
blind person (generic) ndu N'- ; wari'-ndu afiye miso; wa-ndu wafiye
miso
blind person (generic) ndu N'- ; wari'-ndu ar'umbie; w3-ndu

war'umbie
blister after sitting near the fire too long mbala2 zero- ; zero- -mbala; =sg
bloom (to -) waa e- e-waa;
alow (to -), blow with mouth (to -) w'iw'ika e- e-w'iw'ika;
blown away (to be -) w'iw'ika e- e-w'iw'ito;
blow one's nose (to -) wuta e- e-wuta ichoma; e-wuta machoma

blow with one's mouth (to -), steal from sb (to -) ew'ia e- e-ew'ia;
blueblue buluu zero- ; zero- buluu;
joard, timber bao u- ; N'- u-bao; m'-bao, shi-bao
aoard (a bus), go (on bus), go up (to -) (generic) shaama e- e-shaama;
sody mbii2 N'- ; mi- m'-mbii; mi-mbii
x>il over (to -) vi busuka e- e-busiika;
Doil something (to -) kora e- e-kora ] kindo;
boil water (to -) kora e- e-kora ) miida;
boiled up, ready for (the food) (to become -), burnt sha2 e- e-sha;
(to be -)
xme (of human being/animal/fish) fwo, fuo i- ; ma- i-fwo, i-fuo; ma-fwo, ma-fuo
rone marrow muungol zero- ; zero- -muungo; =sg
rook tabu ki- ; shi- ki-tabu ; shi-tabu
x>rder on (to -), share a border (to -) sumanal e- e-sumana;
rorrow money/sth (to -) akua e- e-akuo;
rorrow a bull (for mating) (to -), borrow sth (to -) ter'ewa e- e-ter'ewa;
xrttle chuba zero- ; zero- -chuba; =sg

xrttom, inside bottom, down shimbai zero- shimbai; =sg
roundary dasa N'- ; mi- n'-dasa; mi-n'-dasa
row shu u- ; ngyuu- u-shu; ngyuu-sha
rowl (traditional -) deewal ki- ; shi- ki-deewa; shi-deewa
rowstring ruul u- ; ngyuu- u-ruu lo ushu; ngyuu-ruu ta ushu
)0X bokisi i- ; ma- i-bokisi; ma-bokisi
oy na3 mo- ; wa- mu-na o womi; wa-na wa womi

tracelet (generic) bangili zero- ; zero- bangili; =sg
bracelet (made from copper) (kiwoso origin) ambo i- ; ma- y-ambo; ma-ambo
254

pi)
braid the hair (to -), plait the hair (to -) suka2 e- 6-suka mbii;
undo (the hair) (to -) fumuo e- e-fumuo mbii;
brain rongo u- ; ngyuu- u-rongo; ngyuu-rongo
branch (of a tree), Phoenix reclinata (a kind of wild taw'i i- ; ma- i-tawT; ma-tawT
palm)
brave (to be -), dare (to -) karia e- e-karya / i-karia;
bread kate N'- ; mi- n'-kate; ml-kate
break (to -) bara e- e-bara;
break into pieces (to -), vi barika e- e- barika;
break (to -), snap (to -) doota e- e-doota;
break a house (to -), destroy (to -) doota m'-ba e- e-do6ta ] m'-ba;
break off a banana (from the bunch, with hands) (to doota e- e-doota kidingo;
-)
break one's promise (to -) doota kiasa e- e-doota kiasa;
broken off naturally <for a banana> (to be -), doota e- e-dooto;

broken (to be -), snapped (to be -)
broken (to be already -), snapped (to be already -) doota e- e-dooka;
break off a banana (from the bunch with a hook) (to racha e- e-racha kidingo;
-)
break wind (to -), let out gas (to -) ar'aka e- e-ar'cika;
broken into pieces (to become -) sanika e- e-sanika-sanika;
breast w'eel i- ; ma- i-w'ee; ma-w'ee

breast (to -), give the breast to a child (to -) ininga e- e-enlnga iwee;
breathe (to -) emuya e- e-emuya;
breathe quickly (to -) emuya e- e-emiiya ferefere;
breath muyal i- ;
- i-muya;
breathe in (to -), inhale (to -), omwo e- e-omwo;

breathe out (to -), exhale (to -) wuta e- e-wuta hewa;
brew (to -), help to put (to -), send (sb) (to -), deliver (to dika e- e-dika;
-)
brick (not produced in this area) tufari i- ; ma- i-tufari; ma-tufari
bride molyi zero- ; zero- -molyi; wa-molyi
bridegroom no word;
bridge tara ki- ; shi- kl-tara; shi-tara
bring (to -) ende e- e-ende;
bring something (to -) ende e- e-ende ] kindo;
bring domestic animals to meadow for grazing (to -) isa e- e-isa / e-isa;
bring up (children) (to -) ng'ana e- e-ng'anisa;
broom, indoor broom, outdoor broom sasil u- ; ngyuu- u-sasl; ngyuu-sasl
broth, side dish of mush (generic) subu zero- ; zero- -subu;
broth with fresh blood susio ki- ; shi- ki-susio; shi-susio
brother
elder brother/sister/person, senior person waw'ee zero- ; wa- waw'ee; wa-waw'ee

my elder brother/sister wawaaye zero- ; zero- -wawaaya-ako; -wawaaye-wako
his elder brother/sister wawaaye zero- ; wa- -waawaya-akwe;
-wawaaye-wakwe
elder brother (used by younger sisters) sacha N'- ; wa- n'-sacha; wa-sacha
elder brother/person (used by younger brothers/elder wawaaye zero- ; wa- -wawaaye; wa-wawaaye,
sisters), senior person wa-wawee
younger brother; my younger brother/sister na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na-waako; wa-na-waako
255

pi)
his younger brother/sister na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na-waakwe; wa-na-waakwe
younger brother/sister/person, junior person nyidu mu- ; wa- mu-nyidu; wa-nyidG
younger brother/sister (used by elder na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na waakwe; wa-na waakwe
siblings/younger siblings), junior person
brother-in-law, sister-in-law war'isinda zero- ; zero- -war'isinda; =sg
brownish clay tala zero- ; zero- -tala;
brush one's teeth (to -) singa2 e- e-singa mayoo;
bubble up (to -) (vi) fuluya e- e-fuliiya;
bucket ndoo2 zero- ; zero- -ndoo; =sg
bud, twig otea i- ; ma- i-otea; m^-otea
buffalo mboo zero- ; zero- -mboo; =sg
build (to -), castrate (to -), make (to -) tana e- e-tana;
build a bridge (to -) tana e- e-tana ilalo;
bulbul?(akindofbirds) kolow'iri i- ; ma- i-kolow'iri; ma-kolow'iri
bullet (<Sw?) r'isao i- ; ma- i-r'isao; ma-r'isao
bump (against sth) (to -) kaba e-ku- e-ku-kiba;
bunch of bananas (the whole bunch of bananas) ruu2 i- ; ma- i-ruu; ma-rufl
bundle (to make a -) alya e- e-alya;
burn (to -), (vi) sha2 e- e-sha;
burnt (to be -), boiled up (to become -) sha2 e- e-sha;
burn (sth) (to -) vt. kora e- e-kora;
burn (sth) (to -) kora e- e-kora 1 kindo;
burn rubbish (to -) kora e- e-kora mudo;
burst open (to -) barika e- e-barika;
bury (generic) (to -), bury (a dead person) (to -), hide (a rika2 e- e-rika;
secret) (to -)
bury (to -) shikya e- e-shikya;
bus (<Sw?) basii i- ; ma- i-basFi (<Eng); ma-basfi

bush, uncultivated land ngara zero- ; zero- -ngara;
bush, uncultivated land ngaracho zero- ; zero- -ngaracho (= ngara);
bush pig nguw'e zero- ; zero- -nguw'e ya ngare-n'; -nguw'e ta

ngare-n
bushbuck pongo zero-, zero- -pongo; =sg

bush-knife bangal u- ; ngyoo- u-banga; ngyoo-banga
but lyo lyo;
butter (lit. oil of udder) fuda - ; ma- ma-fuda a iw'ee;

make butter (to -) sika e- e-sika malela;
butterfly, bat tangalyima i- ; ma- i-tangalyima; ma-tangalyima
buttock, anus saal ki- ; shi- ki-saa; shi-saa
buy (to -) wura e- e-wura;
C
calabash (plant), calabash bottle, nduw'i zero- ; zero- -nduw'i; =sg
calabash plant w'ungu u- ; ngyoo- li-w'ungu; ngyoo-w'ungu
;alfofthe leg taanr'i N'- ; mi- n'-taanr'i; mi-taanr'i
call (to -) waanga e- e-waanga;

call loudly (a distant person) (to -) waanga e- e-waanga mun'nu;
-aim place ndo2 a- ; ku- a-ndo kwoiye ) sau; kii-ndo
kwoiye sdu ]
canal, irrigation, irrigation stream fongo N'- ; mi- n '-fongo; mi-fongo

256

pi)
canoe no word;
cap tungal ki- ; shi- ki-tunga; shi-tunga
captive mateka zero- ; zero- -mateka; =sg
car kari3 i- ; ma- 1-kari ; ma-kari
care of (to take -), look at (to -) n'la e- e-n'la;
carnivore, carnivorous wild animal fisi i- ; ma- i-fisl; ma-fisl
carry (to -) dika e- e-ku-dika;
carry (sth) on one's back (to -) dika e- e-ku-dika mungo-n';
carry (sth) on one's head (to -) dika e- e-ku-dika n'-dwe-n';
carry (sth) on a pole (to -) no custom;
carry a baby (to -), pain (to feel -) wawa e- e-wawa;
carry a baby (on the back) (to -) wawa e- e-wawa mungo-n';

carry a baby (on the hip) (to -) wawa e- e-wawa uwari-n';
carry away (to -), take away (to -) kamada e- e-kamada;
carrying pole not used not used;
carrying sack, jute bag kunyia i- ; ma- 1-kunyia; md-kunyia
cassava, manioc muoko zero- ; zero- -muoko; =sg
cast one's skin (to -) owoka e- e-owoka;
castor-oil plant, castor-oil mbarika zero- ; zero- -mbarika; =sg

castor-oil bean ndara zero- ; zero- -ndara ya mbarika; -nd3ra ta
mbarika
castrate (to -), build (to -), make (to -) tana e- e-tana;
cat baka zero- -baka; =sg

catch (to -), get (to -), hold (to -), possess (to -), seize (to wada2 e- e-wada;
-)
catch (an enemy, animals) (to -) wada2 e- e-wada;
catch a ball (to -) wada2 e- e-wada;
catch cold (to -) wada2 e- e-wado na machoma (> ewado n
machoma);
caught (to be -) wada2 e- e-wado;
catch fire (to -) sha2 e- e-sha;
catch hold (fruits) with a hook (to -), pick fruits with racha e- e-racha na iroko;
a hooked knife (to -)
catch up sb (to -), come up with (sb) (to -) kooya2 e- e-kooya;
caterpillar, hairy caterpillar, maggot kurul i- ; ma- i-kuru; ma-kuru
cattle umbe zero- ; zero- -umbe; =sg
cattle (colloquial) mbumbe zero- ; zero- -mbumbe; =sg

bull, uncastrated male cattle chau zero- ; zero- -ch2u; =sg
bullock, castrated male cattle, ox nguleta zero- ; zero- -nguleta; =sg
adult female cattle ngoro zero- ; zero- -ngoro; =sg
female cattle that bore a calf muuma zero- ; zero- -muuma; =sg
female young cattle that has not borne a calf tao zero- ; zero- tao; =sg
young cattle (male/female -) ngache ki- ; shi- ki-ngache / -ngache; shi-ngache /
-ngache
young cattle (male/female -) ngache zero- ; zero- -ngache; =sg
young domestic animal (goat/sheep/cattle/ etc.), ndeena zero- ; zero- -ndeena; =sg
livestock (generic)
sterile cow luw'i u- ; ngyuu- u-luw'i; ngyuu-luw'i
cattle basin la, le-n' N'- n'-la / n'-le-n';
cattle pen sirie N'- ; mi- n'-sirie o umbe; mi-sirie o umbe

257
cause tewo ki- ; shi- ki-tewo; shi-tewo
cave ndeshe zero- ; zero- -ndeshe; =sg
cave (small -), hollow, fork on a road mbako zero- ; zero- -mbako; =sg
ceiling kai zero- ; zero- -kai;
centre, middle idi ki-;- ki-ldi;
chaff, husk (generic) pumba zero-, zero- -pumba;
chaff, husk pumba zero-, zero- -pumba ta n'chele;
chair, stool di2 ki- ; shi- ki-di; shi-di
chameleon afuye ki- ; shi- ky-afuye; sha-afuye
change (to -), exchange (to -), replace (to -) alacha e- e-alacha;
change (to -) alacha e- e-alachika;
change colour (to -) (vt) alacha e- e-alachika fana;
character, letter r'ufi e- e-r'ufi; =sg

charcoal, ember kaa2 i- ; ma- i-kaa; ma-kaa
chase (to -), run after (to -) dicha e- e-dichia;
chase away (to -), drive away (chickens from a dicha e- e-dichira;
room) (to -)
chase to catch (to -) dicha e- e-dichlra;
chase (to -), dismiss (to -), sack (to -) r'angata e- e-r'angata;
cheap (to be -) tura e- e-tura uuru;
cheat (to -), deceive (to -), tell a lie (to -) lemba e- e-lemba;
cheek nguchu zero- ; zero- -nguchu; =sg

cheetah (not exist in this area) no word;
chest mbafu zero- ; zero- -mbafu; =sg
chew (to -) dafuna e- e-dafiina;
chief mangi zero- ; wa- -mangi; wd-mangi
chiefs homestead mangi zero- ; wako-mangi;
child na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na / mu-na; wa-na
chin eri ki- ; shi- kye-eri, kye-er'i; she-eri
chisel patasi zero-, zero- -patasi; =sg

:hoke (to -) fumba e- e-fumba;
:hoose (to -), select (to -) sambwo3 e- e-sambwo (= e-sambura ):
choose (to -), select (to -) sambura e- e-sambura ( = e-sambuo );
choosen (to be -), selected (to be -) sambura e- e-samburo;
:hop (to -), cut (to -), chopped (to be -), consensus (to dum'bwo e- e-duni'bwo;
each a -)
chopped (to be -) (pass) dum'bwo e- e-duni'bwo;
chop with a knife (to -), cut with a knife (to -) w'yaa e- e-w'yaa;
:hurch kanisa zero- ; ma- -kanisa; ma-kanisa
:ircumcise (to -) dinal e- e-dina;
circumcised (to be -) dinal e- e-dino;
circumcision not found;
circumcision ceremony not found;
;ivet barol zero- ; ma- -baro; ma-baro

:lan (no totem) muri zero- ; zero- -muri; =sg
name of a clan Mboyo zero- ; zero- -mboyo;
name of a clan Mboro zero- ; zero- -mboro;
Map kofi u- ; N'- u-kofi; n'-gofi
258
clap hands (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ) mawoko;

claw ala3 u- ; ngy- u-(w)ala; ngy-ala
clay for pottery tala zero- ; zero- tala ya ) niingu;
clean (for water) (to become -) wadama e- e-wad^ma;

clean (the room) (to -) samba e- e-sambia;
clean room ba N'- ; N'- m'-ba ] lingiili; m'-ba ] tilngiili
clean with brush (to -) singa2 e- e-singa;
clear (bush) (to -) duuna e- e-duiina;
clear up (to -), clear and become less humid (to -) aduka e- e-aduka;
clear day, fine day ukwadusu ku- ku-ukwadusu / ku-ukwadusu;
clever (to be -) ranguya e- e-rangwo;
cleverer (to be -) ranguya e- e-ranguya;
cliff wanga u- ; ngyuu- u-wanga; nguu-wanga
in a valley (lit. in cliff) wanga u- u-wange-n';
climb (a mountain) (to -), climb up (to -), come up (for aluka e- e-aluka;
the sun) (to -), raise (to -), go up (to -)
climb (to -), go up (to -), go (on bus), board (a bus) shaama e- e-sha^ma;
(generic)
climb down (from a mountain/cliff) (to -) shoka e- e-shoka;
climb down (from mountain) (to -), drop (to -), go oloka e- e-oloka;
down (a river) (to -) (vi)
close (the door) (to -), shut (to -) w'iiria e- e-w'iiria;
close (to -), lock (to -) shinga e- e-shinga;
close (to ), obstruct (to -), disturb (to -) shinga e- e-shingla;
close a cattle pen (to -) shinga e- e-shingia ] umbe;
close eyes (to -), shut eyes (to -) r'umba e- e-r'umba;
close wings (to -) sanda e- e-sandia makongo;
cloth tambaa ki- ; shi- ki-tambaa; shi-tambaa
clothe (sb), put (to -), keep (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika;
clothe (sb) (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika ] ri'-gwo;
clothes gwo, guo N'- ; N'- ri'-gwo / ri'-guo; =sg

clothes, skin (kiwoso origin) choni zero- ; zero- -choni; =sg
traditional clothes for women rinda i- ; ma- 1-rinda; ma-rinda
underwear of women kamisi zero- ; zero- -kamisi; =sg

old clothes torn ngocha zero- ; zero- -ngocha; =sg
cloud fichi i- ; ma- 1-fichi; ma-fichi
cloudy (to be -) shimba e- e-shimba;
cluster of bananas dingo ki- ; shi- ki-dingo; shi-dingo
cobweb ba N'- ; NT- m'-ba ya isangu;
cockroach niche zero- ; zero- niche; =sg

coconut (introduced) nasi zero- ; zero- -ndsi ;
coffee, coffee nut, coffee plant kaawa zero- ; zero- kaawa;
coffee nut ndara zero- ; zero- -ndara ya kaawa; -nda>a ta kaaw
ripe coffee nuts ndara zero- ; zero- -ndara tingiwiri;
unripe coffee nuts ndara zero- ; zero- -ndara tingiwishii;
coil itself up (to -), coil (to be in a -) ososa e- e-os6sa;
coil (round sth) (to -), coil itself up (to -), coil (to be koosia e- e-koosia;
in a -)
;
259
:old (for milk etc.) (to become -) delela e- e-delela;
cold milk delela - ; ma- ma-lela aadelelaa;
It is cold. ku-ufo ku- kii-ufo m'-byoo;
coldness byoo zero- ; zero- -mbyoo;
;old (lit. nasal mucus) choma - ; ma- no sg; ma-choma

collect together (vi) (to -) sanya e- e-sanya;
collect (to -) sung'ania, e- e-sung'ania / e-sung'an

sung'anya
;olour (to bear a -) fana e- e-fana;
colour fan a zero- ; zero- fana;
;omb (to -) chana e- e-chana;
comb (generic) chana zero- ; zero- -chana; =sg

;ome (to -), arrive (to -) chal e- e-cha;
come from (somewhere) (to -), come out (for sth uka e- e-uka;
poked in) (to -)
come home from work (to -) uyabo e- e-uya bo;
come from (to -), get out (to -) somuka e- e-somuka;
come out (of bud) (to -) chanwo e- e-chanwo;
come out <of a plant>, germinate (to -) mya e- e-mya;
come out of the water (to -), come from (to -) wuka e- e-wuka;
come out of the water (to -) wuka e- e-wuka mude-n';

come to an agreement (to -) patana e- e-patana ;
come to an end (to -), finish (to -) (vi) sya e- e-sya;
come to oneself (to -) ruka e- e-ruka;
come up (for the sun) (to -), raise (to -), go up (to -) aluka e- e-aluka;
come up with (sb) (to -), catch up sb (to -) kooya2 e- e-kooya;
;ommand (to -), order (to -) amurisha e- e-amurisha, e-amurisha
:ompact (to -), compress (to -) sinda2 e- e-sinda;
;ompare (to -), make change materials the same size (to ananisya e- e-ananisya;
), level (to -)
:ompensate (to -) fujyo e- e-fujyo;
:omplain (to -) nunuya e- e-nuniiya;
:ompletely sau sau;
impress (to -), compact (to -), press sth to make it sinda2 e- e-sinda;
mailer (to -)
:onnect (to -), join (to -) lunga e- e-lunga;
connect sticks (to -) iunga e- e-lunga ] shldi;
connect strings (to -) lunga e- e-lunga nr'uu;
onsensus (to reach a -), chop (to -), cut (to -) dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo;
:onsider (to -) sara e- e-ku-sara;
;onsult (to -) ter'ewa e- e-ter'ewa ushaur'i ;
ontainer for feeding livestock ori mo-, mu- mo-ori / mw-6ri; mi-ori
mi-
ontinue (to -) endelea e- e-endelea;
continue one's work (to -) endelea e- e-endelea na kirundio;

ontinuous rain sie ki- ; shi- ki-sie; shi-sie
ontradict (to -), oppose to (to -), disagree (to -) leya e- e-leya;
ook (to -) (generic), foment (to -) kora e- e-kora;
cook for sb (to -), weld (to -) kora e- e-korya;

260
cook (mush) (to -), mix (sth) (to -), stir with a stirring rya2 e-rya;
rod (to -)
cook mush (to -) rya2 e- e-rya ukari;
cooked (to become well -) sha2 e- e-sha;
cooking place, kitchen r'uko-n' zero- ; ma- -r'uko-n'; ma-r'uko-n'
cooking pot nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu ye-koria; nungu te-koria
cooking-stone shia2 i- ; ma- i-shia; ma-shia
cool down (to -) fool e- e-foo;
copulate (for animal to -) or'ia e- e-or'ia;
corn (on a hand, on a foot) waril, ware i- ; ma- i-wari / i-ware; ma-wan /
ma-ware
corn, maize, maize plant, maize grain emba2 i- ; ma- e-emba (< i-emba); me-emba
corner kona zero- ; zero- -kona; =sg
corpse, dead person fo2 N'- ; wa- n'-fu; wa-fu
corpse (lit. man who is dead) ndu N'- ; wa- n'-ndu n'-fu; wa-ndu wa-fu
cotton (not exist) paamba zero-, zero- paamba;
cough (to -) koowo e- e-koowo;
cough koowo u- u-koowo;
count (to -) ekena e- e-ekna;
country, world r'ika u- ; ngyuu- u-r'ika; ngyuu-r'ika, nyuu-r'ika
cousin (son of father's elder brother) na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na wo ndeeyako n'-niini;
wa-na wa ndeeyako n'-niini
cousin (son of father's younger brother) na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na wo ndeeyako n'-tu; wa-n
wa ndeeyako n'-tu
cousin (daughter of father's elder brother) na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na wo ndeeyako n'-tu; wa-n
wa ndeeyako n'-tu
cousin (son/daughter of father's sister) olooya zero- ; zero- -olooya; w-olooya
cousin (son/daughter of mother's brother) olooya zero- ; zero- -olooya; wa-olo6ya
cover (to -), fill a hole (to -) shikya e- e-shikya;
cover oneself (with something) (to -) shikya e-ku- e-ku-shikya;
cover with the lid (to -), shut (to -) singal e- e-singa;
cow bell, bell (generic) manga N'- ; N' m'-manga; =sg

co-wife (lit. small wife) ka N'- ; wa- n'-ka-n'-tu ; wa-ka-wa-ntu
cowry ngoho zero- ; zero- -ngocho; =sg
crab ngala zero- ; zero- -ngala; =sg

crack (to -), split (to -) bara e- e-bara;
cracked (to become -) barika e- e-barika;
crack (on wall, egg shell, etc. to get a -). nosebleed asika e- e-asika;
(to have a -)
crack on the foot anga i- ; ma- 1-anga; m^-anga

crawl (for a snake/vine/baby) (to -) r'ufuka e- e-r'ufuka;
crazy/mad/insane (to become -) suko 6-suko;
crazy person, mad person suko N'- ; wa- n'-suko; wd-suko
Creator, sun, God ruwal zero- ;

- ruwa;
creep (for baby to -) afuo e-afiio;
crest mundu ki- ; shi- kl-mundu; shl-mundu
cricket chichiir'i zero- ; zero- -chichiir'i; =sg

crippled person lemal ki- ; shi- ki-lema / ki-lema; shi-lema /
shi-lema
cross (a road/river) (to -) tola e- e-tola ;

261
cross (a river) (to -), jump over (a river) (to -) tola e- e-tola ] muda;
cross (a river) (to -) ruuka e- e-ruuka;
cross a river on foot (to -) foyia e- e-foyia;
cross (to -) dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo;
cross a road (to -) dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo chia;
crossing point of a river ruuko zero- ; ma- -riiuko; ma-ruuko
crossing point of a river, gutter of irrigation stream (made lalo i- ; ma- 1-lalo; ma-lalo
of woods), , log bridge
crosspieces to be interlaced with pillars in the wall of a ndingo u- ; zero- u-ndingo; -ndingo
traditional conical house
crossroad kuana i- ; ma- i-kuanu; ma-kuanu

'
crouch (to -) damia e- e-damia kideudeu;
crow kuru-kuru i- ; ma- i-kuru-kuru; ma-kurukuru
crow (to -), speak (to -) deda2 e- e-deda;
crowded (to be -) wumbya e-ku- e-ku-wiimbya;
cry (to -) fiira e- e-fiira;
cudgel mbiidi zero- ; zero- -mbiidi; =sg
cultivate (to -) (generic) dema e- e-dema;
cup kombe ki- ; shi- ki-kombe; shi-kombe
cure (to -), survive (to -) kira e-kira;
cured (to be/become -), well (to get -) kira e-kiro;
curse foo2 zero- ; zero- -foo;
curse (to -) da2 e- e-da foo;
curse (to -), lay a curse jpon sb (to -)

i kaba e- e-kaba nungu;
curve (to -), shave wood (to -), work wood (to -) bacha e- e-bacha;
cut (to -) manya2 e- e-manya;
cut down (a tree) (to -) manya2 e- e-manya n'-ji;
cut off branches (to -) arawo e- e-ardwo mataw'i;
cut open the belly (to -) bara e- e-bara ndeu;
cut (to -), chop (to -), chopped (to be -), consensus dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo;
(to reach a -)
cut (paper) (to -) dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo kar'itasi;
cut the throat (to -) dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo singo;
cut into pieces (to -) dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo-dum'bwo;

cut off (to -), make two slits with a knife under each racha e- e-racha;
eye (to -), slash (to -),
1 . cut (to -), cut the hair (to -), mow (to -), 2. dislodge wuta e-wuta;
(something jammed) (to -), remove (to -), uproot (to
cut (to -), mow grass (to -) wuta e- e-wuta maare;

cut the hair (to -), shave (to -) wuta e- e-wuta n'-dwe;
cut with a knife (to -), chop with a knife (to -) w'yaa e- e-w'yaa;
cut with a knife (to -) (generic), take a millet-head w'yaa e- e-w'ya umbi;
with a knife "kinro" from the plant (to -)
cut (meat) into pieces (to -), slice (to -) w'yaa e- e-w'yad-w'yaa;
D
dam (artificial -) ruwa2 zero- ; ma- -niwa; ma-ruwa
damp with condensation (to be -), perspire (to -) chichina e- e-chichina;
dance (to -) fina e- e-fina;
dance (N) mbasa zero- ; zero- -mbasa; =sg

262
dandruff mbalal zero- ; zero- -mbala; =sg
dangerous (to be -) owuo e- e-owosha;
dangerous bridge lalo i- ; ma- i-lalo lyichoowoshaa; ma-lalo

achoowoshaa
danger atari zero- ; zero- atari;
dangle (to -) kumasa e- e-kumasa;
dare (to -), brave (to be -) karia e- e-karya / i-karia;
daring dog te ki- ; shi- ki-te kikall; shi-te shikall
dark (to get -) ela2 e- e-ela;
darkness reema zero- -reema;
date taree zero- ; zero- taree;
daub soil on the wall, plaster (to -) kandika e- e-kandika;
daughter ful N'- ; wa- m'-fu; wa-efu (> we-efu)

daughter (lit. child of female) na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na o waka / mona a waka
wa-na wa waka
daughter-in-law ka N'- n'-ka a mona (- n'-ka o mona >

n'-ko o mona) ;
dawn ngama zero -ngama;
dawn (to -), grow light in the east (to -) kya2 e- e-kya;
dawn (to -), go up (for the sun) (to -), wake up (to -) kurie e- e-kurie;
day konu N'-; mi- n'-konu; mi-konu
day suku2 zero- ; zero- -suku; =sg

today nul i-nu / e-nu;
tomorrow desi desi;
the day after tomorrow lau lau;
the day before yesterday cho i- i-cho;
daylight, sunlight mbari zes -mbari;
daytime (against night), afternoon, noon saniini u- ;

- u-saniini;
dead person, corpse fo2 N'-; wa- n'-fu; wa-fu
dead person (sg), way of water <after the rain> fu3 N'-; N'- n'-fu;
deaf (to become -) fo2 e- e-fo madu;

deaf person fo2 N'- ; wa- m'-fo madu wa-fo madu ;
deal sth well (to -), succeed (to -) idima e- e-idima;
debt site zero- ; zero- -sile;
deceive (to -), tell a lie (to -), cheat (to -) lemba e- e-lemba;
December ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o ikumi na kabi;
decorate (a room) (to -) pamba e- e-pamba;

decrease (to -), few (to become -) doma e- e-doma;
deduct (to -) dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo;

deep (to be -), long (to be -), high (to be -) leeya e- e-leeya;
deep cave leeya zero- ; zero- -ndeshe ileeya; -ndeshe tileeye
deep place in the river, pond ruwa2 zero- ; ma- -ruwa; ma-ruwa
defeated (to be -), beaten (to be -) kaba e- e-kabo;
defeated in a war (to be -), lose a war (to -) Iema2 e- e-lemo ) fida;
defecate (to -) faka e- e-faka;
defend (to -), protect (to -) r'inga e- e-r'inga;
deliver (to -) fita e- e-fita;
deliver a letter (to -), send a letter (by post) dika e- e-dika ] baruo;
263

pi)
deliver (to -), brew (to -), help to put (to -), send (by dika e-dika;
post) (to -), send (sb) (to -)
deliver (to -), send (sth) (to -), marry (for man to -) doo e- e-doo;
it of a outside bottom, buttock saal ki-; shi - ki-saa; shi-saa
ny (to -) ema e- e-ema;
deny (to -), refuse (to -) ema e- e-ema (< e-ima);
pth, length, weight esha kiki-esho;
depth esha kiki-esho ke olokya;
depth, height, length r'efu u- u-r'efu;
>k, table mesa zero - ; zero- -mesa;
stroy (to -), break a house (to -) doota m'-ba e- e-doota ] m'-ba;
tain (to -) funga e- e-funga ;
vil, spirits of ancestors warimu zero zero- -warimu; =sg
devil sprit which lives in a waterfall nr'uwa zero zero- -nr'uwa; =sg
w chu N'-; mi n'-chu; mi-chu
irrhea; have diarrhea (to -), have loose bowels (to -) endesha e- e-endesha;
: (to -) fo2 e- e-fo;
death fo2 u- u-fu;
Terence, strangeness, strange manner ngata zero - ; zero- -ngata;
different thing ngata kiki-ndo kya ngata ] ingi;
different (to be -), stay (to -) kaal e- e-kaa;
Ticult (to be -) oma2 e- e-oma (> yo-oma / yu-uma );
difficult (to be too -) oma2 e- e-oma ] ri'-nu (> y-uuma n'-nu);
difficult (to be too -) oma2 e- e-oma ] den' (> y-uuma ] den');
difficult work runda ki-; shi ki-rundio kyuumu; shi-rundio

shuumu
difficult work runda ki- ; shi- ki-rundio klikyuumu; shi-rundio
shilshuumu
> out (e.g., potatoes) (to -), disinter (to -) suma e- e-suma;
dig a hole in the ground (to -) suma e- e-suma ] rlna;
dig out (to -), disinter (to -) lukuo e- e-lukuo;
dig up the soil (to -) kechuo e- e-kechuo;
j (to -), soak (to -) r'iw'ika e- e-r'iw'ika;
ection to (swh) taar'i zero- ; zero- -taaVi; =sg

ty (to become -) chafuka e- e-chafuka;
dirty room ba N'- ;N'- m'-ba j iingi chafu; m'-ba ) tiingi

chafu
dirty sands sanga N'- ;- n'-sanga afie;
dirt (on the body) r'icha ki- ;shi- ki-r'icha; shi-r'icha
sagree (to -), contradict (to -), oppose to (to -) leya e- e-leya;
appear (to -), lost to sight (to -) deka e- e-dekia;
scuss (to -), dispute (to -) deda2 e- e-deda ] mboni;

>h up (to -), draw (to -), take out food from the pot (to daa2 e- e-daa;
întegrated (to become -) sanika e- e-sanika;
sinter (to -), dig out (to -) suma e- e-suma;

disinter (to -), dig out (to -) lukuo e- e-lukuo;
;like (to -) swo e- e-swo;

slocation rishi i- ma- 1-rishi; ma-risha
;
264
dislocated (to be -) wona e- e-wona irishi;
dislodge (something jammed) (to -), take out (to -), wuta e- e-wuta;
remove (to -), uproot (to -), cut the hair (to -)
dismiss (to -), sack (to -), chase (to -) r'angata e- e-r'angata;
disperse (to -) raraka e- e-raraka;
dispute (to -), argue (to -) wada2 e- e-wada moondu;
dispute (to -), discuss (to -) deda2 e- e-deda J

mboni;
dispute, cheek moondu zero- ; zero- -moondu; =sg
distant place, far, far place acha ku- kii-acha;
distant place aro ki- ; shi- kl-aro-n'; sh^-aro-n'
disturb (to -), close (to ), obstruct (to -) shinga e- e-shingia;
disturb (to -), obstruct (to -) shinga e- e-shingia ] chla;
disturb (to -), obstruct (to -), late (to be -) kaal e- e-kaa ] chia;
dive (N) kuru2 N'- ; mi- n'-kuru; mi-kuru
dive (to -), jump into water (to -) kuru2 e- e-kaba ] n'-kuru;
divide (to -) awa e- e-awa;
divide (to -), tear off a small portion from sth (to -) bara e- e-bara;
divine (to -), foretell (to -) lashia e- e-lashia;
divorce (for man/woman to -) lakana e- e-lakana;
divorce (for woman) (to -), come out (to -) wuka e- e-wuka;
do, make (to -) wuta e- e-wuta;
do sth on sb (to -), make sth on sb (to -) wuta e- e-wutla;
do/speak carelessly (to -), babble (to -) deda2 e- e-deda w'er'esha;
done (to be -), made (to be -) wuta e- e-wuto;
done for sb (to be -), made for sb (to be -) wuta e- e-wutio;
doctor, medicine man kanga N'- ; wa- n'-kanga; w^-kanga
dog te ki- ; shi- ki-te; shi-te
domesticate (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ikia;
domestic animal, livestock ndeena zero- ; zero- -ndeena; =sg
donkey (no donkey in the area) ongo ki- ; shi- ki-ongo; shi-ongo
door muungo2 zero- ; zero- -muungo; =sg
door step, on the back mungo zero- -mungo-n';
doubt shaka - ; ma- ma-shaka;
doubt (to -) wada2 e- e-wada mashaka;

down, floor, ground, bottom, inside bottom, under, below shimbai zero- shimbai; =sg
down, mourning dembo zero- ; ma- -dembo; ma-dembo
downstream (to go -) oloka e- e-oloka na ] muda;

dragonfly mambikya zero- ; zero- -mambikya; =sg
draw (a picture/line) (to -) tarwo e- e-tarwo;
draw a picture (to -) chor'a e- e-chor'a picha;
draw (to -) r'ufuka e- e-r'ufuta;
draw (water) (to -) daa2 e- e-da^ 1 miida;
draw an irrigation canal (to -), turn over (to make sth -) aluo e- e-aluo;
dream (to -) ojya e- e-ojya;
dream ojya - ; ma- ma-ojyo;
dried leaves of plants sao i- ; ma- i-sao; ma-sao

drill (to -), plant (maize) (to -) waakya e- e-waakya;
drink (to -), hit sb by a head (to -) nal e- e-na;
;;
265
drink honey (to -) nal e- e-na uki;
drink together (to -) nal e- e-na kimwi;
drunk (to be - by sb), hit by a head (to be - by sb) nal e- e-nyo;

(pass)
drink by force (to make sb -) rita e- e-rita;
drunk (to be -) nango e- e-nango;
drunk (to get -) nango e- e-nango;
ip (to -) chochoka e- e-choch6ka;
ive (a car) (to -), steer (to -) endesha e- e-endesha ;
ive (somebody) out (to -) r'angata e- e-r'angata;
drive out (animals) (to -), startle (animals) (to -) bufuta e- e-bufuta;
drive away (chickens from a room) (to -), chase dicha e- e-dichma;
away (to -)
drive a nail/chisel in (to -) kaba e- e-kabia;
roop (to -), loose firmness (to -) naa e- e-naa;
rop (N) dachi i- ma- i-dachl; ma-dachl
rop (vi) (to -), fall down (to -), go down (a river) (to -), oloka e- e-oloka;
imb down (from mountain) (to -)
drop (vt) (to -) olota e- e-olota;
drop to (to -), set (for the sun) (to -), sink (to -) oloka e- e-olokia;
rum (no drums in this area) ("ngoma" (<Sw) is used) no word;

ry up (for laundry/land to -), wither (to -), dry and hard omal e- e-oma;
o become -), unconscious (to become -)
dry clothes gwo, guo N'- ;N'- ri'-gwo (i)ngyuumu; n'-gwo

tilngyuumu
dry (meat) (to -) aduta e-aduta;
dry (sth over fire) (to -) anika e- e-anlka ] mudo-n';
dry season rangita ki- ; shi- ki-rangita; shi-rangita
uck bata3 i- ma- i-bata; ma-bata
ull (to be -) tushia e- e-tushia;
dull knife tushia ki- ; shi- ki-andu kitiishi; shl-andu shitushi
umb person bubu zero- ; zero-

bubu; =sg
(els. 1,2)
uring a daytime er'i kiki-er'i kya usaniini

ust (pi. many types of dust) lulyi ki- ; shi- ki-lulyl; shi-lulyi
well (to -), alive (to be -) ishi e- e-ishi ( > e-eshl / i-ishl );
ye (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika fana;
agle, hawk, vulture w'ishi u- ngyuu- u-w'ishl; ngyuu-w'ishi
ar du i- ma- i-du; ma-du

ear du ka- ka-du; =sg
arly (to be -), in time (to be -) lawa e- e-lawa;
arring bili ki- ; shi- ki-bili; shi-blli
arthworm chimbilili zero- ; zero-

-chimbilili; =sg
ast no word;
asy work runda ki- ; shi- ki-rundio kilâkyuumu; shi-rundii
shilaashuumu
at (to -) lyal e- e-lya;
eaten (to be -) lyal e- e-lyo;

266
education soma ki- ; shi- kl-somio / kl-somyo; shi-somio /
shi-somyo
effort (to make an -) waana e- e-wa^na;
egg yai i- ; ma- i-ya~i; ma-yal
eight nyanya ku- ku-nyanya;
eighteen kumi i- i-kumi na nane;
eighty semanini zero- -semanini;
elbow kon'ko u- ; ngyuu- u-kori'ko; ngyuu-kori'ko /
ngyoo-kori'ko
elder sister (used by younger brothers) faamaaye N'- ; wa- n'-faamaaye; wa-faamaaye
my elder sister faamaaya-a N'- ; wa- n'-faamaaya-ako;

ko wa-faamaaye-wako
his elder sister faamaaya-a N'- ; wa- n -f aamaaya-akwe;
'
kwe wa-faamaaye-wakwe
his younger sister/brother (used by elder na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na waakwe; wa-na waakwe
siblings/younger siblings), junior person
younger sister/brother/person, junior person nyidu mu- ; wa- mu-nyidu; wa-nyidu
my elder sister/brother wawaaye zero- ; zero- -wawaaya-ako; -wawaaye-wako
his elder sister/brother wawaaye zero- ; wa- -waawaya-akwe;

-wawaaye-wakwe
elder sister/brother/person, senior person waw'ee zero- ; wa- waw'ee; wa-waw'ee
sister-in-law, brother-in-law war'isinda zero- ; zero- -war'isinda; =sg

elder, leader miku N'- ; wa- m'-miku; wa-miku
electric torch (<Eng) toochi zero- ; zero- -toochi; =sg

elephant chofu zero- ; zero- -chofu; =sg
eleven kumi i- i-kumi na imwi;
ember, charcoal kaa2 i- ; ma- i-kaa; ma-kaa

embrace (to -) no custom;
employ (to -) ajiri e- e-ajiri ;
empty (to -) busuo e- e-busiio;
empties, empty bottle/tin etc., without anything duul zero- -duu;
empty bottle chuba zero- ; zero- -chuba ]

ya duu; chubd ] ta duu
encourage (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika finya;
end (of a thing/road) shinga zero- ; zero- -shinga;
end (of story/examination/TV program, etc.) fur'umia kiki-fur'umio;
endure (to -), bear (to -) wada2 e-ku- e-ku-wada;
engagement (to make an -) chumbya e- e-chumbya;
enough (to be -), sufficient (to be -) tosha e- e-tosha;
entangle (to -) tambisa e- e-tambisa;
enter (to -), get in (to -), surpass (to -) eda e- e-eda;
enter and become mixed (to -) kusanda e- e-kusanda;
enter into people/crowds and become mixed (to -) kusanda e- e-kusanda wandu-n';
enter the water (to -), go into the water (to -) oloka e- e-oloka ] miide-n';
entrance of water from a river into each irrigation stream r'uw'io ki- ; shi- ki-r'uw'io; shi-r'uw'io
envy (to -), jealous (to be -) wada2 e- e-wajya kir'iso;
erect (sth) (to -), stand (sth) (to -) sumya e- e-sumia;
escape <of a captive> (to -), run away (to -) dicha e- e-dicha;
escort (to -) imia e- e-imia;
especially asa4 asa;

;
267
ening kow'iini N'-, ki- ; mi- n'-kow'iini / ki-kow'iini;

mi-kow'iini
ery day (kiwoso origin) o2 6 n'-konu;
every day kila n'-konu kila n'-konu;
every morning kila ngama kila ngama;
everywhere ose ku- ko-ose (< ku-ose);
ceed (to -) eda e- e-eda ] keesho;
change (to -), replace (to -), change (to -) alacha e- e-alacha;
creta (of human beings) dufi i- ; ma- 1-dufi; ma-dufi
excreta of domestic animals (generic) alal ki- ; shikya-ala; sh^-ala
excreta of goat/sheep mbor'ocho zero- ; zero- -mbor'ocho; =sg
semi-solid excreta of cattle/goat/sheep bota i- ; ma- 1-bota; ma-bota
liquid excreta of cattle/goat/sheep are il- ;

- w-are (< u-are); =sg
tcuse me. Allow me. I regret. I am wrong, kwade kwade;
hale (to -), breathe out (to -) wuta e- e-wuta hewa;
hausted (to become -) sya e- e-sya;
pensive (to be -) kalyal e- e-kalya;
plain (to -) amba2 e- e-amba n'-kuda;

pose oneself (to -) oda e- e-oda;
tinguish (to -) wool e- e-woo;
tract (to -) wuta e- e-wuta;
extract a thorn (to -) wuta e- e-wuta musha;
e sol ri- ; ma- ri-so; mi-so (< ma-iso? )
squint eye sheeru zero- ; zero- sheeru; =sg

ebrow ori mo-, mu- mo-ori / mw-6ri; ml-ori
mi-
eyebrow (lit. hair above eye) mbiil - / zero- mbii wuye a r'iso; mbii wuye a
miso
elash nguya zero- ; zero- -nguya; =sg
'did tongo ki- ; shi- ki-tongo; shi-tongo
ice shangu ki- ; shi- ki-shangu; shl-shangu
face, front, in front of shangu ki- ; shi- ki-shangu; shl-shangu
ce sth (to -), look at (to -) n'la e- e-n'la;
face (towards) sth (to make sth -) rew'eka e- e-rew'^tya;
ict, truth ndede ndede;

ill to (do) (to -), miss (to -) tura e- e-tura;
fail to sleep (to -) tura e- e-tura niajyo;
fail (in a work, in an examination) (to -) lema2 e- e-lemo;
fail (to make sb -) tewa e- e-tewa;
lint (to -), dry and hard (to become -) omal e- e-oma;
Jl (to -), tumble (to -) woo2 e- e-woo;
fall (to make -) tuula e- e-tuula;
fall down (to -), drop (vi) (to -) oloka e- e-oloka;
imily, house ba N'- ; N'- m'-ba; =sg

it, far place, distant place acha ku- ku-acha;
.rewell, bye-bye na2 na kofo;
inn (to -), plough (to -) dema e- e-dema;
farmer, peasant no word;
268
fart, breaking wind, gas chambo ki- ; shi- ki-chambo; ma-chambo
fast (to -) sindal? e- e-sinda duu;
fast, very, quickly den' den' ;
fasten (to -) funga e- e-funga;
fat (to be -) (for human beings) shimba e- e-shimba;
fat person shimba N'- ; wari'-ndu n'-shimbi; wa-ndu

washimbi
fat (to get -), fat/greasy (to become -) (for domestic wanda e- e-wanda;
animals)
father (Kiwoso origin) ndee zero- ; wa- -ndee; wa-ndee
my father, my fathers ndee zero- ; wa- -ndee yaako; wa-ndee wako
our father, our fathers ndee zero- ; wa- -ndee yeedu; wa-ndee wedu
your (sg.) father, your (sg) fathers ndee zero- ; wa- -ndee yaafo; wa-ndee wafo
your (pi.) father, your (pi.) fathers ndee zero- ; wa- -ndee yaani; wa-ndee weni
his father, his fathers ndee zero- ; wa- -ndee yaakwe; wa-ndee wakwe
his father, his fathers ndee zero- ; wa- -ndee-ye; wa-ndee-ye
their father, their fathers ndee zero- ; wa- -ndee yaawo; wa-ndee wawo
Father!, Daddy!, Old man! (addressing) miku N'- ; wa- m'-miku; wa-miku
Father!, Grandfather!, Old man! (used by children miku N'- ; wa- m'-miku sa; wa-miku sa
excluding the first-bom)
Father!, Grandfather!, Old man! (used by the miku N'- ; wa- m'-miku mbe; wa-miku mbe
first-born)
father-in-law ndee zero- -ndee-anka;
father-in-law ndee zero- -ndee-am'mi / -ndam'mi;
fear (to -), afraid of (to be -) owuo e- e-owiio (> yo-owiio );
fear wou u- u-wou (< u-ou );
feather foya i- ; ma- l-foya; ma-foya
feathers of an arrow mber'i u- ; N'- u-mberT; m'-mberT
February ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o kabi;
feed (to -), first food of the day (to have the - for human tuka e- e-tukusa;
beings/domestic animal)
feed (to -), give food (to -) ininga e- e-ininga ( > e-eninga / i-ininga);
feed (to -) ininga e- e-eninga kelya;
feed a child (to -), give the breast to a child (to -) ininga e- e-eninga iw'ee;
feed (to -), keep (domestic animals) (to -), take care w'ika e- e-w'ikia;
of domestic animals (to -)
feel (to -), hear (to -) itya e- e-itya (> e-etya / i-itya );
feel pleased (to -) chiiya e- e-chiiyo;
feel sad (to -)AAfeel displeased (to -) haiya e- e-haiyo;
feel anxious (to -) ichura2 e- e-ichwo n'sia (> e-echwo n'sia)
feel lonely (to -) lolya e- e-lolya ukiwa;
feel sleepy (to -) rengea e- e-rengea;
feel anxious (to -) wada2 e- e-wada n'sia;
female genitals, vulva burasi zero- ; zero- -m burasi; =sg

fence (to -) no custom;
fermented (to become -), fertile (to be -), ripe (to be -) w'ira e- e-w'ira;
ferment (to -), make fermented (to -) w'ira e- e-w'irisa;
fertilize (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika ] kiala;
fertilizer (excrements of cattle/goats), manure alal ki- ; shi- ki-ala; sha-ala
fever homa zero- ; zero- homa;

;
269

pi)
w (to become -), decrease (to -) doma e- e-doma;
a few days ago icho-icho e- icho-icho;
a few people, small people (in size) ndu - ; wawa-ndu wantu;
incd, fianc6e chumba N'- ; wa- n'-chumba; wa-chumba
:Id, cultivated area (generic) deme N'- ; mi- n'-deme; mi-deme
;rce (to be -) kalyal e- e-kalya;
fierce (to be -), strong (to be -) kalyal e- e-kalya;
fierceness kalyal u- u-kalyi;
fierce dog te ki- ; shi- ki-te kikall; shi-te shikali
fteen kumi i- i-kumi na tanu;
fty amusini zero- -amusini;
jht (to -), beat (to -) kaba e- e-kaba;
fight (to -) bakana e- e-bakana;
fight a war (to -) bakana e- e-bakcina ] fida;
g-tree kuul N'- ; mi- n'-kuu; mi-kuu
II up (to -) ichur'al e- e-ichiir'a / e-echiir'a (< e-ichiir'a

);
fill up a hole (to -) echura e- e-echura;
Iter (to -) kama e- e-kama;
nally fur'umia kiki-fur'umio-n';
nd (to -) kooyal e- e-kooya;
find (sth hidden) (to -) wona e- e-wona;
ne; I am fine, (answer for "shi-mboni (Hello!") cha2 n'-shi-cha;
nger nyi / ni N'- ; mi- n'-nyi; ml-nyi
thumb nyi N'- ; mi- n'-nyi u-ng'ane; ml-nyi ing'ane
forefinger not found;
middle finger nyi N'- ; mi- n'-nyi o kiidi; mi-nyi ya kiidi
third finger not found;
little finger ni / nyi ki-n'- ki-n'-ni kya manchengelela;

shi-n'- shi-n'ni sha manchengelela
fingernail (of a human being, animal) wala u- ; ngy- u-wala; ngy-ala
nger-ring beti zero- ; zero- -beti; =sg

nger-whistling forifo ki- ; shi- ki-forifo; shi-forifo
nish (sth) (to -) (vt) maa e- e-maa;

finish (to -), come to an end (to -) (vi) sya e- e-sya;
ire mudo zero- ; zero- -mudo; =sg
fire stronger (to make -), stir fire stronger (to -) wuria e- e-wuria;
irefly nyaangwe N'- ; mi- n'-nyaangwe; mi-nyaangwe

ireplace, kitchen ndo2 a- a-ndo ko mudo;
irewood kwi u- ; N'- u-kwi; n'-gwi
gather firewood (to -) sana e- e-sana ] ngwi;
put firewood in fire (to -) engera e- e-engera ngwi mudo-n';

take out firewood from fire (to -) wuta e- e-wuta n'gwi mudo-n';
rm/hard <of birdlime> (to become -) shimba e- e-shimba;
irst
the first road chial zero- ; zero- -chia ya kwansa;
the first tree jil N'- n'-ji o kwansa;

the first car kari3 i- i-kari lya kwansa;
irst-born na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na m'-mbee; wa-na wa-mbee
270
fish (not found in any river, no custom to catch fishes) samaki zero- ; zero- -samakl; =sg
fish (to -) wada2 e- e-wada samaki;
fish-hook ndoana zero- ; zero- -ndoana; =pl
fish-net waafu zero- ; zero- -waafu lo samaki ;
fist munde zero- ; zero- -munde; =sg
fit (to -) kaaya e- e-kaaya;
five saanu zero- -saanu;
five minutes (< Sw) dakika zero- ; zero- dakika tanu;
five persons ndu - ; wawa-ndu tanu;
fix a recalcitrant person (to -), unfold (to -), straighten (to oroka e- e-orota (> yo-orota):
-), stand up (to make sb -)
flap one's wings (when flying) (to -) kuta-kuta e- e-kuta-kuta;
flap the wings (to -), fly (to -), fly up (to -), glide (to r'umbuka e- e-r'umbuka;
-)
flat (for metal etc. to become -) oroka e- e-oroka;
flatten (metal) (to -) oroka e- e-orota;
flat (for uneven land/field to be -) sumana2 e- e-sumana;
flatten uneven land/field (to -) ananisya e- e-andnisya;
flea sawa zero- ; zero- -sawa; =sg

float up (to -) fuluya e- e-fuliiya;
flood muda zero- -muda ] 6-cha;
floor, ground, down shimbai zero- shimbai;
floor, ground ter'i zero- ; zero- -terl;
flour (any type; maize, wheat, etc.) so2 N'- ; mi- n'-so; mi-so
make flour (to -), grind (to -) saa3 e- e-saa;
flow (to -), go (for water to -) shoka e- e-shoka;
flower (Kiwoso origin) warol ki- ; shi- ki-waro; shi-waro
flute to call people randa i- ; ma- i-randa; ma-randa

fly (to -), fly up (to -), glide (to -), flap the wings (to -) r'umbuka e- e-r'umbuka;
fly, knee nVi zero- ; zero- -nr'i; =sg

foam w'yal i- ; ma- i-w'ya; nici-w'ya
fog, mist musu-musu i-;- i-musu-musu;
fold (to -), bend (to -) lemal e- e-lema;
fold many times (to -), wind (to -) lemal e- e-lema-lema;
unfold (to -), straighten (to -) oroka e- e-orota (> yo-orota);
follow (animals) (to -), follow (behind) (to -), trace fatya e- e-fatya;
(footprints of animals) (to -)
sneak (to -), follow secretly/quietly (to -), stalk (to -) ew'elya e- e-ew'elya;
foment (to -) kora e- e-kora;
food lyal ki- ; shi- k-e-lya; sh-e-lya
something edible lyal ly-i-lyo; ny-a-lyo
the first food of the day (for human beings/animals to tuka e- e-tuka;
get-)
the first food of the day (to have - for human tuka e- e-tukusa;
beings/domestic animal), feed (domestic animals) (to
-)
foolish person tondo zero- ; ma- -tondo; ma-tondo

foot, leg dende u- ; ma- u-dende; ma-dende
football, ball bira N'- ; mi- rn'-bira ; mi-bira

271
English Stem Pf Word (sg; pi)
football ground, meeting place, openspace in a bata2 i- ; ma- i-bata; ma-bata

village
wtfall tin N'- ; mi- ri'-tiri; mi-tiri
lotprint, sole ayo u- ; ngy- u-ayo (> u-wayo); ngy-ayo
)r example cha4 cha;
xbid (to -), deny (to -) ema e- e-ema;
Dree, strength finya zero- ; zero- finya;
arearm woko u- ; ma- u-woko; ma-woko
arehead shangu ki- ; shi- ki-shangu; shi-shangu
orest tudu N'- ; mi- n'-tudu; mi-tudu
orestall (to -), wait for (to -) w'eda e- e-w'edeya;
oretaste (to -), see how sth tastes (to -), look at (to -) n'la e- e-n'la;
oretell (to -), divine (to -) lashia e- e-lashia;
orge (to -) kaba e- e-kaba minya;
orget (to -) deka e- e-dekyo;
orgive (to -), allow (to -) saria e- e-saria;
ork on a road kwanu - ; ma- ma-kwanu; =sg
fork on a road, hollow, cave (small -) mbako zero- ; zero- -mb&ko; =sg
orty arubeeni zero- -arubeeni;
our kaana zero- -ka3na;
four days after ileeda, ileeda / ikeeda;

ikeeda
four days after suku2 zero- ; zero- suku iinya tiichaa;
four days ago ileshia ileshia;
four days ago suku2 zero- ; zero- suku iinya tilesia;
four persons ndu - ; wawa-ndu waana;

four times kaana zero- -kaana;
"ourteen kumi i- i-kumi na iinya;
fowl (cock or hen) nguku zero- ; zero- -nguku; =sg

ock (<Sw?) jokoo i- ; ma- 1-jokoo; ma-jokoo
hen which has laid eggs nka i- ; ma- i-nka; ma-nka

young hen which has not laid eggs tooro i- ; ma- i-tooro; ma-tooro
chicken, young bird (generic) rana ki- ; shi- ki-rana; shi-rana
irancolin nguwale zero- ; zero- -nguwale; =sg

Friday ijumaa zero- -ijumaa ;
riend, a kind of bee mbuya zero- ; zero- -mbuya; =sg

frighten (to -) owuo e- e-owosha;
frog (aquatic) (generic) kele u- ; ngyuu- u-kele; ngyuu-kele
front, in front of, face shangu ki- ; shi- ki-shangu; shi-shangu
fruit (no generic word) tunda i- ; ma- i-tunda; ma-tunda

fry (meat) (to -) kaanga e- e-kaanga;
full (to become -) ichur'al e- e-ichiio (> e-echiio / i-ichiio);
full grown, unmarried man soro N'- ; wa- n'-soro; wd-soro
full grown, unmarried woman na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na nalende dao; wa-na
walende ndao
funeral riko - ; ma- ma-riko;
far mbiil u- ; zero- u-mbii; -mbii
G
gall-bladder fuko2 N'- ; mi- m'-fuko o udo; mi-fuko ya udo
272
game, play tawana ki- ; shi- ki-tawanu; shi-tawanu
game like playing beanbags (juggling) chewera - ; raa- no sg; ma-chewera

game of making whizzing sound ruuruu i- ; ma- i-ruuniu; ma-ruuruu
game of car-driving simulation. chenekar'i ki- ; shi- ki-chenekar'i; shi-chenekar'i
game of marbles mbenu zero- ; zero- -mbenu; =sg
game of hopping on one leg dende ki- ; shi- ki-dende; shi-dende
game of hopping on one leg tikiri zero- ; zero- -tikiri; =sg

game of hide-and-seek owa e- e-owa;
game of tag kudichia e- e-kudichia;
game of high-jumping kiko u- ; ngyuu- u-kiko; ngyuu-kiko
game of seesaw, seesaw nlenguo N'- ; mi- n'-lengiio; mi-lengiio
game of windmill ndeke zero- ; zero- -ndeke; =eg

game of wrestling ata2 e- e-ata;
game of a swing kweela e- e-kwe^la;
game of dizziness (to enjoy the dizziness caused by runguswo u- ; ngyuu- u-runguswo; ngyuu-runguswo
spinning)
game of sliding on slippery ground chur'uur'u zero- ; zero- -chur'uur'u;
game of a top spinning pindi ki- ; shi- ki-pindi; shi-pindi
game like a dodge ball r'ede zero-, zero- -r'ede;
hoop rolling (boys' game) ngaar'i zero- ; zero- -ngaar'i;
rope skipping (girl's play) r'ar'ii i- ; ma- i-r'ar'ii; ma-r'ar'ii
gather up (to -) (generic) sung'ania, e- e-sung'anya / e-sung'ania;

sung'anya
gather (firewood) (to -) sana e- e-sana;
gather on sth (to -) wumbya e-ku- e-ku-wumbya;
gather up with fingers (to - repeatedly), rake up (to wada2 e- e-wada-wada;

-) (generic)
germinate (to -) mya e- e-mya;
get (to -), hold (to -), possess (to -), seize (to -), catch (to wada2 e- e-wada;
-)
get (to -), obtain (to -), get what sb has left (to -), wona e- e-wona;
pick up (to -)
get (a disease) (to -) wada2 e- e-wado ndwaari;

get a burn (to -) sha2 e- e-sha;
get accustomed to (to -) ichiw'ia e- e-ichiw'ia (> e-echiw'ia);
get back (to -) w'iira e- e-w'iira;
get bright (by the sun, a candle) (to -) kya2 e- e-kya;
get bright (by the sun, a candle) (to -) pambauka e- e-pambauka;
get in (to -), surpass (to -), enter (to -) eda e- e-eda;
get into (to -), take in (to -), let in (to -) ita e- e-eta (< e-ita );
get off (bus), go down (to -) (generic) sarambuka e- e-sardmbuka;
get off (bus), go down (to -) (generic), warm (for sambuka e- e-sambiika;
cold food to become - by fire)
get out (to -), come from (to -) somuka e- ^-somuka;
get up (from lying) (to -) kur'ie e- e-kur'ie;
giddiness, dizziness sungu-sungu ki- ; shi- ki-sungu-sungu;
giddiness, dizziness runguswo u- ; ngyuu- u-runguswo; ngyuu-runguswo
giddy, dizzy (to become -) itya e- e-itya urunguswo;
girl na3 mo- ; wa- mu-na o waka; wa-na wa waka

give (to -), feed (to -) ininga e- e-eninga (< e-ininga);
273

pi)
give the breast (to -), feed a child (to -) ininga e- e-eninga iwee;
give each other (to -) ininga e- e-kw-ininga;
give for (sb) (to -), give (to make sb -) ininga e- e-eningia;
given (to be -) ininga e- e-eningo;
give up (to -), abandon (to -) (generic) sandauta e- e-sandauta;
give birth to (to -), bear (for animals) (to -) shaa e- e-shaa;
give a sign (to -) sinya e- e-sinya;
give birth to (to -), bear (a child) (for human beings) wona e- e-wona;
(to-)
give a gift (to -) am ay a e- e-amaya;
give away (to -), give a portion of what one owns (to awa e- e-awya;
-)
gift am ay a - ; ma- no sg; ma-amayo

ass lasi ki- ; shi- ki-lasl / ki-lasi; shi-lasl
ide (in air) (to -), flap the wings (to -), fly (to -), fly up r'umbuka e- e-r'umbuka;
o-j
itter (for metal to -) maka e- e-maka;
law sth hard (as a rat) (to -) ker'enya e- e-ker'enya;
gnaw sth soft like paper (to -) rema e- e-rema;
) (to -), go away (to -) enda e- e-enda;
go barefoot (to -) enda e- e-enda duu;
go before teacher's arrival (to -) enda e- e-enda malimii nalaandefika:
go beyond (a mountain) (to -) enda e- e-enda ko-mbe;
go slowly (to -) enda e- e-enda ] mbong'o;
go straight (to -) enda e- e-enda ruru;
go to meet sb coming (to -) enda e- e-enda ambia;
go together (to -), accompany (to -) enda e- e-enda kimwi;
go up (to -), climb up (to -), come up (for the sun) (to aluka e- e-aluka;
-)
go down (for the sun) (to -) ela2 e- e-ela;
go out <of fire>, die (to -) fo2 e- e-fo;
go up (for the sun) (to -), dawn (to -), wake up (to -) kurie e- e-kurie;
go down (for the sun) go down (a

(to -), drop (to -), oloka e- e-oloka;
river) (to -), climb down (from mountain) (to -)
go into the water (to -) oloka e- e-oloka ] mude-n';
go around (to -) runguja e- e-rungiija;
go down (to -), get off (bus), (generic), warm (for sambuka e- e-sambuka;
cold food to become - by fire)
go (on bus) (to -), go up (to -), climb (to -), board (a shaama e- e-shaama;
bus), (generic)
go (for water to -), flow (to -) shoka e- e-shoka;
go downstream (to -) shoka e- e-shoka na ] muda;

go before sb (to -) songwo e- e-songwo;
go out from home (to -) uka e- e-uka bo;
3at mburu zero- ; zero- -mburu; =sg
male goat ndafu zero- ; zero- -ndafu; =sg
uncastrated adult male goat oro zero-, zero- -oro; =sg
castrated male goat ndafu zero- ; zero- -ndaTu iingitane; -ndafu tiingitane
female goat that has borne a kid ngolo zero- ; zero- -ngolo; =sg
female young goat suwana zero- ; zero- -siiwana; =sg
274
young domestic animal (goat/sheep/cattle/ etc.), ndeena zero- ; zero- -ndeena; sg

livestock (generic)
kid ndeena ki-; shi- ki-ndeena; shi-ndeena
go-between, messenger who brings bride price iichi mu- ; wa- mw-iichl; w-eechi
God, Creator, sun ruwal zero -;- ruwa;
good (to be -) chia2 e- e-chia;
good book cha2 ki-; shi- kl-tabu 1 kicha; shi-tabu 1 shlcha
goodness cha2 u- u-cha;
Good bye!, Go well! eeka eeka;
Good bye, Stay well! na2 na kofo;
Good day!, Good afternoon!, Good evening! ne sindiso ne sindiso;
Good evening! eeka eeka;
good morning! na2 na anto;
Good morning eeka eek3;
Good morning (for the first-bom (son / daughter)) eeka eeka mbe.;
Good morning (for sons except the first-born) eeka eeka sa.;
Good morning (for the second daughter) eeka eeka ma.;
Good morning (for daughters except the first and eeka eeka ] keku.;
second daughters)
Good night! aro ar6 ] kiicha;
Good night! eeka eeka;
govern (to -), rule over (to -) orokya e- e-orokya;
grab (to -), hold (to -), marry (for a man to -) wada2 e- e-wada;
grandchild chuku N'- wa- n'-chuku; wa-chuku
grandfather sawoye N'- wa- -sawoye; wa-sawoye
Grandfather! (addressing), see" miku mbe,miku sa"

(father!, 27.01)
grandmother kekuu-ye zero - ; wa- -kekuuye; wa-kekuuye
grandmother kekw-e zero - ; wa- -kekwe; wa-kekwe
Grandmother! (addressing), see "mai ma!, mai mbe"

(mother!, 27.08)
grasp sth in one's hand (to -) wada2 e- e-wada;
grass, weed (generic) re2 i- ; ma- i-re; ma-are
grasshopper ngalya zero- ; zero- -ngalya; =sg

grave kaburi zero- ; zero- -kaburi; =sg
graze, injure one's skin (to -) raa e- e-raa kichoni;
green are ki-ma- ki-maare-maare;
greens nyani u- ; N'- u-nyanl; n'-nyaril
greet (to -) idikira2 e- e-edikira ( < e-idlkira);
grind (to -), make flour (to -) saa3 e- e-saa;
grind (to make millet flour) (to -) saa3 e- e-saa;
grind tobacco leaves (to -) saa3 e- e-saa mbatu;
grinder (stone -) seo i- ; ma- i-seo; m^-seo

lower stone / upper stone (of a stone grinder) ana3 ki- ; shi- ki-ana; shi-ana
ground, floor ter'i zero- ; zero- -terT;
ground, down, floor shimbai zero- shimbai;
ground, open space, football ground bata2 i- ; ma- i-bata; ma-bata
playing ground in a village, open space in a bata2 zero-, ki- ;

-bata / ki-bata; ma-bata / shi-bati
homestead ma-, shi-

;
275
ound-nut karanga zero- ; zero- karanga; =sg
ow (for person/animal/plant, etc. to -) (generic) ng'ana e- e-ng'ana;
grow (to -) mya e- e-mya;
grow (of hair) (to -) leeya e- e-leeya;
owl (to -), snarl (to -) r'ung'una e- e-r'ung'una;
ub up (to -) kechuo e- e-kechuo;
iard (sb) (to -) r'inga e- e-r'inga;
guard oneself (to -) r'inga e-ku- e-ku-r'inga;
mva (introduced) bero i- ; ma- i-bero; ma-bero
lest, visitor, stranger inu mu- ; wa- mu-inu; we-enu (< wa-inu)
m bunduki zero- ; zero- -bunduki; =sg

jnpowder bar'uti zero- ; zero- bar'ufi;
jtter of irrigation stream (made of woods), crossing lalo i- ; ma- i-lalo; ma-lalo
jint of a river
H
ail saao - ; ma- ma-saao;
air (of a head), hair on body (of human beings/animals) mbiil u- ; zero- u-mbii; -mbii
air of armpit mbiil - / zero- - ; -mbii ta makelekele
airy caterpillar kurul i- ; ma- i-kuru; ma-kuru
alf enga ki- ; shi- ki-enga; she-enga
ammer nyindo zero- ; zero- -nyindo; =sg

and, arm woko u- ; ma- u-woko; ma-woko
andpiano, thumbpiano not used not used;
ang (to -), suspend (to -) masa e- e-masa;
hang oneself (to -), shake one time (to -) sika e-ku- e-ku-sika;
appen (for an accident) (to -) tokya e- e-tokya ;
appy with (to be -), pleased with (to be -) chiiya e- e-chiiyo;
ard bread kate N'- ; mi- n'-kate mu-umu; mi-kate mi-umu

mu-umu
arvest (to -) sambwol e- e-sambwo;
arresting knife, sickle shami i- ; ma- i-shanfi; ma-shami
at kofya zero- ; zero- -kofya; =sg
atch (to -), break (egg/glass/window/) (to -), split (to -), bara e- e-bara;
hatched (to become -) bara e- e-baro;
ave (to -), catch (to -), own (to -) wada2 e- e-wada;
have for (sb) (to -), press down (to -), pin down (to -) wada2 e- e-wajya;
awk, eagle, vulture w'ishi u- ; ngyuu- u-w'ishi; ngyuu-w'ishi
iead, tip dwe N'- ; mi- n'-dwe; mi-dwe
ieadache, see "-wawa" (pain (to feel -))
ieap mbumbi zero- ; mi- -mbumbi; mi-mbumbl

heap up (to -) wumbya e- e-wiimbya;
heap up weeds (to -) sung'ania, e- e-sung'ania / e-sung'anya;

sung'anya
'ear (to -), feel (to -) itya e- e-itya (> e-etya / i-itya );
hear the wind blowing (to -) ona e- e-ona;
heard (to be -) itya e- e-ityo (> e-etyo )
leart ngoo zero- ; zero- -ngoo; =sg

leartburn unguya ki- ; shi- kyii-unguya; shii-unguya
leat season (for cattle to be -) shial e- e-shia;
;
276
heavy (to be -) emia2 e- e-emia;
heavy person emia2 N'- ; wari'-ndu acheemiaa; wa-ndu

wacheemiaa
heavy stone wee2 i- ; ma- i-wee lyicheemiaa; ma-wee
acheemia
heel tutuni zero- ; zero- -tuturii; =sg

height leeya kiki-esho kya eleeya ; shi-esho sha
eleeya
height esha kiki-esho ke shaama wuye;

height, length, depth r'efu u- u-r'efu;
Hello! mboni shi-mboni;
Hello! (answer for "andi mafuo? (Hello!)") luufo nicha. ngiifo nicha.; luufo nicha.
Hello! (lit. how are+bones) andi andi mafuo?;
help (sb from danger) (to -) akanya e- e-akanya;
help (to -), assist (to -) akanya e- e-akanya (= e-ekia);
help to undress (to -) akanya e- e-akanya ewuta n'-guo;
help (to -), assist (to -) ekia e- e-ekia;
help to hold (to -), have for (sb) (to -), press down (to wada2 e- e-wajya;
-), pin down (to -), hold for (sb) (to -)
help to put (to -), send (by post) (to -), send (sb) (to dika e-dika;
-), deliver (to -), brew (to -)
herd (of animals) kundi i- ma- i-kundi; ma-kundi
here (definite) a2 ya-a;
hereabout (indefinite place) nu2 ku- ku-nu;
hiccups ngekefu zero- ; zero- -ngekefu;
hiccup (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ngekefu;
hide (sth) (to -) (vt), store (to -) suruma e- e-suruma;
hide (oneself) (to -) (vi) suruma e-ku- e-ku-siiruma;
hide (oneself) (to -) (vi) owa e- e-owa;
hide from the rain (to -), avoid the rain (to -) owa e- e-owa mbuo;
hide (a secret) (to -), bury (generic) (to -), bury (a rika2 e- e-rika;
dead person) (to -)
high (to be -), deep (to be -), long (to be -) leeya e- e-leeya;
high mountain leeya N'- ; mi- n'-lima uleeye; mi-lima ileeye
hill lima N'- ; mi- ri'-lima; mi-lima
him, her (Independent PN) nyiwe, we nyiwe / we;
himself/herself nyiwe, we nyiwe muni / we muni;
himself, oneself muni murii ( = munyl );
hip nama ki- ; shi- ki-nama; shi-nama
hit (sb) (to -), hit (the target) (to -), beat (to -), stab (to -j kaba e- e-kaba;
hit (to -), stab (with knife) (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ] kyaandu;
hit (to be -), beaten (to be -) kaba e- e-kabo;
hit in (a nail) (to -) kaba e- e-kabia;
hit with a hammer (to -) kaba e- e-kaba nyindo;
hit severely (to -) buula e- e-buiila;
hit to dust (to -) angata e- e-angata;
hit to dust (to -) angata e- e-angata kilulyi;
hit with a head (to be - by sb), drunk (to be - by sb) nyo e- e-nyo;
hoe (generic) kumbi i- ma- i-kumbi; ma-kumbi

hoe with a adze blade kumbi i- i-kumbi lya teso;
277

pi)
hoe with a spade-like blade kumbi i- ; ma- i-kumbi lya kichaka; ma-kumbi a
kichaka
handle of a hoe munyi zero- ; zero- -munyi; =sg
kind of hoe-blades bakwo i- ; ma- i-bakwo; m-bakwo
oeny; sweet honey koro2 i- ; ma- i-koro; ma-koro
take honey out of beehive (to -) wuta e- e-wuta moodu;
old (to -), possess (to -), seize (to -), catch (to -), get (to wada2 e- e-wada;
), grab (to -), marry (for a man to -)
hold (a child) in one's arms (to -) wada2 e- e-wada mawoko-n';
hold many times (to -), remove roots/other debris in wada2 e- e-wada-wada;
the field (to -)
hold for (sb) (to -), help to hold (to -), press down (to wada2 e-wajya;
-), pin down (to -)
hold under one's arm (to -) wada2 e- e-wajya ikelekele-n';
ole (on ground) rina2 zero- ; ma- -rina; ma-rina
hole (of a tube/pipe/nose) rocho i- ; ma- i-rocho; ma-rocho
hole through a wood (to make a -) sesa e- e-sesa;
make a hole (to -) docha e- e-docha ) irocho (> e-doche ]
erocho);
ollow, cave (small -), fork on a road mbako zero- ; zero- -mbako; =sg
ome, outside, area where you live bo zero- ; bo, m'-bo ;
zero-, N'-
home village bo zero- ; zero- bo koko;
:oney (Kiwoso origin) uki zero- ;

- -uki;
honeycomb (each hexagon cell of a honeycomb) koro2 i- ; ma- i-koro; ma-koro
ioof mbachu u- ; zero- u-mbachu; -mbachu
looked (to be -), suspended (to become -) masa e- e-maso;
tope (to -). wish (to -) w'inyia e- e-w'inyia;
10m (Kiwoso origin) mbembe u- ; ngyuu- u-mbembe; ngyuu-mbembe /
-mbembe
torse (originally no horse in this area) no word;
lost inyi mu- ; wa- mw-inyi bo; we-enyi bo
lot (to be become -) sha2 e- e-sha;
hot milk sha2 - ; ma- malela aashaa;
It is hot. fo3 kwi-fo irike / kuu-fo irike;
lour saa4 zero- ; ma- -Scia; ma-saa

louse (generic), house of a mother and small children, ba NT- ; N'- m'-ba; =sg
amily
house (father's -) (conical - covered by banana ba N'- ; N'- m'-ba ya ] m'bii; sg

leaves)
round house made by mud/bricks ba N'-;N'- m'-ba ya n'songe; =sg

house (house of adult male children) tengo N'- ; ma- -tengo; ma-tengo
side of the inside of a banana house dawal i- ; ma- i-dawa; ma-dawa

section/place for goats and sheep (of mother's house) ko3 zero- ; zero- ko mburu;
section/place of a house for cattle (of mother's house) ko3 ko 6mbe (< ko umbe);
section/place of a house for girls (of mother's house) kondo zero- ; zero- -kondo;
mother's section (place) of a banana house ri-n' kiki-ri-n';
section/place for keeping goods such as pots, sau-n' kiki-sau-n'

calabashes, etc. (of mother's house)
section/place of a house for boys (of mother's house) sike-n' zero- -sike-n';
278
"
father's sleeping place of the small house called kondo zero- ; zero- -kondo;
m'ba ya m'bii".
eaves (made of leaves) mangya ki- ; shi- ki-mangya; shi-mangya
top of a centre pillar (banana house) okooyo 0-, u- ; o-k66yo / u-kooyo; ngyoo-k66yo
ngyoo-
house; dry leaves fringing the door of a banana house wanda i- ; ma- 1-wanda; ma-wanda
thick pillar in the wall mbochiki i- ; ma- i-mbochiki; ma-mbochiki
thin pillar in the wall of a traditional conical house efu i- ; ma- i-efu; ma-efu (> me-efu)
room (of a modern square house) r'ie ki- ; shi- ki-r'ie; shi-r'ie
how? n' kuda? n' kuda?(> n'kuda?);
how many things ndol - ; shi- shi-ndo shiinga;
how many people ndu - ; wawa-ndu weenga;
how much? besa N'- m'-besa iinga? / eler'i iinga?;
howl (for dog/hyena to -), meow (to -), cry (to -) anal e-ana;
howl (for dog to -) deiya e- e-deiya;
hump siisi zero- ; zero- -siisi; =sg

hundred (<Sw) mia zero- -mia;
hunger, famine chaa zero- ; zero- -chda;
hungry (to become -) waw'ia e- e-waw'io ] ch3a;
hunt with a gun (to -) lasa e- e-lasa na bunduki;
hunt with bow and arrows (to -) lasa e- e-lasa na m'-fi o ur'oi;
hunt with a spear (to -) wool e- e-woo na ifumu;

hunter no word;
hurry (to -) ungana e- e-ungana;
hurt (to -) dodokwo e- e-dodokwo;
hurt a sore (to -) dodokwo e- e-dodokwo ki-donda;

husband mi N'- ; wa- m'-ml; wa-nii / w-oml
my husband mi N'- ; wa- m'-mi ako;
her husband mi N'- ; wa- m'-mi akwe;
hut (temporary -) (to look out for wild animals on a farm) tengo ki- ; shi- ki-tengo; shi-tengo
hyena ng'uruu zero- ; zero- -ng'uruu; =sg
idle (to be -) dokwo e- e-dokwo;
idle (to be -) tura e- e-tura kyeuta;
ill (to become -) lool e- e-loo;
illness, disease ndwaari zero- ; zero- -ndwaari; =sg

impala sala zero- ; zero- -sala; =sg
important (to be -) rinal e- e-wada rina;
important person ndu N'- ; wa- li'-ndu awode rina; wa-ndu

wawode rina
impossible (to be -) lema2 e- e-lema;
incline (to -) ow'eta e- e-ow'eta;
inclined (to make -) ow'eta e- e-ow'etera;
increase (to -), numerous (to become -) engera e- e-engerika;
infect (to -) ambutya e- e-ambutya;
inform (to -), tell (to -), let know (to -) w'ya2 e- e-w'ya;
information, matter, news, opinion mboni zero- ; zero- -mboni;
inhale (to -). breathe in (to -). pull (to -) omwo e- e-omwo;
279
lherit (to -) r'isi e-r'isi;
inherited things r'isi u- ; ngyuu- u-r'isi; ngyuu-r'isl
njure one's skin (to -), ,

graze (to -) raa e- e-raa kichoni;
injured (to become -) no generic word
nsect kurul i- ; ma- i-kuru; ma-kuru
nside idi kiki-ldi;
inside bottom, down, bottom shimbai zero- shimbai; =sg
nspect by pressing whether ripe or not (to -) fonda e- e-fonda;
inspect by pressing whether ripe or not (to -) fota e- e-fota;
nstead of baadala baadala;
instead of meat ndo2 a- a-ndo ko ] ng'an'ra;
nsult (to -), abuse (to -) arara e- e-arara;
nterlace (to -) suka2 e- e-suka;
interlace sticks (of the wall) (to -) suka2 e- e-suka ] shidi;
ntestines ula i- ; ma- i-ula; ma-ula
large intestines ula i- ; ma- i-ula lya ] madufi; ma-ula a

m^dufi
small intestines yoolo i- ; ma- i-yoolo; ma-yoolo
nvisible (to become - due to rain, fog, or darkness) r'umba e- e-r'umbia;
nvite(to-)(<Sw) karibisha e- e-karibisha ;
rish potato murungu zero-, zero- -murungu; =sg
ron, metal minya zero- ; zero- minya; =sg
rrigate (to -) nisa e- e-nisa;
irrigation, irrigation stream, canal fongo N'- ; mi- n'-fongo; mi-fongo
si and no word;
tis ki kei ki kei;
lis n' n';
tch (to -) r'eda e- e-r'eda;
itched (to be -) (pass) r'eda e- e-r'ejyo;
ammed (e.g., pipe etc.) (to become -) r'aba e- e-r'aba;
lanuary ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o kwansa;
icalous (to be -), envy (to -) wada2 e- e-wajya kir'iso;
agger (Kiwoso origin) fusa zero- ; zero- -fusa; =sg

iob runda ki- ; shi- ki-rundio; shi-rundio
join (to -), connect (to -) lunga e- e-lunga;
join (for a road/person to -) kuana e- e-kuana;
loint (of a body/door etc.) lunga i- ; ma- i-lungo; ma-lungo

lourney aro ki- ; shi- ki-aro; sha-aro
July ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o saba;
jump about/down/up/across/over (to -) (generic) tola e- e-tola;
lump over (a river) (to -), cross (a river) (to -) tola e- e-tola ] miida;
ump up (to -) tola e- e-tola ] wiiye;
lump on sb (to -), spring upon sb tola e- e-tolya;
lump into water (to -), dive (to -) kuru2 e- e-kaba ] n'-kuru;
June ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o sita;
jute bag, carrying sack kunyia i- ; ma- i-kunyia; m^-kunyia
K
1 ;
280

pi)
keep (to -), bear fruits (to -), clothe (sb) (to -) put (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika;
keep (domestic animals) (to -), take care of domestic w'ika e- e-w'ikia;
animals (to -), feed (to -)
kick (N) tenge i- ; ma- i-tenge / i-nanga; ma-tenge /
ma-nanga
kick (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ] Itenge / e-kaba ] inang.
kidnap (to -) wada2 e- e-wada;
kidney 00 zero- ; zero- -shio; -shio
Kifu's village (one of the village names) kifu-n' kifu-n';
kill (to -) wool e- e-woo;
killed (to be -) wool e- e-woowo;
kill by hanging (to -) ninika e- e-ninika;
kind (to be -) chia2 e- e-chia;
kind person cha2 N'- ; wari'-ndu ] ri'-cha; wd-ndu ] wach;
kind, sort
what kind of - da3 da; pf-da
what kind of ladle? da3 u- ; ngyuu- u-liko ] luda?; ngyuu-liko ] tida?
what kind of place ? da3 a- ; ku- a-ndo ] kiida?; kii-ndo ] kiida?
what kind of pot? da3 zero- ; zero- -niingu ] ida?; -niingu ] tida?
what kind of son? da3 N'- ; wari'-soro ] ada?; wa-soro ] wada''
what kind of thing? da3 ki- ; shi- ki-ndo ] kida?; shi-ndo ] shida?
what kind of tooth? da3 i- ; ma- i-yoo ] lyida?; ma-yoo ] ada?
what kind of tree? da3 N'- ; mi- ri'-ji ] tida?; mi-ji ] ida?
kindle (to -), light fire (to -) (Kiwoso origin) atal e- e-ata mudo;
kingfisher kumbulu N'- ri'-kumbulu; =sg

kiss (to -) no custom;
kitchen, fireplace ndo2 a- a-ndo ko mudo;
kitchen, cooking place r'uko-n' zero- ; ma- -r'uko-n'; ma-r'uk6-n'
Kiwoso person kiw'oso N'- ; wa- ni'-kiw'oso; wa-kiw'oso
kiw'oso zero- kiw'oso;
Kiwoso language kiw'oso kiki-kiw'oso;
knee, fly nVi zero- ; zero- -nr'i; =sg

kneel (to -) lemal e- e-lema n'-r'i;
knife (for male person to cut meat) andu ki- ; shi- ki-andu; shci-andu
kitchen knife r'o ki-N'- ki-n'-r'o; shi-n'-r'o

shi-N'-
knife (used to chop animal food; about 1 feet long) r'o N'- ; mi- n'-r'o; mi-n'-r'o, n'-r'o
knife for carving kombo u- ; ngyuu- u-kombo; ngyuu-kombo
handle of a knife munyi zero- ; zero- -munyi; =sg
hooked knife (for banana) roko i- ; ma- i-roko; ma-roko

knit (with hands) (to -) (kiwoso origin) oka e- e-oka;
knit (with tools) (to -) (kiwoso origin) w'eia e- e-w'eia;
undo (something knitted) (to -) oromwo e- e-or6mwo;

knock (to -) idekila e- e-idekila;
knock many times (to -) kaba e- e-kab^-kaba;
knot tur'uchuka ki- ; shi- ki-tur'iichwo; shi-tur'iichuo
know (to -), understand (a foreign language), believe (to manyal e- e-manya;
281

pi)
:k (to -), not to have, lose (to -), miss (to -) tura e- e-tura;
dder ngasi zero- ; zero- -ngasi ; =sg
die (generic) liko u- ; ngyoo- u-liko; ngyoo-liko / ngyuu-liko
ladle for alcoholic drinks, or for dipping water (big -) batal u- ; ngyoo u-bata; ngyoo-bata
ladle for mush iko tnu - ; mi- mw-iko; mi-iko
ladle itself liko u- ; ngyuu u-liko lueni; ngyuu-liko ngeeni
ladle, dipper, dish deewal ki- ; shi- ki-deewa; shi-deewa
ke no word;
me (to become -) wa2 e- e-wa kilema;
lame (to become -) wona e- e-wona kilema (= e-wa kilema);
lame person lemal ki- ; shi- ki-lema / ki-lema; shi-lema /
shi-lema
mp (traditional -) dude ki- ; shi- ki-dude; shi-dude
nd, soil ter'i zero- ; zero- -terT;
land of one family including home site and banana nda2 N'- ; mi- n'-nda; mi-nda
field, estate (cp. bush)
nguage, voice, word dedo ki- ; shi- ki-dedo; shi-dedo
st (to be the -) fur'umia e- e-fur'umia;
st-born no word;
tch (to -) sinr'ya e- e-sinr'ya;
te (to be -) cheleo e- e-cheleo;
late (to be -), disturb (to -), obstruct (to -) kaal e- e-kaa ] chia;
ugh, smile (to -), laugh (for hyena to -) seka e- e-seka;
laughter seka zero- ; zero- -seko;
iw sharia zero- ; zero- -sharia;
y (to -), keep for (to -), domesticate (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ikia;
lay egg (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ikya / e-w'ikia;
lay eggs (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ikya mayal;
ad (of metal) am bo i- ; ma- y-ambo; ma-ambo

ad the way (to -), show the way (to -) ora e- e-ora chia;
ader, elder miku N'- ; wa- m'-miku; wa-miku

leader of irrigation miku N'- ; wa- m'-miku o nfongo; wa-miku wa
nfongo
:af duu2 i- ; ma- i-duu; md-duu
ak (from vessel), throw (to -; generic) era e- e-era;
an (to -), vt amisa e- e-amisa;
lean (against sth) (to -), vi amisa e- e-ku-amisa;
m\ (to -) losha e- e-ku-16sha;
ather strap kanda2 N'- ; mi- n'-kanda; mi-kanda
ave (to -), move away (from sth) (to -) uka e- e-uka;
leave (sth) (to -), abandon (to -) deeya2 e- e-deeya (= e-da);

leave sth (when going out) (to -), stop (sth) (to -), da2 e- e-da (= e-deeya);
abandon (to -)
ft lutaamba lutaamba;
left hand woko u- ; ma- u-woko lutaamba;
g, foot dende u- ; ma- u-dende; ma-dende
calf of the leg taanr'i NT- ; mi- n'-taanr'i; mi-taanr'i
lower part of the leg, shin muuro zero- ; zero- -muuro; =sg
:mon, lime (introduced) ndimu zero- ; zero- -ndimu; =sq
;
282

pi)
lend money/sth (to -) akua e- e-akiiya;
lend domestic animal (to -) omba e- e-omba;
length, weight, depth, measurement, dimensions esha kiki-esho;
length esha kiki-esho ke leeya;
length, depth, height r'efu u- u-r'efu;
unit of length woko u- ; ma- u-woko; ma-woko
unit of length ayo il- ; ngy- u-wayo (< u-ayo); ngy-ayo

leopard luwaru u- ; ngyuu- u-luwaru; ngyiiu-luwaru
leprosy waw'e i- ; ma- i-waw'e; ma-waw'e
let in (to -), get into (to -), take in (to -) ita e- e-eta (< e-ita );
let know, tell (to -) w'ya2 e- e-w'ya;
letter (mail) baruwo zero- ; zero- baruwo; = sg; (baruo?)
level (to -), compare (to -), make change materials the ananisya e- e-an^nisya;
same size (to -)
lick with one's tongue/one's finger (to -) komba e- e-komba;
lid, stopper finiko ki- ; shi- ki-finiko; shi-finiko
lie mbor'u zero- ; zero- -mbor'u;
lie (to -), sleep (to -) lala e- e-laaya;
lie at (to -), sleep at (to -) lala e- e-lala;
lie down (to -), sleep (to -) lala e- e-lala shimbai;
lie on one's back (to -) lala e- e-laaya ) miingo;
lie on one's face (to -) lala e- e-laciya ] ndeu;
lie on one's side (to -) lala e- e-laaya uwari;
lie in wait (to -), ambush (to -) fisya e- e-fisya;
life isha - ; ma- ma-isha ;
lift (to -) eria e- e-eria;
light (<Sw?) angasa mo-, mu- mo-angdsa / mu-ang^sa;

mi- mi-angasa
light (in weight) (to be -) angwo e- e-angwo;
light stone wee2 i- ; ma- 1-wee lyaangu; ma-wee maangu
lightness aangu u- li-aangu;
light (to -), strike a match (to -) (Kiwoso origin) atal e- e-ata;
light a lamp (to -) atal e- e-ata kidude;
light fire (to -), kindle (to -) (Kiwoso origin) atal e- e-ata mudo;
light a match (to -), strike a match (to -) washa e- e-washa n'-fi;
lighten (to -) mika e- e-mika;
lightning waruka u- ; ngyuu- u-waruka; ngyuu-waruka
like (to -), want (to -), love (to -) kunda e- e-kunda;
like a thing (to-) kunda e- e-kunda ) kindo;
like each other (to -) kunda e- e-kunda-na;
liked (to be -) kunda e- e-kundo;
like, as cha3 cha;
ladle like this cha3 u- ; ngyuu- u-liko cha elu; ngyiiu-liko cha e
place like this cha3 a- ; ku- a-ndo cha yaa; kii-ndo cha kuni
pot like this cha3 zero- ; zero- mingu cha ) eyi; niingu cha ]
el
son like this cha3 N'- ; wa- n'-soro cha 1 etu; wa-soro cha
ewa
thing like this cha3 ki- ; shi- ki-ndo cha eki; shi-ndo cha eshi
tooth like this cha3 i- ; ma- i-yoo cha elyi; ma-yoo cha ewa
283

pi)
tree like this cha3 N'- ; mi- ri'-ji cha ] etu; ml-ji cha ] eyi
ne up (to -) banga2 e- e-ku-b^nga;
on (no exist in this area) simba zero- ; zero- -simba; =sg
P
romu ki- ; shi- ki-romu; shi-romu
sten (to -), attention (to pay -), listen (to sb) silently (to -) adanya e-adanya / e-adania;
listened (to be -) (pass) adanya e-adanyo / e-adnio;
t (for a lamp to become -) ato e- e-ato;
ttle bit (a -) ntu kiki-ntu;
little bit; a little bit ago, recently kancha kancha kintu;
a little later, shortly, soon dakika zero- ; zero- -dakika eto tiichaa;
ver jima zero- ; ma- jima; ma-jima
ving person ndu NT- ; wari'-ndu achiishii; wa-ndu wachiishi
zard ndooshi zero- ; zero- -ndooshi; =sg

house lizard bara ki- ; shi- ki-bara moondi; shi-bara moondi
something that breaks bara ki- ; shi- ki-bara; shi-bara
striped lizard ndooshi zero- ; zero- -ndooshi; =sg

striped lizard (slender -) ndooshi zero- ; zero- -ndooshi ya wanga; ndooshi ta
wanga
>ad (to -), take sth up (to -), raise (to -) shamita e- e-shamita;
load, luggage, parcel kucha N'- ; mi- n '-kucha; mi-kucha
load, luggage siko N'- ; mi- n'-siko; mi-siko
)ck (to -), close (to -) shinga e- e-shinga;
locking pole (Kiwoso origin) sinr'ya N'- ; mi- li '-sinr'ya; mi-sinr'ya
3CUSt rel zero- ; zero- ri'-re; =sg

Dg bridge, crossing point of a river lalo i- ; ma- i-lalo; ma-lalo
3g, stump of a tree, fallen tree kongo2 i- ; ma- i-kongo; ma-kongo

jincloth, waistcloth for man, baby sling korori N'- ; mi- n '-korori; mi-korori
jiter (to -), walk about (to -), stroll (to -), rum (to -) runguda e- e-rungiida;
loiter (to -), walk aimlessly (to -) raaraa e- e-raaraa;
Dneliness kiwa u- u-kiwa;
jng (to be -), high (to be -), deep (to be -) leeya e- e-leeya;
long stick leeya ki- ; shi- ki-di kileeye; shi-di shileeye
nng ago, olden times, the past kancha kancha;
ook at (to -), face sth (to -), take care of (to -), foretaste n'la e- e-n'la;
to -), look after a child (to -)
look around (to -) n'la e- e-n'la mbar'i-n';
look behind (to -) n'la e- e-n'la numa;

look at each other (to -) n'la e-ku- e-ku-ri'la;
look after animals (to -), keep (domestic animals) (to w'ika e- e-w'ikia;
-)
look for (to -), seek (to -), heat season (for cattle to shial e-shia;
be-)
oose (for a nail/something tied to become -) erengede e- e-erengede;

loose firmness (to -), droop (to -) naa e- e-naa;
loosen (to -) boromuo e- e-boromuo;

loosen/untied (to become - naturally) tur'uchuka e- e-tur'tichuka;
ose (to -), misguide (to -) (vt) deta e- e-deta;
lost (to get -) deka e- e-deka;

lose one's way (to -) deka e- e-deka ] chia
284

pi)
lost (swh) (to be -) deka e- e-dekia;
lose a war (to -), defeated in a war (to be -) lema2 e- e-lemo ] fida;
loudly mun'nu mun'nu;
louse (generic) ndal zero- ; zero- -nda; =sg

love (to -), like (to -), want (to -) kunda e- e-kunda;
love each other (to -) kunda e- e-kunda-na;
low (for cattle to -), baa (for goat/sheep to -), thank (to -) anal e- e-ana;
low (to be -) fuuya e- e-fuiiya;
low mountain fuuya N'- ; mi- ri'-lima n'-fuiii; mi-lima mi-fuui
lower jaw moondu zero- ; zero- -moondu o shimbai; -moondu ta
shimbai
luggage, parcel, load kucha N'- ; mi- n'-kucha; mi-kucha
luggage, load siko N'- ; mi- n'-siko; mi-siko
lung washi-washi i- ; ma- 1-washi-washi; ma-washiwashi
M
mad/crazy/insane (to become -) suko e-suko;
mad person, crazy person suko N'- ; wari'-suko; wa-suko
madness, craziness suko il- ;

- u-suko;
maggot kurul i- ; ma- i-kuru; ma-kuru
maize, maize plant, maize grain, corn emba2 i- ; ma- e-emba (< i-emba); me-emba
maize field deme N'- ; mi- n'-deme o meemba; mi-deme ya
meemba
make (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika / e-w'ika;
make (to -), build (to -), castrate (to -) tana e- e-tana;
malaria sengu i- ; ma- i-sengu; ma-sengu
mamba (green -) sale u- ; ngyuu- u-sale; ngyuu-sale
man, male (of a human being) dumi N'- ; wa- n'-dumi; w-omi
mane of (the horse/lion) kukutya - ; ma- nici-kukutya;
mango (a kind of fruits) (introduced recently) embe zero- ; ma- e-embe / -eembe?; me-embe
mantis r'ambuo i- ; ma- i-r'ambuo kadu; md-r'ambuo kad
manure, fertilizer (excrements of cattle/goats) alal ki- ; shi- kl-ala; shci-ala
many people ndu - ; wa- wd-ndu wafie;

many things ndol - ; shi- shl-ndo shifie;
March irt mu- mw-ir'i o kadadu;
mark on face sare zero- ; zero- -sare; =sg

make two slits with a knife under each eye (to -), racha e- e-racha;
slash (to -), cut off (to -),
market (open market) nange ki- ; shi- ki-nange; shi-nange
marry (for a man to -), grab (to -), hold (to -) wada2 e- e-wada;
marry (for a man/woman to -) wada2 e- e-wada mawoko;

married woman ka N'- ; wa- n'-ka aandwe; wa-ka waawadwe
marry (for a man) (to -), send (to -) alika e- e-alika;
marry (for a woman) (to -) (lit. to be sent) dao e- e-dao;
marry (for man to -), send (sth) (to -), deliver (to -) doo e- e-doo;
mash banana with hands to brew an alcoholic drink fonda e- e-fonda;

"kibukusa" (to -)
mash banana with hands to brew an alcoholic drink fota e- e-fota;

"kibukusa" (to -)
massage (to -) fota e- e-fota-fota;

285

pi)
t, sleeping mat made of knitted grass, leaf (<Kiwoso kucha N'- ; mi- n '-kucha; mi-kucha
gin)
ten fi N'- ; mi- n'-fi; mi-fi
tter. news, opinion, information mboni zero- ; zero- -mboni;
iture (for boys or girls) (to become -) torika e- e-torika;
mature (of a fruit on the tree) (to be/become -) kwo e- e-kwo;
mature (of a fruit on the tree) (to be/become too -) bora2 e- e-boo;
ay ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o tanu;
iybe baati baafi;
: (Independent PN) nyin', nin' nyin' / nin';
:an (to be -) wa2 e- e-wa muumu;
mean person muumu N'- ; wari'-ndu muumu; wa-ndu woomu

;aning manyal ki- ; shi- ki-manya; shi-manya
:asure (to -) bima e- e-bima;
;asure (to -) esha e- e-esha;
measure, measurement, dimensions, length, weight, esha ki- ; shi- ki-esho; shl-esho
depth
;at ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra; =sg

meat etc. ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra na shindo shingi;
meat not cooked enough ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra il^ngishe ] nicha;
ng'an'ra tilangishe ] nicha
greasy meat, fat ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra ya mafuda; ng'an'ra ta

mafuda
meat without bones, flesh ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra ya m'-mbii; ng'an'ra ta
m-mbii
edicine man, witch doctor saw'i N'- ; wa- n'-sawT; wa-saw"i
edicine, tree jil N'- ; mi- n'-ji; mi-ji
medicine for human beings, agricultural chemicals dawa2 zero- ; zero- -dawa;
eet (to -), meet together (for a road) (to -), assemble kuana e- e-kuanya;
p-)(vi.)
meeting kuana i- ; ma- i-kuanu; ma-kuanu

meeting place, openspace in a village, football bata2 i- ; ma- i-bata; ma-bata
ground
emorize, remember (to -) kumbuo e- e-kumbuo;

end (for house, clothes, etc.) (to -), repair (to -) sungusia e- e-sungusia;
eow (to -), cry (to -), howl (to -) anal e-ana;
etal, iron minya zero- ; zero- minya; =sg
iddle, centre idi ki- ;

- ki-ldi;
idwife (lit. old woman) keku N'- ; wa- n'-keku; wa-keku
iild (to be -) fool e- e-foo;
mild person fool N'- ; wari'-ndu n-foo; wa-ndu wafoo

lift lela -
; ma- no sg; ma-lela
sour milk lela -

; ma- ma-lela adookie;
'ilk (to -) kama e- e-kama;
illet (i.e., finger-millet) (kiwoso origin) umbi zero- ; zero- -umbi; =sg
take a millet-head with a knife "kinro" from the plant w'yaa e- e-w'yaa umbi;
(to -), cut with a knife (to -) (generic)
lillipede chongololo i- ; ma- l-chongololo; ma-chongololo
linister chili N'- ; wari'-chili; wa-chili
nute dakika zero- ; zero- -dakika;

286
mirror yool ki- ; shi- kl-yoo; shi-yoo
misguide (to -), lose (to -) (vt) deta e- e-deta;
miss (to -), fail to (do) (to -) tura e- e-tura;
mist, fog, vapour musu-musu i- ;

- i-musu-musu;
mistake kosa - ; ma- ma-kosa;
make a mistake (to -) kosa e- e-kosya;
mix (to -), stir (to -) sanda e- e-sanda;
mix sth into (to -), put together swh (to -) sanda e- e-sandia;
mixed (to become -) sanda e-ku- e-ku-sanda;
mixed (to be -) rya2 e- e-ryo;
mold (pottery) (to -) umba2 e- e-umba;
mold pottery (to -) umba2 e- e-umba nungu;

mold pottery (to -) tana e- e-tana nungu;
mold, mushroom choo i- ; ma- i-choo; ma-choo

mole fukol zero- ; zero- -fiiko; =sg
moment (at the -t when) er'i kiki-er'i kyo;
Monday juma zero- -jumatatu;
money besa N'- ; N' m'-besa; =sg
money eler'i zero- ; zero- elerl; =sg

monkey (generic) no word;
blue monkey ngima zero- ; zero- -ngima; =sg
bushbaby ngangaya zero- ; zero- -ngangaya; =sg
colobus monkey, Kilimanjaro Colobus ndooro zero- ; zero- -ndooro; =sg

velvet monkey nangoyo ki- ; shi- kl-nangoyo; shl-nangoyo
month, moon, moonlight iî mu- mi- ; mw-ir'i; mi-irT
last month ir*i mu- mw-ir'i ulesya;
next month ir"i mu- mw-ir'i uucha;
this month ir'i mu- mw-ir'i tu / mw-ir'i etu;
morning tiko u- ;
- u-tiko (= ngama );
morning ngama zero- -ngama;
mortar for pounding uri ki- ; shi- ki-url; shi-un
mosque sikiti N'- ; mi- n'-sikifl; mi-sikifi
mosquito mbu N'- ; N' m'-mbu; =sg
mosquito (very small -) sindanul zero- ; zero- -sindanu; =sg

moss ngow'era zero- ; zero- -ngow'era; =sg
mother mai zero- ; wa- -mai; wa-mal
Mother!, Grandmother! (used by children excluidng mai zero- ; wa- -mai ma;
the first-born)
Mother!, Grandmother! (used by the first-born) mai zero- ; wa- -mai ] mbe;
mother; my mother, my mothers mai zero- ; wa- -mai ]
ya^ko; wa-mai ) wiko
mother; our mother, our mothers mai zero- ; wa- -mai yeedu;
mother; your (sg.) mother, your (sg.) mothers mai zero- ; wa- -mai yaafo; wa-mai wafo
mother; your (pi.) mother, your (pi.) mothers mai zero- ; wa- mai 1
yeeni;
mother; his mother, his mothers mai zero- ; wa- -mai 1

yaakwe; wa-mai 1
wakwe
mother; their mother, their mothers mai zero- ; wa- mai 1

yaawo;
woman who lately bore a child, new mother boral N'- ; wa- m'-bora; wa-bora
mother-in-law mai zero- ; wa- -mai-am'mi / -mam'mi;

wa-mai-am'mi / wa-mam'mi
287
mother-in-law mai zero- maa-ye-anka (< mai o nka);
juntain, hill lima N'- ; mi- ri'-lima; mi-lima
turning dembo zero- ; ma- -dembo; ma-dembo
oustache, beard (generic) ngerero zero- ; zero- -ngerero; =sg
outh kana zero- ; zero- -kana; =sg
ove (vi) (to -), approach (to -) sembea e- e-sembea;
move (sth) (to -) (vt) sembea e- e-sembera;
move one's residence (to -), move (to -) sama e- e-sama;
move to (to -) sama e- e-samia;
move away (to -), leave (to -) uka e- e-uka;
ow grass (to -), cut (to -), grass (to -), wuta e- e-wuta maare;
ud dodo i- ; ma- i-dodo; ma-dodo
muddy (for water) (to be -) wa2 e- e-wa mddodo;
uddle (to -) forongota e- e-forongota;
muddle by stirring (to -) forongota e- e-forongota muda;
iush karil u- u-karl; =sg

lushroom, mold choo i- ; ma- i-choo; ma-choo
lusical instrument which is tied at the ankle and which chengere ki- ; shi- ki-chengere; shi-chengere
lakes a rattling sound
msty (to become -) mya e- e-mya machoo;

lyself nyin', nin' nyin' muni / nin' muni;
N
ail shimari N'- ; mi- n'-shimari; mi-shimari
ame rinal zero- ; ma- -rina; ma-rina
name (to -) (lit. give+name) ininga e- e-eninga r'ina;
amely nkyo nkyo lwaambe;

lwaambe
asal mucus choma i- ; ma- i-choma; ma-choma
avel mambocho ki- ; shi- ki-mambocho; shi-mambocho
navel (of animal) tofu ki- ; shi- ki-tofu; shi-tofu
ear, near place fuuya ku- ku-fuui;
near/shallow/short (to be -) fuuya e- e-fuuya;
eck, throat ryal N'- ; mi- n'-rya; mi-n'-rya
ecklace, necklace made by beads, bead (kiwoso origin) mbisa zero- ; zero- -mbisa; =sg
necklace made of chain (kiwoso origin) she N'- ; mi- n'-she; mi-she
eed (to -), want (to -) tinyia e- e-tinyio;
eedle (to sew cloth) sindanu2 zero- ; zero- -sindanu; =sg

eighbour dasa N'- ; mi- wa-n'-dasa; =sg
est sasi3 i- ; ma- 1-sasi; ma-sasi
let waafu zero- ; zero- -waafu ; =sg

iew knife andu ki- ; shi- kl-andu ) kisha; shi-andu ) shlsha
iews, opinion, information, matter mboni zero- ; zero- -mboni;
newspaper kaseti i- ; ma- l-kasefi; ma-kasefi

text
the next road chial zero- ; zero- -chia eto tingi (> chle eto tingi);
the next tree jil N'- n'-ji eto ungi (> n-je etu ungi);
the next car kari3 i- 1-kari elyo lyingi / Ikari itii lyingi;
light o2 ki- ; shi- ki-o (> ky-o ); shi-o

288
English Stem Pf Word (sg , pi)
nightjar fajio i- ; ma- i-fajio; ma-fajio
nine keenda ku- ku-keenda;
nineteen kumi i- i-kumi na tisa;
ninety tisiini zero- -tisiini;
nipple, teat nyodo zero- ; zero- -nyodo; =sg

no oode oode;
noise renge ki- ; shi- ki-renge; shi-renge
noisy (to be -) kirenge e-kaba kirenge;
noisy (to be -) wada2 e- e-wada kirenge;
make a noise (to -) kaba e- e-kaba kirenge;
noisy town ndo2 a- ; ku- Sndo kuwode kirenge; kii-ndu

kuwode kirenge
nonstop talker, one who makes a great fuss amia N'- ; wari'-ndu mwami; wa-ndu waami
-
noon, daytime (against night) saniini ll- ; u-saniini;
north ndool -ndoo;
nose, nostril bwo N'-; m'-bwo; =sg
nothing ndol che ki-ndo-n';
notice (to -), listen (to -), attention (to pay -) adanya e-adanya;
notice (to -), see (to -) lolya e- e-lolya;
November iî mu- mw-ir'i o ikumi na umwi;
now laalu laalu;
nowadays konu N'- ; mi- mi-konu eyi;
nowadays suku2 zero- ; zero- suku (e)ti;
numerous (to become -), increase (to -) engera e- e-engerika;
nut, berry ndara zero- ; zero- -ndara;
O
obey (to -) tii e-tfi / i-tii ;
obey (to -), agree (to -) wal e- e-wa;
obstruct (to -), disturb (to -), close (to ), obstruct the sight shinga e- e-shingia;
(to-)
obstruct (to -), disturb (to -) shinga e- e-shingia ] chla;
obstruct (to -), late (to be -), disturb (to -) kaal e- e-kaa ] chia;
obtain (to -), get (to -) wona e- e-wona;
occiput nini ki- ; shi- ki-nini; shi-nini
occupy (to -), stay (to -), remain (to -) kaal e- e-kaa;
October ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o ikumi;
often mara mara kifie;
oil (generic) fuda - ; ma- ma-fuda;
cooking oil fuda - ; ma- ma-fuda ekora;

lamp oil fuda - ; ma- ma-fuda a taa;
oil (to make -) kaanga e- e-kaanga mafuda;

mafuda
oil-palm not exist;
old age ku u- u-ku;
old clothes torn ngocha zero- ; zero- -ngocha; =sg

old man miku N'- ; wa- m'-miku; wa-miku
old woman, midwife keku N'- ; wa- n'-keku; wa-keku
olden times, long ago, the past kancha kancha;
once mwi lyi-mwi;

289
su zero- -m'su;
one person ndu N'- n'-ndu umwi;
one thing, together mwi kiki-mwi;
lion (introduced) tunguu ki- ; shi- ki-tunguu ; shi-tunguu
ily tubu tiibu;
only book tubu ki- ; shi- ki-tabu tubu; shi-tabu
only meat ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra tubu;
ien (to -) ruo e- e-ruo;
open one's mouth (to -) ruo e- e-ruo ] kaua.
open sth (to -) ruuya e- e-ruuya;
open a cattle pen (to -) ruuya e- e-ruuya umbe;
open (to -) r'umba e- e-r'umbwo;
open one's eyes (to -) r'umba e- e-r'umbwo miso ;
open (to be -), regain consciousness, revive (to -) ruka e- e-ruka;
open the field (to -), make a garden (to -) duuna e- e-duuna n'-deme;
jenspace in a village, football ground, meeting place bata2 i- ; ma- i-bata; ma-bata
)inion, information, matter, news mboni zero- ; zero- -mboni;
jpose to (to -), disagree (to -), contradict (to -) leya e- e-leya;
)posite to (to be -) sumana3 e- e-sumana;
(maize - oil) emba2 zero- ; ma- me-emba aan' ] mafuta;
maize, oil or salt emba2 i- ; ma- me-emba (aan) mafuta aan

chumbi;
ange (introduced) chunga s' ; ma- 1-chunga; md-chunga
der (to -), command (to -) amurisha e- e-amurisha, e-amiirisha;
phan, poor person ngoda zero- ; zero- -ngoda; =sg

her, another, some ngi ngi;
other; the other side taar'i zero- ; zero- -taar'i ingi;
irselves nyesi, esi nyesi w'eeni / esi w'eeni;
itcast due to physical handicaps sukul ki- ; shi- ki-suku; shi-suku
lirun (sb) (to -) ida e- e-ida;
itside, home bo zero- ; zero- bo;
/er than (to be -), surpass (to -) eda e- e-eda;
'er there, the place in question (definite place) lya2 a- a-lya;
'erflow (to -) busuka e- e-busuka;
'erpower (to -) emial e- e-emia;

vl fumbudu i- ; ma- i-fumbiidu; ma-fumbudu
vner inyi mu- ; wa- mw-inyl; we-enyi
icify (a baby) (to -) lemba e- e-lemba-lemba;

ick (to -), assemble (to -) (vt) sung'ania, e- e-sung'5nia / e-sung'anya;
sung'anya
id (head -, shoulder -) ngada zero- ; zero- -ngada; =sg
m (to feel -), bitter (to be -), carry child (to -) wawa e- e-wawa;
pain, bitterness wawa N'-(cl. 3);- n'-wawo;
ilmof the hand kidao ki- ; shi- ki-dao; shi-dao
tpaya (introduced) babai i- ; ma- 1-babal; m^-babai

iper karitasi zero- ma- -karitasi ma-karitasi
; ;
xasitic plant (generic) lalaangwe ki- ; shi- ki-lalaangwe; shl-lalaangw

290
Pardon me. Excuse me. Allow me. I regret. I am wrong. kwade kwade;
Pare person Bare N'- ; wa- m'-bare; wa-bare
Pare language Bare kiki-bare;
parent sasi2 N'- ; wa- n'-sasl; wa-sasl
parenthood sasi2 u- u-sasl / u-sasi;
part (with sb) (to -) lakana e- e-lakana;
pass (to -) ida e- e-ida;
paste (to -) ambya2 e- e-ambya;
paste this with that (to -) ambya2 e- e-ambya eki na kya;

pasted up (to be already - ) pasted up (to be - by sb ) ambya2 e- e-ambyo;
patch (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika;
patch (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika kiraka;
patch raka ki- ; shi- ki-raka; shi-raka
path, road (generic), trail of wild animals chial zero- ; zero- -ch'ia; =sg
patient, invalid ndu N'- ; wa- n'-ndu alwe; wa-ndu walwe
pause (to -), remain (to -), stop (to -), stop to wait (to -) iricha e- e-iricha;
(vi)
pay (to -), return (money) (to -) taa e- e-taa;
pay tribute (to -) taa e- e-taa kodi;
pay wages (to -) taa e- e-taa n'-shaara;
payment lipo - ; ma- no sg; ma-lipo
peach ndunda zero- ; zero- -ndunda; =pl
peck (to -) dola e- e-dola;
peel (to -) dumuo e- e-dumuo;
peel (a ripe banana) (to -) dumuo e- e-dumuo makundu;

peel (skin of fruits) with a knife (to -) w'enya e- e-w'enya;
peel (an unripe banana) (to -) w'enya e- e-w'enya mbwee;
peel off (to -) ouo e- e-ouo (> yo-ouo );
peep at/through (to -) amaia e- e -amaia;
peg wamba u- ; ngyuu- u-wambo; ngyiiu-wambo /
-mbambo
peg out the skin (to -) wamba e- e-wamba kichoni;
pen, cage (for animal/bird) sirie N'- ; mi- n'-sirie; mi-sirie
penis, testicle masi ki- ; shi- ki-masi; shl-masi
penis, testicle (vulgar) mbolo zero- ; zero- -mbolo; =sg
pepper bilibili zero- ; zero- bilibili; =sg

perhaps baati baafi;
period, time, chin er'i ki- ; shi- ki-er'i (> kye-er'i);
person ndu N'- ; wa- n'-ndu; wd-ndu

person who is skilful in agriculture ndu N'- ; wa- n'-ndu eechi edema; w^-ndu
weechi edema
perspire (to -). damp with condensation (to be -) chichina e- e-chichina;
perspire (to -) chichina e- e-chichina ] ri'-r'ike;
pestle chi N'- ; mi- ri'-chi; mi-chi
phlegm koowo i- ; ma- i-koowo; ma-koowo

pick fruits/flowers (to -), catch hold (fruits) with a hook towa e- e-towa;
(to-)
pick fruits (from a tree) (to -) haa e- e-haa matunda;

291

pi)
pick fruits with a hooked knife (to -), catch hold racha e- e-racha na iroko;
(fruits) with a hook (to -)
pick up (sth from the floor) (to -) eria e- e-eria;
pick up (to -), get what sb has left (to -) wona e- e-wona;
pick up food bit by bit (for a bird to -) dola e- e-dola;
;ture picha zero- ; ma- -picha; ma-picha
;ce enga ki- ; shi- ki-enga; she-enga
;rce (to -) docha e- e-docha;
g, domestic pig nguw'e zero- ; zero- -nguw'e; =sg
geon mbata zero- ; zero- -mbata; =sg
'How to N'- ; mi- n'-to; mi-to
mple beso zero- -beso; =sg
n down (to -), hold for (sb) (to -), press down (to -) wada2 e- e-wajya;
pin down sb (to -), press down (to -) wada2 e- e-wajya shimbai;
nch (a bit of salt, an arm, etc.) (to -) chuna e- e-chuna;
neapple (introduced) nanasi i- ; ma- i-nanasi; ma-nanasi
t of the stomach chembe zero- ; zero- -chembe ya moyo; -chembe ta

moyo
tfall doo u- ; ngyuu- u-doo; ngyuu-doo
ace (definite -) ndo2 a- a-ndo (= ny&ndo );
place (indefinite -) ndo2 ku- kii-ndo;
place itself ndo2 a- ; ku- a-ndo kueni; kii-ndo kueni
place where a divine message is passed to villagers, ndasha zero- ; zero- -ndasha;
fortune-telling
ait (a mat) (to -) suka2 e- e-suka;
an (to -) banga2 e- e-banga;
ant (maize) (to -), drill (to -) waakya e- e-wacikya;
iaster (to -) kandika e- e-kandika;
late, dish deewal N'- ; mi- n'-deewa; mi-deewa
lay (to -) tawana e- e-tawana;
play football (to -) chesa e- e-chesa;
play ball (to -) chesa e- e-kaba ] ni'-bira;
lease woi woi;
lease (to -) chiiya e- e-chiiya;
pleased with (to be -), happy with (to be -) chiiya e- e-chiiyo;
lenty mbor'a zero- ; zero- -mbor'a;
lough (to -), farm (to -) dema e- e-dema;

luck out feathers (to -) tumuo, e- e-tumuo / e-tumwo;
tumwo
oint (to -) olonga e- e-olonga;
oison applied to arrows roi u- u-rol;
poison applied to arrows reeyo ki- ; shi- ki-reeyo; shi-reeyo
okein(to-) w'ika e- e-w'ika;
ilish (to -) kaba e- e-kaba shaadii rang!;

olygamy mitara zero- mitara; no pi.
polygamize (to -) doo e- e-doo ] mitara;
ond, deep place in the river ruwa2 zero ma- -ruwa; ma-ruwa
oor person, orphan ngoda zero- ; zero- -ngoda; =sg
poor (to be -) wa2 e- e-wa ngoda;
)
292

pi)
porcupine sasa zero- ; zero- -sasa; =sg

possess (to -), catch (to -), hold (to -) wada2 e- e-wada;
pot (generic) nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu; =sg

pot for keeping water nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu ya muda; nungu ta muda
pot itself nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu ngeeni;
pound (to -), beat (to -), take out maize grain from the kaba e- e-kaba;
corncob (to -), thresh (to -)
pound leaves (to -) kaba e- e-kaba n'-ji;
pound maize grains to remove their chaff (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ] meemba;
pour (water) (to -) leta e- e-leta;
pour out (to -) busuo e- e-busuo;
praise (to -), speak good of sb (to -) deda2 e- e-deda ] nicha;
pray (to -) ter'ewa e- e-ter'ewa;
pregnant (for human beings) (to become -) funga e- e-ku-fiinga;
pregnant (for animals) (to become -), show (to -) ora e- e-ora;
prepare (to -) (no generic word, see "ekoara" (to cook) tayarisha e- e-ku-tayarisha ;
or "ekora muda" (to boil water)
prepare to dry (to -), stretch skin (to -) wamba e- e-wamba;

press (to -) (generic) sirya e- e-sirya;
press tenderly with fingers (to -) sirya e- e-sirya na minyi;
press down (to -), pin down (to -), help to hold (to -) wada2 e- e-wajya;
press down (to -), pin down sb (to -) wada2 e- e-wajya shimbai;
press out some pus (to -) kama e- e-kama;
press sth to fix it (to -) sing'ir'ia e- e-sing'ir'ia;
press sth to make it smaller (to -), compress (to -) sinda2 e- e-sinda;
price ur'u2 u- ; ngyuu- u-ur'u; ngyuu-ur'u
principal wife ka N'- ; wa- n'-ka-n'-niini; wa-ka-wa-niini
prod (with a stick) (to -) docha e- e-docha;
prohibit to eat (a certain thing) (to -), refuse (to -) ema e- e-ema (< e-ima);
dog (one of prohibited foods) te ki- ; shi- ki-te; shi-te
nightjar (one of prohibited foods) fajio i- ; ma- i-fajio; ma-fajio
owl (one of prohibited foods) fumbudu i- ; ma- i-fumbiidu; ma-fumbudu

rat (one of prohibited foods) kookoi i- ; ma- i-kookoi / i-kookoi; ma-kook6i /
ma-kookoi
testicles of bull (a prohibited food of woman) mbolo zero- ; zero- -mbolo taumbe;
promise asa3 ki- ; shi- kl-asa; shi-asa
prop shi 1 N'- ; mi- n'-shi; mi-shi
property, belongings, wealth ndol ki- ; shi- ki-ndo; shi-ndo
prosper (to -) ' wada2 e- e-wada ] mbor'a;
protect (to -), defend (to -) r'inga e- e-r'inga;
provoke and watch the reaction (to -) esha e-ku- e-kw-esha;
pubic hair ambwii ki- ; shi- ky-ambwii; shi-ambwii
pull (to -), suck out (to -), breathe in (to -), omwo e - e-omwo ( > yo-omwo);
pull out (to -), uproot (to -) wuta e- e-wuta;
pumpkin sidi i- ; ma- i-sidi; ma-sidi
pupil na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na o shuule ( > muno o shuule
); wa-na wa shuule
purify (to -), beg forgiveness after one was cursed (to -) olokya e- e-olokya;
pus shal u- ;
- u-sha;
293
ish (sth) away (to -) sembea e- e-sembera;
push (sth) away (to -) sembea e- e-sembera kwacha;
push (to -) sembea e- e-sembera;
push (to -) sukuma e- e-sukuma ;
it (to -), put in (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika;
put in sth through a narrow space (to -) aka e- e-aka;
put on (to -), smear (to -) ambal e- e-amba;
put on a medicine, smear a medicine (to -) ambal e- e-amba J

ri'-ji;
put on (sth) on one's body (to -), smear (sth) on one's ambal e- e-kw-amba ;
body
put in order (to -) ananisya e- e-ananisya;
put in order (to -), arrange (to -) banga2 e- e-banga;
put in properly (to -) banga2 e- e-banga nicha;
put (sth on the fire) (to -) deiya e- e-deiya;
put a pot (on the fire) (to -) deiya e- e-deiya nungu;
put up (sth) on one's head (to -) dika e- e-dika ] n'-dwe-n';
put down (luggage) from head (to -) duo e- e-duo;
put sth on sth (to -), pile up (to -) ekera e- e-sungania;
put sth on the top (to -) ekera e- e -ekera;
put milk back in the mouth after swallowing (to -) iwur'u e- e-iwur'u;
put into disorder (to -) saluo e- e-saluo;
put into disorder terribly (to -) saluo e- e-saluo-saluo;
put sth down (to -) (caus) sambuka e- e-sambuta (= e-sarambiita );
put together swh (to -), mix sth into (to -) sanda e- e-sandia;
put down (to -) (caus) sarambuka e- e-sarmbuta (= e-sambuta);
put in with force (to -) sinda2 e- e-sinda;
thon sadu2 zero- ; zero- -sadu; =sg
Q
larrel (to -) sakya e- e-sakya;
lickly, fast, very den' den' ;
quickly fere-fere -fere-fere;
liet (for a person to be -), quiet (or a person to keep -) woiya e- e-woiya;
quiet completely (to be -) woiya e- e-wolya sau;
R
in mbwo zero- ; zero- -mbwo; =sg
rain with hail mbwo zero- ; zero- -mbwo ya masaao;
rain (to -), beat (to -) kaba e- e-kaba;
inbow kori i- ; ma- i-kori; ma-kori

ise (to -), go up (to -), come up (for the sun) (to -) aluka e- e-aluka;
raise (to -), load (to -), take sth up (to -) shamita e- e-shamlta;
ke up (to -), gather up with fingers (to - repeatedly) wada2 e- e-wada-wada;

eneric)
m (a stick into the ground) (to -) kaba e- e-kabia;
t (generic) kookoi i- ; ma- i-kookoi; ma-kook6i
Giant African rat boboru ki- ; shi- ki-boboru; shl -boboru

w meat ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra ] ingiw'isKl; ng'ai
ngiw'ishi
zor eembe u- ; N'- u-eembe (> w-eembe); mb-eembe

294
read (to -), study (to -) soma e- e-soma ;
ready for harvesting (to be -) sambwo2 e- e-sambwo;
rear, in back of, at the back of kari2 zero- ; zero- kari; =sg
reason maduma ki- ; shi- ki-maduma; shi-maduma
reason why, because nyelyi -nyelyi;
recalcitrant (to be -) lema2 e- e-lema;
receive (to -) ambyal e- e-ambya;
recently, a little bit ago kancha kancha kintu;
reconstruct (after a disaster) (to -) tana e- e-tana lyingi;
recover consciousness (to -) ruka e- e-ruka;
red (lit. colour of blood) samu e- -samu;
red (to become -) fana e- e-fana samu;
red colour fan a zero- -fana ya samu;
red soil ter'i zero- ; zero- -ter'i ya samu;
red stone wee2 i- ; ma- i-wee lya samu;
red stone wee2 i- ; ma- i-wee lyifane samu; ma-wee

afane samu
reduce the girth (to -), sharpen (to make -) sisia e- e-sisifa;
refuse (to -) leya e- e-leya;
refuse (to -), deny (to -) ema e- e-ema (< e-ima);

release (to -), set free (a captive) (to -) leketa e- e-leketa;
remain (to -) saa2 e- e-saa;
remain (to -), stay (to -), occupy (to -) kaal e- e-kaa;
remain (to -), stop (to -), stop to wait (to -) (vi) iricha e- e-iricha;
remain on the surface of water (to -) elea e- e-elea;
remain silent (when called) (to -) woiya e- e-woiya;
remember (to -), recall to mind (to -) kumbuo e- e-kumbuo;
remove (to -), shift sth to different place (to -) teshuo e- e-teshuo;
remove by cutting (to -), pull out (to -), take out (to wuta e- e-wuta;
-), uproot (to -), dislodge (something jammed) (to -)
remove food from the pot with hands (to -) wuta e- e-wuta kelya nungu-n';
remove roots/other debris in the field (to -), hold wada2 e- e-wada-wada;
many times (to -)
re-open the road/the watreway of irrigation (to -) leketa e- e-leketa ] chia;
repair (to -), mend (to -) sungusia e- e-sungusia;
repaired (to be - by sb, to become -) sungusia e- e-sungusio;
repeat (to -) uiya e- e-uiya;
repeat the same thing and annoy sb (to -) seleta e- e-seleta;
replace (to -), change (to -), exchange (to -) alacha e- e-alacha;
report (to -) doo e- e-doo ) mbdni;
request (to -), beg (to -) ter'ewa e- e-ter'ewa;
resemble (to -), similar to (to be -) waka e- e-waka;
return (to -) wuya e- e-wuya;
return (money) (to -), pay (to -) taa e- e-taa;
return (to -), return to parent's house (for wife to -) uka e- e-uka;
return sth (to -) w'iira e- e-w'iira;
return sth (to -) w'iira e- e-w'iira kindo;
reverse (the -) numa zero- ; zero- -niima; =sg

revive (to -), open (to be -), regain consciousness ruka e- e-ruka;
295
b, side of the body wari2 u- ; zero- li-wari; -mbari
ce grain, cooked rice, rice plant chele N'- ; mi- n'-chele; mi-chele
ch person (kiwoso origin) tomi i- ; ma- i-tomi; ma-tomi
rich (to be -) (kiwoso origin) wa2 e- e-wa i-tomi;
rich person sumba i- ; ma- i-sumba; ma-sumba
dge mbumbi zero- ; mi- -mbumbi; mi-mbumbi
ght lucha lucha;
right hand woko u- ; ma- u-woko ] liicha;
right now laalu laalu kudi;
ngworm, favus soo ki- ; shi- ki-soo; shi-soo
nse (with clean water) (to -) samba e- e-sambia na muda mwili;
pen naturally/artificially (for fruits to -), fertile (to be w'ira e- e-w'ira;
ripen on its way (for fruits to -) w'ira e- e-w'iria;
ripen (fruits) artificially (to -) findika e- e-findika;
ver, water muda zero- ; zero- -muda; =sg

)ad, path (generic) chial zero- ; zero- -chia;
broad road chial zero- ; zero- -chia ingishimbi; -chia tiingishimbi
narrow road chial zero- ; zero- -chia ingisiise; -chia tiingisiise
narrow path/road chochor'o ki- ; shi- ki-chochor'o; shi-chochor'o
private road (to someone's house) ko2 N'- ; mi- fi'-ko; mi-lo
public road tawala u- ; ngyuu- u-tawla; ngyuu-taw^la
jar (for lions, etc.) (to -), snarl (to -) r'ung'una e- e-r'ung'una;
)ast (to -) okya e- e-okya (> yo-okya);
Db (to -), bleed (to -) soka e- e-soka;
3ck (lit. big stone) wee2 i- ; ma- i-wee lying'a-n'; ma-wee ang'a-n
Ml (to -) birimika e- e-birimika;
roll (to make -) birimika e- e-birimita;
roll up (to -), wind (to -) ososa e- e-ososa;
oof mbeu zero- ;

- -mbeu;
oot, tendon n'r'i N'- ; mi- ri'-nr'i; mi-nr'i
ope, string (generic) owo ki- ; shi- kyo-owo (< ki-oowo ); sho-owo
(< shi-oowo )
rope skipping (girl's play) r'ar'ii i- ; ma- i-r'ar'ii; ma-r'ar'ii
otten (to become -), wet (to become -) bora2 e- e-boo;
rotten (to make sth -), wet (to make sth -) bora2 e- e-bora;
rotten meat ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra i-booye; ng'an'ra

ti-booye
ound (a paper, etc.) (to make -) umba2 e- e-umba (> yu-umba );
round state (<Sw?) firingo N'- ; mi- n' -firingo; mi-firingo
round (to become -) wa2 e- e-wa n '-firingo;

ound worm odooye ki- ; shi- kyo-odooye; sho-odooye
ub (to -) singa2 e- e-singa;
rub oneself (wash one's body) (to -) singa2 e- e-singa m'bii;
rub a string (to -) ososa e- e-os6sa ur'uu;

rub off (to -) tuura e- e-tuiira;
ubbish mbosha zero- ; zero- -mbosha;

rubbish heap mbumbi zero- ; mi- -mbumbi o ] mbosha;
ule over (to -), govern (to -) orokya e- e-orokya;
296
rumble (to -) dina2 e- e-dina;
run (to -), run away (to -), escape <of a captive> (to -) dicha e- e-dicha;
run fast (to -) dicha e- e-dicha ] den';
run after (to -), chase (to -) dicha e- e-dichia;
run over (to -), tread (to -) wajya e- e-wajya;
rust kutu zero- ; zero- kutu;
rusty (to become -) kaba e- e-kaba kutu;
sack (to -), chase (to -), dismiss (to -) r'angata e- e-r'angata;
saliva, spittle ade - ; ma- m3-ade;
salt chumbi zero- ; zero- -chumbi;
land salt chumbi zero- ; zero- -chumbi ya mabenga;
something gritty, crystal salt benga i- ; ma- 1-benga; ma-benga
salty (to be -) wawa e- e-wawa ] chumbi;
same
same thing as this kidi-kidi ki- kindo kidikidi;
same thing as that kido-kido ki- kindo kidokido;
same dog te ki- ; shi- ki-te kyakya ( < kite ki-aky

shi-te shasha ( < shite shias
soro N'- ; wa- n'-soro ulya-ulya; w3-soro
walya-walya
same tree jil N'- ; mi- n'-ji ulyaulya; mi-ji yiayia
same teeth lyalya i- ; ma- i-yoo lya-lya; md-yoo alya-alya
same thing kiakya ki- ; shi- ki-ndo kia-kia; shi-ndo shia-shia
same pot nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu yia-yia; nungu tiatia
same ladle liko u- ; ngyuu- u-liko lwo-lwo; ngyuu-liko ] tia-ti;
same place alyaalya a- ; ku- a-ndo ] dly^-alya; ku-ndo ]
kiily^-kulya
sand sanga N'- ;

- ri'-sanga;
sandal (traditional -) kubasi i- ; ma- i-kubasi; ma-kubasi
rubber sandal lapu zero- ; ma-, -lapu; ma-lapu, -lapu

zero-
sap, juice of tree muda zero- ; zero- -muda o ] n'-ji;
satiated (to become -) w'uuda e- e-w'uuda;
Saturday juma zero- -jumamoosl;
save (to -) saara e- e-sa^ra;
saw (to -) bara e- e-bara;
saw semenu N'- ; mi- n'-semenu ; mi-semenu

say (to -) amba2 e- e-amba;
say a course (to -) sika e- e-sika;
say a course (to -) deeya2 e- e-deeya foo;
say farewell (to -) amba2 e- e-amba nakofo;

say farewell (to -) w'ya2 e- e-w'ya nakofo;
say loudly and rudely (to -) deda2 e- e-deda ngata;
scab woye u- woye; =sg

scales (of fish/snake), dandruff, hard skin of foot mbalal zero- ; zero- -mbala; =sg
scar ngoru zero- ; zero- -ngoru;
scatter (to -) fula e- e-fula;
scatter terribly (to -) fula e- e-fula-fula;

;
297

pi)
scatter (to -) raraka e- e-rarata;
scatter (to -), seed (millet seeds) (to -), sow (to -) era e- e-era;
hool (generic) soma ki- ; shi- ki-somio-n'; shi-somio-n'
school shuule zero- ; zero- -shuule ; =sg
issors akasi -;: ma- ma-akasi; =sg
old (to -) sakira e- e-sakira;
scolded (to be -) sakira e- e-sakiro;
oop (to -), take out food from the pot (to -), draw (to -) daa2 e- e-daa;
scoop up with one's hand (to -) daa2 e- e-daa na uwoko (> edaa
] ] no
owoko);
orched (to become -) ongwo e- e-ongwo / i-ongwo;
scorched portions (of rice/posho) kur'o i- ma- i-kur'o; ma-kur'o
;orpion not exist;
:rape (an itchy spot) (to -) suwal e- e-suwa;
scrape food from a pot (to -) takura e- e-takiira;
scrape sth off (to -) haa e- e-haa;
scrape off scales (to -) haa e- e-haa mbala;
scrape pots or pans to clear (to -) kur'a e- e-kur'a;
scrape the food stuck at the bottom of the pot (to -) komba e- e-komba;
;ratch (to drop mud, etc.) (to -) takura e- e-takiira;
;ribe the surface of ground to cut and remove weeds (to fwa
fwal e- e-fwa;
:a no word;
:ason (to -) unga e- e-unga;
:ason
harvesting season (February-March) kiki-er'i ke sambuo (< kier'i ka

esambwo);
rainy season (season of long and constant rain) ki- ; shi- ki-sie; shi-sie
(April- June)
planting season (July) er'i kiki-er'i ke wakya (< kier'i ka

ewakya);
dry season (July-August) rangita ki- ; shi- ki-rangita; shi-rangita
weeding season (August-September) er'i kiki-er'i ke demia (< kier'i ka

edemia);
rainy season (short rainy season with heavy shower) mateer'i zero- ; zero- -mateer'i; =sg
(November-December)
;cond road (the -) chial zero- ; zero- -chia ya kabi;
:e (to -), see each other (to -) lolya e- e-lolya;
seen (to be -), in sight (to be -) (stat), seen (to be -) lolya e- e-lolyo;
(pass)
see sb off (to -) somuta e- e-somuta;
seen each other (to be -) n'la e-ku- e-ku-ri'la;
:ed (millet seeds) (to -), sow (to -), scatter (to -) era e- e-era;
;ed, grain, seed (of a fruit) (generic) ndara zero- ; zero- -ndara; =sg
>ek (to -), look for (to -) shial e- e-shia;
:ize (to -), catch (to -), get (to -), hold (to -), possess (to wada2 e- e-wada;
)
Meet (to -), choose (to -) sambura e- e-sambura (= e-sambuo );
select (to -), choose (to -) sambwo3 e- e-sambwo (= e-sambura ):
selected (to be -), choosen (to be -) sambura e- e-samburo;

Ml (to -), turn against (to -) kumba e- e-kumba;
298
send (to -) duma e- e-duma;
send a man (to -) duma n'-ndu e- e-nduma ) n'-ndu;
send (by post) (to -), send (sb) (to -), deliver (to -), dika e- e-dika;
brew (to -)
send (by post), deliver (to -) dika e- e-dika ] baruo;
send (sth) (to -), deliver (to -), marry (for man to -) doo e- e-doo;
send (to -), marry (for a man) (to -) alika e- e-alika;
September ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o tisa;
sesame futa2 u- u-futa; =sg

set (for the sun) (to -), sink (to -), drop to (to -) oloka e- e-olokia;
set a tarp (to -), shout in surprise (to -), shout a deiya e- e-de'iya;
war-cry (to -)
set free (a captive) (to -), release (to -) leketa e- e-leketa;
settle a dispute (to -), settle an argument (to -) dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo ] mboni;
seven fungade m'- m'-fungande;
seventeen kumi i- i-kumi na saba-;
seventy sabiini zero- -sabiini;
severe <of the sun> (to be -) chal e- e-cha e-akaa (> e-cha-akaa);
sew (to -) weia e- e-wela;
sew (to -) shona e- e-shona;
sexual intercourse (for human beings to have -) semba e- e-semba;
sexual intercourse (for human beings to have -) semba e- e-ku-semba;
shadow, shade richo ki- ; shi- ki-richo; shi-richo
hideous shadow, unwanted shadow richo i- ; ma- i-ki-richo; ma-shi-richo
shake (sth) (to -) (vt) sika e- e-sika;
shake onetime (to -), hang oneself (to -) sika e-ku- e-ku-sika;
shake (to -) ding'isa e- e-ding'isa;
shake a tree to make fruits down (to -) ding'isa n'-ji e- e-ding'isa n'-ji;
shake one's head (to -) ding'isa e- e-ding'isa ndwe;

ndwe
shake hands ng'asa zero- ; zero - -ng'asa;
shake hands (to -) wada2 e- e-wada ng'asa;

shallow/short/near (to be -) fuuya e- e-fuiiya;
shallow place in the river, short distance fuuya ku- ku-fuui;
shameful/shy (to feel -), untasty (to be -) sukal e- e-suka;
share with others (to -) aw a e- e-awana;
sharp (to be already -), sharpened (to become -) amia e- e-amia (> ya-amia);
sharp knife amia ki- ; shi- ki-andu kiami; shi-andu shaami
sharpen (to -) amia e- e-amira;
sharpened (to be - by sb) amia e- e-amiro;
sharpen (to make -), reduce the girth (to -) sisia e- e-sisira;
sharpened (to be -) sisia e- e-sisiro;
sharpen the edge (to -). whet (to -) wada2 e- e-wada-wada;

sharpen the edge (to -), whet (to -) nwol e- e-nwo;
shave (beard) (to -) wuta e- e-wuta ngerero;
shave (to -), cut the hair (to -) wuta e- e-wuta ri'-dwe;
shave wood (to -), work wood (to -), curve (to -) bacha e- e-bacha;
sheath (of beans, etc.), skin of maize corn kandal i- ; ma- i-kanda; ma-kanda
299
fied tears (to -) fiira e- e-fiira mi-chechere;

michechere
tieep (generic) no word;
heep (adult male -) suwa2 zero- ; zero- -suwa; =sg
castrated male sheep suwa2 zero- ; zero- -suwa ilng'itane; -suwa tiing'itane
female sheep that has borne a lamb choonri i- ; ma- i-choon'ri; ma-choon'ri
young domestic animal (goat/sheep/cattle/ etc.), ndeena zero- ; zero- -ndeena; =sg
livestock (generic)
young female sheep ruw'i u- ; ngyuu- u-riiw'i; ngyuu-riiw'i
young livestock (lamb, kid, calf) ndeena ki- ; shi- kl-ndeena; shi-ndeena
idlofanegg bacho N'- m'-bacho; =sg
lellfish not exist;
lelter from the sun (to -) owa e- e-owa kiricho-n';
shelter from the sun (to -) suruma e- e-suruma kiricho-n';
neld no word;
lift sth to different place (to -), remove (to -) teshuo e- e-teshuo;
line (sth) (to -) mika e- e-mika;
shine (vi) (to -) maka e- e-maka;
liver (to -) dedema e- e-dedema;
loe (Western type) adu ki- ; shi- ki-adu; sha-adu
loot (a bow/gun) (to -) lasa e- e-lasa;
wp duka2 zero- ; ma- -diika; ma-duka

lort/near/shallow (to be -) fuuya e- e-fuuya;
short distance, shallow place in the river fuuya ku- ku-fuui;
short stick dil ki- ; shi- ki-di kifuiii; shi-di shifuiii
short log fuuya i- ; ma- 1-kongo lyifuiii;
shortness fuuya u- u-fuui;
make short (to -) fiisha e- e-fiisha;
lortage of sth (to be in -), need of sth (to be in -) tinyia e- e-tinya;
lortly, soon, a little later dakika zero- ; zero- -dakika eto tiichaa;
loulder koso i- ; ma- 1-koso; ma-koso

shoulder (to -) dika e- e-ku-dika ] ikoso-n';
loulder blade fwo i- ; ma- i-fwo lya ] n'rya; nia-fwo a ]
ri'rya
lout (to -), cry (to -) kooma e- e-kooma;

shout a war-cry (to -), shout in surprise (to -), set a deiya e- e-deiya;
trap (to -)
low (to -), show round (to -) ora e- 6-ora (> yo-ora );
show teeth (to -), display teeth (to -) ora e- e-ora mayoo;
show the way (to -), lead the way (to -) ora e- e-ora chia;
hrew (mouse) nanchunga ki- ; shi- ki-na-n'-chiinga; shi-na-n'-chiinga
nrink (for swollen wound to - and become cured) deeyal e- e-deeya;

dut (to -), close (the door) (to -) w'iiria e- e-w'iiria;
shut eyes (to -), close eyes (to -), r'umba e- e-r'umba;
shut one's eyes (to -) r'umba e- e-r'umba miso;
tiy/shameful (to feel -), untasty (to be -) sukal e- e-suka;
ickle. harvesting knife shami i- ; ma- i-shanii; ma-sham"i
ideofthe body, rib wari2 u- ; zero- li-wari; -nibari
300
side of body wari2 zero- ; zero- u-wari-n' lo ] m'-mbii; -mbari-n'

ya ] rri'-mbii
side of a belly (Otr), thigh choro zero- ; zero- choro; =sg

at the side, beside, around mbar'i-n' mbar'i-n';
sift (generic) (introduced) chekacheka zero- ; zero- -cheke-cheke; =sg
sift (to -) chekacheka e-cheka-cheka;
sign keeping the tradition, sign indicating that follows the ruumo N'- ; mi- ri'-ruumo; mi-ruumo
traditional custom
silk tree (bot. albizzia) dukal N'- ; mi-, shi- n'-duka; mi-duka, shi-duka
similar to (to be -), resemble (to -) waka e- e-waka;
simmer (to -) tokota e- e-tokota;
sin mbaka zero- ; zero- -mbaka;
since (yesterday) uka ukya ukou ( > likyo + okou );
sing (to -) (Kiwoso origin) embal e- e-emba;
sing (for a bird/cock to -), speak (to -) deda2 e- e-deda;
singe (to -) wawata e- e-waw^ta;
sink (to -), set (for the sun) (to -), apologize (to -) oloka e- e-olokia;
sisal (not exist in the area) katani zero- ; zero- -katarii;
sit (to -) damia e- e-damia;
sit down (to -) damia e- e-damia ] dembo;
six sasadu zero- -sasddu;
sixteen kumi i- i-kumi na sita;
sixty sitini zero- -sitini;
skin (of a human being, animals; generic), fur (treated -), choni ki- ; shi- ki-chorii; shi-chorii
sleeping skin
skin (not treated -) kata i- ; ma- i-kata; ma-kata
skin (with a knife or by pulling) (to -) wuta e- e-wuta ikata;
skin of maize corn, fruit, sheath (of beans, etc.) kandal i- ; ma- i-kanda; ma-kanda
skull fwo i- ; ma- i-fwo lya ] ri'dwe; ma-fuo a
ri'dwe
sky ruwal zero- ruwe-n';
slap (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ukofi; e-kaba ngofi
slash (to -), cut off (to -), make two slits with a knife racha e- e-racha;
under each eye (to -)
slave singaQR i- ; ma- i-singa; ma-singa
sleep (to -), lie (to -) lala e- e-laaya;
sleep at (to -), lie at (to -) lala e- e-lala;
sleep (to -), lie down (to -) lala e- e-lala shimbai;
sleep (deep -) jyo - ; ma- ma -jyo;

sleep (light -) ng'amung'a - ; ma- mci-ng'amung'amu;
mu
sleeping place (definite place) ndo2 a- a-ndo kweyia;
sleeping place (definite place) ndo2 a- a-ndo kolala;
sleeping place (indefinite place) ndo2 ku- kii-ndo kwelala;
slender (to be -), thin (to be -) sisia e- e-sisia;
slice baro2 ki- ; shi- ki-baro; shi-baro
slice (to -), cut (meat) into pieces (to -) w'yaa e- e-w'yad-w'yaa;
slip (to -) tur'uchuka e- e-tur'ilmbuka;
slippery (to be -) dendea e- e-dendeya;

301
slippery place ndo2 a- ; ku- a-ndo kudendeya; ku-ndo

] ]
kudendeya
ope birimika ki- ; shi- ki-birimiko; shi-birimiko
owness mbong'o zero- -mbong'o;
ug, snail kor'u i- ; ma- i-kor'u; ma-kor'u
nail (to be -) doma e- e-doma;
smallness tu u- ;
- u-tu (not "u-ntu");
something small ntu mu- mu-ntu;
small country (in area) ntu u- ; ngyuu- u-r'ika ] luntu; ngyiiu-r'ika )
ngintu
small dog ntu ki- ; shi- ki-te ] kintu; shi-te ] shintu
small people, a few people, ndu - ; wawa-ndu wantu;
small person (in size) ndu N'- ; wari'-ndu muntu; wa-ndu wantu
small tin kobo i- ; ma- i-kobo; ma-kobo
nail pox shuku i- ; ma- i-shuku; ma-shuku
near (to -), put on (to -) ambal e- e-amba;
smear (sth) on one's body ambal e- e-kw-amba ;
nell (to -) (vi) faama e- e-faama;
smell (to -) (vt) faama e- e-faamia;
smell good (to -) faama e- e-faama ] nicha;
smell, odour faama N'- ; N'- n'-faamo; =sg

smell bad (to -), smell (to -) (Vi) daal e- e-daa;
receive a smell (sth) (to -) (lit. smell the smell) itya e- e-itya ] n'-faamo;
nithy ganya zero- ; zero- ganya;
noke musu zero- ; zero- -musu; =sg
smoke (meat) (to -) aduta e-aduta ] musu-n' ;
smoke (to -) futal e- e-futa;
smoke (to -) futal e- e-futa ) mbdtu;
nooth (the surface of a pot; generic) (to -) achara e-acharia;
smooth (the surface of a pot; generic) (to make -) dendea e- e-dendera;
tail, slug kor'u i- ; ma- i-kor'u; ma-kor'u

take choka zero- ; zero- -choka; =sg
black burrowing snake ( 1 foot in length) mbolea N'- ; N' m'-mbolea; =sg
lap (to -), break (to -) doota e- e-doota;
snapped (to be -), broken (to be ) doota e- e-dooto;
snapped (to be already -), broken (to be already -) doota e- e-dooka;
leeze atamwo zero- ;

- atamwo;
sneeze (to -) atamwo e- e-atamwo;
liff(to-) faama e- e-faamia ) mbdtu;
lore (to -) r'ung'una e- e-r'ung'una;
lak (to -), dip (to -) r'iwika e- e-r'iwika;
tap sabuni zero- ; zero- -sabuni ; =sg

>b (to -) fiira e- e-fiira;
>da, baking soda bala N'- (cl. 3) m'-bala;
)ft (to become -) lainika e- e-lainika;
soft bread kate n'-laini N'- ; mi- n'-kate ] ri'-lairii; mi-kate |
ml-lairil
something which soft n'-laini NT- ; mi- n'-laini; ml-lainl
)il, land ter'i zero- ; zero- -terl;

302
sole, footprint ayo u- ; ngy- li-ayo (> u-wayo); ngy-ayo

some, another, other ngi ngi;
son soro N'- ; wari'-soro; w^-soro
son (lit. child of male) na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na o womi; wa-na wa womi
son himself soro N'- ; wari'-soro ] muni; wa-soro ] weeni
song, music mbasa zero- ; zero- -mbasa; =sg
son-in-law mi N'- ; wa- m'-mi a mona (< m'-mi o mona)
soon, within the same day, afterwards ngoma -ngoma;
soon, a little later, shortly dakika zero- ; zero- -dakika eto tiichaa;
soot shir'i N'- ; mi- n'-shirl; mi-shirl
sorghum not exist;
sour (to be -), sour (to go -) dooka e- e-dooka;
sourness, acidity dooka N'- ; mi- n'-dooko; mi-dooko
south sinde sinde;
sow (to -), scatter (to -), seed (millet seeds) (to -) era e- e-era;
space between two things anya mu- mi- ; mw-anya; mi-anya
spacious country (in area) ng'ana u- ; ngyuu- u-r'ika lu-ng'an-e; ngyiiu-r'ika

ting'ane
spark sese zero- ; zero- -sese;
speak (to -), speech (to make a -), sing (for a bird/cock to deda2 e- e-deda;
-)
speak ill (of sb) (to -), backbite (to -) deda2 e- e-deda ] n'du w'icho;
speak of sb in his absence (to -) deda2 e- e-deda n'du;
speak the Vunjo language (to -) deda2 e- e-deda kianjo;
speak to oneself (to -), think aloud (to -) deda2 e- e-deda munyi;
speak/do carelessly (to -), babble (to -) deda2 e- e-deda w'er'esha;
speak to (sb) (to -) deda2 e- e-dejia;
spear, lance, dart (generic) fumu i- ; ma- i-fumu; ma-fumu

spend daytime (to -) sindal e- e-sinda;
spider sangu i- ; ma- 1-sangu; ma-sangu
spirits of ancestors, spirit of a dead person, devil warimu zero- ; zero- -warimu; =sg
spit out (sth) (to -) ficha e- e-ficha;
spit spittle (to -) ficha e- e-ficha maade;

split (a branch) (to -) doota e- e-do6ta;
split (to be -) doota e- e-dooto;
split firewood (to -) bara e- e-bara ngwi;
split wood (to -) bara e- e-bara n'-ji;
spoil (a machine) (to -) aribu e- e-aribu;
spoiled (to become -) aribika e- e-aribika;
spoiled/broken (to be already -) haiya e- e-haiya;
spoon lalu ki- ; shi- kl-lalu; shi-lalu
spoon liko ki- ; shi- ki-liko; shi-liko
spot wara i- ; ma- i-wara; ma-wara

spot (of the leopard/cheetah) waro2 i- ; ma- i-waro; ma-waro
spot (to have -) w'ika e- e-w*ika mawara;
spread (sth like mat/wings) (to -) ala2 e- e-ala;
spread (for vines to -) ala2 e- e-ku-ala;
spread wings (to -) ala2 e- e-ala makongo;

;;
303
spread wings (to -) kaba e- e-kaba makongo;
raraka e- e-rardta;
spread <of fire> (to -) kuana e- e-kuana;
spread (to - its branches) kwanisa e- e-kwanisa;
spread its branches (to -) kwanisa e- e-kwanlsa maramba;
spread water (on the floor) (to -) nyisa e- e-nyisa;
spread medicine (to -) olia e- e-olia;
Dread to dry (clothes/mats, etc.) (to -) aduta e- e-aduta;
spread to dry (mqaize grain/clothes/mats etc.) (to -) anika e- e-anlka;
aring in a river mbora2 zero- ; zero- -mbora; =sg
pring upon sb jump on sb

,
(to -) tola e- e-tolya;
prinkle (water, salt, etc.) (to -) (generic) nanatya e- e-nanatya;
quat deudeu ki- ; shi- ki-deudeu; shi-deudeu
queeze (to -) kama e- e-kama;
squeeze (to -) sing'ir'ia e- e-sing'ir'ia;
quirrel chakoro ki- ; shi- ki-chakoro; shi-chakoro
tab (to -), beat (to -) kaba e- e-kaba;
stab (with knife), hit (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ] kyaandu;
stab many times (to -) docha e- e-dochci-docha;
;alk (to -), follow secretly/quietly (to -) ew'elya e- e-ewelya;
talk of banana bunch tiringo i- ma- i-tiringo; ma-tiringo
iand (to -), stand up (to -), stop (vi.) oroka e- e-oroka;
stand up (to make sb -), fix a recalcitrant person (to oroka e- e-orota (> yo-orota);
-), unfold (to -), straighten (to -)
stand (sth) (to -), erect (sth) (to -) sumya e- e-sumia;
iar nyinyir'i2 zero- ; zero- -nyinyir'i; =sg

tart (to -), begin (to -) wooka e- e-wooka;
start (to -) uka e- e-ukya;
iartle (animals) (to -), drive out (animals) (to -) bufuta e- e-bufuta;
tate of inside out, something opposite furil ki- ; shi- ki-furi; shi-furi
tay (to -), remain (to -), occupy (to -), different (to be -) kaal e- e-kaa;
teal (to -) iwa e- e-iwa (> e-ewa );
steal from sb (to -), blow with one's mouth (to -) ew'ia e- e-ew'ia;
stolen (to be -) iwa e- e-ewo;

team, sweat rike N'- ; mi- n'-rike; mi-rike
tep back (to -) wuya e- e-wuya ] numa;

tepchild not found;
tepfather ndee zero- ; wa- -ndee-ye o kabi; wa-ndee wa kabi
tepmother mai zero- ; wa- mai o kabi; wa-mai wa kabi

terile man keti i- ma- i-kefi; ma-kefi
tick dil ki- shi- ki-di; shi-di
;
lick (sth) into the ground (to -) docha e- e-dochia;
'icky (to be -) dendea e- e-dendea;

sticky saliva dooda - ; i nama-dooda;
tiffened (to be -), coagulate (to -), shimba e- e-shimba;
ting (to -), bite (to -) amada e- e-am^da;
(ir (to -) tita e- e-tita;
stir (with a stirring rod) (to -) tita e- e-tita na uw'iiri;

)
304

pi)
stirring rod (for stirring broth) w'iiri u- ; ngyuu- u-w'iiri; ngyuu-w'iiri
stomach ndeu zero- ; zero- -ndeu; =sg

stomachache, see "-wawa" (pain (to feel -))
stone wee2 i- ; ma- 1-wee; ma-wee

stool, chair di2 ki- ; shi- ki-di; shi-di
stop (vt) (to -) deeya2 e- e-deya;
stop saying (to -) deeya2 e- e-deeya e-deda;
stop cry (to -) deeya2 e- e-deeya efilra (> e-deeye efiira)
stop (vi.), stand (to -) oroka e- e-oroka;
stop (vt) (to -) oroka e- e-orota;
stop a person (to -) oroka e- e-orota ] ri'-ndu;
stop (to -), pause (to -), remain (to -) (vi) iricha e- e-iricha;
stop cry (to -) woiya e- e-woiya;
stop up (bottle) (to -) finikya e- e-finikya;
stop working (to -) dafo e- e-dafo kirundio;
stop (sth) (to -), abandon (to -), leave sth (when da2 e- e-da (= e-deeya);
going out) (to -)
stopper finiko ki- ; shi- ki-finiko; shi-finiko
stopper made of dried leaf of banana stem sooro zero- ; zero- sooro; =sg
store, hide (to -) suruma e- e-suruma;
straight ruru ruru;
straight (to become - oroka e- e-oroka (> yo-oroka);
straighten (sth bent) (to -), stand up (to make sb -), oroka e- e-orota (> yo-orota);
fix a recalcitrant person (to -), unfold (to -),
straightened (to be -) oroka e- e-oroto ( > yo-oroto);
straighten oneself (to -), stretch (sth) (to -) orwo e- e-orwo ( > yo-orwo );
straighten oneself (to -) orwo e- e-ku-6rwo;
strain water to clean it (to -) chuja e- e-chuja;
strain one's ears (to -) deiya e- e-deiya madu;
strange manner, difference, strangeness ngata zero- ; zero- -ngata;
strange thing ngata i- ki-ndo kya ngata;
strength, force finya ze ro- ; zero- finya;
stretch (sth) (to -), straighten oneself (to -) orwo e- e-orwo (> yo-orwo );
stretch oneself (to -) orwo e-ku- e-ku-6rwo;
stretch out (to -) oroka e- e-orota;
stretch skin, prepare to dry (to -) wamba e- e-wamba;

stretch the skin over a drum (to -) wamba e- e-wamba ngoma;
stretch wings (to -) orwo e- e-orwo makongo;
strike (i.e., one time) (to -), beat (to -), kick (to -) kaba e- e-kaba;
stricken (i.e., one time) (to be -), beaten (to be -), kaba e- e-kabo;
kicked (to be -)
strike (match) (to -) washa e- e-washa;
strike a match (to -), light a match (to -) washa e- e- washa n'-fi;
string (generic), rope owo ki- ; shi- ky6-owo ( < ki-oowo ); sho-owo
(< shi-oowo )
string ruul u- ; ngyuu- u-ruu; ngyuu-ruu
strip off (to - leaves) arawo e- e-ardwo;
strip off maize grain from the corncob by hand (to -) torowuo e- e-tor6wuo;
stripe saanga zero- ; zero- saanga; =sg

305
roke (to -), pat (to -), rub (to -) achara e- e-achcira;
roll (to -), roam about (to -), loiter (to -), walk about (to runguda e- e-rungiida;
,, turn (to -)
rong (to be -), fierce (to be -) kalyal e- e-kalya;
strong (to be -) wada2 e- e-wada finya;
strong person wada2 N'- ; wari'-ndu awode finya; wa-ndu

wawode finya
strong rope wada2 N'- ; wa- kyo-owo kiwode finya; sho-owo

shiwode finya
ronger (to make fire -), stir fire stronger (to -) wuria e- e-wuria;
;umble (to -), take a false step (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ) udende;
tump of a tree, fallen tree, log, - kongo2 i- ; ma- 1-kongo; ma-kongo
xipidity sembo il- ;

- u-sembo;
stupid (to be -) wa2 e- e-wa isembo;
ubstitute of tradition/custom, part of the whole traditional ruumo N'- ; mi- ri '-ruumo; mi-ruumo
ling/matter
ucceed (to -), deal sth well (to -) idima e- e-idlma;
uck (to -) onga e- e-onga;
suck out, pull (to -) omwo e- e-omwo (> yo-omwo);

suck the nipple (to -) onga iw'ee e- e-onga iw'ee;
uffer from (to -) waw'ia e- e-waw'ia;
suffer (to be -) waw'ia e- e-waw'io;
ufficient (to be -), enough (to be -) tosha e- e-tosha;
ugar (Kiwoso origin) loda N'- ; mi- n'-lodo; mi-lodo
sugar sukari zero- ; zero- -sukari;
ugar-cane muuwa zero- ; zero- -muuwa; =sg

un, God, Creator ruwal zero- ;
- ruwa;
unday juma zero- -jiimapiri;
unlight, daylight mbari zere- -mbarl;
upervise (to -) kalya2 e- e-kalya;
upport (to -) shiika e- e-shiika;
urface wuye wuye;

urpass (to -), over than (to be -), enter (to -), get in (to -) eda e- e-eda;
surpass (to -) baria e- e-baria;
urround (animals) (to -) rungujya e- e-rungujia;
urvive (to -) kyal e- e-kya;
survive (to -), cure (to -) kira e- e-kira;
uspend (sth from the ceiling) (to -), hang (to -) masa e- e-masa;
suspended (to become -), hooked (to be -) masa e- e-maso;

wallow (to -) mira e- e-mira;
wamp (specific name of a -) mashangala zero- -mashangala;

way (to -), winnow (to -) elal e- e-ela;
sway oneself many times (to ) (vi) sika e-ku- e-ku-sika-sika;
war (to -) aba, apa e- e-aba, e-apa ;
weat, steam rike N'- ; mi- n'-rike; mi-rike
weep (to -) ayia e- e-ayia;
weet (to be -), tasty loda e- e-loda;
weet potato sow'ya ki- ; shi- ki-sow'ya; shi-sow'ya

weetness loda N'- ; mi- n'-lodo; mi-lodo
306
swell (to -) shimba e- e-shimba;
swim (to -) kelea e- e-kelea;
swing sth around (to -) runguta e- e-runguta;
T
table, desk mesa zero- ; zero- -mesa;
tadpole (generic) kunga i- ; ma- i-kunga; ma-kunga

tail moosi zero- ; zero- -moosl; =sg
take away (to -), carry away (to -) kamada e- e-kamada;
take charge of sth (to -) akanya e- e-akanya en'la;
take sb's place (to -) (lit. exchange+turns) alacha e- e-alacha ikamba;
take out food from the pot (to -), dish up (to -), draw daa2 e- e-daa;
(to -), scoop (to -)
take in (to -), let in (to -), get into (to -) ita e- e-eta (< e-ita );
take in (laundry, etc.) (to -) ita e- e-ita ] m'-ba;
take out the stopper (to -) funwo e- e-funwo;
take out maize grain from the corncob (to -), thresh kaba e- e-kaba;
(to -), pound (to -), beat (to -)
take off sth suspended (to -) masuo e- e-masuo;
take care of (to -), look at (to -) n'la e- e-n'la;
taken off <clothes> (to become -), drop (to -) oloka e- e-oloka;
take off the bark (to -) ouo e- e-ouo ikanda ( > yo-ouo ikanda
take off the lid (to -) rwo e- e-rwo;
take sth up (to -), raise (to -), load (to -) shamita e- e-shamita;
take off a pot from the fire (to -) tamuo e- e-tamuo;
take care of domestic animals (to -), look after w'ika e- e-w'ikia;
animals (to -), feed (to -), keep (domestic animals)
(to-)
take out (to -), take off (clothes) (to -), remove (to -), wuta e- e-wuta;
uproot (to -), dislodge (something jammed) (to -)
take out intestine (to -) wuta e- e-wuta maula;
take (sth) out of water (to -) wuta e- e-wuta miide-n';
take off (clothes) (to -) wuta e- e-wuta(-fo) n'-guo;
tale sumu zero- ; zero- -sumu; =sg
talk to (sb) (to -) deda2 e- e-dejia;
talk in one's sleep (to -) deda2 e- e-deda ] majyo-n';
tall (to be -) leeya e- e-leeya;
tall person leeya N'- ; wa- n'-ndu aleeye; wa-ndu waleeye
taller (to be -) leeya e- e-leiya;
talon wala u- ; ngyuu- u-wala; ngyuu-wala
tangerine chensa i- ; ma- i-chen'sa; ma-cheri'sa
tangled (to get -) tambisa e-ku- e-ku-tambisa;
untangle (to -) oromwo e- e-oromwo;
tapeworm rundu i- ; ma- i-rundu; ma-rundu

taste for poison in drinks (to -) bechwo e- e-bechwo;
taste for poison in drinks (to -) r'ida e- e-r'ida (= ebechwo );
taste for poison in drinks (to -) kaba e- e-kaba kana;
tasty, sweet (to be -) loda e- e-loda;
untasty (to be -), shameful/shy (to feel -) sukal e- e-suka;
untasty (to be -), bad (to be - tasting) da2 e- e-da ila loda (lit. to leave +
without + sweetness);
;;
307

pi)
IX kodi zero- ; zero- -kodi;
;a chai zero- ; zero- -chai;
:ach (to -) (kiwoso origin) losha e- e-losha;
;acher malimu N'- ; wa- m'-malimu; wa-alimu
:ar (to-) r'ambuo e- e-r'ambuo;
tear paper (to -) r'ambuo e- e-r'ambuo kar'it^shi;
tear (to -) r'atuka e- e-r'atuo;
tear a cloth (to -) r'atuka e- e-r'atuo ] ri'-guo;
tear off a small portion from sth (to -), divide (to -) bara e- e-bara;
;ars chechere N'- ; mi- n'-chechere; mi-chechere
:at (of person/animal/cow), nipple nyodo zero- ; zero- -nyodo; =pl
;11 (to -), let know (to -), inform (to -) w'ya2 e- e-w'ya;
tell a lie (to -), cheat (to -), deceive (to -) lemba e- e-lemba;
tell a tale (to -) kaba e- e-kaba sumu;
tell the truth (to -) amba2 e- e-amba dede;
:n kumi i- i-kumi;
:ndon, root of plant r'i N'- ;mi- ri'-r'i; mi-n'-r'i
tendon of Achilles r'i N'- ; mi- ri'-r'i o udende (> n'-r'i o odende
); mi-n'-r'i ya madende
:rmite, Whiteman, Englishman, European sora N'- ; mi- n'-sora; mi -sora
;sticles of bull mbolo zero- ; zero- -mbolo taumbe;
:tanus tetenisi zero- ; zero- -tetenisi;
lank (to -) an a 2 e- e-ana;
thank you very much eeka e- eekci ] den';
thank you very much and God bless you. eeka e- eeka ] na iruwa' nakwengerie;
lat
that son soro N'- ; wari'-soro ] eto; wa-soro ewo

that tree Jil N'- ;mi- n'-ji eto; mi-ji iyo
that tooth yoo3 i- ma- i-yoo elyo; ma-yoo ewo

that thing ekyo ki-: ;shi- ki-ndo ekyo; shi-ndo esho
that thing ndol ki-: shi- ;

ki-ndo ekyo; shi-ndo esho
that pot nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu eyo; nungu eto
that ladle liko u- ngyuu- li-liko elo; ngyiiu-liko eto
that son over there soro N'- ; wa- n'-soro ] ulya; wa-soro ] w51ya
that tree over there Jil N'- ; mi- n'-ji ] ulya; mi-ji ] yia
that tooth over there lya2 i-; ni a- i-yoo lya; ma-yoo alya
that thing over there ndol ki- ; shi- ki-ndo kya; shi-ndo shia
that pot over there nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu yia; nungu tia
that ladle over there luo, tia u- ngyuu- li-liko luo; ngyiiu-liko tia
that place over there lya2 a- ku- a-ndo ] kiilya; kii-ndo ] kiilya
latch with grass (to -) ala2 e- e-ala;
hem (Independent PN) nwo2, wo nwo / wo;

themselves nwo2, wo nwo w'eeni / wo w'eeni;
Ken, after that alafu e- alafu;
here (definite place near the other) ol yo-6 (< ya-6 );
thereabout (indefinite place near the other) ol ef-6;
here is/are (at definite/indefinite place) ku-yio ku- kii-yio; =sg

there is/are (in somewhere) ku-ufo ku- kii-ufo; =sg
308
therefore kweekyo kweekyo;
thick (to be -), gloomy (to be -) shimba e- e-shimba;
thick paper shimba zero- ; zero- -kar'itasi ] ingishimbi; -kar'itasi

tilngishimbi
thick thread shimba u- ; ngyuu- u-r'uu lushimbi; ngyuu-r'uu

n'gishimbi
thief nyinyi i- ; ma- l-nyinyi; ma-nyinyi
thigh, the side of a belly (Otr) choro zero- ; zero- choro; =sg
thin (to -), slender (to be -) sisia e- e-sisia;
thin paper sisia zero- ; zero- kar'itasi iingisiise; kar'irisi

t'ungisiise
thin person, slender person sisia N'- ; wa- n'-ndu n'-siise; wa-ndu wa-siise
thin thread sisia u- ; ngyuu- u-r'uu lusilse; ngyuu-r'uu ngisiisf

ngyuu-r'uu tiingisiise
thing ndol ki- ; shi- ki-ndo; shi-ndo
thing itself ndol ki- ; shi- ki-ndo kieni; shi-ndo sheeni
think (to -) sara e- e-sara;
think aloud (to -), speak to oneself (to -) deda2 e- e-deda munyi;
thirsty (to be -) angaa e- e-angaa;
thirst angaa u- u-angarl ;
thirteen kumi i- i-kumi na isadu;
thirty selasini zero- -selasini;
this
this son soro N'- ; wa- n'-soro etu; wd-soro ewa

this tree J'l N'- ; mi- n'-ji em; mi-ji eyi
this tooth yoo3 i- ; ma- i-yoo elyi; ma-yoo ewa

this thing eki ki- ; shi- ki-ndo eki; shi-ndo eshi
this thing ndol ki- ; shi- ki-ndo eki; shi-ndo eshi
this pot nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu eyi; nungu eti
this ladle liko u- ; ngyuu- u-liko elu; ngyuu-liko eti
thorn musha zero- ; zero- -musha; =sg
thread ruul u- ; N'- u-ruu; n'-ruu ( preferred by old

people ) / ngyoo-ruu / ngyuu-ruu
thread (to -) aka e- e-aka ] u-ruu;
threaten (to -) owuo e- e-owosha;
three sadul zero- n'-s3du;
three hours saa4 zero- / ma- md-saa adadu;
three o'clock saa4 zero- saa tisa;
three persons ndu - ; wawa-ndu wad^du;

three times kadadu kadadu;
thresh (to -), pound (to -), beat (to -), take out maize kaba e- e-kaba;
grain from the corncob (to -)
throat ryal N'- ; mi- n'-rya; mi-n'-rya
throb (for the heart to -), beat quickly (for the kaba e- e-kaba ] ferefere;
heart/somebody to -)
throw (a ball/lance/sth; generic) (to -), throw down (to -), e-era;
leak (to -; generic)
throw (sth) away (to -) era e- e-era e-fo;
throw away rubbish (to -) era e- e-era efo ]

mbosha
throw down (a person well-matched in strength) (to tuula e- e-tuiila;
-)
309
tiunder kururuma i- ; ma- i-kururuma; ma-kururuma
thunder (to -), speak (to -) dedal e- e-deda;
"hursday nyalaamisi nyalaamisi ;
ickle (to -) kela-kela e- e-kela-kela;
ie (a knot) (to -) tur'uchuka e- e-tur'iichuya;
untie (to - intentionally) tur'uchuka e- e-tur'uchwo;
untied/loosen (to become - naturally) tur'uchuka e- e-tur'uchuka;
ighten (to -) wangisa e- e-wangisa;
ilt a pot to pour out food (to -) leta e- e-leta kelya nungu-n';
ime, period, chin er'i ki- ; shi- ki-er'i (> kye-er'i);
in time (to be -), early (to be -) lawa e- e-lawa;
me
for the first time er'i ki- kye-er'i kya kwansa;
for the second time er'i ki- kye-er'i kya kabi;
for the third time er'i ki- kye-er'i kya kadadu;
for the fourth time er'i ki- kye-er'i kya kaana;
for the fifth time er'i ki- kye-er'i kya tanu;
inea enganyi ki- ; shi- kye-enganyi; she-enganyi
p, point, head dwe N'- ; mi- n'-dwe; mi-dwe
red (to become -) adaa e- e-adaa;
:>ad (terrestrial) lo ki- ; shi- ki-lo; shi-lo
)bacco, cigarette, snuff, chewing tobacco, cigar mbatu zero- ; zero- -mbatu; =sg
generic) (introduced)
tobacco; take tobacco (to -) mbatu e- e-na mbatu;
tobacco leaf duu2 i- ; ma- i-duu lya ] mbatu; ma-duu a ]
mbatu
piece of broken pot to grind sniff "mbatu" (see yoo2 u- ; ngyuu- u-yoo; ngyuu-yo
"ngina")
upper stone to grind tobacco leaf (to -) ngina zero- ; zero- -ngina$ (= -songoro );
upper stone to grind tobacco leaves (to -) songoro zero- ; zero- -songoro (= -ngina ); =sg
Dday nul i-nu / e-nu;
Dgether, one thing mwi kiki-mwi;
)itet oo2 chi- ; shi- ch-oo; sh-oo
jmato (introduced) nyaanya zero- ; zero- -nyaanya; =sg
Jmorrow desi desl;
sngue umi u- ; ngyuu- u-lunii; ngyuu-lunfi
w much nu3 n'-nu;
)0l ndol ki- ; shi- ki-ndo; shi-ndo
wth yoo3 i- ; ma- i-yoo; ma-yoo

canine teeth, chisel asal ki- ; shi- ki-asa; shi-asa
front tooth yoo3 i- ; ma- i-yoo lya mbele; ma-yoo a mbele
molar (lit. tooth of jaw) yoo3 i- ; ma- i-yoo lya moondu-n'; ma-yoo a
moondu-n'
tooth itself yoo3 i- ; ma- i-yoo lyieni; m^-yoo meeni
toothache see "-wawa" (pain (to feel -))
3p, above, upward, up wuye wuye; =sg

top of a mountain wuye wuye a ] ri'-lima; wuye a )
mi-lima
arch ki- ; shi- ki-mwii; shi-mwii
310
torn <for clothes> (to become -) r'atuka e- e-r'atuka;
tortoise nguru zero- ; zero- -nguru; =sg

touch (to -) balya e- e-balya;
town ji2 N'- ; mi- n'-ji; mi-ji
town (in a -) ji2 N'- ; mi- n'-ji-ni; mi-ji-ni
trace (footprints of animals) (to -), follow (animals) (to -) fatya e- e-fatya;
something little trace chembe zero- ; zero- -chembe;
track of the wildpig chial zero- ; zero- -chla ya nguwe; -chla ta nguwe
trail of wild animals, path chial zero-n- ; -chla; =sg

zero-n-
train tereeni zero- ; zero- -tereeni; =sg

trample repeatedly (to -) wajya e- e-wajya-wajya;
trap teko N'- ; mi- n'-teko; mi-teko
trap (to -) deiya e- e-delya;
trap by birdlime (to -) (no custom) deiya e- e-delya na yaambo;
trap for moles dei ki- ; shi- ki-del; shi-del
travel (to -) enda e- e-enda ) kyaro-n';
tread (to -), run over (to -) wajya e- e-wajya;
treat (wound/illness) (to -) chira e- e-chira;
tree, medicine jil N'- ; mi- n'-ji; mi-ji
tree itself jil N'- ; mi- n'-ji mueni; mi-ji ngeeni ? mi-ji
meeni
tree to make mortar for pounding (soft tree) sesewe N'- ; mi- n'-sesewe; mi-sesewe
tree with short thorns didi i- ; ma- 1-didi; ma-didi
flexible tree used for a bird trap shoodi N- 1
; mi- n'-shoodi; mi-shoodi
Grevillea robusta (tree to make a pestle because it is kabilya zero- ; zero- kabilya; =sg
very hard)
Phoenix reclinata (a kind of wild palm), branch (of a taw'i i- ; ma- i-tawl; ma-taw"
tree)
tree-fork mbeeko zero- ; zero- -mbeeko ya n'-ji; -mbeeko ta n'-
tree-trunk si ki- ; shi- kl-si kya n'ji; sh'i-si sha miji
tree hollow mbako zero- ; zero- -mbako; =sg
trench surrounding a farm to protect from animals fo 1 N'- ; mi- ri'-fo; mi-n'-fo
triangular (?) songe N'- ; mi- n'-songe; mi-songe
tribe (Kiwoso origin) chaka N'- ; wari'-chaka; wa-chaka

tribute kodi zero- ; zero- kodi; =sg
trouble, jaw moondu zero- ; zero- -moondu; =sg
trousers (long -) sur'uwaale zero- ; zero- -sur'uwaale; =sg

trousers (short -) nyasa ki- ; shi- ki-nyasa; shi-nyasa
trunk of body tumburu ki- ; shi- ki-tumburu; shi-tumburu
truth, fact ndede ndede;
truly dede -dede;
try (to -) onja e- e-onja ( > yo-onja );
try on (to -) kwesha e- e-kwesha;
try on (to -) bima e- e-ku-blma;
tsetsefly kurubo i- ; ma- i-kunibo; nia-kurubo
Tuesday juma zero- -jiiman'ne ;
turn (one's -) kamba i- ; ma- i-kamba; ma-kamba

turn to (to -), turn around (to -), turn over (to -) rew'eka e- e-rew'eka;
311

pi)
turn around (to make sth -) rew'eka e- e-rew'eta;
turn over (to make sb -) rew'eka e- e-rew'eto;
turn against (to -), sell (to -) kumba e- e-kumba;
turn one's back (to -) kumba e- e-kumba mungo;
turn over (to make sth -), draw an irrigation canal (to aluo e- e-aluo;
turn (to -X stroll (to -), loiter (to -), walk about (to -) runguda e- e-rungiida;
jsk mbembe lo u- ; ngyoo- u-mbembe lo chofu; ngyoo-mbe ta

chofu chofu
.velve kumi i- i-kumi na iw'i;
venty shirini i- 1-shiririi;
.venty one
shirini i- 1-shirini na imwi;
.vice kabi kabi;
.vin pacha i- ; ma- i-pacha; ma-pacha
tinkle (for stars to -) maka e- e-maka;
.vist (to -) ososa e- e-ososa (> yo-ososa);
twisted (to be - by), twisted (to be already -) ososa e- e-os6so;
twist the neck (of a bird) (to -) doota n'-rya e- e-doota ] n'-rya;
A"0 w'iili zero- -w'iili;
two persons ndu - ; wawa-ndu waw'i;
U
dder (of animal) w'eel i- ; ma- i-w'ee; ma-w'ee
gly woman w'icho N'- ; wa- n'-dunka n'-w'icho; wa-ka
wa-w'icho
Mate (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ] ri'-doro;
ululation doro N'- ; mi- n'-doro; mi-doro
mbilical cord, sewing thread ruul u- ; ngyoo- u-ruu / nyu-ruu / nyo-ruu;

ngyoo-ruu
umbrella fuli N'- ; mi- n'-fiili; mi-fuli
ncle (father's elder brother) ndee zero- ; wa- -ndee-ye n'-niini; wa-ndee-ye
wa-niini
uncle (father's younger brother) ndee zero- ; wa- -ndee-ye n'tu; wa-ndee-ye wa-tu
uncle (mother's brother) olooya zero- ; zero- -olo6ya; =sg

uncle (mother's elder/younger brother) sacha N'- ; wa- n' -sacha a mai; wa-sacha wa mai
uncle (mother's elder/younger brother) sawoye N'- ; wa- -sawoye; wa-sawoye
nconscious (to become -), wither (to -), dry up (for omal e- e-oma;
aundry/land to -)
ncover (to -) shikya e- e-shikwo;
nder, below, down shimbai zero- shimbai;
nderstand (to -), know (to -) many a 1 e- e-manya;

ndertake (to -), affirm (to -) wal e- e-wa;
nderwear of women kamisi zero- ; zero-

-kamisi; =sg
ntil tomorrow mpaka desi mpaka desi;
p, top, above, upward wuye wuye; =sg

proot (to -) kuruo e- e-kunio;
uproot stumps (to -) kuruo e- e-kunio shitumburu;
uproot (to -) dud wo e- e-dudwo (= e-ludwo);

uproot (to -) ludwo e- e-ludwo (= e-dudwo );
uproot (to -), remove (to -), pull out (to -), take out wuta e- e-wuta;
(to -), dislodge (something jammed) (to -)
312

pi)
upstream (to go -) aluka e- e-aluka na ] muda;
upstream (to go -) shaama e- e-shaama na ] miida;
urinary bladder ngumiri zero- ; zero- -ngumiri; =sg
urinate (to -) waama e- e-waama;
urine waama - ; ma- no sg.; ma-waamu

Uru (a place-name) Ur'ul lir'u;
Uru language Ur'ul kiki-ur'u;
Uru person Ur'ul mu- ; wa- mii-ur'u; wa-ur'u
us (Independent PN) nyesi, esi nyesi / esi;
use (to -) tumia e- e-tumia ;
used knife kuu2 ki- ; shi- ki-andu ] kikuu; shi-andu ] shlku
V
vacation (long -) lifu zero- ; zero- -lifu;
vapour, mist musu-musu i- ;

- i-musu-musu;
vat for brewing alcoholic drinks ondi ki- ; shi- ki-ondl; sho-ondi
vat for brewing alcoholic drinks (big -) ondi mu- mi- ; mo-ondi ( < mu-ondi ); mi-ondi
vegetable garden (near one's house) busutani zero- ; zero- busutini; =sg
vein rt N'- ; mi- n'-r'i o samu; ml-n'-r'i ya samu
very, quickly, fast den' dn' ;
very much den' den' ] den';
village, settlement no word;
visit (to -) idikiral e- e-edikira ( < e-idikira);
voice, word, language dedo ki- ; shi- ki-dedo; shi-dedo
vomit out (to -) daaka e- e-daaka;
vomit milk (to -) daaka e- e-da^ka malela;

malela
vulture w'ishi u- ; ngyuu- u-w'ishl; ngyuu-w'ishl
vulva, female genitals burasi zero- ; zero- -mburasl; =sg

Vunjo language funjo ki- ; shi- ki-funjo;
Vunjo person anjo mu- ; wa- mw-anjo; wa-anjo
W
wages, salary shaara N'- ; mi- n'-sha^ra ; mi-shaara
waist si ki- ; shi- ki-si; shi-si
wait (to -) w'eda e- e-w'eda;
wait for (to -), forestall (to -) w'eda e- e-w'edeya;
wake up (sb) (to -) (vt) anta e- e-anta;
wake up (to -), dawn (to -), go up (for the sun) (to -) kurie e- e-kurie;
walk (to -) wajya e- e-wajya;
walk about (to -), stroll (to -), roam about (to -), loiter runguda e- e-rungiida;
(to-)
walk aimlessly (to -), loiter (to -) raaraa e- e-ra^raa;
walk side by side (to -) enda e- e-enda ] kimwi;
walking-stick senge N'- ; mi- n'-senge; mi-senge
wall kuta u- ; ngyoo- u-kuta; ngyoo-kuta
want (to -), love (to -), like (to -) kunda e- e-kunda;
want to do (to -) kunda e- e-kunda e-uta (> e-kunde e-uta)
want (to -), need (to -) tinyia e- e-tinylo;
war fida zero- ; zero- -ficfa; =sg

313

pi)
/arm (for cold food to become - by fire), go down (to -) sambuka e- e-sambiika;
generic), vi
warm (sth) (to -), put sth down (to -) sambuka e- e-sambuta;
warm oneself near the fire (to -) oda e- e-oda mudo;
vart ndudu zero- ;

zero- -ndiidu; =sg
vash one's body (to -) samba e- e-samba mbii;
wash (hands, dishes, clothes, pots, bottles, etc.) (to -), samba e- e-sambia;
wash one's lower part of body after evacuation (to -)
wash (one's face) (to -) samba e- e-sambia kishangu;
wash a body of a dead person (to -) no custom;
vatch (to -) n'la e- e-n'la;
watch over (to -) r'inga e- e-r'inga;
vatching platform no custom;
vater, river muda zero- ; zero- -muda; =sg
vater blister caused by fire war'il i- ; ma- i-war"i; ma-warT

vater stream from "mbora", spring in a river mbora2 zero- ; zero- -mbora; =sg
vaterfall nyile i- ; ma- i-nyile; ma-nyile
vave no word;
vax muya2 zero- ;

zero- -muya; =sg
vay of water <after the rain>, dead person fu3 N'- ; N' n'-fu;
veak (to be-) tura e- e-tura finya;
weak person tura N'- ; wari'-ndu amrie finya; w^-ndu

waturie finya
wealth, property, belongings ndol ki- ; shi ki-ndo; shi-ndo
weapon (generic) shi2 ki- ; shi ki-shi; shi-shi
wear (to -), scratches (to have -) raa e- e-raa;
wear inside out (to -) raa e- e-raa kifuri;
worn out <for clothes> (to become -) sya e- e-sya;
wedding ar'usi zero- ; zero- -ar'usi; =sg

Wednesday juma zero- -jumatanu;
weed (to -), cultivate swh (to -) demia e- e-demia;
weed, grass (generic) re2 i- ; ma- i-re; ma-are

week jumaa i- ; ma- i-jumaa; ma-jumaa
weight, depth, length, measurement, dimensions esha kiki-esho;
weight, heaviness sito ll- ; ngyuu- u-sito; ngyuu-sito
weight, heaviness emia2 u- u-emerl;

west no word;
wet (to become -), rotten (to become -) bora2 e- e-boo;
wet (to make sth -), rotten (to make sth -) bora2 e- e-bora;
what and why? n' ky-oo-ki nkyooki na nk'iki? (< n' kyooki na
na n kiki? n' kiki?);
what reason 9 maduma ki- ; shi - ki-maduma' ri' kyooki?;

what thing? (used except human beings) n' ky-oo-ki? nkyoo-ki? (< n' kyoo-ki? ); nshl-ki
?(<n' shl-ki?)
what time? saa4 zero- saa iinga? / nsaa iinga?;

wheel ngaar'i zero- zero- -ngaar'i; =sg
;
when? indi-i? nyindil? (< n'-ndi-l?);
when? indi-i? indi-i?;
when? er'i ki- kye-er'i kinqdki?;

;
314
where? n'kwi nkwi?;
whet (to -), sharpen the edge (to -) wada2 e- e-wada-wada;
whet (to -), sharpen the edge (to -) nwol e- e-nwo;
whetstone wee2 i- ma- 1-wee lya ewadawada; ma-wee a

ewadawada
which? nga nga; pf-nga-pf
which son? nga N'- ; wa- ii'-soro u-nga-u; wa-soro

wa-nga-wa
which tree? nga N'- ; mi- ri'-ji ungau; mi-ji ingai
which tooth? nga i- ; ma- i-yoo lyingalyi; ma-yoo angawa
which thing? nga ki- ; shi- kl-ndo kingaki; shi-ndo shingashi
which pot? nga zero- ; zero- -niingu ingai; -niingu tingati
which ladle? nga u- ; ngyuu- u-liko lungalu; ngyuu-liko tingati
which place? nga a- ; ku- a-ndo aki; ku-ndo kuda
which (son)? n' u-nga-u? ny-ungd-u? (< n' iing-u?);

nwanga-wa? (< n' wanga-wa?)
which (tree)? n' u-nga-u? ny-unga-u? (< n' unga-u?);
ny-ingi-i? (< n' ingd-i?)
which (thing)? n' ki-nga-ki? nklnga-ki? (< n' kinga-ki?);

nshinga-shi? (< n' shing^-shi?)
which (pot)? n' i-nga-i? ny-ing^-i? (< n' inga-i?); ntinga-t

?(<n' tinga-ti?)
n' lu-nga-lu? nliinga-lu? (< n' lunga-lu?);

nting^-ti? (< n' tinga-ti?)
which (place)?, where? n a-nga nyangaa? (< n' ang-a?);
while; for a short while dakika zero- ; zero- -dakika eto tiichaa;
whistle (to -) kaba e- e-kaba n'-dori;
whistle with one's fingers (to -) kaba e- e-kaba kiforifo;
whistling dori N'- ; mi- n'-dori; mi-dorl
white eeo u- w-eeo (< u-eeo);

white (to be -; sth of Noun class 5) fan a e- e-fana ly-eeo;
white clayish soil sena zero- ; zero- -sena;
white hair moosa zero- ; zero- -moosa; =sg
white stone wee2 i- ; ma- i-wee lyeeo; ma-wee meeo
white-eye (a kind of birds) mbiro zero- ; zero- -mbiro; =sg

Whiteman, Englishman, European, termite sora N'- ; mi- n'-sora; mi-sora
Whiteman, Englishman, European sungu N'- ; wa- n'-sungu; wa-sungu

1
who' nyiw'i? nyiw'i?; nwaki?
whole body (the -) mbii2 N'- ; mi- m'-mbii woose; nii-mbii yoose
whole cattle (the -) umbe zero- ; zero- -limbe yoose;
why? n' kiki? nklki? ( < n' kiki?);
widow ka N'- ; wa- n'-ka nalaode m'-mi; wa-ka

walaode wo-mi
widower mi N'- ; wa- m'-mi nalaode n'-ka; wo-mi
walaode wa-ka
wife ka N'- ; wa- n'-ka; wa-ka
wife; his wife ka N'- ; wa- n'-ka-akwe; wa-ka w-akwe
wife; my wife ka N'- ; wa- (<

n'-ka-ako, n'-ka o ko);
wa-ka-wako
win (to -), beat (to -) kaba e- e-kaba;
wind kuma N'- ; mi- n'-kuma; mi-kuma

315

pi)
wind (to -), fold many times (to -) lemal e- e-lem-lema;
wind (to -), make sth rounded (to -), roll up (to -) ososa e- e-os6sa;
(generic)
wind around (to -) runguta e- e-rungiitya;
indow dirisha i- ; ma- 1-dirisha ; ma-dirisha
wing kongol i- ; ma- i-kongo; ma-kongo
ink (at a women) (to -) sinyia e- e-sinyia;
innow with blowing (to -) elal e- e-ela;
winnow, winnowing tray made of wood deewa2 N'- ; mi- n'-deewa; mi-deewa
winnow, winnowing tray made of metal kar'ai i- ; ma- 1-kar'al; ma-kar'al
ipe (to -) tuura e- e-tuura;
wipe (after evacuation) (to -) tuura e- e-tuura kisaa;
wipe excreta (to -) tuura e- e-tuiira ] madufr,
wipe one's wet hands (to -) tuura e- e-tuura mawoko;

ire nr'aachi zero-, zero- n-r'aachi; =sg
ish (to -), hope (to -) w'inyia e- e-w'inyia;
itch doctor, medicine man saw'i N'- ; wa- n'-sawT; wa-sawT
witchcraft saw'i u- ; ngyuu- u-saw"i; ngyuu-sawT
ither (to -), dry up (for laundry /land to -), unconscious omal e- e-oma;
o become -), vi
ithout anything, empties duul -duu;
ithout book kuwutafo kuwutafo kitabu;
without meat kuwutafo kuwutafo ng'an'ra;
without taste ila loda ila loda;
oman, female (of a human being) dunka N'- ; wari' -dunka; w3-ka
woman who talks too much mbala2 zero- ; zero- -mbala; =sg
omb fuko2 N'- ; mi- n'-fuko o usasl; mi-fuko ta usasl
ord, language, voice dedo ki- ; shi- ki-dedo; shi-dedo
ork (to -) runda e- e-runda;
work, job runda ki- ; shi- ki-rundio; shi-rundio
work wood (to -), curve (to -), shave wood (to -) bacha e- e-bacha;
orld, country r'ika3 u- ; ngyuu- li-r'ika; ngyuu-r'ika, nyiiu-r'ika
orm (generic) no generic word

ound donda ki- ; shi- kl-donda; shi-donda
ound on the head donda ki- ; shi- kl-donda n'-dou; shl-dondo n'dou
wound on the head donda ki- ; shi- kl-donda ndwe-n'; shl-dondo

ndwe-n'
rap up (to -) ososa e- e-ososia;
rinkles (lit. strings of the face) ruul - ; N'-, no sg; n'-r'uu ta kishangu,
ngyuu- ngyuu-r'uu ta kishangu
rist woko u- ; ma- u-woko; ma-woko
rite (to -) andika e- e-andika ;
X
'lophone (not used) no word
Y
am (a kind of -) furi2 i- ; ma- i-furi; ma-furi
yam (pinkish -) al ki- ; shi- ki-a kya ifur'i; shi-a sha ifur'i
yam (yellowish -) al ki- ; shi- ki-a kya iko; shi-a sha iko
plant of cocoyam jindi N'- ; mi- n'-jindi; mi-jindi

316
European cocoyam jindi N'- ; mi- n'-jlndi o kisungu; mi-jlndi ya

kisungu
edible tuber of cocoyam so3 zero- ; zero- -so; =sg

edible tuber of yam al ki- ; shi- ki-a (> kya); shi-a
seed part of yam (not edible) kol i- ; ma- i-ko; ma-ko

yawn (to -) ia e- e-ia;
yawn (to -) ia e- e-ia mooyi;
yawn mooyi zero- ; zero- -mooyi; =sg
year mooka zero- ; zero- -mooka; =sg
year old; 30 years old (to be -) wada2 e- e-wada mooka slasirii;
yellow manjanu zero- manjanu;
yes ee ee;
yesterday kou u- u-kou;
you (sg.) (Independent PN) nyewe, ewe nyewe / ewe;
yourself nyewe, ewe nyewe muni / ewe muni;
you (pi.) (Independent PN) nyeni, eni nyeni / eni;
yourselves riyeni, eni nyenyi w'eeni / eni w'eeni;

Classified Index
317
CLASSIFICATION
1. HUMAN BODY 25. Furniture
l.Head 26. Cleaning
2. Body
3. Ann VI. KINSHIP
4. Leg 27. Family
5. Inside of the Body 28. Marriage
6. Physiological Phenomena 29. Birth and Rearing
7. Senses
VH. HUMAN BEING
D. ILLNESS AND INJURY 30. Human Being
8. Illness 31. Death
9. Mental Disorder
10. Injury Vffl. ANIMALS

11. Skin Disease 32. Domestic Animals
12. Symptoms 33. Wild Animals
13. Physical Handicap 34. Hunting
14. Treatment 35. Reptiles
36. Small Creatures
DL CLOTHING AND DRESSING 37. Fish
15. Clothing 38. Birds
16. Sewing 39. Insects and Worms
17. Grooming
18. Ornaments DC PLANTS
40. Plants
IV. EATING 41. Parts of a Plant
19. Food 42. Life of a Plant
20. Cooking 43. Cultivation and Harvest
21. Tableware
22. Eating X. BODY ACTIONS

23. Condition of Food 44. Sleeping
45. Body Actions
46. Movement
V. DWELLING
24. House
. .
.
318
XI. DAILY LIFE 68. Colours and Shapes
47. Work
48. Fire XVI. NATURA L PHENOMENA
49. Water 69. Nature
70. Light and Sound
XD. SOCIAL LIFE
50. Language XVIL THE EARTH
51. Playing 7 1 Geographical Features
52. Fighting 72. Rivers
53. Giving and Receiving 73. Earth and Minerals
54. Society
55. Politics XVI IL TIME
56. War 74. Time
Xm. MENTAL LIFE XIX. NATURE OF THINGS
57. Feelings 75. Nature of Things
58. Mental Activity
59. Number and Counting XX. GENERAL(ACnON)
60. Religion 76. Beginning and Ending
77. Other Verbs
XIV. ACTION TOWARDS THINGS
6 1 Movement of Things XXI. GENERAL(THINGS)
62. Connecting and Disconnecting 78. General (Things)
63. Transformation
64. Cutting and Breaking XXD. MISCELLANEOUS
65. Other Kinds of Actions 79. Pronouns and Others
80. Interrogatives and Others
XV. THINGS 8 1 Adverbs and Conjunctions
66. Parts of Things 82. Greetings
67. Relation to Things

CLASSIFIED INDEX
Word No English KiwosoStem Prefix Word (sg; pi)
I. HUMAN BODY
1. Head
01.01, head, tip dwe N'- ; mi- n'-dwe ; mi-dwe
01.02. brain rongo u- ; ngyuu- li-rongo ; ngyiiu-rongo
01.03, occiput nini ki- ; shi- ki-nini ; shi-nini
01.04, hair (of a head) mbiil u- ; zero- u-mbii ; -mbli
01.04b, grow (of hair) (to -) leeya e- e-leeya ;
01.05, white hair moosa zero- ; zero- -moosa ; =sg
01.06, baldness haa u- ; ngyuu- u-haa ; ngyuu-haa
01.07,01.08 face, forehead shangu ki- ; shi- kl-shangu ; shl-shangu
01.09, wrinkles (lit. strings of the face) ruul - ; N'-, ngyuu- no sg ; n'-r'uu ta kishangu,
ngyuu-r'uu ta kishangu
01.10, eye sol ri- ; ma- ri-so ; mi-so (< ma-iso? )
01.10b, bad eye (lit. small eye) sol ki-ri- ; shi-ri- ki-ri-so ; shi-ri-so
01.10c, squint eye sheeru zero- ; zero- sheeru ; =sg
01.11, eyebrow (lit. hair above eye) mbiil - / zero- mbii wuye a r'iso; mbii wuye a
mi so
01.11, eyebrow ori mo-, mu- ; mi- mo-ori / mw-6ri ; mi-ori
01.12, eyelid tongo ki- ; shi- ki-tongo ; shi-tongo
01.13, eyelash nguya zero- ; zero- -nguya ; =sg

01.15,01.16 nose, nostril bwo N'-; m'-bwo ; =sg
01.16b, hole of nose rocho i- ; ma- i-rocho lya ] rri'bwo ; ma-rocho a
] rri'bwo
01.17, mouth kana zero- ; zero- -k&na ; =sg

01.18, lip romu ki- ; shi- ki-romu ; shl-romu
01.19, tongue umi u- ; ngyuu- u-lumi ; ngyuu-lumi
01.20, tooth yoo3 i- ; ma- 1-yoo ; ma-yoo

01.21, front tooth yoo3 i- ; ma- i-yoo lya mbele; ma-yoo a mbele
01.22, molar (lit. tooth of jaw) yoo3 i- ; ma- i-yoo lya moondu-n' ; md-yoo a
m6ondu-n'
01.22b, canine teeth, chisel asal ki- ; shi- ki-asa ; shi-asa
01.23, moustache, beard (generic) ngerero zero- ; zero- -ngerero ; =sg

01.24, cheek nguchu zero- ; zero- -nguchu ; =sg
01.25, ear du i- ; ma- i-du ; ma-du
01.25b, ear du ka- ka-du ; =sg
01.27, lower jaw moondu zero- ; zero- -moondu o shimbai ; -moondu ta
shimbai
01.28, chin eri ki- ; shi- kye-eri, kye-er'i ; she-eri
01.29, beard ngerero zero- ; zero- -ngerero ; =sg

01.30,01.32 neck, throat ryal N'- ; mi- n'-rya ; ml-n'-rya
01.33, Adam's apple korol i- ; ma- i-koro ; ma-koro
2. Body
02.01, body mbii2 N'- ; mi- rfi'-mbii ; mi-mbii
02.02, trunk of body tumburu ki- ; shi- ki-tumburu ; shi-tumburu

320
02.03, skin (of a human being, animals; choni ki- ; shi- ki-chom ; shi-choril
generic)
02.04, hair on body (of human beings or mbiil u- ; zero- u-mbii ; -mbii
animals)
02.05, shoulder koso i- ; ma- i-koso ; ma-koso
02.06, chest mbafu zero- ; zero- -mbafu ; =sg
02.07, breast w'eel i- ; ma- i-w'ee ; ma-w'ee
02.08, nipple, teat (of human nyodo zero- ; zero- -nyodo ; =sg
beings/animals; generic)
02.09, abdomen ndeu zero- ; zero- -ndeu ; =sg
02.10, pit of the stomach chembe zero- ; zero- -chembe ya moyo ; -chembe ta
moyo
02.10b, something little trace chembe zero- ; zero- -chembe ;
02.11, navel mambocho ki- ; shi- ki-mambocho ; shi-mambocho
02.11b, navel (of animal) tofu ki- ; shi- ki-tofu ; shi-tofu
02.13, armpit kelekele i- ; ma- i-kele-kele ; ma-kelekele
02.14, hair of armpit mbiil - / zero- - ; -mbii ta makelekele
02.15, side of body wari2 zero- ; zero- u-wari-n' lo ] m'-mbii ; -mbari-i

ya ] m'-mbii
02.16, waist si ki- ; shi- ki-si ; shi-si
02.17, hip nama ki- ; shi- ki-nama ; shi-nama
02.18, back of body mungo zero- ; zero- -mungo ; =sg
02.19,02.20 buttock, anus, dent of a outsic saal ki- ; shi- ki-saa ; shi-saa
bottom
02.22, penis, testicle masi ki- ; shi- kl-masi ; shl-masi
02.22b, penis, testicle (vulgar) mbolo zero- ; zero- -mbolo ; =sg
02.24, vulva, female genitals burasi zero- ; zero- -mburasl ; =sg

02.25, pubic hair ambwii ki- ; shi- ky-ambwii ; shi-2mbwii
3. Arm
03.01,03.02 arm, hand, back of the hand woko u- ; ma- u-woko ; ma-woko
03.03, palm of the hand kidao ki- ; shi- ki-dao ; shi-dao
03.04, back of the hand, hand, arm woko u- ; ma- u-woko ; ma-woko
03.05, fist munde zero- ; zero- -munde ; =sg
03.06, finger nyi /ni N'- ; mi- ri'-nyi ; mi-nyi
03.07, thumb (lit. finger+big) nyf NT- ; mi- ri'-nyi u-ng'ane ; mi-nyi ing'ane
03.08, forefinger not found ;
03.09, middle finger (lit. nyi N'- ; mi- n'-nyi o kiidi ; mi-nyi ya kiidi
finger+of+middle)
03.10, third finger not found ;
03.11, little finger (lit. finger+of+?) ni / nyi ki-n'- ; shi-n'- ki-n'ni kya manchengelela ;
shi-n'ni sha manchengelela
03.12, fingernail (of a human being, wala u- ; ngy- u-wala ; ngy-ala

animal)
03.13,03.14 wrist, forearm woko u-woko ; ma-woko

1
321
/ord No English KiwosoStem Prefix Word (sg; pi)
)3.15, elbow kon'ko u- ; ngyuu- u-kori'ko ; ngyuu-kori'ko /
ngyoo-kori'ko
4. Leg
14.01, leg, foot dende u- ; ma- u-dende ; ma-dende
M.02, thigh, the side of a belly (Otr) choro zero- ; zero- choro ; =sg
14.03, knee, fly n'r'i zero- ; zero- -nr'i ; =sg
)4.04, 04.05 lower part of the leg, shin muuro zero- ; zero- -muuro ; =sg
)4.06, calf of the leg taanr'i N'- ; mi- n'-taanr'i ; mi-taanr'i
34.07, foot, leg dende u- ; ma- u-dende ; ma-dende
34.08, ankle songo ki- ; shi- ki-songo ; shi-songo
34.09, sole, footprint ayo u- ; ngy- ti-ayo (> li-wayo) ; ngy-dyo
)4.10, heel tutuni zero- ; zero- -tutuni ; =sg
34.11, footprint, sole ayo u- ; ngy- u-ayo (> u-wayo) ; ngy-dyo
34.12, footfall tiri N'- ; mi- ri'-tiri ; mi-tiri
5. Inside of the Body
35.01, bone fwo, fuo i- ; ma- i-fwo, i-fuo ; ma-fwo, ma-fuo
35.02, bone marrow muungol zero- ; zero- -muungo ; =sg
35.03, joint (of a body/door etc.) lunga i- ; ma- i-lungo ; md-lungo
35.04, skull fwo i- ; ma- i-fwo lya ] ri'dwe ; ma-fuo a ]
ri'dwe
05.05, shoulder blade (lit. bone of the fwo i- ; ma- i-fwo lya ] ri'rya ; ma-fwo a ]
neck) ri'rya
05.08, rib, side of the body wari2 u- ; zero- u-wari ; -mbari
05.09, backbone rotoroto u- ; ngyuu- u-rotoroto ; ngyuu-rotoroto
05.10, blood samu zero- ; zero- -samu ; =sg

05.11, vein (lit. root of blood) r'i N'- ; mi- ri'-r'i o samu ; mi-n'-r'i ya samu
05.12, tendon, root of plant r'i N'- ; mi- ri'-r'i ; mi-n'-r'i
05.12b, tendon of Achilles r'i N'- ; mi- ri'-r'i o udende ; mi-n'-r'i ya

madende
05.13, heart ngoo zero- ; zero- -ngoo ; =sg

05.14, lung washi-washi i- ; ma- i-washi-washi ; ma-washiwashi
05.15, stomach ndeu zero- ; zero- -ndeu ; =sg

05.16, liver jima zero- ; ma- jima ; ma-jima
05.18, gall-bladder fuko2 N'- ; mi- m'-fuko o udo ; mi-fuko ya udo
05.18b, bile, gallbladder do u- ;

- u-do ; =sg
05.19, intestines ula i- ; ma- i-ula ; ma-ula
05.19b, small intestines yoolo i- ; ma- i-yo61o ; ma-yoolo
05.19c, large intestines (lit. intestine of ula i- ; ma- i-ula lya ] m^dufi ; ma-ula a ]
dung) madufi
05.20, kidney 00 zero- ; zero- -shio ; -shio
05.21, urinary bladder ngumiri zero- ; zero- -ngumiri ; =sg

05.22, womb fuko2 N'- ; mi- n'-fuko o usasl ; mi-fuko ta usasl
6. Physiological Phenomena
06.01, dandruff mbalal zero- ; zero- -mbala ; =sg
322
Word No English CiwosoStem Prefix Word (sg; pi)
06.02, tears chechere N'- ; mi n'-chechere ; mi-chechere
06.03, shed tears (to -) fiira e- e-fiira mi-chechere ;
michechere
06.04, shut eyes (to -) r'umba e- e-r'umba ;
06.04b, wink (at a women) (to -) sinyia e- e-sinyia ;
06.06, nasal mucus choma i- ; ma- i-choma ; ma-choma

06.07, blow one's nose (to -) wuta e- e-wuta ichoma ; e-wuta machonr
06.09, beat <of the heart> (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ;
06.10, beat quickly (for the kaba e- e-kaba ] ferefere ;
heart/somebody to -), throb (for the

heart to -)
06.10b, quickly fere-fere -fe re -fere ;
06.11, breath muyal i- ;

- i-muya ;
06.12, breathe (to -) emuya e- e-emuya ;
06.13, breathe quickly (to -) emuya e- e-emiiya ferefere ;
06.14, inhale (to -), breathe in (to -), pull omwo e- e-omwo ;
(to-)
06.15, exhale (to -), breathe out (to -) wuta e- e-wuta hewa ;
06.16, blow with one's mouth (to -), steal ew'ia e- e-ew'ia ;
from sb (to -)
06.17, saliva, spittle ade - ; ma- md-ade ;
06.18, spit spittle (to -) ficha e- e-ficha maade ;
06.18b, spit out (sth) (to -) ficha e- e-ficha ;
06.20, phlegm koowo i- ; ma- i-koowo ; ma-koowo

06.21, cough (to -) koowo e- e-koowo ;
06.22, cough koowo u- u-koowo ;
06.23, yawn (to -) ia e- e-ia ;
06.23b, yawn (to -) ia e- e-ia mooyi ;
06.24, yawn mooyi zero- ; zero- -mooyi ; =sg

06.25, hiccup (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ngekefu ;
06.26, hiccups ngekefu zero- ; zero- -ngekefu ;
06.27, sneeze (to -) atamwo e- e-atcimwo ;
06.28, sneeze atamwo zero- ;

- atamwo ;
06.29, belch (generic) wuru i- ;

- i-wiiru ;
06.29b, belch after drinking milk (for a ebechwo e- e-ebechwo ;
baby to -)
06.29c, belch (to -) wuru e-i- e-e-wiiru (< e-i-wiiru )
06.30, sweat, steam rike N'- ; mi- ri'-rike ; ml-rike
06.31, perspire (to -) chichina e- e-chichina ] ri'-r'ike ;
06.32, dirt (on the body) r'icha ki- ; shi- ki-r'icha ; shi-r'icha
06.33, urinate (to -) waama e- e-wa<ima ;
06.34, urine waama - ; ma- no sg. ; ma-waimu

06.35, defecate (to -) faka e- e-faka ;
06.36, excreta (of human beings) dufi i- ; ma- i-dufi ; mi-dufi

;
323
06.36b. excreta of domestic animals (cattle, alal ki- ; shikya-ala ; sh3-ala
goat, sheep and chicken) (generic)
06.36c, excreta of goat/sheep mbor'ocho zero- ; zero- -mbor'ocho ; =sg
06.36d, semi-solid excreta of bota i- ; ma- 1-bota ; ma-bota

cattle/goat/sheep
06.36e, liquid excreta of cattle/goat/sheep are u- ;

- w-are (< u-are) ; =sg
06.37. break wind (to -), let out gas (to -) ar'aka e- e-ar'aka ;
06.38, fart, breaking wind (per anus), gas chambo ki- ; shi- ki-chambo ; ma-chambo
7. Senses
07.01, see (to -) lolya e- e-lolya ;
07.02, look at (to -), take care of (to -) n'la e- e-n'la ;
07.03, seen (to be -), in sight (to be -) lolya e- e-lolyo ;
(stati)
07.03b, seen each other (to be -) n'la e-ku- e-ku-ri'la ;
07.03c, see each other (to -) lolya e-ku- e-ku-161ya ;
07.03d, seen (to be -) (pass) lolya e- e-lolyo ;
07.04, disappear (to -), lost to sight (to -) deka e- e-dekia ;
07.05, obstruct the sight (to -) shinga e- e-shingia ;
07.06, watch (to -) n'la e- e-n'la ;
07.07, look for (to -), seek (to -), heat shial e- e-shia ;
season (for cattle to be -)
07.08, find (to -) kooyal e- e-kooya ;
07.08b, find (sth hidden) (to -) wona e- e-wona ;
07.09, look around (to -) n'la e- e-n'la mbar'i-n' ;
07.10, look behind (to -) n'la e- e-n'la numa ;
07.11, peep at/through (to -) amaia e- e-amaia ;
07.12, watch over (to -) r'inga e- e-r'inga ;
07.13, notice (to -), see (to -) lolya e- e-lolya ;
07.14, show (to -) ora e- e-ora (> yo-ora ) ;
07.15, hear (to -), feel (to -) itya e- e-itya (> e-etya / i-itya )
07.16, listen (to -), attention (to pay -) adanya e- e-addnya / e-adcinia ;
07.16b, listened (to be -) (pass) adanya e- e-adanyo / e-adanio ;
07.17, heard (to be -) itya e- e-ityo ( > e-etyo )
07.18, strain one's ears (to -) deiya e- e-deiya madu ;
07.18, set a trap (to -) deiya e- e-delya ;
07.19, smell, odour faama N'- ; N'- n'-faamo ; =sg

07.20, smell bad (to -), smell (to -) (Vi) daal e- e-daa ;
07.21, smell good (to -) faama e- e-fadma ] nlcha ;
07.21b, smell (to -) (vi) faama e- e-faama ;
07.21c, 40.43b smell (to -) (vt) faama e- e-faamia ;
07.22, receive a smell (sth) (to -) (lit. smell : itya e- e-itya ] n'-faamo ;
the smell)
11. ILLNESS AND INJURY

8. Illness
324
08.01, illness, disease ndwaari zero- ; zero- -ndwaari ; =sg
08.02, ill (to become -) lool e- e-loo ;
08.03, get (a disease) (to -) wada2 e- e-wado ndwaari ;
08.04, spread (of a disease) (to -) raraka e- e-rarta ;
08.05, infect (to -) ambutya e- e-ambutya ;
08.06, patient, invalid ndu N'- ; wari'-ndu alwe ; w3-ndu walwe
08.07, cold (lit. nasal mucus) choma - ; ma- no sg ; ma-choma
08.08, catch cold (to -) wada2 e- e-wado na machoma ;
08.09, leprosy waw'e i- ; ma- i-waw'e ; ma-waw'e
08.10, malaria sengu i- ; ma- i-sengu ; ma-sengu
08.12, tetanus tetenisi zero- ; zero- -tetenisi ;
08.14, small pox shuku i- ; ma- i-shuku ; ma-shuku
08.15, headache see 12.01
08.15b, toothache see 12.01
08.15c, stomachache see 12.01
08.15d, have diarrhea (to -), have loose endesha e- e-endesha ;
bowels (to -)
08.15e, round worm odooye ki- ; shi- kyo-odooye ; sho-odooye
08.15f, ringworm, favus soo ki- ; shi- kl-soo ; shi-soo
08.16, fever homa zero- ; zero- homa ;
9. Mental Disorder
09.01, madness, craziness suko u- ;

- u-suko ;
09.02, mad, crazy, insane (to become -) suko e-suko ;
09.03, mad person, crazy person suko N'- ; wari'-suko ; wa-suko
09.04, shout (generic) (to -) kooma e- e-kooma ;
09.05, babble (to -), do/speak carelessly deda2 e- e-deda w'er'esha ;
(to-)
09.06, stupidity sembo u- ;

- u-sembo ;
09.07, stupid (to be -) wa2 e- e-wa isembo ;
09.08, foolish person tondo zero- ; ma- -tondo ; ma-tondo
10. Injury
10.01, injured (to become -) no generic word, see "break a

bone" or "cut a hand.")
10.03, bleed (to -), rob (to -) soka e- e-soka ;
10.04, wound donda ki- ; shi- kl-donda ; shi -donda
10.05, wound on the head donda ki- ; shi- ki-donda n'-dou ; shi-dondo n'di
10.05b, wound on the head donda ki- ; shi- ki-donda ndwe-n' ; shi-dondo
ndwe-n'
10.06, hurt a sore (to -) dodokwo e- e-dod6kwo ki-donda ;
10.06b, hurt (to -) dodokwo e- e-dodokwo ;
10.10, pus shal u- ;

- u-sha ;
10.10b, press out some pus (to -) kama e- e-kama ;
10.11, scab woye u- woye ; =sg

10.12, scar ngoru zero- ; zero- -ngoru ;
325
Vord No English KiwosoStem Prefix Word (sg; pi)
10.13, dislocated (to be -) wona e- e-wona irishi ;
i0.13b, dislocation rishi i- ; ma- 1-rishi ; mci-risha
10.14, graze (to -), injure one's skin (to -) raa e- e-raa kichoni ;
10.14b, scratches (to have -), wear (to -) raa e- e-raa ;
11. Skin Disease
11.01, boils de u- ; ma- u-de ; ma-ude
11.02, burst open (to -) barika e- e- barika ;
i 1 .04, tinea enganyi ki- ; shi- kye-enganyi ; she-enganyi
11.05, swell <after being bitten by an shimba e- e-shimba ;
insect> (to -)
1.08, water blister caused by fire war'il i- ; ma- i-warl ; ma-warl
1.09, get a bum (to -) sha2 e- e-sha ;
1.10, 1. blister after sitting near the fire mbala2 zero- ; zero- -mbdla ; =sg
too long, 2. mysterious animal
whose cry kills one who hears, 3.
woman who talks too much
11.13, wart ndudu zero- ; zero- -ndudu ; =sg
11.14, pimple beso zero- -beso ; =sg
11.15, corn (on a hand, on a foot) waril, ware i- ; ma- i-wari / i-ware ; ma-wari /
ma-ware
11.16, crack on the foot anga i- ; ma- i-anga ; ma-anga
12. Symptoms
12.01, painful (to be -), pain (to feel -), wawa e- e-wawa ;
carry child (to -)
12.02, pain, bitterness wawa N'- (cl. 3) ;

- n'-wawo ;
12.03, itch (to -) r'eda e- e-r'eda ;
12.03b, itched (to be -) (pass) r'eda e- e-r'ejyo ;
12.04, giddiness, dizziness sungu-sungu ki- ; shi- k'l-sungu-sungu ;
12.04b, giddiness, dizziness runguswo u- ; ngyuu- u-runguswo ; ngyuu-runguswo
12.05, giddy, dizzy (to become -) itya e- e-itya urunguswo ;
12.06, heartburn unguya ki- ; shi- kyii-unguya ; shu-unguya
12.09, vomit out (to -) daaka e- e-daaka ;
12.10, tired (to become -) adaa e- e-adaa ;
12.12, shiver (to -) dedema e- e-dedema ;
12.13, faint (to -) omal e- e-oma ;
12.14, come to oneself (to -) , recover ruka e- e-ruka ;
consciousness (to -)
12.15, suffer from (to -) waw'ia e- e- waw'ia ;
12.15b, suffer (to be -) waw'ia e- e-waw'io ;
13. Physical Handicap
1-01, lame person lemal ki- ; shi- ki-lema / ki-lema ; shi-lema /
shi-lema
13.02, lame (to become -) wa2 e-wa kilema ;
13.02b, lame (to become -) wona e-wona kilema (= e-wa kilema)

326
13.03, crippled person lemal ki- ; shi- ki-lema / ki-lema ; shi-lema /
shi-lema
13.04, blind person (generic) ndu N'- ; wari'-ndu afiye miso ; wa-ndu wafij
niiso
13.04b, blind person (generic) ndu N'- ; wari'-ndu ar'umbie ; w2-ndu
war'umbie
13.05, blind (to become -), invisible (to r'umba e-r'umbia ;
become - due to rain, fog, or

darkness)
13.06, dumb person bubu zero- ; zero- bubu ;

sg
(cls. 1,2)
13.07, deaf person fo2 N'- ; wa- m'-fomadu (< efo madu) ; wa-fi
madu (< efo madu)
13.07b, deaf (to become -) (lit. to die+ears) fo2 e- e-fo madu ;
14. Treatment
14.01, stroke (to -), pat (to -), rub (to -) achara e- e-achara ;
14.02b, massage (to -) fota e- e-fota-fota ;
14.03, press tenderly with fingers (to -) sirya e- e-sirya na minyi ;
14.03b, press (to -) (generic) sirya e- e -sirya ;
14.04, scrape (an itchy spot) (to -) suwal e- e-suwa ;
14.05, extract a thorn (to -) wuta e- e-wuta musha ;
14.05b, extract (to -) wuta e- e-wuta ;
14.06, suck out, pull (to -) omwo e- e-omwo (> y6-omwo)

14.07, put on a medicine, smear a ambal e- e-amba ) ri'-ji ;
medicine (to -)
14.07b, put on, smear (to -) ambal e- e-amba;
14.08, medicine, tree J'l N'- ; mi- n'-ji; mi-ji
14.09, foment (to -) (wanned banana is kora e- e-kora;

used), cook (to -)
14.1 1, cure (to -), survive (to -) kira e- e-kira ;
14.12, cured (to become -), well (to get -), kira e- e-kiro ;
all right (to get -) (pass)
14.12b, cured (to be -) (pass) kira e- e-kiro ;
14.12c, shrink (for swollen wound to - and deeyal e- e-deeya ;
become cured)
14.13, treat (wound/illness) (to -) chira e- e-chira ;
14.15, doctor, medicine man kanga N'- ; wari'-kanga ; w^-kanga
14.17, medicine man, witch doctor saw'i N'- ; wa- n'-sawT ; wa-sawl
14.18, foretell (to -) lashia e- e-lashia ;
14.18b, place where a divine message is ndasha zero- ; zero- -ndasha ;
passed to villagers, fortune-telling
14.19, bleed by cupping (to -) (old custom asa2

before Christianity arrived)
III. CLOTHING AND DRESSING

327
>rd No English KiwosoStem Prefix Word (sg; pi)
15. Clothing
.01, clothes, skin (Kiw'oso origin) choni zero- ; zero- -choni ; =sg
01b, clothes gwo, guo N'- ; N'- n'-gwo / ri'-guo ; =sg
.02, loincloth, waistcloth for man. baby korori N'- ; mi- n'-korori ; mi-korori
sling
traditional clothes for women (like rinda i- ; ma- 1-rinda ; ma-rinda

a skirt)
underwear of women (wearing it kamisi zero- ; zero- -kamisi ; =sg

under "i-rinda")
wear (to -) raa e- e-raa ;
wear inside out (to -) raa e- e-raa kifiiri ;
state of inside out, something furil ki- ; shi- ki-furi ; shi-furi

opposite
clothe (sb) (to -) (lit. to put a w'ika e-w'ika ] ri'-gwo ;
clothes)
clothe (sb), put (to -), keep (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika ;
take off (clothes) (to -) wuta e- e-wuta ;
take off (clothes) (to -) wuta e- e-wuta(-fo) n'-guo ;
taken off <clothes> (to become -), oloka e- e-oloka ;
drop (to -)
help to undress (to -) akanya e- e-akanya ewuta n'-guo ;
worn out <for clothes> (to become sya e- e-sya ;
-)
torn <for clothes> (to become -) r'atuka e-r'atuka ;
old clothes torn ngocha zero- ; zero- -ngocha ; =sg

wash (clothes, generic) (to -) samba e- e-sambia ;
soap sabuni zero- ; zero- -sabuni ; =sg

rinse (with clean water) (to -) samba e- e-sambia na muda mwili
spread to dry (clothes/mats, etc.) (to aduta e- e-aduta ;
-)
spread to dry (clothes/mats etc.) (to anika e-anika ;
-)
take in (laundry, etc.) (to -) ita e- e-ita ] rri'-ba ;
trousers (long -) sur'uwaale zero- ; zero- -sur'uwaale ; =sg

trousers (short -) nyasa ki- ; shi- ki-nyasa ; shi-nyasa
belt (cloth) (formed by twisting a ruumu u- ; ngyuu- u-ruumu ; ngyuu-ruumu

cloth)
shoe (Western type) adu ki- ; shi- ki-adu ; sha-adu
traditional sandal (made from skin kubasi i- ; ma- i-kubasi ; ma-kubasi

or tyre)
rubber sandal lapu zero- ; ma-, -lapu ; ma-lapu, -lapu

zero-
5.24, go barefoot (to -) enda e- e-enda duu ;
16. Sewing
:
328
16.01, thread ruul u- ; N'- u-ruu ; n'-ruu ( preferrt

people ) / ngyoo-ruG / r
16.03, needle (to sew cloth) sindanu2 zero- ; zero- -sindanu ; =sg
16.04, thread (to -) aka e- e-aka ] u-ruu ;
16.04b, put in sth through a narrow space aka e- e-aka ;
(to-)
16.05, pierce <a needle> (to -) docha e- e -docha ;
16.06, cloth tambaa ki- ; shi- ki-tambaa ; shl-tambaa
16.07, scissors akasi - ; ma- ma-ak^si ; =sg
16.09, sew (to -) w'eia e- e-w'eia ;
16.09b, sew (to -) shona e- e-shona ;
16.10, knit (with tools) (to -) (Kiw'oso weia e- e-weia ;
origin)
16.10b, knit (with hands) (to -) (Kiw'oso oka e-oka ;
origin)
16.11, undo (something knitted) (to -) oromwo e- e-oromwo ;
16.12, try on (to -) kwesha e- e-kwesha ;
16.12b, try on (to -) (lit. bima e- e-ku-bima ;
to-you(sg)-measure)
16.12c, measure (to -) bima e- e-bima ;
16.13, fit (to -) kaaya e- e-kaaya ;
16.16, patch (to -) (lit. to put a patch) w'ika e- e-w'ika kiraka ;
16.16b, patch raka ki- ; shi- ki-raka ; shi-raka
16.16c, patch (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika ;
17. G rooming
17.01, wash (one's face) (to -) samba e- e-sambia kishangu ;
17.01b, wash (hands, dishes, clothes, pots, samba e- 6-samba ;
bottles, etc.) (to -)
17.02, brush one's teeth (to -) singa2 e- e-singa mayoo ;
17.02b, clean with brush (to -) singa2 e- e-singa ;
17.03, comb (to -) chana e- e-chana ;
17.04, comb (generic) chana zero- ; zero- -chana ; =sg
17.05, braid the hair (to -) suka2 e- 6-suka mbii ;
17.06, undo (the hair) (to -) fumuo e- e-fumuo mbii ;
17.07, cut the hair (to -), shave (to -) wuta e- e-wutci ri'-dwe ;
17.08, shave (beard) (to -) wuta e- e-wuta ngerero ;
17.09, razor eembe u- ; N'- u-eembe ( > w-eembe) nib-een
17.10, bathe (oneself) (to -) samba e- 6-samba ;
17.11, wash one's body (to -) samba e- e-samba mbii ;
17.11b, wash a body of a dead person (to -) no custom ;
17.12, rub oneself (wash one's body) (to -) singa2 e- e-singa m'bii ;
17.13, wash one's lower part of body after samba e- e-sambia ;
evacuation (to -)
17.14, wipe (after evacuation) (to -) tuura e- e-tuura kisaa ;

329
English KiwosoStem Prefix Word (sg; pi)
yool ki- ; shi- ki-yoo ; shl-yoo
smear (sth) on one's body, put on ambal e- e-kw-amba ;
(sth) on one's body (to -)
smear (to -), put on (to -) ambal e- e-amba ;
slash (to -), cut off (to -), make two racha e- e-racha ;
slits with a knife under each eye (to
7.18b, mark on face sare zero- ; zero- -sare ; =sg
18. Ornaments
8.01, earring bili ki- ; shi- ki-bili ; shi-bili
8.02, necklace (Kiw'oso origin) mbisa zero- ; zero- -mbisa ; =sg
8.02, necklace made of chain (Kiw'oso she N'- ; mi- n'-she ; mi-she
origin)
bracelet (generic) bangili zero- ; zero- bangili ; =sg
bracelet (made from copper) ambo i- ; ma- y-ambo ; ma-ambo

(Kiw'oso origin)
finger-ring beti zero- ; zero- -bti ; =sg
bead, necklace made by beads mbisa zero- ; zero- -mbisa ; =sg
cap tungal ki- ; shi- ki-tunga ; shi-tunga
hat kofya zero- ; zero- -kofya ; =sg

umbrella fuh N'- ; mi- n'-fiili ; mi-fuli
walking-stick senge N'- ; mi- n'-senge ; mi-senge
cudgel mbiidi zero- ; zero- -mbiidi ; =sg
food lyal ki- ; shi- k-e-lya ; sh-e-lya
cooked rice, rice grain, rice plant chele N'- ; mi- n'-chele ; mi-chele
mush (so called "ugali", introduced karil u- u-kan ; =sg

recently together with maize)
cook mush (to -) rya2 e- e-rya ukari ;
cook (to mush, to

- stir stiff mush to rya2 e- e-rya ;
cook uniformly)
bread kate N'- ; mi- ri'-kate ; mi-kate
alcoholic drinks (generic) wari3 zero- ; zero- -wa>i ; =sg

the first alcoholic drink that is wari3 zero- ; zero- -wri o ndasha (= ndasha ngintu)
brewed in the process of
engagement (lit. alcoholic drink +of
+ foretelling).
the first alcoholic drink that is wari3 zero- ; zero- -ndasha ngintu
engagement (lit. foretelling + small)
(synonym of "wari o ndasha")
the second alcoholic drink that is wari3 zero- ; zero- -ndasha nginiini / -ndasha niini
engagement (lit. foretelling + big)
330
19.07d, the third alcoholic drink that is wari3 zero- ; zero- -w3ri o kidedo ;

engagement (lit. alcoholic drinks
+of + talk)
19.07e, the fourth alcoholic drink that is wari3 zero- ; zero- -wari o waka na womi ;

+of + women and men)
19.07f, the fifth alcoholic drink that is wari3 zero- ; zero- -wari o wasacha
+of + brother/brother-in-law)
19.08, strong (to be -), fierce (to be -) kalyal e- e-kalya ;
19.09, ferment (to -), make fermented (to w'ira e- e-w'irisa ;
-)
19.10, fermented (to become -) w'ira e- e-w'ira ;
19.11, filter (to -) kama e- e-kama ;
19.11b, brew (to -), send (to -) dika e- e-dika ;
19.12, alcoholic drink made from wari3 zero- ; zero- -wari o umbi
banana/millets (filtered but not
distiled)
19.12b, alcoholic drink made from banana piwa zero-, zero- -piwa (= chang'aa )
(fermented a long time and distiled)
19.12b, alcoholic drink made from banana chang'aa zero- ; zero- -chang'aa ;
(fermented a long time and distiled)
19.12b, straw for drinking beer not used ;
19.13, broth, side dish of mush (generic) subu zero- ; zero- -subu ;
19.13b, broth with fresh blood susio ki- ; shi- ki-susio ; shi-susio
19.13c, banana dish called "n'-tori." a kind tori N'- ; mi- n'-tori ; mi-tori
of sticky banana soup (like a
starch-and-water mixture)
19.13d, banana dish called "ki-tawa." a tawa ki- ; shi- ki-tawa ; shi-tawa
paste of beans and banana.
19.13e, banana dish (drink) called bulu ki- ; shi- ki-bulu ; shi-bulu
"ki-bulu". Soft porridge.
19.13f, banana dish (drink) called "ki-bulu bulu ki- ; shi- ki-bulu kya malela ; shi-bulu sha
kya malela." One of the soft drinks malela
made from banana.
19.13g, banana dish called "ng'ande." ng'ande zero- ; zero- -ng'ande ;
banana porridge.
19.13h, banana dish called "ma-karoni" karoni - ; ma- no sg ; ma-karorii
19.13i, banana dish called "mbemba." mbemba - ; zero -mbemba ;
banana soup.
19.13J, banana dish called "kimantina." mantina ki- ; shi- ki-mantina ; shi-mantina
Weaning food made of banana.
19.13k. banana dish called "ulawi." Slightly law

law'i u- ; ngyuu- li-law'i ; ngyiiu-law'i
heavy banana soup.
;
331
banana dish called "kitaloolo.' '

one taloolo ki- ; shi- ki-taloolo ; shl-taloolo
type pf banana soup.
banana dish called "makashi." food, kashi - ; ma- ma-kashl ;
slightly hard mush.
salt chumbi zero- ; zero- -chumbi ;
land salt chumbi zero- ; zero- -chumbi ya mabenga
something gritty, crystal salt benga i- ; ma- i-benga ; ma-benga
soda (so called "magadi" in East bala N'- (cl. 3) m'-bala ;
Africa), baking soda
pepper bilibili zero- ; zero- bilibili ; =sg
oil (generic) fuda - ; ma- ma-fuda ;
cooking oil fuda - ; ma- ma-fuda ekora ;
lamp oil fuda - ; ma- ma-fuda a taa ;
oil (to make -) kaanga e- e-kaanga mafuda ;
mafuda
sugar (Kiw'oso origin) loda N'- ; mi- n'-lodo ; mi-lodo
sugar sukari zero- ; zero- -sukari ;
tea chai zero- ; zero- -chai ;
coffee kaawa zero- ; zero- kaawa ;
cook (to -) (generic) kora e- e-kora ;
cook for sb (to -), weld (to -) kora e- e-korya ;
boil something (to -) kora e- e-korci ] kindo ;
boil water (to -) kora e- e-kora ] miida ;
boiled up (to become -), read; </ for sha2 e- e-sha ;
(the food) (to become -), burnt (to

be -)
bubble up (to -) (vi) fuluya e- e-fuluya ;
boil over (to -) vi busuka e- e-busuka ;
simmer (to -) tokota e- e- tokota ;
steam, sweat rike N'- ; mi- ri'-rike ; mi-rike
roast (to -) okya e- e-okya (> yo-okya)
bake in ashes (to -) siw'ika e- e-siw'ika ;
fry (meat) (to -) kaanga e- e-kainga ;
dry (meat) (to -) aduta e- e-aduta ;
smoke (meat) (to -) aduta e- e-aduta ] musu-n' ;
cooked (to become well -) sha2 e- e-sha ;
meat not cooked enough ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra ilangishe 1 nicha ;
ng'an'ra tilangishe ] nicha
raw meat ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra ) ingiw'ishi ; ng'an'ra

ngiw'ishi
high (for meat) (to become -) no word ;
cooking-stone shia2 i- ; ma- i-shia ; ma-shia
put a pot (on the fire) (to -) deiya e- e-deiya nungu ;
put (sth on the fire) (to -) deiya e- e-deiya ;

332
20.18, take off a pot from the fire (to -) tamuo e- e-tamuo ;
20.19, warm (sth) (to -), put sth down (to sambuka e- e-sambuta ;
-) (caus)
20.20, take out food from the pot (to -), daa2 e-daa ;
dish up (to -), draw (to -), scoop (to

-)
20.20b, remove food from the pot with wuta e-wuta kelya nungu-n'
hands (to -)
20.20c, tilt a pot to pour out food (to -) leta e- e-leta kelya nungu-n' ;
20.21, pour (water) (to -) leta e- e-leta ;
20.22, overflow (to -) busuka e- e -busuka ;
20.23, pour out (to -) busuo e- e-busiio ;
20.24, season (to -) unga e- e-unga ;
20.25, sprinkle (salt) (to -) nanatya e- e-nanatya ; e-yi-nanatya
20.26, scrape food from a pot (to -) takura e- e-takiira ;
20.26b, scrape the food stuck at the bottom komba e- e-komba ;
of the pot (to -)
20.26c, scrape pots or pans to clear (to -) kur'a e-kur'a ;
21. Tableware
21.01, pot (generic) nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu ; =sg
21.01b, cooking pot nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu ye-koria ; nungu te-k6ric
21.02, pot for keeping water nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu ya muda ; nungu ta mud
21.03, calabash bottle, calabash (plant) nduw'i zero- ; zero- -nduw'i ; =sg
21.04, bottle chuba zero- ; zero- -chuba ; =sg

21.05, stopper finiko ki- ; shi- ki-finiko ; shi-finiko
21.05b, stopper made of dried leaf of sooro zero- ; zero- sooro ; =sg
banana stem
21.06, stop up (bottle) (to -) finikya e- e-finlkya ;
21.07, take out the stopper (to -) funwo e- e-funwo ;
21.08, plate, dish deewal N'- ; mi- n'-deewa ; mi-dee wa
21.08b, bowl (traditional -) deewal ki- ; shi- ki-deewa ; shi-deewa
21.09, cup kombe ki- ; shi- ki-kombe ; shi-kombe
21.10, glass lasi ki- ; shi- ki-lasi / ki-lasi ; shi-lasl
21.11, spoon liko ki- ; shi- ki-liko ; shi-liko
21.11b, spoon made of banana stem lalu ki- ; shi- ki-lalu ; shi-lalu
(Kiw'oso origin)
21.13, ladle (generic) liko u- ; ngyoo- u-liko ; ngyoo-liko / ngyiiu-liko
21.13b, ladle for mush iko mu- mi- ; mw-'iko ; ml-iko
21.13c, ladle for alcoholic drinks, or for batal u- ; ngyoo- li-bata ; ngyoo-bata
dipping water (big -)
21.13c, ladle for alcoholic drinks, or for batal ki- ; shi- ki-bata ; shi-bata
dipping water (small -)
21.14, ladle, dipper, dish deewal ki- ; shi- ki-deewa ; shi-deewa
21.15a, vat for brewing alcoholic drinks ondi ki- ; shi- ki-ondi ; sho-ondi
333
vat for brewing alcoholic drinks ondi mu- mi- ; mo-ondi ( < mu-ondi ) ; mi-ondi
(big -)
bucket ndoo2 zero- ; zero- -ndoo ; =sg
barrel (wooden -) biba i- ; ma- i-biba ; ma-biba
barrel (big wooden -) manyara i- ; ma- i-manyara ; ma-manyara
small tin kobo i- ; ma- i-kobo ; ma-kobo
lid, stopper finiko ki- ; shi- ki-finiko ; shi-finiko
cover with the lid (to -), shut (to -) singal e- e-singa ;
take off the lid (to -) rwo e- e-rwo ;
empty bottle chuba zero- ; zero- -chuba ]

ya duu ; chuba' ] ta duu
empty (to -) busuo e- e-busiio ;
empties, empty bottle/tin etc. duul zero- -duu ;
fill up (to -) ichur'al e- e-ichiir'a / e-echur'a ;
full (to become -) ichur'al e- e-ichuo (> e-echuo / i-ichiio) ;
wash a plate (to -) samba e- e-sambia ;
eat (to -) lyal e-lya ;
eaten (to be -) (pass) lyal e-lyo ;
something edible lyal ly-i-lyo ; ny--lyo
feed (to -) tuka e-tukusa ;
give food (to -), feed (to -) ininga e-ininga (> e-eninga / i-ininga)
feed (to -) ininga e-eninga kelya ;
firstfood of the day (for human tuka e-tuka ;
beings/animals to get the -)
lick with one's tongue/one's finger komba e-komba ;
(to-)
suck (to -) onga e e-onga ;
foretaste (to -), see how sth tastes n'la e e-n'la ;
(to -), look at (to -)
drink (to -), hit sb by a head (to -) nal e e-na ;
drink together (to -) nal e e-na kimwi ;
drunk (to be - by sb), hit with a nal e e-nyo ;
head (to be - by sb) (pass)
taste for poison in drinks (to -) bechwo e e-bechwo ;
taste for poison in drinks (to -) r'ida e e-r'ida (= ebechwo ) ;
taste for poison in drinks (to -) (lit. kaba e e-kaba kana ;
to beat the mouth)
drunk (to be -) nango e e-nango ;
drink by force (to make sb -) rita e e-rita ;
allow a person to drink (to -) leketa e e-leketa n'-ndu na-ne ;
allow cattle to drink (to -) leketa e e-leketa u-mbe i-ne ;
swallow (to -) mira e e-mira ;
gnaw sth hard (as a rat) (to -) ker'enya e e-ker'enya ;
gnaw sth soft like paper (to -) rema e e-rema ;
chew (to -) dafuna e e-dafuna ;

334
22.15, hungry (to become -) waw'ia e- e-waw'io ] chaa ;
22.16, hunger, famine chaa zero- ; zero- -chaa ;
22.18, thirsty (to be -) angaa e- e-angaa ;
22.18b, thirst angaa u- u-angarl ;
22.19, satiated (to become -) w'uuda e- e-w'uiida ;
22.20, drunk (to get -) nango e- e-nango ;
22.23, prohibit to eat (a certain thing) (to ema e- e-ema (< e-ima) ;
-), refuse (to -), deny (to -)
22.24, owl (prohibited to eat) fumbudu i- ; ma- i-fumbudu ; ma-fumbiidu
22.24b, dog (prohibited to eat) te ki- ; shi- ki-te ; shi-te
22.24c, rat (prohibited to eat) kookoi i- ; ma- i-kookoi / i-kookoi ; ma-kookoi /
ma-kookoi
22.24d, night jar (prohibited to eat) fajio i- ; ma- i-fajio ; ma-fajio
22.24e, testicles of bull (prohibited for mbolo zero- ; zero- -mbolo taumbe ;
woman to eat)
23. Condition of Food
23.01, tasty, sweet (to be -) loda e- e-loda ;
23.02, untasty (to be -), bad (to be - sukal e- e-suka ;
tasting) (lit. tasteless (to -be))
23.02b, untasty (to be -), bad (to be - da2 e- e-da ila loda ;
tasting) (lit. leave+without+taste)
23.03, bitter (to be -), painful (to be -) wawa e- e-wawa ;
23.04, bitterness wawa N'- (cl. 3) ;

- n'-wawo ;
23.05, acidic (to be -), sour (to be -), sour dooka e- e -dooka ;
(to go -)
23.06, acidity, sourness dooka N'- ;mi- n'-dooko ; mi-dooko
23.07, sweetness loda N'- ; mi- n'-lodo ; mi-lodo
23.08, salty (to be -) wawa e- e-wawa ] chiimbi ;
23.09, cool down (to -) fool e- e-foo ;
23.10, dry and hard (to become -), faint omal e- e-oma ;
(to-)
23.11, hard bread kate mu-umu N'- ; mi- n'-kate mu-umu ; mi-kate mi-umi
23.12, soft bread kate n'-laini N'- ; mi- ri'-kate ] ri'-lairii ; mi-kate ]
mi-lairil
23.12b, something which soft n'-laini N'- ; mi- n'-laini ; mi-lairil
23.13, soft (to become -) lainika e- e-lainika ;
23.14, scorched portions (of rice/posho) kur'o i- ; ma- i-kur'o ; ma-kur'o
23.15, scorched (to become -) ongwo e- e-ongwo / i-ongwo ;
23.16, rotten (to be -) bora2 e- e-boo ;
23.17, rotten meat ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra i-booye ; ng'an'ra

ti-booye
23.19, mold, mushroom choo i- ; ma- i-choo ; ma-choo
23.20, musty (to become -) mya e- e-mya machoo ;
23.21, poison applied to arrows roi u- u-rol ;

335
23.21b, poison applied to arrows reeyo ki- ; shi- ki-reeyo ; shi-reeyo
V. DWELLING
24. House
house (generic), house of a mother ba N'- ; N'- m'-ba ; =sg

and small children
house (father's -) (conical - ba N'- ; N'- m'-ba ya ] m'bii ; =sg

covered by banana leaves) (lit.
small house)
round house made by mud/bricks ba N'- ; N'- m'-ba ya n'songe ; =sg
house (house of adult male tengo N'- ; ma- -tengo ; ma-tengo

children)
build (to -), castrate (to -), make (to tana e-tana ;
-)
doorway, doorstep, door muungo2 zero- ; zero- -muungo ; =sg
1. on the back, 2. door step mungo zero- -mungo-n' ;
shut (to -), close (the door) (to -) w'iiria e- e-w'iiria ;
lock (to -), close (to -) shinga e- e-shinga ;
latch (to -) sinr'ya e- e-sinr'ya ;
locking pole (Kiw'oso origin) sinr'ya N'- ; mi i- n'-sinr'ya ; mi-sinr'ya
knock (to -) idekila e- e-idekila ;
knock many times (to -) kaba e- e-kaba-kaba ;
open (to -) ruo e- e-ruo ;
open (to be -), regain ruka e- e-ruka ;
consciousness, revive (to -)
sleeping place (definite place) ndo2 a- a-ndo kwelala ;
sleeping place (definite place) ndo2 a- a-ndo kolala ;
sleeping place (indefinite place) ndo2 ku- kU-ndo kwelala ;
kitchen, cooking place r'uko-n' zero- ; ma- -r'uko-n' ; ma-r'uko-n
fireplace (lit. place+of+fire), ndo2 a- a-ndo ko mudo ;
kitchen
room (of a modern square house) r'ie ki- ; sh i- ki-r'ie ; shi-r'ie
mother's section (place) of a ri-n' kiki-ri-n' ;
banana house
section/place of a house for girls kondo zero- ; zero- -kondo ;
(of mother's house) (banana house),

father's sleeping place of the small
house called " m'ba ya m'bii".
section/place of a house for boys sike-n' -sike-n'

(of mother's house) (banana house)
section/place of a house for cattle ko3 ko ombe (< ko umbe)

(of mother's house) (banana house)
section/place for goats and sheep ko3 zero- ; zero- ko nibiiru ;
(of mother's house) (lit. place/at +

goats) (banana house)
;
336
24.13g, section/place for keeping goods sau-n' kiki-saii-n' ;
such as pots, calabashes, etc. (of

mother's house) (banana house)
24.13h, top of a centre pillar (banana okooyo o-, u- ; ngyoo- o-kooyo / u-k66yo ; ngyoo-kooyo
house)
24.13i, side of the inside of a banana house dawal l- ; ma- i-dawa ; ma-dawa
24.13J, 1 banana leaves covering the

. wadal - ; ma- ma-wade-n' ;
house all over, 2. flatten banana

leaves of the banana stem (banana
house)
24.13k, dry leaves fringing the door of a wanda ; ma- i-wanda ; mi-wanda
banana house
24.131, eaves (made of leaves) mangya ki- ; shi- kl-mangya ; shi-mangya
24.13m cattle basin la, le-n' N'- n'-la / n'-le-n' ;
24.14, decorate (a room) (to -) pamba e- e -pamba ;
24.15, toilet (inside of a house or outside) oo2 chi - ; shi- ch-oo ; sh-oo
24.16, wall kuta u- ngyoo- u-kuta ; ngyoo-kuta
24.17, thick pillar in the wall mbochiki i-; ma- i-mbochiki ; ma-mbochiki
24.17b, thin pillar in the wall of a traditional efu i- ma- i-efu ; ma-efu (> me-efu)
conical house
24.17c, interlace (to -) suka2 e- e-suka ;
24.17d, interlace sticks (of the wall) (to -) suka2 e- e-suka ] shidi ;
24.17e, triangular (?) songe N'- ; mi- n'-songe ; mi-songe
24.17f, circle crosspieces to be interlaced ndingo u- , zero- u-ndingo ; -ndingo

with pillars in the wall of a
traditional conical house
24.17g, bine to tie pillars and crosspieces in kowo i- ; ma- i-kowo ; ma-kowo
the wall.
24.18,24.19 daub soil on the wall (to -), plaster kandika e- e-kandika ;
(to-)
24.20, brick (not produced in this area) tufari i- ; ma- i-tufari ; ma-tufari
24.23, break (to -) barika e- e-barika ;
24.23b, crack (on wall, egg shell, etc. to get asika e- e-asika ;
a -), nosebleed (to have a -)
24.24, floor, ground, down shimbai zero- shimbai ;
24.25, trample repeatedly (to -) wajya e- e-wajya-wajya ;
24.25b, spread water (on the floor) (to -) nyisa e- e-nyisa ;
24.27, roof mbeu zero- ;

- -mbeu ;
24.27b, ceiling (on the ceiling, grains are kai zero- ; zero- -kal ;
stored)
24.28, thatch with grass (to -) ala2 e- e-ala ;
24.28b, banana leaves to cover a roof dawal i- ; ma- i-dawa ; m^-dawa

24.31, window dirisha i- ; ma- i-dirisha ; ma-dirisha
24.34, (temporary) hut (to look out for tengo ki- ; shi- kl-tengo ; shi-tengo
wild animals on a farm)
24.35, watching platform no custom ;

; ;
337
/ord No English KivvosoStem Prefix Word (sg; pi)
14.36, trench surrounding a farm to fol N'- ; mi- ri'-fo ; mi-n'-fo

protect from animals (mainly bush
P'gs)
14.37, fence (to -) no custom ;
24.38, playing ground in a village, open bata2 zero-, ki- ; ma-, -bata / ki-bata ; ma-bata / shi-bat
space in a homestead shi-
24.38b, football ground, open space bata2 i- ma- i-bata ; ma-bata
24.40, dwell (to -), alive (to be -) ishi e- e-ishl ( > e-eshl / i-ishl )
24.41, move one's residence (to -), move sama e- e-sama ;
(to -) (It is very rare to move.)
24.41b, move to (to -) sama e- e-samia ;
24.42, pack (to -) sung'ania, e- e-sung'ania / e-sung'anya

sung'anya
25. Furniture
25.01, bed tara ki- ; shi- kl-tara ; shi-tara
25.02, pillow (traditionally no pillow) to N'- ; mi- n'-to ; mi-to
25.03, sleeping skin (generic). choni ki- ; shi- ki-chorfi ; shi-choril
25.03b, sleeping mat made of knitted grass, kucha N'- ; mi- n'-kucha ; mi-kucha
leaf (Kiw'oso origin)
25.04, blanket sulya i- ; ma- i-sulya ; ma-sulya
25.05, cover (to -) shikya e- e-shikya ;
25.05b, cover oneself (with something) (to shikya e-ku- e-ku-shikya ;
-) (lit. to-reflex-cover)
25.06, table, desk mesa zero- ; zero- -mesa ;
25.07, chair, stool di2 ki- ; shi- ki-di ; shi-di
25.08, ladder ngasi zero- ; zero- -ngasi ; =sg
25.10, mat (generic, mat made from dried kucha N'- ; mi- n'-kucha ; mi-kucha
banana stem) (<Kiw'oso origin)
25.11, plait (a mat) (to -) suka2 e- e-suka ;
25.12, spread (sth like mat/wings) (to -) ala2 e- e-ala ;
25.13, rollup (to -), wind (to -), make sth ososa e- e-ososa ;
rounded (to -) (generic)
26. Cleaning
26.01, clean (the room) (to -) samba e- e-sambia ;
26.02, sweep (to -) ayia e- e-ayia ;
26.03, broom, indoor broom, outdoor sasil u- ; n gyuu- u-sas"i ; ngyuu-sasl

broom
26.04, gather up (to -) (generic) sung'ania, e- e-sung'^nya / e-sung'c

sung'anya
26.05, rake up (to -), gather up with wada2 e- e-wad^-wada ;
fingers (to - repeatedly) (generic)
26.06, throw away rubbish (to -) era e- e-era efo ] mbosha ;
26.07, rubbish mbosha zero- ; zero- -mbosha ;
26.08, rubbish heap mbumbi zero- ; mi- -mbumbi o ] mbdsha ;

338
26.08b, heap mbumbi zero- ; mi- -mbumbi ; mi-mbumbi
26.09, dust (pi. many types of dust) lulyi ki- ; shi- ki-lulyi ; shi-lulyi
26.10, hit to dust (to -) angata e- e-angata ;
26.10b, hit to dust (to -) angata e- e-angata kilulyi ;
26.11,26.12 wipe (to -) tuura e- e-tuiira ;
26.13, dirty (to become -) chafuka e- e-chafuka ;
26.14, dirty room ba N'- ; N'- m'-ba ] lingi chafu ; m'-ba ] tiir
chafu
26.15, clean room ba N'- ; N'- m'-ba ] Tingiili ; m'-ba ] tiingiili
26.16, jammed (e.g., pipe etc.) (to become r'aba e- e-r'aba ;
-)
26.17, dislodge (something jammed) (to -), wuta e- e-wuta ;
remove (to -), uproot (to -), cut the

hair (to -)
VI. KINSHIP
27. Family
27.01, father (Kiw'oso origin) ndee zero- ; wa- -ndee ; wa-ndee
27.01b, Father!, Daddy!, Old man! miku N'- ; wa- m'-miku ; wa-miku
(addressing)
27.01c, Father!, Grandfather!, Old man! miku N'- ; wa- m'-miku mbe ; wa-miku mbe
(used by the first-born)
27.01d, Father!, Grandfather!, Old man! miku N'- ; wa- m'-miku sa ; wa-miku sa
(used by children excluding the
first-born)
27.01e, my father, my fathers ndee zero- wa- -ndee yaako ; wa-ndee wako
27.02, your (sg.) father, your (sg) fathers ndee zero- wa- -ndee yaafo ; wa-ndee wafo
27.03, his father, his fathers ndee zero- wa- -ndee yaakwe ; wa-ndee wakw
27.03b, his father, his fathers ndee zero- wa- -ndee-ye ; wa-ndee-ye
27.04, our father, our fathers ndee zero- wa- -ndee yeedu ; wa-ndee wedu
27.05, your (pi.) father, your (pi.) fathers ndee zero- wa- -ndee yaani ; wa-ndee weni
27.06, their father, their fathers ndee zero- wa- -ndee yaawo ; wa-ndee wawo
27.08, mother mai zero- wa- -mai ; wa-mal
27.08b, Mother!, Grandmother! (used by mai zero- wa- -mai ] mbe ;
the first-born)
27.08c, Mother!, Grandmother! (used by mai zero- wa- -mai ma ;
children excluidng the first-born)
27.08d, my mother, my mothers mai zero- wa- -mai ]

yaako ; wa-mai ]
wiko
27.09, your (sg.) mother, your (sg.) mai zero- wa- -mai yaafo ; wa-mai wafo
mothers
27.10, his mother, his mothers mai zero- wa- -mai ]

yaakwe ; wa-mai ]
wakv
27.11, our mother, our mothers mai zero- wa- -mai yeedu ;
27.12, your (pi.) mother, your (pi.) mai zero- wa- mai 1
yeeni ;
27.13, their mother, their mothers mai zero- wa- mai ]

yaawo ;
27.15, parent sasi2 N'-;v ta- n'-sasl ; wa-sasl

339
parenthood sasi2 u- u-sasl / u-sasi ;
grandfather sawoye N'- ; wa- -sawoye ; wa-sawoye
Grandfather! (addressing) see "miku mbe, miku sa" (father!,

27.01 )
grandmother kekuu-ye zero- ; wa- -kekuuye ; wa-kekuuye
grandmother kekw-e zero- ; wa- -kekwe ; wa-kekwe
Grandmother! (addressing) see "mai ma, mai mbe" (mother!,

27.08)
child na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na / mu-na ; wa-na
son soro N'-; wari'-soro ; wa-soro
son (lit. child of male) na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na o womi ; wa-na wa womi
daughter ful N'-; wa- m'-fu ; wa-efu (> we-efu)
daughter (lit. child of female) na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na o waka / mona a waka ;
wa-na wa waka
first-born na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na m'-mbee ; wa-na wa-mbee
last-born no word ;
elder brother/sister/person, senior waw'ee zero-

; wa- waw'ee ; wa-waw'ee
person
my elder brother/sister wawaaye zero- ; zero- -wawaaya-ako ; -wawaaye-wako
younger brother/sister/person, nyidu mu- ; wa- mu-nyidu ; wa-nyidu

junior person
my younger brother/sister na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na-waako ; wa-na-waako
his elder brother/sister wawaaye zero- ; wa- -waawaya-akwe ;
-wawaaye-wakwe
his younger brother/sister na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na-waakwe ; wa-na-waakwe

my elder sister faamaaya-ako N'- ; wa- n'-faamaaya-ako ;
wa-faamaaye-wako
his elder sister faamaaya-ak N'- ; wa- n'-faamaaya-akwe ;
we wa-faamaaye-wakwe
elder brother (used by younger sacha N'- ; wa- n'-sacha ; wa-sacha

sisters)
elder brother/person (used by wawaaye zero- ; wa- -wawaaye ; wa-wawaaye,

younger brothers/elder sisters), wi-wawee
senior person
elder sister (used by younger faamaaye N'- ; wa- n'-faamaaye ; wa-faamaaye

brothers) (lit. daughter of his
mother)
younger brother/sister (used by na3 mo-na waakwe ; wa-na waakwe

elder siblings/younger siblings),
junior person
grandchild chuku N'- ; wa- n'-chuku ; wa-chuku
uncle (father's elder brother) (lit. ndee zero- ; wa- -ndee-ye n'-niini ; wa-ndee-ye
big father) wa-niini
uncle (father's younger brother) (lit. ndee zero- ; wa- -ndee-ye n'tu ; wa-ndee-ye wa-tu
small father)
340
27.44, uncle (mother's brother) olooya zero- ; zero- -olooya ; =sg
27.44b, uncle (mother's elder/younger sacha N'- ; wa- n '-sacha a mai

brother)
27.44c, uncle (mother's elder/younger sawoye N'- ; wa- -sawoye ; wa-sawoye

brother)
27.45, aunt (father's sister) shangasi zero- ; zero- -shangasi ;

sg
27.45b, aunt (father's elder/younger sister) fwa2 N'- ; wa- m'-fwa maa-ye a ndee-ye (
m'-fwa < m'-fu a) wa-fwa ;
maaye a ndeeye
27.46, aunt (mother's elder sister) mai zero- ; wa- -mai | n -mini ; -mai ] wa-niini
27.46b, aunt (mother's younger sister) mai zero- ; wa- -mai n'-tu ; -mai wa-tu
27.47, stepfather ndee zero- ; wa- -ndee-ye o kabi ; wa-ndee wa

kabi
27.48, stepmother zero- ; wa- mai o kabi ; wa-mai wa kabi
27.49, stepchild not found ;
27.50, cousin (son of father's elder na3 mo-na wo ndeeyako n'-niini ;
brother) wa-na wa ndeeyako n'-niini
27.50b, cousin (son of father's younger na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na wo ndeeyako n'-tu ; wa-ri
brother) wa ndeeyako n'-tu
27.50c, cousin (son/daughter of father's olooya zero- ; zero- -olooya ; w-olooya

sister)
27.50d, cousin (daughter of father's elder na3 mo-na wo ndeeyako n'-tu ; wa-r
brother) wa ndeeyako n'-tu
27.50e, cousin (son/daughter of mother's olooya zero- ; zero- -olooya ; wa-olooya

brother)
27.53, family, house ba N'-; N'- m'-ba ; sg

27.53b, home, outside bo zero ; zero- bo ;
27.54, orphan ngoda zero ; zero- -ngoda ; =sg
28. Marriage
28.01, marry (for man to -) (lit. to wada2 e- e-wada mawoko ;
grab+hands),
28.01b, grab (to -), hold (to -), marry (for a wada2 e- e-wada ;
man to -)
28.01c, marry (for a man) (to -), send (to -) alika e- e-aliku ;
28.02, marry (for a woman) (to -) (lit. to wada2 e- e-wado mawoko ;
be caught)
28.02b, marry (for a woman) (to -) (lit. to dao e- e-dao ;
be sent)
28.04, wedding ar'usi zero

; zero- -ar'usi ; =sg
28.06, bride molyi zero

; zero- -molyi ; w^-molyi
28.07, bridegroom no word ;
28.08, fiance!, fiance!e chumba N'-; wa- n '-chumba ; wa-chumba
28.08b, engagement (to make an -) chumbya e- ^-chumbya ;
28.09, betrothal present kwe u- ; ngyuu- u-kwe ; ngyuu-kwe

; ;
341
go-between, messenger who brings iichi mu- ; wa- mw-iicrii ; w-eechi

bride price
husband mi N'- ; wa- m'-ml ; wa-rrii / w-orrii
my husband mi N'- ; wa- m'-mi ako ;
her husband mi N'- ; wa- m'-mi akwe ;
wife ka N'- ; wa- n'-ka ; wa-ka
my wife ka N'- ; wa- n'-ka-ako (< n'-ka o ko) ;
wa-ka-wako
his wife ka N'- ; wa- n'-ka-akwe ; wa-ka w-akwe
widow ka N 1
- ; wa- n'-ka nalaode m'-mi ; wa-ka
walaode wo-mi
widower N'- ; wa- m'-mi nalaode n'-ka ; wo-mi

walaode wa-ka
polygamy (no Kiw'oso original mitara mitara ; no pi.
word)
polygamize (to -) doo e- e-doo ] mitara ;
principal wife (lit. elder wife) ka N'-; wa- n'-ka-n'-niini ; wa-ka-wa-niini
co-wife ka N'-; wa- n'-ka-n'-tu (lit. small wife) ;
wa-ka-wa-ntu
brother-in-law, sister-in-law war'isinda zero- ; zero' -war'isinda ; =sg
father-in-law (lit. father of wife) ndee zero -ndee-anka ;
father-in-law (lit. father of ndee zero -ndee-am'mi / -ndam'mi ;
husband)
mother-in-law (lit. mother of mai zero- ; wa- -mai-am'mi / -mam'mi ;
husband) wa-mai-am'mi / wa-mam'mi
mother-in-law (lit. mother of wife) mai zero maa-ye-anka (< mai o nka)
son-in-law mi N'-; wa- m'-mi a mona (< m'-mi o mona) ;
daughter-in-law (lit. wife+of+child) ka N'- n'-ka a mona (= n'-ka o mona >

n'-ko o mona)
neighbour (lit. of+boundary) dasa N'-; mi- wa-n'-dasa ; =sg

divorce (for man/woman to -) lakana e- e-lakana ;
divorce (for woman) (to -), come wuka e- e-wuka ;
out (to -)
29. Birth and Rearing
pregnant (for human beings) (to funga e-ku-funga

become -)
pregnant (for animals) (to become ora 6-ora ;
-), show (to -)
bear (a child) (for human beings) wona e-wona ;
(to -), give birth to (to -)
bear (for animals) (to -), give birth shaa e-shaa ;
to (to -)
born (for human being) (to be -) wona e- e-wonlka ;
born (for animal) (to be -) shao e- e-shao ;

;;
342
29.06, woman who lately bore a child, boral N'- ; wa- m'-bora ; wa-bora
new mother
29.07, baby koku N'- ; wa- n'-koku ; wa-koku
29.07b, baby (small - in size) koku ki- ; shi- ki-n'-koku ; shi-n'-koku
29.08, umbilical cord, sewing thread ruul u- ; ngyoo- u-ruu / nyu-ruu / nyo-ruu
ngyoo-ruu
29.09, twin pacha i- ; ma- i-pacha ; ma-pacha
29.10, midwife (lit. old woman) keku NT- ; wa- n'-keku ; wa-keku
29.11, name rinal zero- ; ma- -rina ; ma-rina
29.12, name (to -) ininga e- e-enlnga r'ina ;
29.13, bring up (children) (to -) ng'ana e- e-ng'anisa ;
29.14, grow (for person/animal/plant, etc. ng'ana e- e-ng'ana ;
to -) (generic)
29.14b, grow (to -) mya e- e-mya ;
29.15, look after a child (to -), look at (to n'la e- e-n'la ;
-)
29.16, give the breast to a child (to -), ininga e-eninga iw'ee ;
breast (to -), feed a child (to -)
29.17, suck the nipple (to -) onga iw'ee e- e-onga iw'ee ;
29.18, vomit milk (to -) daaka malela e- e-daaka malela ;
29.18b, put milk back in the mouth after iwur'u e- e-iwur'u ;
swallowing (to -)
29.19, pacify (a baby) (to -) lemba e- e-lemba-lemba ;
29.21, carry a baby (to -), pain (to feel -) wawa e- e-wawa ;
29.21b, carry a baby (on the back) (to -) wawa e- e-wawa mungo-n' ;
29.21c, carry a baby (on the hip) (to -) wawa e- e-wawa uwari-n' ;
29.22, baby sling korori N'- ; mi- n'-korori ; mi-korori
29.23, hold (a child) in one's arms (to -) wada2 e- e-wada mawoko-n' ;
29.24, wipe anus (to -) tuura e- e-tutira kisaa ;
29.25, wipe excreta (to -) tuura e- e-tuura ] madufi ;
29.26, barren woman umbal ki- ,

shi- kl-umba ; shl-umba
29.26b, sterile man keti i- ma- i-kefi ; ma-kefi
29.26c, barren animal luw'i u- ngyuu- u-luw'i ; ngyuu-luw'i
VII. HUMAN BEING

30. Human Being
30.01, person ndu N'- ; wari'-ndu ; w^-ndu
30.01b, outcast due to physical handicaps sukul ki- ;

shi- ki-suku ; shi-suku
30.02, man, male (of a human being) dumi N'- ; wa- n'-duml ; w-oml
30.03, woman, female (of a human being) dunka N'- ; wa- n'-dunka ; wd-ka
30.03b, married woman ka N> wa- ; n'-ka aandwe ; wa-ka waawad
30.04, boy na3 mo- ; wa- mu-na o womi ; wa-na wa won
30.05, girl na3 mo- ; wa- mu-na o waka ; wa-na wa wak
30.06, full grown, unmarried man soro N'- ; wari'-soro ; w^-soro
30.07, full grown, unmarried woman na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na nalende dao ;
wa-na
walende ndao
343
mature (for boys or girls) (to torika e- e -torika ;
become -)
circumcise (to -) dinal e- e-dina ;
circumcised (to be -) dinal e- e-dino ;
circumcision not found ;
circumcision ceremony not found ;
adult (man/woman) dwang'ane N'- ; wari'-dwa-ng'ane ; wa-ndwa-ng'ane
aged (to become -), old (to be -) kwo e- e-kwo ;
old man miku N'- ; wa- m'-miku ; wa-miku
1. old woman, 2. midwife keku N'- ; wa- n'-keku ; wa-keku
old age ku u- u-ku ;
bent with age (to become -) lemal e- e-lemlka ;
die (to -) fo2 e- e-fo ;
death fo2 u- u-fu ;
dead person, corpse fo2 N'- ; wa- n'-fu ; wa-fu
corpse (lit. man who is dead) ndu N'- ; wari'-ndu n'-fu ; wa-ndu wa-fu
alive (to be -) ishi e- e-ishl ;
survive (to -) kyal e- e-kya ;
revive (to -) ruta e- e-ruta ;
living person ndu N'- ; wari'-ndu achiishii ; w3-ndu

wachiishii
life isha - ; ma- ma-isha ;
bury (generic) (to -), bury (a dead rika2 e- e-rika ;
person) (to -), hide (a secret) (to -)
31.13, funeral riko - ; ma- ma-riko ;
31.14, grave kaburi zero- ; zero- -kaburi ; =sg

31.15, mourning dembo zero- ; ma- -dembo ; ma-dembo
31.15b, silk tree (bot. albizzia) dukal N'- ; mi-, shi- n'-duka ; mi-duka, shi-duka
31.16, inherit (to -) r'isi e- e-r'isl ;
31.17, inherited things r'isi u- ; ngyuu- u-r'isl ; ngyuu-r'isl
31.18, belongings, wealth, property ndol ki- ; shi- ki-ndo ; shi-ndo
VIII. ANIMALS
32. Domestic Animals
cat baka zero- -baka ; =sg

scratch (to drop mud, etc.) (to -) takura e- e-takura ;
meow (to -), cry (to -), howl (to -), anal e- e-ana ;
low (for cattle to -),baa (for

goat/sheep to -), thank (to -)
dog te ki- ; shi- ki-te ; shi-te
bark (for dog to -) or'oda e- e-or'6da ;
howl (for dog to -) deiya e- e-deiya ;
roar (for lions, etc.) (to -), snarl (to r'ung'una e- e-r'ung'una
-)
howl (for dog/hyena to -) anal e- e-ana ;

344
32.05e, laugh (for hyena to -) seka e- e-seka ;
32.06, growl (to -), snarl (to -) r'ung'una e- e-r'ung'una ;
32.08, bite (to -) amada e- e-amada ;
32.09b, copulate (for animal to -) or'ia e- e-or'ia ;
32.10, cattle umbe zero- ; zero- -umbe ; =sg
32.10b, cattle (colloquial) mbumbe zero- ; zero- -mbumbe ; =sg
32.10c, adult female cattle ngoro zero- ; zero- -ngoro ; =sg

32.11, bull, uncastrated male cattle chau zero- ; zero- -ch3u ; =sg
32.11b, bullock, castrated male cattle, ox nguleta zero- ; zero- -nguleta ; =sg
32.12, female cattle that bore a calf muuma zero- ; zero- -muuma ; =sg
32.12c, sterile cow luw'i u- ; ngyuu- u-luw'i ; ngyuu-luw'i
32.30e, young cattle (male/female -) ngache ki- ; shi- ki-ngache / -ngache ; shi-ngache
-ngache
32.12b, female young cattle that has not tao zero- ; zero- tao ; =sg
borne a calf
32.10d, young cattle (male/female -) ngache zero- ; zero- -ngache ; =sg
32.13, fat (to get -), fat/greasy (to become wanda e- e-wanda ;
-) (for domestic animals)
32.14, castrate (to -), build (to -) tana e- e-tana ;
32.15, horn (Kiw'oso origin) mbembe u- ; ngyuu- u-mbembe ; ngyuu-mbembe /
-mbembe
32.16, hump siisi zero- ; zero- -silsi ; =sg
32. 1 7, udder (of animal) w'eel i- ; ma- i-w'ee ; ma-w'ee
32.17b, teat (of person/animal/cow) nyodo zero- ; zero- -nyodo ; =sg

32.18, milk Ida - ; ma- no sg ; ma-lela
32.18b, sour milk lcla - ; ma- ma-lela adookie ;
32.18c, butter (lit. oil of udder) fuda - ; ma- ma-fuda a iw'ee ;
32.18d, make butter (to -) (lit. to shake milk) sika e- e-sika malela ;
32.19, milk (to-) kama e- e-kama ;
32.20, hoof mbachu u- ; zero- u-mbachu ; -mbachu
32.21, sticky saliva dooda - ; ma- ma -dooda ;
32.21b, sticky (to be -) dendea e- e-dendea ;
32.22, cattle pen sirie ls!'- ; mi- n '-sirie o umbe ; mi-sirie o umb
32.22b, pen, cage (for animal/bird) sirie N'- ; mi- n '-sirie ; mi-sirie
32.23, open a cattle pen (to -) ruuya e- e-ruuya umbe ;
32.23b, open sth (to -) ruuya e- e-ruuya ;
32.24, close a cattle pen (to -) shinga e- e-shingia ] umbe ;
32.25, pig, domestic pig (intoroduced nguw'e zero- ; zero- -nguw'e ; =sg
recently. It is very popular at
present.)
32.27, goat mburu zero- ; zero- -mburii ; =sg

32.27b, kid ndeena ki- ; shi- ki-ndeena ; shi-ndeena
32.28, male goat ndafu zero- ; zero- -ndaTu ; =sg

32.28b, castrated male goat ndafu zero- ; zero- -ndaTu iingitane ; -ndafu tiingitai
345
English CiwosoStem Prefix Word (sg; pi)
uncastrated adult male goat oro zero-, zero- -oro ; =sg
young domestic animal ndeena zero- ; zero- -ndeena ;

= sg
(goat/sheep/cattle/ etc.), livestock
(generic)
female goat that has borne a kid ngolo zero- ; zero- -ngolo ; =sg
female young goat suwana zero- ; zero- -suwana ; =sg
sheep (generic) no word ;
sheep (adult male -) suwa2 zero- ; zero- -suwa ; =sg
female sheep that has borne a lamb choonri i- ; ma- i-cho6n'ri ; ma-cho6n'ri
castrated male sheep suwa2 zero- ; zero- -suwa ilng'itane ; -suwa tiing'itane
young female sheep ruw'i u- ; ngyuu- u-ruw'i ; ngyuu-ruw'i
young livestock (lamb, kid, calf) ndeena ki- ; shi- ki-ndeena ; shi-ndeena
horse (originally no horse in this no word ;
area)
mane (of the horse) kukutya i- ; ma- 1-kukutya ; m^-kukutya
donkey (no donkey in the area) ongo ki- ; shi- ki-ongo ; shi-ongo
feed (to -),keep (domestic animals) w'ika e- e-w'ikia ;
(to -), take care of domestic

animals (to -)
container for feeding livestock ori mo-, mu- ; mi- mo-ori / mw-6ri ; mi-ori
firstfood of the day (to have the - tuka e- e-tukusa ;
for human beings/domestic animal),

feed (domestic animals) (to -)
.36, bring domestic animals to meadow isa e- e-isa / e-isa ;
for grazing (to -)
.37, fasten (to -) funga e- e-funga ;
.38, remove (to -), shift sth to different teshuo e- e-teshuo ;
place (to -)
.39, cow bell, bell (generic) manga N'- ; N" m '-manga ; =sg
.40, domesticate (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ikia ;
.40b, domestic animal, livestock ndeena zero- ; zero- -ndeena ; =sg
33. Wild Animals
01, wild animal (lit. of-bush) ngara ki- ; shikya-ngara ; sha-ngara
.01b, carnivore, carnivorous wild animal fisi i- ; ma- i-fisl ; ma-fisl
.03, baboon (no baboon at present) fue i- ; ma- i-fue ; ma-fue
04, monkey (generic) no word ;
.04b, blue monkey ngima zero- ; zero- -ngima ; =sg

.04c, colobus monkey, Kilimanjaro ndooro zero- ; zero- -ndooro ; =sg
Colobus
.04d, velvet monkey nangoyo ki- ; shi- ki-nangoyo ; shl-nangc
.04e, bushbaby ngangaya zero- ; zero- -ngangaya ; =sg

.05, shout (for animals, human beings to kooma e- e-kooma ;
-)
.07, lion (no exist in this area) simba zero- ; zero- -simba ; =sg
.08, mane of (the horse/lion) kukutya - ; ma- m^-kukutya ;
346
33.09, claw ala3 u- ; ngy- u-(w)ala ; ngy-ala
33.10, leopard luwaru u- ; ngyuu- u-luwaru ; ngyiiu-luwaru
33.11, spot (of the leopard/cheetah) waro2 i- ; ma- i-waro ; ma-waro
33.12, cheetah (not exist in this area) no word ;
33.13, hyena ng'uruu zero- ; zero- -ng'uruu ;

= sg
33.14, civet barol zero- ; ma- -baro ; ma-baro
33.21, elephant chofu zero- ; zero- -chofu ; =sg
33.22, tusk (lit. horn +of+elephant) mbembe lo u- ; ngyoo- u-mbembe lo chofu ; ngyoo-mbe
chofu ta chofu
33.24, bush pig (lit. pig +of+bush) nguw'e zero- ; zero- -nguw'e ya ngare-n' ; -nguw'e I
ngare-n
33.29, buffalo mboo zero- ; zero- -mboo ; =sg
33.31, bushbuck pongo zero-, zero- -pongo ; =sg
33.34, impala sala zero- ; zero- -sala ; =sg
33.42, squirrel chakoro ki- ; shi- ki-chakoro ; shi-chakoro
33.43, rat (generic) kookoi i- ; ma- i-kookoi ; ma-kook6i
33.43b, shrew (mouse) nanchunga ki- ; shi- ki-na-n'-chunga ; shi-na-n'-chiin
33.46, porcupine sasa zero- ; zero- -s3sa ; =sg
33.50, bat, butterfly tangalyima i- ; ma- i-tangalyima ; ma-tangalyima
33.51, mole fukol zero- ; zero- -fiiko ; =sg

33.51b, Giant African rat boboru ki- ; shi- ki-boboru ; shi-boboru
33.53, skin, fur (treated -) choni ki- ; shi- ki-chorii ; shi-chorii
33.54, hair of animal mbiil u- ; zero- u-mbii ; -mbli
33.55, tail moosi zero- ; zero- -moosi ; =sg
33.58, herd (of animals) kundi i- ; ma- i-kundi ; ma-kundi
34. Hunting
34.01, hunt with a spear (tc wool e-woo na ifumu ;
with a spear)
34.01b, hunt with bow and arrows (to -) (lit. lasa e-lasa na m'-fi o ur'oi ;
to shoot with a poisonous arrow)
34.01c, hunt with a gun (to -) (lit to shoot a lasa e- e-lasa na bunduki
gun)
34.0 Id, shoot (a bow/gun) (to -) lasa e- e-lasa ;
34.02, hunter no word ;
34.03, trail of wild animals, path chial zero-n- ; zero-n- -chia ; =sg
34.04, follow (animals) (to -), trace fatya e- e-fatya ;
(footprints of animals) (to -)
34.05, sneak (to -), follow secretly/quietly ew'elya e- e-ew'elya ;
(to -), stalk (to -)
34.06, lie in wait (to -), ambush (to -) fisya e- e-fisya ;
34.07, startle (animals) (to -), drive out bufuta e- e-bufuta ;
(animals) (to -)
34.08, chase to catch (to -) dicha e- e-dichira ;
34.09, surround (animals) (to -) rungujya e- e-rungiijia ;

347
bow shu u- ; ngyuu- u-shu ; nyyuu-sha
bowstring ruul u- ; ngyuu- u-ruu lo ushu (> u-ruu lo oshu) ;
ngyuu-ruu ta ushu (> ngyuuruu to

oshu)
arrow, matchwood fi N'- ; mi- ri'-fi ; mi-fi
arrowshaft dil ki- ; shi- ki-di kya ] rri'fi ; shi-di sha ] mifi
arrowhead dwe N'- ; mi- n'-dwe o ] m'fi ; mi-dwe ya ] mifi
feathers of an arrow mber'i u- ; N'- u-mberl ; m'-mberT
shoot (to -) lasa e- e-lasa ;
hit (the target) (to -), beat (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ;
hit (to be -), beaten (to be -) kaba e- e-kabo ;
gun bunduki zero- ; zero- -bunduki ; =sg
bullet (<Sw?) r'isao i- ; ma- i-r'isao ; md-r'isao
gunpowder bar'uti zero- ; zero- bar'ufi ;
spear, lance, dart (generic) fumu i- ; ma- i-fumu ; ma-fumu
throw (a lance) (to -) era e- e-era ;
stab (with knife), hit (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ] kyaandu ;
pierce (to -) docha e- e-docha ;
stab many times (to -) docha e- e-doch^-docha ;
shield no word ;
trap teko N'- ; mi- n'-teko ; mi-teko
flexible tree used for a bird trap shoodi N'- ; mi- n'-sh66di ; mi-shoodi
trap for moles dei ki- ; shi- ki-del ; shi-del
set a trap, shout a war-cry (to -) deiya e- e-deiya ;
net waafu zero- ; zero- -waafu ; =sg

pitfall (on trail of wild animals) doo u- ; ngyuu- u-doo ; ngyuu-doo
kill (to -) wool e- e-woo ;
killed (to be -) woo 1 e- e-woowo ;
cut the throat (to -) dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo singo ;
cut open the belly (to -) (lit. to bara e- e-bara ndeu ;
break+stomach)
take out intestine (to -) wuta e- e-wuta maiild ;
skin (with a knife or by pulling) (to wuta e- e-wuta ikata ;
-)
fur mbiil u- ; zero- u-mbii ; -mbli
stretch skin, prepare to dry (to -) wamba e- e-wamba ;
peg out the skin (to -) wamba e- e-wamba kichoni ;
skin (not treated -) kata i- ; ma- i-kata ; ma-kata
meat ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra ; =sg

fat, greasy meat ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra ya mafuda ; ng'an'ra ta
mafuda
flesh, meat without bones nganra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra ya m'-mbii ; ng'an'ra ta
m-mbii
35. Reptiles
348
35.01, snake choka zero- ; zero- -ch6ka ; =sg
35.02, cast one's skin (to -) owoka e- e-owoka ;
35.03, coil itself up (to -), coil (to be in a ) ososa e- e-os6sa ;
35.03b, coil itself up (to -), coil (to be in a ) ososa e- e-ososia ;
35.04, coil (round sth) (to -) koosia e- e-koosia ;
35.05, crawl (for a snake/vineâby) (to -

) r'ufuka e- e-r'ufuka ;
35.06, mamba (green -) sale u- ; ngyuu- u-sale ; ngyuu-sale
35.08, python sadu2 zero- ; zero- -sadu ;

= sg
35.10, black burrowing snake mbolea N'- ; N' m'-mbolea ; =sg
35.11, lizard ndooshi zero- ; zero- -ndooshi ; =sg
35.12, chameleon afuye ki- ; shi- ky-afuye ; sha-afuye
35.14, house lizard (lit. one who breaks bara ki- ; shi- kl-bara moondi ; shi-bara moond
beer-container)
35.14b, something that breaks bara ki- ; shi- kl-bara ; shi-bara
35.14c, striped lizard ndooshi zero- ; zero- -ndooshi ; =sg
35.14d, striped lizard (slender -) ndooshi zero- ; zero- -ndooshi ya wanga ; ndooshi ta
wanga
35.16, tortoise nguru zero- ; zero- -nguru ; =sg
36. Small Creatures
36.02 snail, slug kor'u i- ; ma- i-kor'u ; ma-kor'u
36.03, shellfish not exist not exist ;
36.04, cowry ngoho zero- ; zero- -ngocho ; =sg
36.05, crab ngala zero- ; zero- -ngala ; =sg

36.07, frog (aquatic) (generic) kele u- ; ngyuu- u-kele ; ngyuu-kele
36.07b, toad (terrestrial) lo ki- ; shi- ki-lo ; shi-lo
36.07c, tadpole (generic) kunga i- ; ma- i-kunga ; ma-kunga
37. Fish
37.01, fish (not found in any river, no samaki zero- ; zero- -samaki ; =sg
custom to catch fishes)
37.05, fish (to -) wada2 e- e-wada samaki ;
37.07, fish-hook ndoana zero- ; zero- -ndoana ; =pl
37.08, fish-net waafu zero- ; zero- -waTu lo samaki ;
37.11, scales (of fish/snake), dandruff, mbalal zero- ; zero- -mbala ; =sg
hard skin of foot
37.12, scrape sth off (to -) haa e- e-haa ;
37.12. scrape off scales (to -) haa e- e-haa mbala ;
37.13, bone (of human being/animal/fish) fwo, fuo i- ; ma- i-fwo, i-fuo ; ma-fwo, ma-fuo
38. Birds
38.01, bird (generic) ndeeye zero- ; zero- -ndeeye ; =sg

38.02, pigeon mbata zero- ; zero- -mbata ; =sg
38.05. 38.06, hawk, eagle, vulture w'ishi u- ; ngyuu- u-w'ishi ; ngyuu-w'ishi
38.07
38.10, crow kuru-kuru i- ; ma- i-kuru-kuru ; ma-kurukuru

349
owl (one of the prohibited food to fumbudu i- ; ma- i-fumbiidu ; ma-fumbiidu

eat)
white-eye (a kind of birds) mbiro zero- ; zero- -mbiro ; =sg
bulbul? (a kind of birds) kolow'iri i- ; ma- i-kolow'iri ; ma-kolow'iri
francolin nguwale zero- ; zero- -nguwale ; =sg
kingfisher kumbulu N'- ri'-kumbulu ; =sg
bird (which is black and white with isawumbe ki- ; shi- ki-isawumbe ; shi-isawumbe
a long tail)
bird which sings before rain nkandooko zero- zero- -nkandooko ; =sg
birdlime (not used in this area) aambo i- y-aambo ;
trap (to -) deiya e- e -deiya ;
trap by birdlime (to -) (no custom) deiya e- e-deiya na yaambo ;
firm/hard <ofbirdlime> (to become shimba e- e-shimba ;
-)
twist the neck (of a bird) (to -) doota n'-rya e e-do6ta ] ri'-rya ;
pluck out feathers (to -) tumuo, tumwo e e-tumuo / e-tumwo ;
singe (to -) wawata e- e-wawata ;
fowl (cock or hen) (intoroduced nguku zero- -nguku ;

= sg
recently)
cock (<Sw?) (intoroduced jokoo i-jokoo ; ma-jokoo

recently.)
crest mundu ki- ; shi- ki-mundu ; shi-mundu
crow (to -), speak (to -) deda2 e- e-deda ;
hen which has laid eggs nka - ; ma- i-nka ; ma-nka

young hen which has not laid eggs tooro - ; ma- i-tooro ; ma-tooro
egg yai - ; ma- i-yal ; ma-yal
shell of an egg bacho N'- m'-bacho ; =sg

lay eggs (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ikya mayal ;
lay (to -), keep for (to -), w'ika e- e-w'ikia ;
domesticate (to -)
hatch (to -), break bara e- e-bara ;
(egg/glass/window) (to -), chop

(wood) (to -), split (to -),
hatched (to become -) bara e- e-baro ;
chicken, young bird (generic) rana ki- ; shi- ki-rana ; shi-rana
duck (recently introduced) bata3 i-; ma- i-bata ; ma-bata
wing kongol i-; ma- i-kongo ; ma-kongo

feather foya i-; ma- i-foya ; md-foya
beak chimbo N'- ; mi- fi'-chimbo ; mi-chimbo
talon wala u- , ngyuu- u-wala ; ngyuu-wala
fly (to -), fly up (to -), glide (to -), r'umbuka e- e-r'umbuka ;
flap the wings (to -)
fly up (to -), glide (in air) (to -) r'umbuka e- 6-r'umbuka ;
spread wings (to -) kaba e- e-kaba makongo ;
spread wings (to -) ala2 e- e-ala makongo ;

350
38.38c, stretch wings (to -) orwo e- e-orwo makongo ;
38.39, close wings (to -) sanda e- e-sandia makongo ;
38.39b, put together swh (to -), mix sth into sanda e- e-sandia ;
(to-)
38.40, flap one's wings (when flying) (to -) kuta-kuta e- e-kuta-kuta ;
38.42, sing (for a bird/cock to -), speak (to deda2 e- e-deda ;
-)
38.43, 38.44 peck (to -), pick up food bit by bit dola e- e-dola ;
(for a bird to -)
38.45, nest sasi3 i- ; ma- l-sasi ; mai-sasi
39. Insects and Worms

39.01, insect kurul i- ; ma- i-kuru ; ma-kuru
39.02, bee (Kiw'oso origin) chuki zero- ; zero- -chuki ; =sg
39.03, beehive (natural/artificial ) moodu zero- ; zero- -moodu / -moodu ; =sg
39.03b, honeycomb (each hexagon cell of a i koro2 i- ; ma- i-k6ro ; ma-koro

honeycomb)
39.04, honey (Kiw'oso origin) uki zero- ;

- -uki ;
39.04b, sweet honey koro2 i- ; ma- i-koro ; ma-koro
39.05, take honey out of beehive (to -) wuta e- e-wuta moodu ;
39.05b, drink honey (to -) nal e- e-na uki ;
39.06, wax muya2 zero- ; zero- -muya ; =sg
39.07, sting (to -), bite (to -) amada e- e-amada ;
39.08, bee-sting musha zero- ; zero- m'-musha o chuki ; m'-musha t;
chuki
39.08, thorn musha zero- ; zero- -musha ; =sg
39.09, beetle r'ombocho i- ; ma- i-r'ombocho ; md-r'ombocho
39.10, dragonfly mambikya zero- ; zero- -mambikya ; =sg
39.11, butterfly, bat tangalyima i- ; ma- i-tangalyima ; ma-tangalyima
39.12, firefly nyaangwe N'- ; mi- n '-nyaangwe ; mi-nyaangwe
39.13, locust rel zero- ; zero- ri'-re ; =sg

39.14, cricket chichiir'i zero- ; zero- -chichiir'i ; =sg
39.15, grasshopper ngalya zero- ; zero- -ngalya ; =sg
39.16. jump about (to -) tola e- e-tola ;
39.16b, jump about (to -) tola e- e-tola-tola ;
39.17, cockroach niche zero- ; zero- niche ; =sg
39.18, mosquito mbu K- ; N' m'-mbu ; =sg

39.18b, mosquito (very small -) sindanul zero- ; zero- -sindanu ; =sg
39.20, flea sawa zero- ; zero- -sawa ; =sg

39.21, jigger (Kiw'oso origin) fusa zero- ; zero- -fiisa ; =sg
39.22, louse (generic) ndal zero- ; zero- -nda ; =sg
39.26, fly, knee n'r'i zero- ; zero- -nr'i ; =sg

39.27, gather on sth (to -) wumbya e-ku- e-ku-wiimbya ;
39.28, tsetsefly kurubo i- ; ma- i-kunibo ; ma-kurubo
39.29, spider sangu i- ; ma- 1-sangu ; ma-sangu
39.30, cobweb ba N'-;N'- ni'-ba ya isangu ;

351
red ant mbefu zero- ; zero- -mbefu ; =sg
ant (very small black ant) nyinyir'il zero- ; zero- -nyinyirl ; =sg
termite sora N'- ; mi- n'-sora ; mi-sora
anthill not exist not exist ;
mantis (lit. one who tear an ear) r'ambuo i- ; ma- 1-r'ambuo kadu ; ma-r'ambuo kadu
worm (generic) no generic word ;
earthworm chimbilili zero- ; zero- -chimbilili ; =sg
millipede chongololo i- ; ma- 1-chongololo ; ma-chongololo
scorpion not exist not exist ;
caterpillar, hairy caterpillar, maggot kurul ; ma- i-kuru ; ma-kuru
hairy caterpillar kurul i- ; ma- i-kuru ; ma-kuru
maggot kurul i- ; ma- i-kuru ; ma-kuru
round worm odooye ki- ; shi- kyo-odooye ; sho-odooye
tapeworm rundu i- ; ma- i

:
rundu ; ma-rundu
tree, medicine Jil N'- ; mi- n'-ji ; mi-ji
cut down (a tree) (to -) manya2 e- e-manya n'-ji ;
fall (to -) woo2 e- e-woo ;
oil-palm not exist ;
baobab not exist ;
bamboo (not found in this area) wale i- ; ma- i-wale ; ma-wale
tree with short thorns didi i- ; ma- i-didi ; ma-didi
fig-tree (no custom to eat) kuul N'- ; mi- n'-kuu ; mi-kuu
castor-oil plant, castor-oil mbarika zero- ; zero- -mbarika ; =sg

castor-oil bean ndara zero- ; zero- -nddra ya mbarika ;
-ndara ta
mbarika
rice grain, cooked rice, rice plant chele N'- ; mi- n'-chele ; =sg
chaff, husk (generic) pumba zero-, zero- -pumba ;
chaff, husk pumba zero-, zero- -pumba ta n' chele ;
finger-millet (Kiw'oso origin) umbi zero- ; zero- -umbi ; =sg

sorghum not exist ;
maize, maize plant, maize grain, emba2 i- ; ma- e-emba (< i-emba) : me-emba
corn
dried leaves of plants (banana sao i- ; ma- l-sao ; m<i-sao

leaves, maize leaves, sheath of
corn, etc.)
flour (any type; maize, wheat, etc.) so2 N'- ; mi- n -so ; mi-so
sugar-cane muuwa zero- ; zero- -muuwa ; =sg

greens nyani u- ; N'- u-nyanl ; n'-nyarfi
pumpkin sidi i- ; ma- i-sidl ; ma-sidi
ground-nut (planted little) karanga zero- ; zero- karanga ; =sg

kind of bean araki i- ; ma- i-ar^ki ; ma-ardki
352
40.34b, bean (a kind of -) soko zero- ; zero- -soko ; =sg
40.35, plant of cocoyam jindi N'- ; mi- n' -jindi ; mi-jindi
40.35b, yam (yellowish -) al ki- ; shi- ki-a kya iko ; shi-a sha iko
40.35c, yam (pinkish -) al ki- ; shi- ki-a kya ifur'i ; shi-a sha ifur'
40.35d, European cocoyam jindi N'- ; mi- n '-jindi o kisungu ; mi-jindi ya

kisungu
40.35e, yam (a kind of -) furi2 i- ; ma- i-furi ; ma-furi
40.35f, edible tuber of cocoyam so3 zero- ; zero- -so ; =sg
40.35g, edible tuber of yam al ki- ; shi- ki-a (> kya) ; shi-a
40.35h, seed part of yam (not edible) kol i- ; ma- i-ko ; ma-ko
40.36, sweet potato sow'ya ki- ; shi- ki-sow'ya ; shi-sow'ya
40.37, Irish potato murungu zero-, zero- -murungu ; =sg
40.38, cassava, manioc muoko zero- ; zero- -muoko ; =sg
40.39, onion (introduced) tunguu ki- ; shi- ki-tunguu ; shi-tunguu
40.40, tomato (introduced) nyaanya zero- ; zero- -nyaanya ; =sg
40.40b, tomato shaped fruit of a specific tungucha i- ; ma- i-tungucha ; m-tungucha

wild tree
40.41, tobacco leaf duu2 l- ; ma- i-duu lya ] mbatu ; m-duu a

mbatu
40.42, tobacco, cigarette, snuff, chewing mbatu zero- ; zero- -mbatu :

sg
tobacco, cigar (generic)
(introduced)
40.43, take tobacco (to -) (lit. to mbatu e- e-na mbatu ;
drink+tobacco)
40.43b, sniff (to -) fa am a e- e-faamia ] mbatu ;
40.43c, smoke (to -) futal e- e-futa ) mbatu ;
40.43d, smoke (to -) futal e- e-futa ;
40.45, parasitic plant (generic) lalaangwe ki- ; shi- ki-lalaangwe ; shi-lalaangwe
40.47, grass, weed (generic) re2 i- ; ma- i-re ; ma-are
40.50, cut (to -), grass (to -), mow grass wuta e- e-wuta maare ;
(to-)
40.50b, cut (to -), mow (to -) wuta e- e-wuta ;
40.52, cotton (not exist) paamba zero-, zero- paamba ;
40.53, mushroom, mold (no custom to eat) choo i- ; ma- i-choo ; ma-choo
40.54, moss ngow'era zero- ; zero- -ngow'era ; =sg

40.55, sesame (recently introduced and futa2 u- u-futa ; =sg
very popular now) (< borrowed?)
40.56, sisal (not exist in the area) katani zero- ; zero- -katarii ;
41. Parts of j Plant
41.01, tree-trunk si ki- ; shi- ki-si kya n'ji ; shi-si sha miji
41.02, log, stump of a tree, fallen tree kongo2 i- ; ma- i-kongo ; ma-kongo
41.02b, board, timber bao u- ; N'- u-bao ; m'-bao
41.03, stick dil ki- ; shi- ki-di ; shi-di
41.05, bark of a tree kandal i- ; ma- i-kanda ; ma-kanda
41.06, take off the bark (to -) ouo e- e-ouo ikanda (> yo-ouo ikanda
353
'ord No English KiwosoStem Prefix Word (sg; pi)
1.06b, peel off (to-) ouo e-ouo ( > yo-ouo ) ;
1.08, sap, juice of tree (lit. water of tree) muda zero- ; zero- -muda o ) ri'-ji ;
1.10, tree-fork (lit. fork of tree) mbeeko zero- ; zero- -mbeeko ya n'-ji ; -mbeeko ta n'
tree-fork (lit. fork of tree) mbeeko zero- ; zero- -mbeeko ; =sg
tree hollow mbako zero- ; zero- -mbako ;

= sg
branch (of a tree) taw'i i- ; ma- i-tawl ; ma-taw T
cut off branches (to -) arawo e- e-arawo mataw'i ;
leaf duu2 i- ; ma- 1-duu ; ma-duu
pick fruits/flowers (to -) towa e- e-towa ;
strip off (to - leaves) arawo e- e-arawo ;
flower (Kiw'oso origin) warol ki- ; shi- ki-waro ; shi-waro
come out (of bud) (to -) chanwo e- e-chanwo ;
seed, grain ndara zero- ; zero- -ndara ; =sg

sheath (of beans, etc.), skin of kandal i- ; ma- i-kanda ; ma-kanda
maize corn
thorn musha zero- ; zero- -musha ; =sg

spread (for vines to -) ala2 e- e-ku-dla ;
root, tendon n'r'i N'- ; mi- ri'-nr'i ; mi-nr'i
stump of tree kongo2 i- ; ma- 1-kongo ; ma-kongo
fruit (no generic word) tunda i- ; ma- 1-tunda ; ma-tunda
pick fruits (from a tree) (to -) haa e- e-haa matunda ;
shake a tree to make fruits down (to ding'isa n'-ji e- e-ding'isa n'-ji ;
-)
pick fruits with a hooked knife (to racha e-racha na iroko ;
-), catch hold (fruits) with a hook

(to-)
pick (to -), catch hold (fruits) with a towa e-towa ;
hook (to -)
hooked knife (for banana) roko i- ; ma- i-roko ; ma-roko
seed (of a fruit) (generic) ndara zero- ; zero- -nda>a ; =sg

skin of fruit kandal i- ; ma- i-kanda ; ma-kanda
peel (to -) dumuo e- e-dumuo ;
calabash nduw'i zero- ; zero- -nduw'i ; =sg

calabash plant w'ungu u- ; ngyoo- u-w'ungu ; ngyoo-w'ungu
banana plant nyinda zero- ; zero- -nyinda ; =sg

banana leaf ruu2 i-N'- ; ma-N'- i-n-ruu ; ma-n-ruu
midrib of banana leaf chalaaru i- ; ma- 1-chalaaru ; m^-chalaaru
yellow banana leaf kororo i- ; ma- i-kororo ; ma-kororo
banana flower nganana zero- ; zero- -nganana ; =sg

banana stem u zero- ; zero- mu-u ; =sg
pith of banana stem unu i- '
? yu-unu ( < i-unu ) ; ?
leaf of banana stem dawal i- ; ma- 1-dawa ; m^-dawa

part near the root of banana shiiri i- ; ma- i-shiiri ; ma-shiiri
ripe banana (fruit) kundu i- ; ma- 1-kundu ; ma-kundu

354
41.40k, unripe banana (fruit) mbwee zero- ; zero- -mbwee ; =sg

41.401, cluster of bananas dingo ki- ; shi- ki-dingo ; shi-dingo
41.40m, stalk of banana bunch tiringo i- ; ma- i-tiringo ; ma-tiringo
41.40n, bunch of bananas ruu2 i- ; ma- i-ruu ; ma-ruu
41.40o, banana produced from a plantation, dal NT- ; mi- ri'-nda ; mi-nda
plantation banana (generic)
41.40p, one type of banana (sweet and sukari ki- ; shi- ki-sukari ; shi-sukari
eaten as fruit) (lit. sugar)
(introduced)
41.40q, banana for brewing alcoholic bukusa ki- ; shi- ki-bukiisa ; shi-bukiisa
drinks (The only banana which
can't be eaten raw.)
41.40r, plantationbanana (one type of ndishi zero- ; zero- -ndishi ; =sg

cooking bananas,)
41.40s, one type of cooking bananas (soft lalyi l- ; ma- i-lalyi ; ma-lalyi
banana)
41.40t, one type of cooking bananas (hard chaare NT- ; mi- n'-chaare ; mi-chaare
banana), eaten after boiling.
41.40u, one type of cooking bananas (soft nanambo i-nanambo ; ma-nanambo

and biggest banana) (eaten by
boiling)
41.40v, one type of cooking bananas. konosi i-konosi ; ma-konosi

(eaten after baking it in ash)
41.40w, one type of cooking bananas taraasa ki- ; shi- ki-taraasa ; shl-taraasa
(mainly for "ki-taloolo")
41.41, break off a banana (from the doota e-doota kidingo ;
bunch, with hands) (to -)
41.41b, break off a banana (from the bunch racha e-racha kidingo ;
with a hook) (to -)
41.42, broken off naturally <for a doota e-dooto ;
banana> (to be -) (pass)
41.42a, broken off <for a banana> (to be doota e-dooka ;
already -)
41.43, peel (a ripe banana) (to -) dumuo e- e-dumuo makundu ;
41.43b, peel (an unripe banana) (to -) (lit. w'enya e- e-w'enya mbwee ;
to peel with a knife)
41.44, orange (introduced) chunga i- ; ma- i-chunga ; ma-chunga
41.45, papaya (introduced) babai i- ; ma- i-babai ; ma-babai
41.46, mango (a kind of fruits) (introduced embe zero- ; ma- e-embe / -eembe? ; me-embe
recently)
41.47, pineapple (introduced) nanasi i- ; ma- i-nan&si ; ma-nanasi
41.48, coffee nut, coffee plant, coffee kaawa zero- ; zero- kadwa ; =sg
41.48b, coffee nut ndara zero- ; zero- -ndara ya kaawa ; -nda>a ta

kaawa
41.48c. nut, berry ndara zero- ; zero- -ndara ;

355
41.48d. ripe coffee nuts ndara zero- ; zero- -ndara tingiwiri ;
41.48e, unripe coffee nuts ndara zero- ; zero- -ndara tingiwishii ;
41.49, lemon, lime (introduced) ndimu zero- ; zero- -ndimu ; =sg
41.50, coconut (introduced) nasi zero- ; zero- -nasi ;
41.51, guava (introduced) bero i- ; ma- i-bero ; ma-bero
41.51b, peach ndunda zero- ; zero- -ndunda ; =pl
41.51c, tangerine chensa i- ; ma- i-cheri'sa ; ma-cheri'sa
41.51d, fruits of avocado par'a chiini i- ; ma- 1-par'a chiini ; ma-par'a chiini
41.52, mature (of a fruit on the tree) (to kwo e- e-kwo ;
be/become -)
41.53, mature (of a fruit on the tree) (to bora2 e-boo ;
be/become too -)
41.54, ripen (fruits) artificially (to -) findika e- e-findika
41.55, ripen naturally/artificially (for fruits w'ira e- e-w'ira ;
to-)
41.55b, ripen on its way (for fruits to -) w'ira e- e-w'iria :
41.58, 1. inspect by pressing whether ripe fonda e- e -fonda ;
or not (to -), 2. mash banana with
hands to brew an alcoholic drink

"kibukusa" (to -)
41.58b, 1 . inspect by pressing whether ripe fota e-fota

or not (to -), 2. mash banana with
hands to brew an alcoholic drink
"kibukusa" (to -)
42. Life of a Plant
42.01, come out <of a plant>, germinate mya e-mya ;
(to-)
42.02, germinate (to -) mya e- e-mya ;
42.03, bud, twig otea i- ; ma- 1-otea ; ma-otea
42.04, grow (to -) ng'ana e- e-ng'ana ;
42.05, spread its branches (to -) kwanisa e- e-kwanisa maramba
42.05b, spread (to - its branches) kwanisa e- e-kwanlsa ;
42.06, bloom (to -) waa e- e-waa ;
42.07, bear fruits (to -) tunga2 e- e-tunga ;
42.07b, bear fruits (to -), keep (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika ;
42.07c, lay egg (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ikya / e-w'ikla
42.08, wither (to -), dry up (for omal e- e-oma ;
laundry/land to -), unconscious (to

become -), vi
42.08b, droop (to -), loose firmness (to -) naa
43. Cultivation and Harvest
43.01, farm (to -), plough (to -), take care dema e-dema
of crops/plants (to -)
43.01b, scribe the surface of ground with a fwal e-fwa ;
how called "ibakwao" to cut and

remove weeds (to -)
;
356
43.01c, farmer, peasant no word ;
43.02, vegetable garden (near one's house) busutani zero- ; zero- busutani ; =sg
43.03, field (including vegetable garden deme N'- ; mi- tt '-deme ; mi-deme
under banana trees, banana grove),
cultivated area (generic)
43.03b, maize field deme N'- ;mi- n'-deme o meemba ; mi-deme ya

meemba
43.03c, banana grove dal N'- ; mi- ri'-nda ; mi-nda
43.04, open the field (to -), make a garden duuna e- e-duuna n'-deme ;
(to-)
43.04b, clear (bush) (to -) duuna e- e-duiina ;
43.04c, burn rubbish (to -) kora e- e-kora mudo ;
43.04d, uproot stumps (to -) kuruo e- e-kuruo shitumburu ;
43.04e, dig up the soil (to -) kechuo e- e-kechuo ;
43.04f, remove roots/other debris in the wada2 e- e-wadci-wada ;
field (to -), hold many times (to -)
43.04g, plant (to -) waakya e- e-waakya ;
43.05, bush-knife (for cutting trees) bangal u- ngyoo- u-banga ; ngyoo-banga
43.06, weed (to -), cultivate swh (to -) demia e- e-demia ;
43.07, heap up weeds (to -) sung'ania, e- e-sung'ania / e-sung'anya ;
sung'anya
43.08, <of heaped weeds>

rotten (to bora2 e-boo ;
become -)
43.09, cultivate (to -) (generic) dema e- e-dema ;
43.09b, grub up (to -) kechuo e- e-kechuo ;
43.09c, ridge mbumbi zero- ; mi- -mbumbi ; mi-mbumbi
43.10, hoe (generic) kumbi i- ; ma- i-kumbi ; ma-kumbi
43.10b, kind of hoe-blades bakwo i- ; ma- i-bakwo ; md-bakwo
43.10c, hoe with a spade-like blade (lit. hoe kumbi i- ; ma- i-kumbi lya kichaka ; ma-kumbi a
of Chaga land) kichaka
43.10d, hoe with a adze blade (lit. hoe of kumbi J

- i-kumbi lya teso ;
adze)
43.11, handle of a hoe munyi zero- ; zero- -munyi ; =sg
43.12, seed (millet seeds) (to -), sow (to -), era e- e-era ;
scatter (to -)
43.13, plant (maize) (to -), drill (to -) waakya e- e-waikya ;
43.14, spread medicine (to -) olia e- e-olia ;
43.14b, agricultural chemicals, medicine dawa2 zero- ; zero- -dciwa ;
for human beings
43.15, manure, fertilizer (excrements of alal ki- ; shi- ki-ala ; sha-ala

cattle/goats)
43.16, fertilize (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika ] klala ;
43.16b, fertile (to be -), ripe (to be -) w'ira e- e-w'ira ;
43.17, harvest (to -) sambwol e- e-sambwo ;

;
357
43.17b, ready for harvesting (to be -) sambwo2 e- e-smbwo ;
43.17c, cut with a knife (to -) (generic), w'yaa e- e-w'yaa umbi ;
take a millet-head with a knife

"kinro" from the plant (to -)
43.18, sickle, harvesting knife (about 10 shami l- ; ma- i-sharrii ; ma-sharrii

inches long)
43.20, take out maize grain from the kaba e-kaba ;
corncob (to -), thresh (to -), pound

(to -), beat (to -) (to hit a bag of
corncob with a flail to thresh)
43.20b, strip off maize grain from the torowuo e-torowuo ;
corncob by hand (to -)
43.22, spread (maize grain) to dry (to -) anika e- e-anika ;
43.23, sift (generic) (introduced) chekacheka zero- ; z< -cheke-cheke ; =sg
43.24, sift (to -) chekacheka e-cheka-cheka ;
43.25, winnow, winnowing tray made of deewa2 N'- ; mi- n'-deewa ; mi-deewa
wood (Kiw'oso origin)
43.25b, winnow, winnowing tray made of kar'ai i- ; ma- i-kar'al ; ma-kar'al

metal (recently introduced)
43.26, winnow with blowing (to -) elal e- e-ela ;
43.27, pound (to take off husks) (to -) (lit. kaba e- e-kaba ;
to beat)
43.27b, grind (to make millet flour) (to -) saa3 e- e-saa ;
43.27c, 43.27d pound maize grains to remove their kaba e- e-kaba ] meemba ;
chaff (to -), pound maize grains to

make flour (to -)
43.27e, grind tobacco leaves using a piece saa3 e-saa mbatu ;
of broken pot to produce sniff

"mbatu" (to -)
43.27f, upper stone to grind tobacco leaves songoro zero- ; zero- -songoro (= -ngina ) ; =sg
(to -) (smalland hard stone)
43.27g, upper stone to grind tobacco leaf ngina zero- ; zero- -ngina (= -songoro )
(to -) (small and hard stone) (see

"u-yoo")
43.27h, piece of broken pot to grind sniff yoo2 u- ; ngyuu- u-yoo ; ngyuu-yo
"mbatu" (see "ngina")
43.28, pound leaves (to -) kaba e- e-kaba n'-ji ;
43.29, mortar for pounding uri ki- ; shi- ki-uri ; shi-uri
43.29b, tree to make mortar for pounding sesewe N'- ; mi- n'-sesewe ; mi-sesewe
(soft tree)
43.30, pestle chi N'- ; mi- ri'-chi ; ml-chi
43.30b, Grevillea robusta (tree to make a kabilya zero- ; zero- kabilya ; =sg
pestle because it is very hard)
43.31, grind (to -), make flour (to -) saa3 e- e-saa ;
43.32, stone grinder (including both the seo i- ; ma- i-seo ; ma-seo
lower stone and the upper stone)
358
43.32b, lower stone / upper stone (of a ana3 ki- ; shi- ki-ana ; shi-ana
stone grinder)
43.33, uproot (to -) kuruo e- e-kuruo ;
43.33b, uproot (to -) dudwo e- e-dudwo (= e-ludwo)
43.33c, uproot (to -) ludwo e- e-ludwo (= e-dudwo )
43.34, dig out (e.g., potatoes) (to -) suma e- e-suma ;
43.36, peel (skin of fruits) with a knife (to w'enya e- e-w'enya ;
-)
X. BODY ACTIONS
44. Sleeping
44.01, sleep (to -), lie (to -) lala e- e-laaya ;
44.01b, sleep at (to -), lie at (to -) lala e- e-lala ;
44.01c, lie down (to -), sleep (to -) lala e- e-lala shimbai ;
44.02, lieon one's back (to -) (lit. lie lala e- e-laaya ] mungo ;
at+back)
44.02b, lie on one's face (to -) (lit. lie lala e- e-laciya ] ndeu ;
at+stoamch)
44.02c, lie on one's side (to -) (lit. lie lala e- e-la^ya uwari ;
at+side/rib)
44.04, sleep (deep -) jyo - ; ma- ma-jyo ;
44.04b, sleep (light -) ng'amung'amu - ; ma- ma-ng'amung'amu ;
44.05, dream (to -) ojya e- e-ojya ;
44.06, dream ojya - ; ma- ma-ojyo ;
44.07, talk in one's sleep (to -) deda2 e- e-deda ] majyo-n' ;
44.08, snore (to -) r'ung'una e- e-r'ung'una ;
44.09, feel sleepy (to -) rengea e- e-rengea ;
44.11, wake up (to -) (vi) kurie e- e-kurie ;
44.12, wake up (sb) (to -) (vt) anta e- e-anta ;
44.13, awake (to be -) damia e- e-damia talalaa ;
44.13b, fail to sleep (to -) tura e- e-tura majyo ;
44.13c, miss (to -), fail to (do) (to -) tura e- e-tura ;
44.14, spend daytime (to -) sindal e- e-sinda ;
45. Body Actions
45.01, stand up (to -) oroka e- e-oroka ;
45.02, get up (from lying) (to -) kur'ie e- e-kur'ie ;
45.03, stand up (to make sb -) oroka e- 6-orota ;
45.04a, sit (to -) damia e- e-damia ;
45.04a, sit down (to -) damia e- e-damia ] dembo ;
45.06, crouch (to -) damia e- e-damia kideudeu ;
45.06, squat deudeu ki- ; shi- ki-deudeu ; shi-deudeu
45.07. kneel (to -) lemal e- e-lema n'-r'i ;
45.09, bend over (to -) ongoma e- e-ongoma ;
45.10. straighten oneself (to -) orwo e- e-ku-6rwo ;
45.11. tread (to -) wajya e- e-wajya ;

359
45.12, stumble (to -), take a false step (to kaba e-kaba ] udende ;
-) (lit. hit+leg)
45.13, slip (to -) tur'uchuka e-tur'iimbuka ;
45.14, slippery (to be -) dendea e-dendeya ;
45.15, slippery place ndo2 ku- a-ndo kudendeya

] ; kii-ndo
kiidendeya
45.17. fall (to -), tumble (to -) woo2 e-woo ;
45.18, creep (for baby to -) afuo e-afuo ;
45.18, crawl (for snake to -) (lit. to run) r'ufuka e- e-r'ufuka ;
45.20, lean (against sth) (to -), vi amisa e- e-ku-amisa ;
45.21, stretch oneself (to -) orwo e-ku- e-ku-orwo ;
45.21b, 38.38, stretch (sth) (to -), straighten orwo e- e-orwo ( > yo-orwo ) ;
45.10 oneself (to-)
45.23, open one's mouth (to -) ruo e- e-ruo ] kana ;
45.24, open one's eyes (to -) r'umba e- e-r'umbwo miso ;
45.24b, open (to -) r'umba e- e-r'umbwo ;
45.25, shut eyes (to -), close eyes (to -), r'umba e- e-r'umba ;
45.25b, shut one's eyes (to -) r'umba e- e-r'umba miso ;
45.26, show teeth (to -), display teeth (to -) ora e- e-ora mayoo ;
45.27, look at (to -) n'la e- e-n'la ;
45.28, turn against (to -), sell (to -) kumba e- e-kumba ;
45.28b, turn one's back (to -) kumba e- e-kumba mungo ;
45.29, step back (to -) wuya e- e-wuya ] niima ;
45.32, give a sign (to -) sinya e- e-sinya ;
45.32b point (to -) olonga e- e-olonga ;
45.35, shake one's head (to -) ding'isandwe e- e-ding'isa ndwe ;
45.36, shake (to -) ding'isa e- e-ding'isa ;
45.38, 45.39 jump, jump over (to -) tola e- e-tola ;
45.38b, jump up (to -) tola e- e-tola ] wiiye ;
45.41, dangle (to -) kumasa e- e-kumasa ;
45.43, bump (against sth) (to -) kaba e-ku- e-ku-kaba ;
45.44, avoid (sth) (to -) (lit. to step aside) iyama e- e-iyama ;
45.45, disturb (to -), obstruct (to -), late (to kaal e- e-kaa ] chia ;
be -) (lit. to stay+road)
45.46, disturb (to -), obstruct (to -) (lit. to shinga e-shingia ] chia ;
close/block+road)
45.47, re-open the road/the watreway of leketa e-leketa ] chia ;
irrigation which was closed once

(to-)
45.50, hide (sth) (to -) (vt) suruma e- e-suruma ;
45.50b, hide (oneself) (to -) (vi) suruma e-ku- e-ku-suruma
45.50c, hide (oneself) (to -) (vi) owa e- e-owa ;
45.51, move (vi) (to -), approach (to -) sembea e- e-sembea ;
46. Movement
46.01, go (to -), go away (to -) enda e-enda ;
360
46.02, return (to -), return to parent's uka e- e-uka ;
house (for wife to -)
46.03, go before sb (to -) songwo e- e-songwo ;
46.03b, go before teacher's arrival (to -) enda e- e-enda malimu nalaandefika
46.04, go straight (to -) enda e- e-enda ruru ;
46.04b, straight ruru ruru ;
46.05, turn to (to -) rew'eka e- e-rew'eka ;
46.06, come (to -), arrive (to -) chal e- e-cha ;
46.07, come from (somewhere) (to -) uka e- e-uka ;
46.08, enter (to -), get in (to -), surpass (to eda e- e-eda ;
-)
46.09, come from (to -), get out (to -) somuka e- e-somuka ;
46.10, climb (a mountain) (to -) aluka e- e-aluka ;
46.10b, board (a bus) (to -), go (on bus) (to shaama e- e-shaama ;
-), climb (to -), go up (to -)

(generic)
46.11, get off (bus), go down (to -) sambuka e -sambuka ;
(generic), warm (for cold food to

become - by fire)
46.11b, get off (bus), go down (to -) sarambuka e- e-sarambuka ;
(generic)
46.12, jump down/up/across (to -) tola e-tola ;
(generic)
46.13, climb down (from a mountain/cliff) shoka e- e-shoka ;
(to-)
46.14, climb down (from mountain) (to -), oloka e- e-oloka ;
drop go down (a river) (to -)

(to -),
(vi)
46.15, go beyond (a mountain) (to -) enda e- e-enda ko-mbe
46.15b, beyond, somewhere beyond ko3 ko mbe ;
46.18, leave (to -) uka e- e-uka ;
46.18b, go out from home (to -) uka e- e-uka bo ;
46.19, return (to -) wuya e- e-wuya ;
46.20, come home from work (to -) uyabo e- e-uya bo ;
46.21, arrive (to -) chal e- e-cha ;
46.22, stay (to -), remain (to -), occupy (to kaal e- e-kaa ;
-)
46.23, remain (to -) saa2 e- e-saa ;
46.24, approach (to -) sembea e- e-sembea ;
46.25, leave (to -), move away (from sth) uka e- e-uka ;
(to-)
46.26, run away (to -) dicha e- e-dicha ;
46.28, come up with (sb) (to -), catch up kooya2 e- e-ko6ya ;
sb (to -)
46.29, walk side by side (to -) enda e- e-enda ] kimwi

361
46.30, follow (behind) (to -) fatya e- e-fatya ;
46.31, outrun (sb) (to -) ida e- e-ida ;
46.32, forestall (to -), wait for (to -) w'eda e- e-w'edeya ;
46.32b, enter into people/crowds and kusanda e- e-kusanda wandu-n

become mixed (to -)
46.33, walk (to -) wajya e- e-wajya ;
46.34, stroll, roam about, loiter, walk runguda e- e-runguda ;
about, turn (to -)
46.34b, go around (to -) runguja e- e-runguja ;
46.34c, loiter (to -), walk aimlessly (to -), raaraa e- e-raa>aa ;
walk without any purpose (to -),

roam (to -)
46.35, run (to -) dicha e- e-dicha ;
46.36,81.07 run fast (to -) dicha e- e-dicha ] den' ;
46.39, go slowly (to -) enda e- e-enda ] mbong'o ;
46.39b, slowness mbong'o zero- -mbong'o ;
46.40, hurry (to -) ungana e- e-ungana ;
46.42, pass (to -) ida e- e-ida ;
46.42b, enter and become mixed (to -) kusanda e- e-kusanda ;
46.43, cross (to -) dum'bwo e- e-durn'bwo ;
46.43b, cross a road (to -) dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo chia ;
46.44, take (sb/sth) somewhere (to -) kamada e- e-kamcida / e-kamada
46.45, bring (to -) ende e- e-ende ;
46.46, show round (to -) ora e- e-ora ;
46.47, see sb off (to -) somuta e- e-somuta ;
46.47b, escort (to -) imia e- e-imia ;
46.48, go together (to -), accompany (to -) enda e- e-enda kimwi ;
46.48b, together mwi kiki-mwi ;
46.49, lead the way (to -), show the way ora e- e-ora chia ;
(to-)
46.50, send a man (to -) duma n'-ndu e- e-ndumd ] n'-ndu ;
46.50b, send (to -) duma e- e-duma ;
46.51, stop (vi.), stand (to -) oroka e- -oroka ;
46.51b, stop (to -), stop to wait (to -), pause iricha e- e-iricha ;
(to -), remain (to -) (vi)
46.52, stop a person (to -) oroka e- 6-orota ] n'-ndu ;
46.52b, stop (vt) (to -) oroka e- e-orota ;
46.52c, stop (vt) (to -) deeya2 e- e-deeya ;
46.53, lose one's way (to -) deka e- e-deka ] chia ;
46.54, lost (swh) (to be -) deka e- e-dekia ;
46.55, travel (to -) enda e- e-enda ] kyaro-n' ;
46.56, journey aro ki- ; shi- ki-aro ; shi-aro
46.56b, distant place aro ki- ; shi- ki-aro-n' ; sha-aro-n'
46.57, car kari3 i- ; ma- i-kari ; ma-kari
46.57b, bus basii i- ; ma- i-basfi ; md-basu

362
46.58, wheel ngaari zero- ; zero- -ngaar'i ; =sg
46.59, drive (a car) (to -), steer (to -) endesha e- e-endesha ;
46.61, get down (to -) sarambuka e- e-sarambuka ;
46.62, run over (to -), tread (to -) wajya e- e-wajya ;
46.63, bicycle basikeeli zero- ; zero- basikeeli ; =sg
46.64, train tereeni zero- ; zero- -tereeni ; =sg

46.65, airplane ndeke zero- ; zero- -ndeke (= ndeeye ) ; -sg
46.65b, airplane ndeeye zero- ; zero- -ndeeye (= ndeke ) ; =sg
46.66, path, road (generic) chial zero- ; zero- -chia ; =sg

46.66, public road tawala u- ; ngyuu- u-tawala ; ngyuu-tawala
46.66b, private road (to someone's house) ko2 N'- ; mi- ri'-ko ; mi-lo
46.66c, narrow path/road chochor'o ki- ; shi- ki-chochor'o ; shi-chochor'o
46.68, track of the wildpig chial zero- ; zero- -chia ya nguwe ; -chia ta nguwe
46.69, road chial zero- ; zero- -chia ;
46.70, broad road chial zero- ; zero- -chia ingishimbi ; -chia tiingishimbi
46.71, narrow road chial zero- ; zero- -chia ingisiise ; -chia tiingisiise
46.72, fork in road kwanu - ; ma- ma-kwanu ; =sg
46.73, join (for a road/person to -) kuana e- e-kuina ;
46.73b, meet together (for a road) (to -) kuana e- e-ku^nya ;
46.73c, crossroad kuana i- ; ma- i-kuanu ; ma-kuanu
XI. DAILY LIFE

47. Work
47.01, work (to -) runda e- e-runda ;
47.02, work, job runda ki- ; shi ki-rundio ; shi-rundio
47.03, assist (to -), help (to -) akanya e- e-akanya (= e-ekia) ;
47.03b, assist (to -), help (to -) ekia e- e-ekia ;
47.04, 1. close (to ), 2. obstruct (to -), shinga e- e-shingia ;
disturb (to -)
47.04b, deny (to -) ema e- e-ema ;
47.05, take sb's place (to -) alacha e- e-aldcha ikamba ;
47.05b, turn (one's -) kamba i-; ma- i-kamba ; ma-kamba
47.06, tool ndol ki- ; shi ki-ndo ; shi-ndo
47.07, use (to -) (no generic word) tumia e- e-tumia ;
47.08, make (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika / e-w'ika ;
47.08b, make (a pot) (to -) tana e- e-tana ;
47.09, repair (to -), mend (for house, sungusia e- ^-sungusia ;
clothes, etc.) (to -)
47.10, repaired (to be - by sb, to become -; sungusia e-sungusio ;
pass, /stat)
47.11, replace (to -), change (to -), alacha e-alacha ;
exchange (to -)
47.12, forge (to -) (lit. to beat+metal) kaba e-kaba minya ;
47.13, smithy ganya zero- ; zero- ganya ;
47.14, hammer nyindo zero- ; zero- -nyindo ; =sg

47.16, hit with a hammer (to -) kaba e- e-kaba nyindo ;
363
47.17, bellows fuwa N'- ; mi- m'-fuwa o )

gnya ; mi-fuwa ya
ganya
47.20, work wood (to -), curve (to -), bacha e- e-bacha ;
shave wood (to -)
47.21, axe ara ki- ; shi- ki-ara ; sha-ara
47.22, adze teso zero- ; zero- -teso ; =sg
47.23, nail shimari N'- ; mi- n'-shimari ; mi-shimari
47.24, peg wamba u- ; ngyuu- il-wambo ; ngyuu-wambo /
-mbambo
47.25, split firewood (to -) bara e- e-bara ngwi ;
47.25b, split wood (to -) bara e- e-bara n'-ji ;
47.26, shave wood (to -) bacha e- e-bacha ;
"
47.27, kitchen knife (small n'-nro") (used r'o ki-N'- ; shi-N'- ki-n'-r'o ; shi-n'-r'o
by women for cooking)
47.27b, knife (for male person to cut meat) andu ki- ; shi- ki-andu ; sha-andu
47.27c, knife for carving kombo u- ; ngyuu- u-kombo ; ngyuu-kombo
47.27d, knife (used to chop animal food) r'o N'- ; mi- n'-r'o ; mi-n'-r'o, n'-r'o
47.28, handle of a knife munyi zero- ; zero- -munyi ; =sg
47.29, chisel patasi zero-, zero- -patasi ; =sg
47.31, saw semenu N'- ; mi- n'-semenu ; mi-sem6nu
47.32, saw (to -) bara e- e-bara ;
47.32b, hole through a wood (to make a -) sesa e- e-sesa ;
47.33, board bao u- ; shi- u-bao ; shi-bao
47.34, mold pottery (to -) tana e- e-tana nungu ;
47.34b, mold pottery (to -) umba2 e- e-umba nungu ;
47.34c, mold (pottery) (to -) umba2 e- e-umba ;
47.35, clay for pottery tala zero- ; zero- tala ya ] nungu ;
47.36, smooth (the surface of a pot; dendea e- e-dendera ;
generic) (to make -)
47.36b, smooth (the surface of a pot; achara e- e-acharia ;
generic) (to -)
47.38, rub a string (to -) ososa e- e-ososa ur'uu ;
47.39, string ruul u- ; ngyuu- u-ruu ; ngyuu-ruu
47.40, rope, rope to tie cattle to a post, owo ki- ; shi- kyo-owo ( < ki-oowo ) ; sho-owo
string (generic) (< shi-oowo )
47.42, person who is skilful in agriculture ndu N'- ; wa- n'-ndu eechi edema ; wa-ndu
(lit. person who knows cultivation) weechi edema
47.44, idle (to be -) dokwo e- e-dokwo ;
47.44b, idle (to be -) (lit. to miss+something tura e- e-tura kyeuta ;
to do)
47.45, make an effort (to -) waana e- e-waana ;
47.46, employ (to -) ajiri e- e-ajiri ;
47.47, dismiss (to -), sack (to -), chase (to r'angata e- e-r'angata ;
-)
;
:
364
47.48, prepare (to -) (no generic word in tayarisha e- e-ku-tayarisha ;
this language. Various words are

used)
47.49, provoke and watch the reaction (to esha e-k u- e-kw-esha ;
-)
47.50, accomplish (to -) idima e- e-edlma ;
47.51, abandon (the work) on his will (to -

) dafo e- e-dafo ;
47.51b, stop working (to -) (lit. to abandon dafo e- e-dafo kirundio ;
+job)
47.52, succeed (to -), deal sth well (to -) idima e- e-idlma ;
47.53, fail (in a work, in an examination) lema2 e- e-lemo ;
(to-)
47.53b, fail (to make sb -) tewa e- e-tewa ;
47.54, make a mistake (to -) kosa e- e-kosya ;
47.54b, mistake kosa -; ma- ma-kosa ;
47.55, easy work (lit. work which is not runda ki- ; shi- ki-rundio kilaakyuumu ; shi-rundio
difficult) shilaashuumu
47.56, difficult work runda ki- ; shi- ki-rundio kyuumu ; shi-rundio

shuumu
47.56b, difficult work (lit. work which is runda ki- ; shi- ki-rundio kiikyuumu ; shi-rundio
difficult) sh'rishuumu
47.56c, difficult (to be -) oma2 e- e-oma (> yo-oma / yu-uma ) ;
47.56d, difficult (to be too -) oma2 e- e-oma ] ri'-nu (> y-uuma n'-nu)
47.56e, difficult (to be too -) oma2 e- e-oma ] den' (> y-uuma ] den')
48. Fire
48.01, fire mudo zero- ; zero- -mudo ; =sg
48.02, spark sese zero- ; zero- -sese ;
48.03, ashes fu2 i- ; ma- i-fu ; ma-fu
48.04, smoke musu zero- ; zero- -musu ; =sg
48.05, soot shir'i N'- ; mi- n'-shirl ; mi-shirT
48.07a, kindle (to -), light fire (to -) atal e- e-ata mudo ;
(Kiw'oso origin)
48.07a, light (to -) (Kiw'oso origin) atal e- e-ata ;
48.08, catch fire (to -) sha2 e- e-sha ;
48.09a, burn (sth) (to -) kora e- e-kord ] klndo ;
48.09b, burn (sth) (to -) kora e- e-kora ;
48.10, burn (Vi) (to -) sha2 e- e-sha ;
48.11a, spread <of fire> (to -) kuana e- e-kuSna ;
48.12, make fire stronger (to -), stir fire wuria e- e-wuria ;
stronger (to -)
48.14, extinguish (to -) wool e- e-woo ;
48.15, go out <of fire>, die (to -) fo2 e- e-fo ;
48.16, warm oneself near the fire (to -) oda e- e-oda mudo ;
48.16b, expose oneself (to -) oda e- e-oda ;

365
48.17, firewood kwi u- ; N'- u-kwi ; n'-gwi
48.18, gather firewood (to -) sana e- e-sana ] ngwi ;
48.18b, gather (firewood) (to -) sana e- e-sana ;
48.19, 59.42 put firewood in fire (to -) engera e- e-engera ngwi mudo-n'
48.20, take out firewood from fire (to -) wuta e- e-wuta n'gwi mudo-n' ;
48.21,48.22 ember, charcoal kaa2 i- ; ma- i-kaa ; ma-kaa
48.23, match fi N 1
- ; mi- n'-fi ; mi-fi
48.24, strike a match (to -), light ii match washa e- e-washa n'-fi ;
(to-)
48.24b, strike (match) (to -) washa e-washa ;
49. Water
49.01, water, river muda zero- ; zero- -muda ;

-sg
49.02, foam w'yal i- ; ma- 1-w'ya ;

nici-w'ya
49.03, wet (to become -), rotten (to bora2 e- e-boo ;
become -)
49.04, wet (to make sth -), rotten (to make bora2 e-bora ;
sth-)
49.06, dip (to -), soak (to -) r'iw'ika e- e-r'iw'ika ;
49.07, take (sth) out of water (to -) wuta e- e-wutct miide-n' ;
49.08, shake (sth) (to -) (vt) sika e- e-sika ;
49.08b, shake one time (to -), hang oneself sika e-ku- e-ku-slka ;
(to-)
49.08c, sway oneself many times (to -) (vi) sika e-ku- e-ku-sika-sika ;
49.09, wipe one's wet hands (to -) tuura e- e-tuura mawoko ;
49.10, squeeze (to -) kama e- e-kama ;
49.11, dry (sth over fire) (to -) anika e- e-anika ] mudo-n' ;
49.12, dry (to become -) omal e- e-oma ;
49.13, dry clothes gwo, guo N'- ; N'- ri'-gwo (i)ngyuumu ; ri' -gwo
rilngyuumu
49.14, draw (water) (to -) daa2 e- e-da^ ] muda ;
49.17, strain water to clean it (to -) chuja e- e-chuja ;
49.19, mix (to -), stir (to -) sanda e- e-sanda ;
49.19b, mix sth into (to -), put together swh sanda e- e-sandia ;
(to-)
49.20, mixed (to become -) sanda e-ku- e-ku-sanda ;
49.21, stir (to -) tita e- e-tita ;
49.21b, stir (with a stirring rod) (to -) tita e- e-tita na uw'iiri ;
49.21c, stirring rod (for stirring broth) w'iiri u- ; ngyuu- u-w'iiri ; ngyuu-w'iiri
49.24, stiffened (to be -), coagulate (to -), shimba e- e-shimba ;
49.26, drip (to -) chochoka e- e-chochoka ;
49.27, drop (N) dachi i- ; ma- i-dachi ; ma-dachi
49.28, damp with condensation (to be -), chichina e- e-chichina ;
perspire (to -)
; ;
366
49.29, leak (from vessel), throw (to -; era e- e-era ;
generic)
49.30, sprinkle (water, salt, etc.) (to -) nanatya e-nanatya ;
(generic)
XII. SOCIAL LIFE

50. Language
50.01,50.02, voice, word, language dedo ki- shi- ki-dedo ; shi-dedo

50.04
50.03b, meaning manyal ki- shi- kl-manya ; shi-manya
50.04b, Kiw'oso language kiw'oso kiki-kiw'oso ;
50.04c, Vunjo language funjo ki- shi- ki-funjo ;
50.04d, Uru language Ur'ul ki- kl-ur'u ;
50.04e, Pare language Bare kiki-bare ;
50.045 Kiw'oso person kiw'oso N'- ; wa- ni'-kiw'oso ; wa-kiw'oso
50.04g, Kiw'oso land kiw'oso zero- kiw'oso ;
50.04h, Vunjo person anjo mu- ; wa- mw-anjo ; wa-anjo
50.04i, Uru person Ur'ul mu- ; wa- mu-ur'u ; wd-ur'u
50.04J, Pare person (lit. one who was Bare N'- ; wa- m'-bare ; wa-bare
beaten)
50.05, say (to -) amba2 e- e-amba ;
50.07, make a noise (to -) kaba e- e-kaba kirenge ;
50.08, speak to (sb) (to -) deda2 e- e-dejia ;
50.09, speech (to make a -), speak (to -) deda2 e- e-deda ;
50.11,46.52c stop saying (to -) deeya2 e- e-deeya e-deda ;
50.12, listen (to sb) silently (to -) adanya e-ad^nya ;
50.13, 70.23b quiet (for a person to be -), quiet woiya e- e-woiya sau ;
(or a person to keep -)
50.14, speak (to -), talk (to -), make a deda2 e-deda
speech (to -), speak of (to -)
50.14b, speak the Vunjo language (to -) deda2 e- e-deda kianjo ;
50.14c, talk to (sb) (to -) deda2 e- e-dejia ;
50.15, understand (a foreign language) (to manyal e- -manya ;
-), know (to -)
50.16,50.17 tell (to -), let know (to -), inform (to w'ya2 e- e-w'ya ;
-)
50.20, information, matter, news, opinion mboni zero- ; zero- -mboni
50.21, report (to -) doo e- e-do6 ] mboni ;
50.21b, send (sth) (to -), deliver (to -), doo e- e-doo ;
marry (for man to -)
50.22, call (to -) waanga e- e-waanga ;
50.23, call loudly (a distant person) (to -) waanga e- e-waanga mun'nu ;
50.23b, loudly mun'nu mun'nu ;
50.26, answer a call (to -) idikya e- e-edikya (< e-idikya)
50.27, remain silent (when called) (to -) woiya e- e-woiya ;

;
367
50.28, greet (to -) idikira2 e- e-ed'ikira (< e-idikira)
50.29, say farewell (to -) amba2 e- e-amba nakofo ;
50.29b, say farewell (to -) w'ya2 e- e-w'ya nakofo ;
50.29c, farewell, bye-bye na2 n a kofo ;
50.30, cheat (to -), deceive (to -), tell a lie lemba e- e-lemba ;
(to-)
50.30b, tell the truth (to -) amba2 e- e-amba dede ;
50.31, lie mbor'u zero- ; -mbor'u ;
50.31b, truth, fact ndede ndede ;
50.32, deceive (to -), cheat (to -) lemba e- e-lemba ;
50.34, speak of sb in his absence (to -) deda2 e- e-deda n'du ;
50.35, speak ill (of sb) (to -), backbite (to deda2 e- e-dedci ] ri'du w'icho ;
-)
50.36, ask a question (to -) w'esa e- e-w'esa kindo ;
50.36b, ask (to -) w'esa e- e-w'esa ;
50.37, answer (to -) idikya e- e-edikya (< e-idikya) ;
50.38, answer dedo ki- ; shi- ki-dedo ; shi-dedo
50.39, shout (to -), cry (to -) kooma e- e-kooma ;
50.40, say loudly and rudely (to -) deda2 e- e-deda ngata ;
50.41, scold (to -) sakira e- e-sakira ;
50.41b, scolded (to be -) sakira e- e-sakiro ;
50.42, blame (to -) kunung'una e-kunung'una ;
50.42b, insult (to -) arara e- e-arara ;
50.43, praise (to -), speak good of sb (to -) deda2 e- e-deda ] nicha ;
50.43, please (to -) chiiya e- e-chiiya ;
50.43b, pleased with (to be -), happy with chiiya e- e-chiiyo ;
(to be -)
50.46, affirm (to -), agree (to -) wal e- e-wa ;
50.47, deny (to -) ema e- e-ema ;
50.48, agree (to -), affirm (to -) wal e- e-wa ;
50.49, disagree (to -), contradict (to -), leya e- e-leya ;
oppose to (to -)
50.50, agreement patana - ; ma- ma-patanu ;
50.51, come to an agreement (to -) patana e- e -patana ;
50.53, promise asa3 ki- ; shi ki-asa ; shi-asa
50.55, break one's promise (to -) doota kiasa e- e-doota kiasa ;
50.56, request (to -), beg (to -) ter'ewa e- e-ter'ewa ;
50.57, refuse (to -) leya e- e-leya ;
50.58, 50.63b undertake (to -), affirm (to -), obey wal e- e-wa ;
(to -), agree (to -)
50.60, allow (to -) leketa e- e-leketa ;
50.61, forbid (to -), deny (to -) ema e- e-ema ;
50.62, command (to -), order (to -) amurisha e- e-amurisha, e-amiirisha
50.63, obey (to -) tii e- e-tfi / i-tii ;
50.64, beg pardon (to -) olokya e- e-olokya ;

368
50.65, forgive (to -), allow (to -) saria e- e-saria ;
50.68, encourage (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika finya ;
50.69, consult (to -) (lit. to beg+opinion) ter'ewa e- e-ter'ewa ushaur'i ;
50.69b, foresee (to -) lashia e- e-lashia ;
50.70, teach (to -) (Kiw'oso origin) losha e- e-Iosha ;
50.72, explain (to -) (lit. to say+how) amba2 e- e-amba n'-kiida ;
50.74, think aloud (to -), speak to oneself deda2 e- e-deda munyi ;
(to-)
50.75, complain (to -) nunuya e- e-nunuya ;
50.75b, recalcitrant (to be -) lema2 e- e-lema ;
50.76, tell a tale (to -) kaba e- e-kaba sumu ;
50.77, tale sumu zero- ; zero- -sumu ; =sg

50.81, dispute (to -), discuss (to -) (lit. to deda2 e- e-deda ] mboni ;
speak+opinion)
51. Playing
51.01,51.02 play (to -), play a game (to -) tawana e- e-tawana ;
51.03, game, play tawana ki- ; shi- kl-tawanu ; shl-tawanu
51.03b, rope skipping (girl's play) r'ar'ii i- ; ma- i-r'ar'ii ; ma-r'ar'ii
51.03c, hoop rolling (boys' game) ngaar'i zero- ; zero- -ngaar'i ;
51.03d, game like playing beanbags chewera - ; ma- no sg ; ma-chewera

(juggling)
51.03e, game of making whizzing sound ruuruu i- ; ma- i-ruuruu ; ma-ruuniu
51.03f, game of car-driving simulation. chenekar'i ki- ; shi- ki-chenekar'i ; shl-chenekar'i
51.03g, game of marbles mbenu zero- ; zero- -mbenu ; =sg

51.03h, game of hopping on one leg dende ki- ; shi- ki-dende ; shi-dende
51.03i, game of hopping on one leg tikiri zero- ; zero- -tikin ; =sg
51.03J, game of hide-and-seek owa e- e-owa ;
51.03k, game of tag kudichia e- e-kudichia ;
51.031, game of high-jumping kiko u- ; ngyuu- u-kiko ; ngyuu-kiko
51.03m, game of seesaw, seesaw nlenguo N'- ; mi- n'-lengiio ; mi-lenguo
51.03n, game of windmill ndeke zero- ; zero- -ndeke ; =eg

51.03o, game of wrestling ata2 e- e-ata ;
51.03p, game of a swing kweela e- e-kweela ;
51.03q, game of dizziness runguswo u- ; ngyuu- u-runguswo ; ngyuu-runguswo
51.03r, game of sliding on slippery ground chur'uur'u zero- ; zero- -chur'uur'u ;
51.03s, game of a top spinning pindi ki- ; shi- ki-pindi ; shi-pindl
51.03t, game like a dodge ball r'ede zero-, zero- -r'ede ;
51.04, dance (to -) fina e- e-fina ;
51.05, dance mbasa zero- ; zero- -mbasa ; =sg

51.08, sing (to -) (Kiw'oso origin) embal e- e-emba ;
51.09, song, music mbasa zero- ; zero- -mbasa ; =sg

51.10, drum (no drums in this area, no word ;
"ngoma" (<Sw)is used.Aj
51.11. stretch the skin over a drum (to -) wamba e- e-wamba ngoma ;
51.12, beat a drum (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ngoma ;

369
51.13, xylophone not used ;
51.14, handpiano, thumbpiano not used ;
51.15, flute to call people (made from a randa ; ma- 1-randa ; md-randa
horn of antelope)
51.16, musical instrument which is tied at chengere ki- ; shi- ki-chengere ; shi-chengere
the ankle and which makes a
rattling sound
51.17, ululate (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ] n'-doro ;
51.18, ululation doro N'- ; mi- n'-doro ; mi -doro
51.19, whistle (to -) kaba e- e-kaba n'-dori ;
51.20, whistling dori N'- ; mi- n'-dori ; mi-dorl
51.21, whistle with one's fingers (to -) kaba e- e-kaba kiforifo ;
51.21b, finger-whistling forifo ki- ;shi- ki-forifo ; shl-forifo
51.22, clap hands (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ] mawoko ;
51.25, play ball (to -) chesa e- e-kaba ] m'-bira ;
51.26, ball, football bira N'- ; mi- rn'-bira ; mi-bira
51.26b, play football (to -) chesa e- e-chesa ;
51.27, catch a ball (to -) wada2 e- e-wada ;
51.28, throw (a ball) (to -), leak (to -; era e- 6-era ;
generic)
51.30, repeat the same thing and annoy sb seleta e-seleta

(to-)
51.32, tickle (to -) kela-kela e- e-kela-kela ;
52. Fighting
52.01, abuse (to -), insult (to -) arara e- e-arara ;
52.01b, abuse each other (to -) arara e- e-ku-drara ;
52.02, curse (to -) (lit. to leave+curse) da2 e- e-da foo ;
52.03,60.16 curse foo2 zero- ; zero- -foo ;
52.04, threaten (to -) owuo e- e-owosha ;
52.05, dispute, cheek moondu zero- ; zero- -moondu ; =sg

52.05b, dispute (to -), argue (to -) wada2 e- e-wada moondu ;
52.05c, quarrel (to -) sakya e- e-sakya ;
52.06, 64.01 settle a dispute (to -), settle an dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo ] mb6ni ;
argument (to -)
52.07, 52.12 fight (to -), beat (to -), strike (i.e., kaba e- e-kaba ;
one time) (to -), kick (to -)
52.07b, fight (to -) bakana e- e-bak^na ;
52.11, spring upon sb , jump on sb (to -) tola e- e-tolya ;
52.12b, stricken (i.e., one time) (to be -), kaba e- e-kabo ;
beaten (to be -), kicked (to be -)
52.12c, beat severely (to -) buula e- e-buula ;
52.1 2d, beaten severely (to be -) buula e- e-buulo ;
52.13, slap (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ukofi ; e-kaba ngofi
52.14, clap kofi u- ; N'- u-kofi ; n'-gofi
52.15, pinch (to -) chuna e- e-chuna ;

;
370
52.16, kick (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ] Itenge / e-kaba ] inanga
52.16b, kick (N) tenge i- ma- 1-tenge / i-nanga ma-tenge /
ma-nanga
52.16c, hit with the head (to be -) nyo e- e-nyo ;
52.17, throw down (to -), throw sth (to -) era e- e-era ;
52.17b, throw down (a person tuula e- e-tuula ;
well-matched in strength) (to -)
52.18, press down (to -), pin down sb (to -) wada2 e- e-wajya shimbai ;
52.18b, press down (to -), pin down (to -), wada2 e- e-wajya ;
hold for (sb) (to -), help to hold (to

-), have for (sb) (to -)
52.19, bind (to -) funga e- e-funga ;
52.19b, unbind (to -) funga e- e-fungwo ;
52.19c, bound (to -be) funga e- e-fungo ;
52.19d, bind for (sb) (to -) funga e- e-fungya ;
52.19e, bind each other (to -) funga e- e-ku-funga ;
52.19f, bound (to -) maa e- e-maa e-fungo ;
52.20, chase (to -), run after (to -) dicha e- e-dichia ;
52.20b, chase away (to -), drive away dicha e- e-dichlra ;
(chickens from a room) (to -)
52.21, drive (somebody) out (to -) r'angata e- e-r'angata ;
52.22, guard oneself (to -) r'inga e-ku- e-ku-r'inga ;
52.23, guard sb (to -) r'inga e- e-r'inga ;
52.23b, help sb's fight (to -) akanya e- e-akanya ;
53. Giving and Receiving
53.01, give (to -) ininga e- e-eninga ( < e-ininga) :
53.01b, 53.01c give for (sb) (to -), give to (sb) (to ininga e- e-enlngia ;
-), give (to make sb -)
53.01d, give each other (to -) ininga e- e-kw-ininga ;
53.01e, given (to be -) ininga e- e-eningo ;
53.04, give a gift (to -) amaya e- e-amdya ;
53.05, gift am ay a - ; ma- no sg ; ma-amdyo

53.06, get (to -), obtain (to -) wona e- e-wona ;
53.07, receive (to -) ambyal e- e-ambya ;
53.08, pick up (sth from the floor) (to -) eria e- e-eria ;
53.08b, pick up (to -), get what sb has left wona e- e-wona ;
(to-)
53.09, get back (to -) w'iira e- e-w'iira ;
53.10, ask for sth (to -), beg sth (to -) ter'ewa e- e-ter'6wa ;
53.11, refuse (to -) leya e- e-leya ;
53.12, divide (to -) awa e- e-awa ;
53.12b, giveaway (to -), give a portion of aw a e- e-awya ;
what one owns (to -)
53.13, share with others (to -) awa e- e-awana ;
53.14, sell (to -), turn against (to -) kumba e- e-kumba ;

;
371
53.15, buy (to -) wura e- e-wura ;
53.16, money besa N'- ; N' m'-besa ;

= sg
53.16b, money eler'i zero- ; zero- elerl ;

= sg
53.17, price ur'u2 u- ; ngyuu- u-ur'u ; ngyuu-ur'u
53.18, how much? besa N'- m'-besa iinga?/ eler'i iinga? ;
53.19, expensive (to be -) kalyal e- e-kalya ;
53.20, cheap (to be -) (lit. to miss+price) tura e- e-tura uuru ;
53.21, pay (to -), return (money) (to -) taa e- e-taa ;
53.23, borrow money/sth (to -) akua e- e-akuo ;
53.23b, borrow sth (to -), borrow a bull (for ter'ewa e- e-ter'ewa ;
mating) (to -)
53.25, lend money/sth (to -) akua e- e-akuya ;
53.25b, lend domestic animal (to -) omba e- e-omba ;
53.27, return sth (to -) w'iira e- e-w'iira ;
53.27b, return sth (to -) w'iira e- e-w'iira kindo ;
53.27c, return (money) (to -) taa e- e-taa ;
53.29, debt sile zero- ; zero- -sile ;
53.31, compensate (to -) fujyo e- e-fujyo ;
53.34, take charge of sth (to -) (lit. to akanya e- e-akanya en'la ;
help+to take care of)
53.35, pay wages (to -) taa e- e-taa n'-shaara ;
53.35b, wages, salary shaara N'- ; mi- n' -shaara ; mi-shadra
53.36, payment lipo - ; ma- no sg ; ma-lipo
53.37, steal (to -) iwa e- e-iwa (> e-ewa )
53.37b, stolen (to be -) iwa e- e-ewo ;
53.38, rob (to -), bleed (to -) soka e- e-soka ;
53.39, 1) send (by post) (to -), send (sb) dika e- e-dika ;
(to -), deliver (to -), 2) brew (to -),
3) help to put (to -)
53.39b, send a letter (by post), deliver a dika e- e-dika ] baruo

letter (to -)
53.40, deliver (to -) fita e- e-fita ;
53.41, exchange (to -), replace (to -) alacha e- e-alacha ;
54. Society
54.01, village, settlement (no generic no word ;
word)
54.01b, land of one family including home nda2 N'- ; mi- n'-nda ; mi-nda
site and banana field (cp. bush)
54.01c, area occupied by wild animals, kasa zero- ; zero- -kSsa ; =sg
dried area, area which is not
utilized by people
54.0 Id, Uru (a place-name) Ur'ul ur u ;
54.03, home village (lit. home+mine) bo zero- ; zero- bo koko ;
54.03b, Kifu's village (one of the village kifu-n' kifu-n' ;
names)
; ;
372
54.04, town ji2 N'- ; mi- n'-ji ; mi-ji
54.04c, town (in a -) ji2 N'- ; mi- n'-ji-ni ; mi-ji-ni
54.05, tribe (Kiw'oso origin) chaka NT- ; wari '-chaka ; wa-chaka
54.06, clan (no totem) muri zero- ; zero- -muri ; =sg
54.06b, name of a clan ("moor Mboyo zero- ; zero- -mboyo ;
name), see "mboro."
54.06c, name of a clan (Mboyo clan at Mboro zero- ; zero- -mboro ;
present)
54.08, age-group (generic) (The rikal zero- ; ma- -rika ; mci-rika

age-group doesn't exist any longer
at present.)
54.09, 1. Whiteman, Englishman, sora N - ; mill -sora ; mi-sora

European, 2. termite
54.09b, Whiteman, Englishman, European sungu N'- ; wa- n'-sungu ; wa-sungu
54.13, thief nyinyi i- ; ma- i-nyinyi ; m^-nyinyi
54.18, sin mbaka zero- ; zero- -mbaka ;
54.23, leader of irrigation miku N'- ; wa- m'-miku o nfongo ; wa-miku wa

nfongo
54.24, important person ndu N'- ; wa- awode

ri'-ndu rina ; w-ndu
wawode rina
54.28, owner myi mu- ; wa- mw-inyi ; we-enyi
54.29, host inyi mu- ; wa- mw-inyi bo ; we-enyi bo
54.30, guest, visitor, stranger inu mu- ; wa- mii-inu ; we-enu (< wd-inu)
54.31, 1. friend, 2. a kind of bee mbuya zero- ; zero- -mbuya ; =sg
54.33, neighbour dasa N'- ; mi- wa-n'-dasa ;
54.36, meet (to -) kuana e- e-kudnya ;
54.37, go to meet sb coming (to -) enda e- e-enda ambia ;
54.38, invite (to -) '<Sw) karibisha e- e-karibisha ;
54.39, wait (to -) w'eda e- e-w'eda ;
54.40, visit (to -) idikiral e- e-edikira ( < e-idikira)
54.41, let in (to -), get into (to -), take in ita e- e-eta (< e-ita )
(to-)
54.42, shake hands (to -) (lit. to wada2 e- e-wada ng'asa ;
hold+hands)
54.42b, shake hands ng'asa zero- ; zero- -ng'asa ;
54.44, ask sb to stay (to -) ter'ewa e- e-ter'ewa ] neer'iche ;
54.45, part (with sb) (to -) lakana e- e-lakana ;
54.46, school (generic) soma ki- ; shi- ki-somi6-n' ; shi-somi6-n'
54.46b, school shuule zero- ; zero- -shuule ; =sg

54.46c, education soma ki- ; shi- ki-somio / kl-somyo ; sh'i-somio /
shi-somyo
54.47, teacher malimu N'- ; wa- m'-malimu ; wa-alimu
54.48, pupil na3 mo- ; wa- mo-na o shuule (> muno o shuul
wa-na wa shuule
54.49, market (open market) nange ki- ; shi- ki-nange ; shi-nange

373
54.50, shop duka2 zero- ; ma- -duka ; ma-duka
54.51, slave singaQR i- ; ma- l-singa ; ma-singa
54.52, beggar (going from door to door) taraw'ia zero- ; zero- taraw'ia ; =sg
54.52b, poor person, orphan ngoda zero- ; zero- -ngoda ; =sg
54.52c, poor (to be -) wa2 e- e-wa ngoda ;
54.53, meeting kuana i- ; ma- i-kuanu ; ma-kuanu
54.54, assemble (to -)(vi.), meet (to -) kuana e- e-kuanya ;
54.54b, collect together (vi) (to -) sanya e- e-sanya ;
54.55, assemble (to -), pack (to -) (vt) sung'ania, e- e-sung'ania / e-sung'anya ;
sung'anya
54.55b, assemble people (to -) (vt.) sung'ania, e- e-sung'anya ] wandu ;
sung'anya
54.56, open space in a village, football bata2 i- ; ma- i-bata ; ma-bata

ground, meeting place
54.57, crowded (to be -) wumbya e-ku- e-ku-wiimbya ;
54.58, trouble, jaw moondu zero- ; zero- -moondu ; =sg
54.60, 1 . sign keeping the tradition, sign ruumo N'- ; mi n'-ruumo ; mi-ruumo
indicating that follows the
traditional custom, 2. substitute of
tradition/custom, part of the whole
traditional thing/matter
55. Po litics
55.01, govern (to -), rule sver (to-) i orokya e- e-orokya ;
55.02, law sharia zero- ; zero- -sharia ;
55.03, 55.05 tribute, tax kodi zero- ; zero- kodi ; =sg
55.04, pay tribute (to -) taa e- e-taa kodi ;
55.07, chief mangi zero- ; wa- -mangi ; w^-mangi
55.07b, minister chili N'- ; wa- n'-chili ; w^-chili
55.07c, elder, leader miku N'- ; wa- m'-miku ; wa-miku
55.07d, supervise (to -) kalya2 e- e-kalya ;
55.08, chiefs homestead mangi zero- ; wako-mangi ;
55.09, country, world r'ika u- ; ngyuu- li-r'ika ; ngyiiu-r'ika. nyuu-r'ika
55.11, boundary dasa N'- ; mi- n'-dasa ; mi-n'-dasa
55.12, border on (to -), share a border (to sumanal e- e-sumana ;
-)
55.13, world, country r'ika3 u- ; ngyuu- li-r'ika ; ngyiiu-r'ika, nyiiu-r'ika
55.15, reconstruct (after a . disaster) (to -) tana e- e-tana lyingi ;
55.16, prosper (to -) wada2 e- e-wada ] mbor'a ;
56. W ar
56.01, war fida zero- ; zero- -fida ; =sg
56.02, fight (to -) bakana e- e-bakalna ;
56.02, fight a war (to -) bakana e- e-bakana ) fida ;
56.06, win (to -), beat (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ;
56.06a, overpower (to -) emial e- 6-emia ;

.
374
56.07, defeated (to be -), beaten (to be -) kaba e- e-kabo ;
56.07b, defeated in a war (to be -), lose a Iema2 e- e-lemo ) fida ;
war (to -), (passive)
56.09,56.10 catch (an enemy, animals) (to -), wada2 e-wada ;
kidnap (to -)
56.11, captive mateka zero- ; zero- -mateka ; =sg
56.12, kill (a person) (to -) wool e- e-woo ;
56.12b, killed (to be -) wool e- e-woowo ;
56.13, choke (to -) fumba e- e-fumba ;
56.14, kill by hanging (to -) ninika e- e-ninika ;
56.15, escape <of a captive> (to -), run dicha e- e-dicha ;
away (to -)
56.17, set free (a captive) (to -), release leketa e- e-leketa ;
(to-)
56.17b, detain (to -) funga e- e-funga ;
56.18, help (sb from danger) (to -) akanya e- e-akanya ;
56.21, attack (to -), beat (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ;
56.22, protect (to -), defend (to -) r'inga e- e-r'inga ;
56.24, weapon (generic) shi2 ki- ; shi- ki-shi ; shi-shi
56.26, 1 . shout in surprise (to -), 2. set a deiya e- e -deiya ;
tarp (to -)
XIII. MENTAL LIFE
57. Feelings
57.01, please (to -) chiiiya e- e-chiiya ;
57.01a, feel pleased (to -) chiiya e- e-chiiyo ;
57.04, laugh, smile (to -) seka e- e-seka ;
57.05, laughter seka zero- ; zero- -seko ;
57.06, feel lonely (to -) lolya e- e-lolya ukiwa ;
57.06b, loneliness kiwa u- u-kiwa ;
57.07, feel sad (to -) haiya e- e-haiyo ;
57.09, 57.08 cry (to -), sob (to -) fiira e- e -fiira ;
57.10, stop cry (to -) woiya e- e-woiya ;
57.10b, stop cry (to -) deeya2 e- e-deeya efiira (> e-deeye efiira)
57.12, like a thing (to-) kunda e- e-kunda ] kindo ;
57.12b, like each other (to -) kunda e- e-kunda-na ;
57.12c, liked (to be -) kunda e- e-kundo ;
57.13, dislike (to -) swo e- e-swo ;
57.14, want (to -), love (to -), like (to -) kunda e- e-kunda ;
57.15, want to do (to -) kunda e- e-kunda e-uta (> e-kunde e-uta)
57.16, hope (to -), wish (to -) w'inyia e- e-w'inyia ;
57.17, admire (to -) tirikya e- e-tirikya ;
57.18, envy (to -), jealous (to be -) wada2 e- e-wajya kir'iso ;
57.22, fear (to -), afraid of (to be -) owuo e- e-owuo (> yo-owiio ) ;
57.23, frighten (to -) owuo e- e-owosha ;
57.24, fear wou u- u-woii ( < u-oii ) ;

375
57.25, angry (to get -) swo e- e-swo ;
57.26, anger nashi zero- ; zero- -nashi ;
57.27. feel displeased (to -) haiya e- e-haiyo ;
57.29, endure (to -), bear (to -) wada2 e-ku- e-ku-wada ;
57.31. thank (to -) ana2 e- e-ana ;
57.33, shameful/shy (to feel -), untasty (to sukal e- e-suka ;
be -)
57.39, love (to -) kunda e- e-kunda ;
57.39b, love each other (to -) kunda e- e-kunda-na ;
57.40, embrace (to -) no custom ;
57.41, was thought as one

kiss (to -) ("kiss" no custom ;
behaviour belonging to snakes or

monkeys.)
57.42b, sexual intercourse (for human semba e-semba ;
beings to have -)
57.42, 32.09 sexual intercourse (for human semba e-ku-semba ;
beings to have -)
58. Mental Activity
58.01, 58.02, memorize, remember (to -) kumbuo e- e-kumbuo ;
58.04
58.03, forget (to -) deka e- e-dekyo ;
58.05, 58.07, know (to -), understand (to -), manyal e- e-manya ;
58.26 believe (to -)
58.06, learn (to -) (lit. to teach oneself) losha e- e-ku-16sha ;
58.08, read (to -), study (to -) soma e- e-soma ;
58.09, book tabu ki- ; shi- ki-tabu ; shl-tabu
58.10, newspaper kaseti i- ; ma- 1-kasefi ; ma-kasefi
58.11, write (to -) andika e- e-andika ;
58.12, character, letter r'ufi e- e-r'ufi ; =sg

58.16, letter (mail) baruwo zero- ; zero- baruwo ;
= sg, (baruo?)
58.17, paper karitasi zero- ; ma- -karitasi ; ma-karitasi
58.18, draw a picture (to -) chor'a e- e-chor'a picha ;
58.19, picture picha zero- ; ma- -picha ; ma-picha
58.20, think (to -) sara e- e-sara ;
58.21, consider (to -) sara e- e-ku-sara ;
58.23, plan (to -) banga2 e- e-banga ;
58.24, swear (to -) aba, apa e-aba, e-apa ;
58.27. doubt shaka - ; ma- ma-shaka ;
58.27b, doubt (to -) wada2 e- e-wada mashaka ;
58.29, feel anxious (to -) ichura2 e- e-ichwo n'sia (> e-echwo n'sia)
58.29b, feel anxious (to -) wada2 e- e-wada n'sia ;
58.29c, anxiety sya N'- ; mi- n'-sya ; mi-sya
58.31, get accustomed to (to -) ichiw'ia e- e-ichiw'ia (> e-echiw'ia) :
58.33, clever (to be -) ranguya e- e-rangwo ;

376
58.35, attention (to pay -), notice (to -), adanya e-adanya ;
listen (to -)
59. Number and Counting

59.01, one su zero- -m'su ;
59.01,22.10 one thing, together mwi kiki-mwi ;
59.02, two w'iili zero- -w'iili ;
59.03, three sadul zero- n'-sadu ;
59.04, four kaana zero- -kaana ;
59.05, five saanu zero- -saanu ;
59.06, six sasadu zero- -sasadu ;
59.07, seven fungade m'- m'-fungande ;
59.08, eight nyanya ku- ku-nyanya ;
59.09, nine keenda ku- ku-keenda ;
59.10, ten kumi i- i-kumi ;
59.11, eleven kumi i- i-kumi na imwi ;
59.12, twelve kumi i- i-kumi na iw'i ;
59.13. thirteen kumi i- i-kumi na isadu ;
59.14, fourteen kumi i- i-kumi na ilnya ;
59.15, fifteen kumi i- i-kumi na tanu ;
59.16, sixteen kumi i- i-kumi na sita ;
59.17, seventeen kumi i- i-kumi na saba-
59.18, eighteen kumi i- i-kumi na nane ;
59.19, nineteen kumi i- i-kumi na tisa ;
59.20, twenty shirini i- i-shiriril ;
59.21, twenty one shirini i- i-shirini na imwi
59.22, thirty selasini zero- -selasini ;
59.23, forty arubeeni zero- -arubeeni ;
59.24, fifty amusini zero- -amusini ;
59.25, sixty sitini zero- -sitirii ;
59.26, seventy sabiini zero- -sabiini ;
59.27, eighty semanini zero- -semanini ;
59.28, ninety tisiini zero- -tisiini ;
59.29, hundred (<Sw) mia zero- -mia ;
59.30, count (to -) ekena e- e-ekena ;
59.31, many people ndu - ; wawa-ndu wafie ;
59.32, many things ndol - ; shi- shi-ndo shifie ;
59.33, a few people, small people ndu - ; wawa-ndu wantu ;
59.35, all people ndu - ; wawa-ndu woose ;
59.35b, all things ndol - ; shi- shi-ndo sho6se ;
59.36, how many people ndu - ; wa- w-ndu weenga
59.36b, how many things ndol - ; shi- shi-ndo shiinga ;
59.37, increase (to -), numerous (to engera e- e-engerika ;
become -)
59.38, decrease (to -), few (to become -) doma e-doma ;

; ;
377
59.39, exhausted (to become -) (e.g., food, sya e- e-sya ;
etc.)
59.40, remain (to -) saa2 e- e-saa ;
59.41, save (to -) saara e- e-saara ;
59.42, add (to -) engera e- e-engera ;
59.43, deduct (to -) dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo ;
59.44, divide (sth) (to -) awa e- e-awa ;
59.45, measure (to -) esha e- e-esha ;
59.46, measure esha ki- ; shi - ki-esho ; shl-esho
59.47, half enga ki- ; shi - ki-enga ; she-enga
59.48, once mwi lyi-mwi ;
59.48b, twice kabi kabi ;
59.48c, three times kadadu kadadu ;
59.48d, four times kaana zero- -kadna ;
59.49, for the first time er'i ki- kye-er'i kya kwansa ;
59.49b, for the second time er'i ki- kye-er'i kya kabi ;
59.49c, for the third time er'i ki- kye-er'i kya kadadu ;
59.49d, for the fourth time er'i ki- kye-er'i kya kaana ;
59.49e, for the fifth time er'i ki- kye-er'i kya tanu ;
59.50, the first road chial zero- ; zero- -chia ya kwansa ;
59.50b, the first tree jil N'- n'-ji o kwansa ;
59.50c, the first car kari3 i- 1-kari lya kwansa ;
59.51, the second road chial zero- ;

zero- -chla ya kabi ;
59.52, the next road chial zero- ;

zero- -chia eto tingi (> chie eto tingi)
59.52b, the next tree Jil N'- n'-ji eto ungi (> n-je etu ungi)
59.52c, the next car kari3 i- i-kari elyo lyingi / ikari itu lyingi;
59.53, 30 years old (to be -) wada2 e- e-wada mooka selasirii ;
59.54, alone muni murii ;
59.56, one person ndu N'- ri'-ndu umwi ;
59.56b, two persons ndu - ; wawa-ndu waw'i ;
59.56c, three persons ndu - ; wa- w2-ndu wadadu ;
59.56d, four persons ndu - ; wawa-ndu waana ;
59.56e, five persons ndu - ; wawa-ndu tanu ;
60. Religion
60.01, God, Creator, sun ruwal zero- ;

- ruwa ;
60.03, fear (to -) owuo e- e-owiio ;
60.04, church kanisa zero- ; ma- -kanisa ; ma-kanisa
60.05, pray (to -) ter'ewa e- e-ter'ewa ;
60.06, mosque sikiti N'- ; mi- ri'-sikifi ; mi-sikifi
60.07, fast (to -) sindal 9 e- e-sinda duu ;
60.07, without anything duul -duu ;
60.08, 60.09 devil, spirits of ancestors, spirit of a warimu zero- ; zero- -warimu ; =sg
dead person
60.08b, devil sprit which lives in a waterfall nr'uwa zero- ; zero- -nr'uwa ; =sg
60.12, witch saw'i N'- ; wa- n'-sawT ; wa-sawl
; ; ;
378
60.13, witchcraft saw'i u- ; ngyuu- u-sawT ; nyyuu-saw"
60.14, bewitch (to -) (to make sb sick or loo2 e- e-loo ;
die)
60.15, curse (to -), lay a curse upon sb (to kaba e-kaba nungu ;
-) (lit. to hit + pot)
60.15b, say a course (to -) deeya2 e- e-deeya too ;
60.15c, say a course (to -) sika e- e-sika ;
60.16,52.03 curse foo2 zero- ; zero- -foo ;
60.17, purify (to -), beg forgiveness after olokya e- e-olokya ;
one was cursed (to -)
60.20, foretell (to -), divine (to -) lashia e-lashia ;
XIV. ACTION TOWARDS THINGS

61 . Movement of Things
61.02, touch (to -) balya e- e-balya ;
61.03,61.04, seize (to -), catch (to -), get (to -), wada2 e- e-wada ;
61.06 hold (to -), possess (to -), grasp sth

in one's hand (to -)
61.03b, caught (to be -) (pass) wada2 e- e-wado ;
61.05, scoop up with one's hand (to -) daa2 e- e-daa ] n

owoko)
61.06b, pinch (a bit of salt, etc.), pinch (an chuna e-chuna ;
arm, etc.) (to -)
61.08, hold in one's arm (to -) (appl) wada2 e- e-wada mawoko-n'
61.09, hold under one's arm (to -) wada2 e- e-wajya ikelekele-n
61.10,60.15 leave (sth) (to -), abandon (to -) deeya2 e- e-deeya (= e-da)
61.11, drop (vt) (to -) olota e- e-olota ;
61.12, drop (vi) (to -), fall down (to -) oloka e- e -oloka ;
61.13, pick up (sth on the floor) (to -) eria e- e-eria ;
61.14, bring something (to -) ende e- e-ende ] kindo ;
61.15, carry away (to -), take away (to -) kamada e- e-kamada ;
61.16, leave sth (when going out) (to -), da2 e- e-da (= e-deeya)
stop (sth) (to -), abandon (to -)
61.17, carry (to -) (lit. to send oneself) dika e- e-ku-dika ;
61.18, carry (sth) on a pole (to -) no custom ;
61.19, carrying pole . not used ;
61.20, shoulder (to -) dika e- e-ku-dika ] ikoso-n'
61.21, carry (sth) on one's head (to -) dika e- e-ku-dika n'-dwe-n'
61.22, put up (sth) on one's head (to -) dika e- e-dika ] n'-dwe-n' ;
61.23, head pad, shoulder pad ngada zero- ; zero- -ngada ; =sg
61.24, carry (sth) on one's back (to -) dika e- e-ku-dika mungo-n'
61.25, bag (generic) fuko2 N'- ; mi- n'-fuko ; mi-fuko
61.25b, bag (used only in the word "urinary bofu ki- ; shi- ki-bofu ; shi-bofu
bladder")
61.25c, carrying sack, jute bag kunyia i- ma- i-kunyia ; m^-kunyit
61.26. basket for carrying kabu ki- ; shi- ki-kabu ; shi-kabu

; T
379
61.26b. basket for carrying, mat made of kucha N'- ; mi- n'-kucha ; mi-kucha
dried leaves of banana stem
61.26c, Phoenix reclinata (a kind of wild taw i l- ma- i-taw"i ; ma-taw

palm), branch (of a tree)
61.27, load, luggage, parcel kucha N'- ;mi- n'-kucha ; mi-kucha
61.28, load, luggage siko N'- ; mi' n'-siko ; mi-siko
61.29, put (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika ;
61.30, make sth approach (to -), put sth sembea e- e-sembera kufuui ;
near sth (to -)
61.31, push (sth) away (to -) sembea e- e-sembera ;
61.31b, push (sth) away (to -) sembea e- e-sembera kwacha ;
61.32, put in order (to -) banga2 e- e-banga ;
61.32b, line up (to -) banga2 e- e-ku-banga ;
61.34, spread (sth) (to -) (generic) raraka e- e-rarata ;
61.35, put into disorder (to -) saluo e- e-saluo ;
61.35b, put into disorder terribly (to -) saluo e- e-saluo-saluo ;
61.35c, scatter (to -) fula e- e-fula ;
61.35d, scatter terribly (to -) fula e- e-fula-fula ;
61.36, put in order (to -) ananisya e- e-ananisya ;
61.36b, put in order (to -), arrange (to -) banga2 e- e-banga ;
61.38,61.39 store (to -), hide (to -) suruma e- e-suruma ;
61.40, erect (sth) (to -), stand (sth) (to -) sumya e- e-sumia ;
61.41, incline (to -) ow'eta e- e-ow'eta ;
61.41b, make inclined (to -) ow'eta e- e-ow'etera ;
61.42, fall (to make -) tuula e- e-tuula ;
61.43, support (to -) shiika e- e-shilka ;
61.43b, prop shil N'- ; mi- n'-shi ; mi-shi
61.44, lean (to -), vt amisa e- e-amisa ;
61.45, put sth on sth (to -), pile up (to -) ekera e- e-sungania ;
61.45b, put sth on the top (to -) ekera e- e-ekera ;
61.46,61.47 suspend (sth on the wall/from the masa e- e-masa ;
ceiling) (to -), hang (to -)
61.48, hooked (to be -), suspended (to e-maso ;
become -)
61.50, take off sth suspended (to -) masuo e- e-masuo ;
61.51, put (to -), put in (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika ;
61.52, take out (to -), uproot (to -), remove wuta e- e-wuta ;
(to -), pull out (to -)
61.53, lift (to -) eria e- e-eria ;
61.54, pull up (to -) omwo e- e-omwo ;
61.55, load (to -), take sth up (to -), raise shamita e- e-shamita ;
(to-)
61.56, put sth down (to -) (caus) sambuka e- e-sambuta ( = e-sarambuta )
61.56b. put down (to -) (caus) sarambuka e- e-sarambuta (= e-sambuta) ;

;
380
61.56c, put down (luggage) from head (to -

) duo e- e-duo ;
61.57, abandon (to -), give up (to -) sandauta e- e-sanduta ;
(generic)
61.57b, throw (sth) away (to -) era e- e-era e-fo ;
61.58, lose (to -), misguide (to -) (vt) deta e- e-deta ;
61.59, get lost (to -) deka e- e-deka ;
61.60, pull (to -), suck out (to -) omwo e- e-omwo ( > yo-omwo)
61.61, draw (to -) r'ufuka e- e-r'ufuta ;
61.62, push (to -) sembea e- e-sembera ;
61.62b, push (to -) sukuma e- e-sukuma ;
61.63, press sth to make it smaller (to -), sinda2 e- e-sinda ;
compress (to -)
61.64, press sth to fix it (to -) sing'ir'ia e- e-sing'ir'ia ;
61.64b, drive a nail/chisel in (to -) kaba e- e-kabia ;
61.65, shake (to -) ding'isa e- e-ding'isa ;
61.66, sway (to -), winnow (to -) elal e- e-ela ;
61.67, move (sth) (to -) (vt) (caus) sembea e- e-sembera ;
61.68, swing sth around (to -) runguta e- e-rungiita ;
61.69, gather (to -) sung'ania, e- e-sung'ania / e-sung'anya

sung'anya
61.70, cover (to -), fill a hole (to -) shikya e- e-shikya ;
61.71, uncover (to -) shikya e- e-shikwo ;
61.72, wrap up (to -) ososa e- e-ososia ;
61.75, put in with force (to -) sinda2 e- 6-sinda ;
61.75b, put in properly (to -) (lit. to arrange banga2 e- e-banga nicha ;
+good)
61.76, box bokisi i- ; ma- i-bokisi ; ma-boklsi
61.78, turn around (to -), turn over (to -) rew'eka e- e-rew'eka ;
61.79, turn around (to make sth -) rew'eka e- e-rew'eta ;
61.80, face (towards) sth (to make sth -) rew'eka e- e-rew'etya ;
61.81, face sth (to -), look at (to -) n'la e- e-n'la ;
61.83, turn over (to make sb -) rew'eka e- e-rew'eto ;
61.84, turn over (to make sth -), draw an aluo e- e-aluo ;
irrigation canal (to -)
61.85, roll (to -) birimika e- e-birimika ;
61.86, roll (to make -) birimika e- e-birimita ;
61.87, disperse (to -) raraka e- e-rar^ka ;
61.87b, scatter (to -) raraka e- e-rarata ;
62. Connecting and Disconnecting
62.01, tie (a knot) (to -) tur'uchuka e- e-tur'iichuya ;
62.02, untie (to - intentionally) tur'uchuka e- e-tur'iichwo ;
62.03, loosen/untied (to become - tur'uchuka e- e-tur'uchuka ;
naturally)
; ; ;;
381
62.04, knot tur'uchuka ki- ; shi- ki-tur'uchwo ; shi-tur'iichuo
62.05, join (to -), connect (to -) lunga e- e-lunga ;
62.05b, connect strings (to -), connect (with lunga e- e-lunga nr'uu ;
nails or by tying) (to -)
62.06, connect sticks (to -) lunga e- 6-lunga ] shidi ;
62.07,62.11 paste (to -) ambya2 e- e-ambya ;
62.07b, paste this with that (to -) ambya2 e- e-ambya eki na kya ;
62.12, pasted up (to be already - ), pasted ambya2 e- e-ambyo ;
up (to be - by sb )
62.15, bundle (to make a -) alya e- e-alya ;
62.17, wind around (to -) runguta e- e-rungiitya ;
62.18, tighten (to -) wangisa e- e-wangisa ;
62.19, loosen (to -) boromuo e- e-boromuo ;
62.20, loose (for a nail/something tied to erengede e- e-erengede ;
become -)
62.21, leather strap kanda2 N'- ; mi- n'-kanda ; mi-kanda
62.22, wire nr'aachi zero-, zero- n-r'aachi ; =sg

62.24, poke in (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika ;
62.25, pull out (to -) omwo e- e-omwo (> y6-omwo)

62.26, come out (for sth poked in) (to -) uka e- e-uka ;
62.27, hit in (a nail) (to -) kaba e- e-kabia ;
62.28, loose (for a nail) (to become -) erengede e- e-erengede ;
63. Transformation
63.01,63.05 bend (to -), fold (to -) lemal e- e-lema ;
63.02, bent (to become -) lemal e- e-lemo ;
63.03, 63.06 straighten (sth bent) (to -), unfold oroka e- e-orota (> y6-orota)
(to -), stand up (to make sb -), fix a
recalcitrant person (to -)
63.04, straight (to become - ; stative) oroka e- 6-oroka ( > yo-oroka)
63.04b, straightened (to be -) (pass) oroka e- e-oroto ( > y6-oroto) ;
63.05b, fold many times (to -), wind (to -) lemal e- e-lem^-lema ;
63.07, twist (to -) ososa e- e-os6sa (> yo-ososa)
63.08, twisted (to be - by), twisted (to be ososa e- e-os6so ;
already -)
63.09, flatten (metal) (to -) oroka e- e-orota ;
63.09b, flatten uneven land/field (to -) ananisya e- e-an^nisya ;
63.10, flat (for metal etc. to become -) oroka e- e-oroka ;
63.10b, flat (for uneven land/field to be -) sumana2 e- e-sumana ;
63.11, make round (a paper, etc.) (to -) umba2 e- e-umba (> yu-umba ) ;
63.12, round (to become -) wa2 e- e-wa n'-firlngo ;
63.12b, round state (<Sw?) firingo N'- ;mi- n'-firingo ; mi-firlngo
63.13, rub (to -) singa2 e- e-singa ;
63.14, polish (to -) (lit. to kaba e- e-kaba shaadii rang! ;
beat+shoes+colour/polish)
63.15, whet (to -), sharpen the edge (to -) wada2 e- e-wada-wada ;
382
63.15b, whet (to -), sharpen the edge (to -) nwol e-nwo ;
63.16, whetstone wee2 i-wee lya ewadawada ; ma-wee

ewadawada
63.17, sharpen (to make -), reduce the e-sisira ;
girth (to -)
63.17b, sharpen (to -) amia e- e-amira ;
63.17c, sharpened (to be - by sb) amia e- e-amiro ;
63.18, sharpened (to become -) amia e- e-amia ;
63.18b, sharpened (to be -) sisia e- e-sisiro ;
63.19, swell (to -) shimba e- e-shimba ;
63.20, tangled (to get -) tambisa e-ku- e-ku-timbisa ;
63.21, entangle (to -) tambisa e- e-tambisa ;
63.22, untangle (to -) oromwo e- e -oromwo ;
63.23, stretch out (to -) oroka e- e-orota ;
63.24, make short (to -) fiisha e- e-fiisha ;
63.25, squeeze (to -) sing'ir'ia e- e-sing'ir'ia ;
64. Cutting and Breaking
64.01, cut (e.g., thread, cloth, paper, meat, manya2 e-manya ;
vegetable, maize stalk, sugar-cane,

banana stem, etc.) (to -)
64.01b, remove by cutting (to -) wuta e- e-wuta ;
64.01c, chop (e.g., tree, firewood, dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo

sugar-cane, neck, etc.) (to -), cut
(to -), chopped (to be -), consensus
(to reach a -)
64.01 d. chopped (to be -) (pass) dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo ;
64.02, tear off a small portion from sth (to bara e- e-bara ;
-), divide (to -)
64.03, cut into pieces (to -) dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo-dum'bwo
64.04, cut with a knife (to -), chop with a w'yaa e- e-w'yaa ;
knife (to -)
64.04b, slice (to -), cut (meat) into pieces w'yaa e- e-w'yaa-w'yaa ;
(to-)
64.05, cut (paper) (to -) dum'bwo e- e-dum'bwo kar'itasi ;
64.06, snap (to -), break (to -) doota e- e -doota ;
64.07. snapped (to be -), broken (to be -) doota e- e-do6to ;
(pass)
64.07b, snapped (to be already -), broken doota e- e-dooka ;
(to be already -) (stat)
64.08, cook (mush) (to -), mix (sth) (to -), rya2 e-rya ;
stir with a stirring rod (to -)
64.09, mixed (to be -) rya2 e- e-ryo ;
64.11. trample many times (to -) wajya e- e-wajya-wajya
64.12, prod (with a stick) (to -) docha e- e-docha ;
64.13, hit (sb) (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ;

383
64.13b, hit severely (to -) buula e- e-buiila ;
64.14, tear (to -) r'ambuo e- e-r'ambuo ;
64.14b, tear paper (to -) r'ambuo e- e-r'ambuo kar'itashi ;
64.14c, tear (to -) r'atuka e- e-r'atuo ;
64.14d, tear a cloth (to -) r'atuka e- e-r'atuo ] ri'-guo ;
64.15, crack (to -), split (to -) bara e- e-bara ;
64.16, 64.17 cracked (to become -), break into barika e- e-barika ;
pieces (to -), vi
64.18, broken into pieces (to become -) sanika e- e-sanika-sanika ;
64.18b, disintegrated (to become -) sanika e- e-sanika ;
64.19, break (to -) bara e- e-bara ;
64.19b, spoiled/broken (to be already -) haiya e- e-haiya ;
(stat)
64.19c, spoil (a machine) (to -) aribu e- e-aribu ;
64.20, spoiled (to become -) aribika e- e-aribika ;
64.21, split (a branch) (to -) doota e- e-doota ;
64.22, split (to be -) doota e- e-dooto ;
64.23, break a house (to -), destroy (to -) doota m'-ba e- e-doota ] m'-ba ;
65. Other Kinds of Actions
65.01, collect (to -) sungania, e-sung'ania / e-sung'anya

sung'anya
65.02, compare (to -), make change ananisya e-ananisya ;
materials the same size (to -), level

(to-)
65.03, choose (to -), select (to -) sambura e- e-sambura ( = e-sambuo ) ;
65.03b, select (to -), choose (to -) sambwo3 e- e-sambwo (= e-sambura )
65.03c, selected (to be -), choosen (to be sambura e- e-samburo ;
65.04, surpass (to -), over than (to be -) eda e- e-eda ;
65.04b, exceed (to -) (lit. to be over than -

eda e- e-eda ] keesho ;
measure)
65.05, surpass (to -) baria e- e-baria ;
65.05b, clever (to be -) ranguya e- e-rangwo ;
65.05c, cleverer (to be -) ranguya e- e-ranguya ;
65.05d, tall (to be -) leeya e- e-leeya ;
65.05e, taller (to be -) leeya e- e-leiya ;
XV. THINGS
66. Parts of Things
66.01, tip, point, head dwe N 1

- ; mi- n'-dwe ; mi-dwe
66.02, end (of a thing/road) shinga zero- ; zero- -shinga ;
66.03, piece enga ki- ; shi- ki-enga ; she-enga
66.04, slice baro2 ki- ; shi- ki-baro ; shi-baro
66.05, hole (on ground) rina2 zero- ; ma- -rina ; ma-rina
66.05b, hole (of a tube, pipe) rocho i- ; ma- i-rocho ; ma-rocho
66.06, make a hole (to -) docha e- e-docha 1 irocho (-
erocho)
384
66.07, side of body, side of living being wari2 u- ; N'- u-wari ; -mbari (< ni'- wari?)
66.07b, direction to (swh) taar'i zero- ; zero- -taar'i ; =sg
66.08, surface wuye wuye ;
66.09, the reverse numa zero- ; zero- -numa ; =sg
66.10, bottom, inside bottom, down shimbai zero- shimbai ; =sg
66.11, corner kona zero- ; zero- -kona ; =sg
67. Relation to Things
67.01, front, in front of, face shangu ki- ; shi- ki-shangu ; shi-shangu
67.02, rear, in back of, at the back of kari2 zero- ; zero- kari ; =sg
67.03, space between two things anya mu- mi- ; mw-anya ; mi-anya
67.03b, between idi ki-;- ki-idi kya ;
67.04, centre, middle idi ki-;- ki-idi ;
67.05, up, top, above, upward wuye wuye ; =sg
67.06, down, under, below shimbai zero- shimbai ;
67.06b, down, mourning dembo zero- ; ma- -dembo ; ma-dembo

67.07, inside idi kiki-idi ;
67.08b, outside, home, area where you live bo zero- ; zero-, N' bo, m'-bo ;
67.08b, beside, around, at the side, mbar'i-n' mbaVi-n' ;
67.09, left lutaamba lutaamba ;
67.10, left hand woko u- ; ma- u-woko lutaamba ;
67.11, right lucha lucha ;
67.12, right hand woko u- ; ma- u-woko ] liicha ;
67.13, near, nearer place fuuya ku- ku-fuui ;
67.14, beside, around, at the side, mbar'i-n' mbar'i-n' ;
67.15, the other side taar'i zero- ; zero- -taaVi ingi ;
67.15b, opposite to (to be -) sumana3 e- e-sumana ;
67.16, near, near place fuuya ku- ku-fuui ;
67.17, far, far place, distant place acha ku- ku-acha ;
67.18, behind numa -numa ;
67.19, there is/are (in somewhere) ku-ufo ku- kii-ufo ; =sg
67.19b, there is/are (at definite/indefinite ku-yio ku- kii-yio ; =sg

place)
68. Colours and Shapes
68.01, colour fan a zero- ; zero- fana ;
68.02, red colour fan a zero- -fana ya samu ;
68.03, red stone wee2 i- ; ma- i-wee lya samu ;
68.03b. red stone wee2 s' ; ma- i-wee lyifane samu ; ma-wee
afane samu
68.04. red (to become -) fana e- e-fana samu ;
68.04b, colour (to bear a -) fana e- e-fana ;
68.04c, red (lit. colour of blood) samu e- -samu ;
68.05, white eeo u- w-eeo (< u-eeo) ;
68.06, white stone wee2 i- ; ma- i-wee lyeeo ; ma-wee meeo

68.07, white (to be -; sth of Noun class 5) fana e- e-fana ly-eeo ;
68.08. blackness wuu u- wuu (< u-uu ?) ;

385
68.09, black stone wee2 i- ; ma- l-wee lyuu ; m^-wee muu
68.10, black (to be -) fan a e- e-fana wuu ;
68.11, blue buluu zero- ; zero- buluu ;
68.12, green (lit. < ma-are, leaves) are ki-ma- ki-maare-maare ;
68.12b, yellow manjanu zero- manjanu ;
68.13, change colour (to -) (vt) alacha e- e-alachika fana ;
68.13b, change (to -) alacha e- e-aldchika ;
68.14, spot wara i- ; ma- i-wara ; ma-wara
68.14b, stripe saanga zero- ; zero- saanga ; =sg
68.15, spot (to have -) w'ika e- e-w'ika mawara ;
68.16, dye (to -) w'ika e- e-w'ika fana ;
68.20, draw (a picture/line) (to -) tarwo e- e-tarwo ;
68.21, it is ki kei kl kei ;
68.22, resemble (to -), similar to (to be -) waka e- e-waka ;
68.24, different (to be -), stay (to -) kaal e- e-kaa ;
68.24b, different thing ngata kiki-ndo kya ngata ] ingi ;
68.24c, strange thing ngata kiki-ndo kya ngata ;
XVI. NATURAL PHENOMENA

69. Nature
69.01, sky (lit. in the sun) ruwal zero- ruwe-n' ;
69.02, sun, God ruwal zero- ;

- rawa ;
69.03, moon, month ir'i mu- mi- ; mw-irT ; mi-irT
69.04, dawn (to -), go up (for the sun) (to kurie e- e-kurie ;
-), wake up (to -)
69.04b, come up (for the sun) (to -), raise aluka e- e-aluka ;
(to -), go up (to -), climb up (to -)
69.05, go down (for the sun) (to -), drop oloka e- e-oloka ;
(to-)
69.05b, set (for the sun) (to -), sink (to -), oloka e-olokia ;
drop to (to -)
69.05, go down (for the sun) (to -) ela2 e- e-ela ;
69.06, dawn (to -), grow light in the east kya2 e- e-kya ;
(to-)
69.08, star nyinyir'i2 zero- ; zero- -nyinyir'i ; =sg

69.11, cloud fichi i- ; ma- 1-fichi ; ma-fichi
69.11b, cloudy (to be -), gloomy (to be -) shimba e- e-shimba ;
69.13, fog, mist musu-musu i- ;

- i-niusu-musu ;
69.14, rain mbwo zero- ; zero- -mbwo ; =sg

69.14b, hail saao - ; ma- ma-saio ;
69.14b, rain with hail mbwo zero- ; zero- -mbwo ya masaao

69.15, rain (to -), beat (to -) kaba e- e-kaba ;
69.16, continuous rain sie ki- ; shi- ki-sie ; shi-sie
69.17, clear and become less humid (to -) aduka e- e-aduka ;
69.19, vapour, mist musu-musu i- ;

-
i-musu-musu ;
; :
386
69.20, rainbow (It is believed that a kori i-kori ; ma-kori

rainbow is what an evil spirit in a
waterfall has grown.)
69.21, clear up (to -) aduka e- e-aduka ;
69.21b, clear day, fine day ukwadusu ku-ukwadusu / ku-ukwadusu ;
69.22, lightning waruka u- ngyuu- u-waruka ; ngyuu-waruka
69.23, lighten (to -) mika e- e-mika ;
69.24, thunder kururuma i- ma- i-kururuma ; ma-kururuma
69.25, thunder (to -), speak (to -) dedal e- e-deda ;
69.27, dew chu N'- ; mi- n'-chu ; mi-chu
69.28, wind kuma N'- ; mi- n'-kuma ; mi-kuma
69.29, blow (to -), blow with mouth (to -) w'iw'ika e- e-w'iw'ika ;
69.29, hear the wind blowing (to -) ona e- e-ona ;
69.32, blown away (to be -) (pass) w'iw'ika e- e-w'iw'ito ;
69.33, shelter from the sun (to -) owa e- e-owa kiricho-n' ;
69.33b, shelter from the sun (to -) suruma e- e-suruma kiricho-n' ;
69.34, severe <of the sun> (to be -) chal e- e-cha e-akaa (> e-cha-akaa)
69.35, hide from the rain (to -), avoid the owa e- e-owa mbuo ;
rain (to -)
69.36, air hewa zero- ; zero- hewa ;
69.37, east no word ;
69.38, west no word ;
69.39, south sinde sinde ;
69.40, north ndool -ndoo ;
70. Light and Sound
70.01,70.02, shine (to -), glitter (for metal to -), maka e-maka
70.03 twinkle (for stars to -)
70.04, light (<Sw?) angasa mo-, mu- ;mi- mo-angasa / mu-angasa

mi-angasa
70.07, daylight, sunlight mbari zere- -mbari ;
70.08, moonlight, moon ir'i mu- mw-irT ;
70.09, darkness reema zero- -reema ;
70.10, shade, shadow, richo ki- ; shi- ki-richo ; shi-richo
70.10b, hideous shadow, unwanted shadow richo i- ; ma- i-ki-richo ; ma-shi-richo
70.11, dark (to get -) ela2 e- e-ela ;
70.12, get bright (by the sun, a candle) (to kya2 e- e-kya ;
-)
70.12b, get bright (by the sun, a candle) (to pambauka e- e-pambauka ;
-)
70.13, torch mwii ki- ; shi- ki-mwii ; shi-mwii
70.13b, electric torch (<Eng) toochi zero- ; zero- -toochi ; =sg
70.14, lamp (traditional -) dude ki- ; shi- ki-dude ; shi-dude
70.15, light a lamp (to -) atal e- e-ata kidude ;
70.16, lit (for a lamp to become -) ato e- e-ato ;
70.17, shine (sth) (to -) mika e- e-mika ;

387
70.22, rumble (to -) dina2 e- e-dina ;
70.23,50.13 quiet completely (to be -) woiya e- e-wolya sau ;
70.23b, quiet (for a person to be - woiya e- e-woiya ;
(or a person to keep -)
70.23c, completely sau sau ;
70.23d, noisy (to be -) kirenge e-kaba kirenge ;
70.24, calm place ndo2 a- ; ku- a-ndo kwoiye ] sdu ; ku-ndo

kwoiye ] su
70.25, noisy town ndo2 a- ; ku- ando kuwode kirenge ; ku-ndu

kuwode kirenge
70.25b, noisy (to be -) wada2 e- e-wada kirenge ;
70.25c, noise renge ki- ; shi- ki-renge ; shi-renge
XVII. THE EARTH

71. Geographical Features
71.01, mountain, hill lima N'- ; mi- n'-lima ; mi-lima
71.01b, impossible (to be -) lema2 e- e-lema ;
71.02, hill lima N'- ; mi- n'-lima ; ml-lima
7 1 .03, top of a mountain wuye wuye a ) n'-lima ; wuye a ]
mi-lima
71.04, slope birimika ki- ; shi- ki-birimiko ; shi-birimiko
71.05, cliff wanga u- ; ngyuu- u-wanga ; nguu-wanga
71.06, in a valley (lit. in cliff) wanga u- u-wange-n' ;
71.07, hollow, cave (small -), fork on a mbako zero- ; zero- -mbako ;
= sg
road
71.07b, cave (big cave where people and ndeshe zero- ; zero- -ndeshe ; =sg
cattle areevacuated in war time)
71.08, forest tudu N'- ; mi- n'-tudu ; mi-tudu
71.13,33.01 bush, uncultivated land ngara zero- ; zero- -ngara ;
71.13b, bush, uncultivated land ngaracho zero- ; zero- -ngaracho (= ngara) ;
71.15, land, soil ter'i zero- ; zero- -terT ;
72. Rivers
72.01, river, water muda zero- ; zero- -muda ;

sg
72.01b, irrigation, irrigation stream, canal fongo N'- ; mi- n'-fongo ; mi-fongo
72.01c, irrigate (to -) nisa e- e-nisa ;
72.0 1 d, crossing point of a river, gutter of lalo i- ; ma- i-lalo ; ma-lalo

irrigation stream (made of woods)
72.01e, entrance of water from a river into r'uw'io ki- ; shi- kl-r'uw'io ; shi-r'uw'io
each irrigation stream
72.02, water stream from "mbora", spring mbora2 zero- ; zero- -mbora ; =sg
in a river
72.03, sea no word ;
72.04, wave no word ;
72.05, lake no word ;
72.06, 72.06b pond, dam (artificial -) ruwa2 zero- ; ma- -ruwa ; ma-ruwa
388
72.07, specific name of a swamp mashangala zero- -mashangala ;
72.08, spring in a river mbora2 zero- ; zero- -mbora ; =sg

72.09, basin of a waterfall nr'uwa zero- ; zero- -nr'uwa ; =sg
72.10, 1 . way of water <after the rain>, 2. fu3 N'- ; N'- n'-fu ;
dead person
72.11, deep place in the river, pond ruwa2 zero- ; ma- -niwa ; ma-ruwa
72.12, deep (to be -), long (to be -), high leeya e- e-leeya ;
(to be -)
72.13, shallow place in the river, short fuuya ku- ku-fuui

distance
72.14, shallow, short, near (to be -) fuuya e- e-fuiiya ;
72.16, upstream (to go -) aluka e- e-aluka na ] muda ;
72.16b, upstream (to go -) shaama e- e-shaama na ] muda

72.18,46.13 go downstream (to -) shoka e- e -shoka na ] muda ;
72.18b, 46.14 downstream (to go -) oloka e- e -oloka na ] muda ;
72.21, waterfall nyile i- ; ma- i-nyile ; md-nyile
72.22, flood muda zero- -muda ] 6-cha ;
72.25, bank (of a river) no word ;
72.26, island no word ;
72.27, remain on the surface of water (to elea e- e-elea ;
-)
72.28, float up (to -) fuluya e- e-fuluya ;
72.29, sink (to -), apologize (to -) oloka e- e-olokia ;
72.32, go (for water to -), flow (to -) (lit. shoka e- e-shoka ;
go to the south)
72.33,45.38 cross (a river) (to -), jump over (a tola e- e-tola ] muda ;
river) (to -)
72.33b, cross (a river) (to -) ruuka e- e-ruuka ;
72.33c, cross (a road/river) (to -) tola e- e-tola ;
72.34, bridge tara ki- ; shi- kl-tara ; shi-tara
72.35, crossing point of a river ruuko zero- ; ma- -ruuko ; m^-ruuko
72.35b, crossing point of a river, log bridge lalo i- ; ma- i-lalo ; ma-lalo
72.36, build a bridge (to -) tana e- e-tana ilalo ;
72.38, dangerous bridge lalo i- ; ma- i-lalo lyichoowoshaa ;

ma-lalo
achoowoshaa
72.39, cross a river on foot (to -) foyia e- e-foyia ;
72.40, log bridge lalo i- ; ma- i-lalo ; ma-lalo
72.42, canoe no word ;
72.45, swim (to -) kelea e- e-kelea ;
72.46, dive (to -), jump into water (to -) kuru2 e- e-kaba ) ri'-kuru ;
72.46b, dive (N) kuru2 N'- ; mi- ri'-kuru ; mi-kuru
72.47,46.14 enter the water (to -), go into the oloka e- e-oloka 1 miide-n' ;
water (to -)
72.47b, come out of the water (to -), come wuka e- e-wuka ;
from (to -)
; ; ;
389
72.48, come out of the water (to -) wuka e- e-wuka mude-n' ;
72.49, muddy (for water) (to be -) wa2 e- e-wa madodo ;
72.50, muddle (to -) forongota e- e-forongota ;
72.50b, muddle by stirring (to -) forongota e- e-forongota muda ;
72.52, clean (for water) (to become -) wadama e- e-wad<ima ;
73. Earth and Minerals
73.01, ground, floor ter'i zero- ; zero- -ter'i ;
73.02, stone wee2 i- ; ma- 1-wee ; m^-wee
73.03, heap up (to -) wumbya e- e-wumbya ;
73.04, rock (lit. big stone) wee2 i- ; ma- 1-wee lying 'a-n' ; ma-wee
ang'a-n'
73.06, sand sanga N'-;- n' -sanga ;
73.06b, dirty sands sanga N'-;- ri'-sanga afie ;
73.08, brownish clay to be plastered on the tala zero- ; zero- -tala ;
wall of a round house
73.10, red soil ter'i zero- ; zero- -ter'i ya samu ;
73.10b, black soil ter'i zero- ; zero- -ter'i ngyuu ;
73.11, white clayish soil to be plastered on sena zero- ; zero- -sena ;
the wall of a round house
73.12, iron, metal minya zero- ; zero- minya ; =sg
73.13, rusty (to become -) kaba e- e-kaba kutu ;
73.13b, rust kutu zero- ; zero- kutu ;
73.15, lead (of metal) am bo i- ; ma- y-ambo ; ma-ambo

73.18, mud dodo i- ; ma- i-dodo ; m^-dodo
73.19, hole (on ground) rina2 zero- ; ma- -rina ; ma-rina
73.19b, hollow, cave (small -) mbako zero- ; zero- -mb3ko ; =sg

73.20, dig a hole in the ground (to -) suma e- e-suma ] rina ;
73.21, fill up a hole (to -) echura e- e-echiira ;
73.24, bury (to -) shikya e- e-shikya ;
73.25, disinter (to -), dig out (to -) suma e- e-suma ;
73.25b, disinter (to -), dig out (to -) lukuo e- e-lukuo ;
73.26, stick (sth) into the ground (to -) docha e- e-dochia ;
73.27, ram (a stick into the ground) (to -) kaba e- e-kabia ;
XVIII. TIME
74. Time
74.01, 74.02 time, period er'i ki- ; shi- ki-er'i (> kye-er'i)
74.02b, at the moment when er'i kiki-er'i ky6 ;
74.03, day konu N'- ; mi- n'-konu ; mi-konu
74.03b, nowadays konu N'- ; mi- mi-konu eyi ;
74.03c, four days after ileeda, ikeeda ileeda / ikeeda ;
74.03d, four days ago ileshia ileshia ;
74.04, daytime, afternoon saniini u- u-saniini ;
74.04b, during a daytime er'i kiki-er'i kya usaniini (
6saniini)
74.05, morning tiko u-tiko ( ngama )

; ; ;
390
74.05b, every morning kila ngama kila ngama ;
74.06, noon, daytime saniini u- ;

- u-saniini ;
74.07, evening kow'iini N'-, ki- ; mi- ri'-kow'iini / ki-kow'i

ml-kow'iini
74.08, night o2 ki- ; shi- ki-o ( > ky-o ) ; shi-o
74.10,74.05a dawn, morning ngama zero- -ngama ;
74.11, the day before yesterday cho i- i-cho ;
74.12, yesterday kou u- u-kou ;
74.13, today nul i- ; e- i-nu / e-nu ;
74.14, tomorrow desi desi ;
74.15, the day after tomorrow lau lau ;
74.16, every day kila n'-konu kila n'-konu ;
74.16b, every day (Kiw'oso origin) o2 6 n'-konu ;
74.17, week jumaa i- ; ma- i-jumaa ; ma-jumaa
74.18, month, moon ir'i mu- mi- ; mw-irT ; mi-irT
74.19, year mooka zero- ; zero- -mooka ; =sg

74.20, olden times, long ago, the past kancha kancha ;
74.21, recently, a little bit ago kancha kancha kintu ;
74.21b, a few days ago icho-icho e- icho-icho ;
74.21c, for a short while dakika zero- ; zero- -dakika eto tiichaa ;
74.22, now laalu laalu ;
74.22b, right now laalu laalu kudi ;
74.23, 74.24 soon, within the same day, ngoma -ngoma ;
afterwards, later on
74.24, a little later, shortly, soon dakika zero- ; zero- -dakika eto tiichaa ;
74.25, dry season rangita ki- ; shi- ki-rangita ; shi-rangiti
74.26, rainy season (season of long and sie ki- ; shi- ki-sie ; shi-sie
constant rain)
74.26b, rainy season (short rainy season mateer'i zero- ; zero- -mateer'i ; =sg
with heavy shower)
74.27, harvesting season ki-er'i ke sambuo (< kier'i ka

esambwo)
74.27b, planting season er'i kiki-er'i ke wakya (< kier'i ka

ewakya)
74.27c, weeding season kiki-er'i ke demia (< kier'i ka

edemia)
74.28, hour saa4 zero- ; ma- -saa ; nici-saa
74.28b. three hours saa4 zero- l ma- ma-saa adadu ;
74.29, three o'clock saa4 zero- saa tisa ;
74.30, minute dakika zero- ; zero- -dakika ;
74.30b, five minutes (< Sw) dakika zero- ; zero- dakika tanu ;
74.31, what time? saa4 zero- saa iinga? (saa+i > see+e)/
iinga? ;
74.32, in time (to be -), early (to be -) lawa e- e-lawa ;
74.33, late (to be -) cheleo e- e-cheleo ;

; ;
391
74.36, vacation (long -) lifu zero- ;

zero- -lifu ;
74.37, January (lit. month +of +one) ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o kwansa ;
74.37b, February (lit. month +of +two) ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o kabi ;
74.37c, March (lit. month +of +three) ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o kadadu ;
74.37d, April (lit. month +of +four) ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o kaana ;
74.37e, May (lit. month +of +five) ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o tanu ;
74.37f, June (lit. month +of +six) ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o sita ;
74.37g, July (lit. month +of +seven) ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o saba ;
74.37h, August (lit. month +of +eight) ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o narii ;
74.37i, September (lit. month +of +nine) ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o tisa ;
74.37J, October (lit. month +of +ten) ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o ikumi ;
74.37k, November (lit. month +of +eleven) ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o ikumi na umwi ;
74.371, December (lit. month +of +twelve) ir'i mu- mw-ir'i o ikumi na kabi ;
74.38, Monday juma zero- -jiimatatu ;
74.38b, Tuesday juma zero- -juman'ne ;
74.38c, Wednesday juma zero- -jumatanu ;
74.38d, Thursday nyalaamisi nyalaamisi ;
74.38e, Friday ijumaa zero- -Ijumaa ;
74.38f, Saturday juma zero- -jumamoosl ;
74.38g, Sunday juma zero- -jumapili ;
74.39, date taree zero- ;

zero- taree ;
74.40, last month ir'i mu- mw-ir'i ulesya ;
74.41, this month ir'i mu- mw-ir'i tu / mw-ir'i etu ;
74.42, next month ir'i mu- mw-ir'i uucha ;
74.46, four days ago suku2 zero- ; zero- suku iinya tilesia ;
74.47, four days after suku2 zero- ; zero- suku iinya tilchaa ;
74.50, since (yesterday) uka ukya ukou ( > ukyo + okou )
74.51, until tomorrow mpaka desi mpaka desi ;
74.53, often mara mara kifie ;
74.54, always (lit. every+times) kila kila keer'i ;
74.55, again lyingi lyingi ;
74.56, nowadays suku2 zero- ;

zero- suku (e)ti
74.56, day suku2 zero- ;

zero- -suku ; =sg
XIX. NATURE OF THINGS

75. Nature of Things
75.01, good book cha2 ki- ; shi- kl-tabu ] kicha ; shi-tabu ] shicha
75.01b, good (to be -) chia2 e- e-chia ;
75.01c, goodness cha2 u- u-cha ;
75.02, bad book w'icho ki- ; shi- ki-tabu kiw'icho ; shi-tabu

shiw'icho
75.03, bad (to be -) haiya e- e-haiya ;
75.04, badness w'icho u- u-w'icho ;
75.05, big dog ng'ana ki- ; shi- ki-te ki-ng'an-e ; shi-te shing'ane
75.05b, big person ng'ana N'- ; wa- n'-ndu a-ng'an-e ; wa-ndu

wang'ane
;
392
75.06c, big (to be -) ng'ana e- e-ng'ana ;
75.07, bigness niini u- u-niini ;
75.08, small dog ntu ki- ; shi- ki-te ] kintu ; shi-te ] shlntu
75.08a, small person (in size) ndu N'- ; wari'-ndu muntu ; wa-ndu wantu
75.09, small (to be -) doma e- e-doma ;
75.10, smallness tu u- ;
- u-tu (not "u-ntu")
75.10b, something small ntu mu- mu-ntu ;
75.10c, compress (to -), compact (to -) sinda2 e- e-sinda ;
75.11, long stick leeya ki- ; shi- ki-di kileeye ; sh'i-di shileeye
75.11b, tall person leeya N'- ; wari'-ndu aleeye ; wd-ndu waleeye
75.12, long (to be -) leeya e- e-leeya ;
75.13, 1 ) length, weight, depth, 2) esha ki- kl-esho ;
measurement, dimensions
75.13b, length (lit. dimension+of+to be esha ki- kl-esho ke leeya ;
long)
75.13c, height (lit. dimension+of+to go esha kiki-esho ke shaama wuye ;
up+sky)
75.13d, depth (lit. dimension+of+to be esha ki- kl-esho ke olokya ;
deep)
75.13e, length, depth, height r'efu u- u-r'efu ;
75.13f, unitof length (a span between the woko u- ; ma- u-woko ; ma-woko
thumb and the forefinger stretched
)
75.13g, unit of length (one stride) ayo u- ; ngy- li-wayo (< u-ayo) ; ngy-ayo
75.14, short stick (lit. stick which is short) dil ki- ; shi- ki-di kifuui ; shi-di shifuui
75.14b, short log fuuya i- ; ma- 1-kongo lyifuui ;
75.15, short (to be -) fuuya e- e-fuiiya ;
75.16, shortness fuuya u- u-fuui ;
75.17, heavy stone wee2 i- ; ma- i-wee lyicheemiaa ; ma-wee

acheemia
75.17b, heavy person emia2 N'- ; wa- acheemiaa

ri'-ndu ; wa-ndu
wacheemiaa
75.18, heavy (to be -) emia2 e- e-emia ;
75.19, weight, heaviness sito u- ; ngyuu- u-sito ; ngyuu-sito
75.19b, weight, heaviness emia2 u- u-emerl ;
75.20, light stone wee2 i- ; ma- i-wee lyaangu ; ma-wee maangu

75.21, light (in weight) (to be -) angwo e- e -angwo ;
75.22, lightness aangu u- li-aangu ;
75.24, hot (to be become -) sha2 e- e-sha ;
75.25, cold milk delela - ; ma- ma-lela aadelelaa ;
75.26, hot milk sha2 - ; ma- malela aashaa ;
75.26b, It is hot. (for the weather, fire, fo3 kwi-fo irike / kuu-fo irike ;
temperature of a body, etc.)
75.28, It is cold, (for the weather) ku-ufo ku- ku-ufo rri'-byoo ;
75.28b, coldness byoo zero- ; zero- -mbyoo ;

a ;
393
Word No English KiwosoS Prefix Word (sg; pi)
75.29, cold (for milk etc.) (to become -) delela e- e-delela ;
75.30, strong person wada2 N'- ; wa- awode

ri'-ndu finya ; wa-ndu
wawode finya
75.31, strong (to be -) wada2 e- e-wada finya ;
75.32,75.33 strength, force finya zero- ; zero- finya ;
75.34, weak person (lit. person+who tura N'- ; wa- n'-ndu aturie finya ; wa-ndu
lacks+strength) waturie finya
75.35, weak (to be-) (lit. lack+strength) tura e- e-tura finya ;
75.36, weakness no word ;
75.37, strong rope wada2 N'- ; wa- kyo-owo kiwode finya ; sho-owo
shiwode finya
75.38, new knife andu ki- shi- ki-andu ] kisha ; shi-andu ] sh'isha
75.39, used knife kuu2 ki- shi- ki-andu ] kikuu ; shi-andu ] shikuu
75.40, high mountain leeya N'- ;mi- ri'-lima uleeye ; mi-lima ileeye
75.40b, deep cave leeya zero- ; zero -ndeshe ileeya ; -ndeshe tileeye
75.40c, high (to be -) leeya e- e-leeya ;
75.41, height (lit. dimension+of+to be leeya kiki-esho kya eleeya ; shi-esho sha
high) eleeya
75.41b, height r'efu u- u-r'efu ;
75.42, low mountain fuuya N'- ; mi- n'-lima n'-fuui ; mi-lima mi-fuiii
75.42b, low (to be -) fuuya e- e-fuiiya ;
75.43, sharp knife amia ki- shi- ki-andu kiami ; shi-andu shaami
75.43b, nonstop talker, one who makes a amia N'- ; wa- li'-ndu mwami ; w^-ndu waami
great fuss
75.44, sharp (to be already -) amia e- e-amia ( > ya-amia)
75.45, dull knife tushia ki- shi- ki-andu kinishi ; shi-andu shitushi
75.46, dull (to be -) tush i e- e-tushia ;
75.47, fierce dog te ki- shi- ki-te kikali ; shi-te shikali
75.48, fierce (to be -) kalyal e- e-kalya ;
75.49, fierceness kalyal u- u-kalyi ;
75.50, mild person fool N'- ; wari'-ndu n-foo ; wa-ndu wafoo
75.50b, mild (to be -) fool e- e-foo ;
75.51, thin person, slender person sisia N'- ; wari'-ndu n'-siise ; wa-ndu wa-siise
75.52, thin (to -), slender (to be -) sisia e- e-sisia ;
75.53, fat person shimba N'- ; wari'-ndu n'-shimbi ; w3-ndu

washimbi
75.54, fat (to be -) (for human beings) shimba e- e-shimba ;
75.55, thin thread sisia u- ; ngyuu- u-r'uu lusiise ; ngyuu-r'uu ngisiise

/ ngyuu-r'uu tiingisiise
thick thread shimba u- ; ngyuu- u-r'uu lushimbi ; ngyuu-r'uu

n'gishimbi
75.56b, thick (to be -), gloomy (to be -) shimba e- e-shimba ;
75.57, thick paper shimba zero- ; zero- -kar'itasi ] ingishimbi ; -kar'itdsi ]
tiingishimbi
; ;
394
75.58, thin paper sisia zero- ; zero- kar'itasi lingisiise ; kar'it&si

fiingisiise
75.58b, thin (to be -) sisia e- e-sisia ;
75.60, kind person cha2 N'- ; wari'-ndu ] ri'-cha ; w-ndu ] wdcha
75.60b, kind (to be -) chia2 e- e-chia ;
75.62, mean person muumu N'- ; wari'-ndu muumu ; wa-ndu woomu
75.63b, mean (to be -) (lit. to be +hard) wa2 e- e-wa muumu ;
75.64, rich person (Kiw'oso origin) tomi i-; ma- i-tomi ; m^-tomi
75.64b, rich person (recent word) sumba i- ma- i-sumba ; ma-sumba
75.65, rich (to be -) (Kiw'oso origin) wa2 e- e-wa i-tomi ;
75.69, brave (to be -), dare (to -) karia e- e-karya / i-karia ;
75.69b, daring dog te ki- ; shi- ki-te kikali ; shi-te shikali
75.71, spacious country (in area) ng'ana u- , ngyuu u-r'ika lu-ng'an-e ; ngyiiu-r'ika
ting'ane
75.72, small country (in area) ntu u- , ngyuu li-r'ika ] luntu ; ngyiiu-r'ika ]
ngintu
75.73, beautiful woman cha2 N'- ; wari'-dunka ] ri'-cha ; wd-ka ]
wa-cha
75.73b, ugly woman w'icho N'- ; wari'-dunka n'-w'icho ; wa-ka

wa-w'icho
75.74, dangerous (to be -), frighten (to -) owuo e-owosha ;
75.74b, danger atari zero- ; zero- atari ;
75.75, important (to be -), famous (to be -) rinal e- e-wada rina ;
(lit. to have+name)
75.76, same thing as this kidi-kidi ki- klndo kidikidi ;
75.76b, same thing as that kido-kido ki- kindo kidokido ;
75.76c, same dog te ki- ; shi- ki-te kyakya (< kite ki-akya)
shi-te shasha ( < shite shiasha)
75.76d, same son soro N'- ; wari'-soro ulya-ulya ; wa-soro

walya-walya
75.76e, same tree jil N'- ; mi- n'-ji ulyaulya ; mi-ji yiayia
75.76f, same teeth lyalya i- ; ma- i-yoo lya-lya ; ma-yoo alya-alya
75.76g, same thing kiakya ki- ; shi- ki-ndo kia-kia ; shi-ndo shia-shia
75.76h, same pot nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu yia-yia ; nungu tiatia
75.76i, same ladle liko u- ; ngyuu- li-liko lwo-lwo ; ngyuu-liko ]

tia-tia
75.76J, same place alyaalya a- ; ku- a-ndo ) alyS-alya ;

ku-ndo ]
kuly^-kulya
75.76k, difference, strangeness, strange ngata zero- ; zero- -ngata ;
manner
75.77, another, other, some ngi ngi ;
75.77b, another son / other sons ngi N'- ; wari'-soro ungi ; wi-soro wengi
75.77c, another tree / other trees ngi N'- ; mi- n'-ji ungi ; mi-ji ingi
75.77d, another tooth / other teeth ngi i- ; ma- i-yoo lyingi ; ma-yoo engi
395
Word No English <.iwosoSter n Prefix Word (sg; pi)
75.77e, another thing / other things ngi ki- ; shi- kl-ndo kingi ; shi-ndo shingi
75.77f, another pot / other pots ngi zero- ; zero- -niingu ingi ; niingu tingi
75.77g, another ladle / other ladles ngi u- ; ngyuu- u-liko lungi ; ngyuu-liko tingi
75.77h, another place ngi a- ; ku- a-ndo kungi ; ku-ndo kungi
75.78, whole body (the -) mbii2 N'- ; mi- m'-mbii wo6se ; mi-mbii yoose
75.78b, whole cattle (the -) umbe zero- ; zero- -umbe yoose ;
75.79, like, as cha3 cha ;
75.79b, son like this cha3 N'- ; wa- fi'-soro cha ] etu ; w3-soro cha ]
ewa
75.79c, tree like this cha3 N'- ; mi- ri'-ji cha ] etu ; mi-ji cha ] 6yi
75.79d, tooth like this cha3 i- ; ma- i-yoo cha elyi ; ma-yoo cha ewa
75.79e, thing like this cha3 ki- ; shi- ki-ndo cha eki ; shi-ndo cha eshi
75.79f, pot like this cha3 zero- ; zero- nungu cha ] eyi ; nungu cha ] eti
75.79g, ladle like this cha3 u- ; ngyuu- li-liko cha elu ; ngyiiu-liko cha eti
75.79h, place like this cha3 a- ; ku- 2-ndo cha yaa ; ku-ndo cha kunu
75.80, what kind of - da3 da ; pf-da
75.80b, what kind of son? da3 N'- ; wa- fi'-soro ] dda? ; w3-soro ] wdda?
75.80c, what kind of tree? da3 N'- ; mi- n'-ji ] lida? ; mi-ji ] ida?
75.80d, what kind of tooth? da3 i- ; ma- i-yoo ] lyida? ; ma-yoo ] ada?
75.80e, what kind of thing? da3 ki- ; shi- ki-ndo ] kida? ; shi-ndo ] shida?
75.80f, what kind of pot? da3 zero- ; zero- -mingu ] ida? ; -nungu ] tida?
75.80g, what kind of ladle? da3 u- ; ngyuu- u-liko ] liida? ; ngyiiu-liko ] tida?
75.80h, what kind of place ? da3 a- ; ku- 3-ndo ] kiida? ; kii-ndo ] kiida?
75.81, which? nga nga ; pf-nga-pf
75.81b, which son? nga N'- ; wa- fi'-soro u-nga-u ; wi-soro

wa-nga-wa
75.81c, which tree? nga N'- ; mi- n'-ji ungau ; mi-ji ingai
75.81d, which tooth? nga i- ; ma- i-yoo lyingalyi ; ma-yoo angawa

75.81e, which thing? nga ki- ; shi- ki-ndo kingaki ; shi-ndo shingashi
75. 8 If, which pot? nga zero- ; zero- -niingu ingai ; -nungu tingati
75.81g, which ladle? nga u- ; ngyuu- li-liko lungalu ; ngyiiu-liko tingati
75.81h, which place? nga a- ; ku- 3-ndo aki ; ku-ndo kuda
XX. GENERAL (ACTION)

76. Beginning and Ending
76.01, begin (to -), start (to -) wooka e- e-wooka ;
76.01b, start (to-) uka e- e-ukya ;
76.02, begin one's work (to -) wooka e- e-wooka e-runda ;
76.02b, job runda ki- ; shi ki-rundio ; shi-rundio
76.03, finish (to -), come to an end (to -) sya e- e-sya ;
(vi)
76.04, finish (sth) (to -) (vf) maa e- e-maa ;
76.05, beginning, at the beginning ooka ku- ku-ooka ;
76.06, last (to be the -) fur'umia e- e-fur'umia ;
76.06b, end (of story /examination/TV fur'umia kiki-fur'umio ;
program, etc.)
; ;
396
76.06c, finally fur'umia kiki-fur'umio-n' ;
76.07, continue (to -) endelea e- e-endelea ;
76.08, continue one's work (to -) endelea e- e-endelea na kinindio
76.09, repeat (to -) uiya e- e-uiya ;
76.10, happen (for an accident) (to -) tokya e- e-tokya ;
77. Other Verbs
77.01, do, make (to -) wuta e- e-wuta ;
77.01b, do sth on sb (to -), make sth on sb wuta e- e-wutia ;
(to-)
77.01c, done (to be -), made (to be -) (pass] i wuta e- e-wuto ;
77.01d, done for sb (to be -), made for sb wuta e- e-wutio ;
(to be -)
77.02, have an ability (to -), can idima e- e-edlma / i-id'ima ;
77.03, have (to -), catch (to -), own (to -) wada2 e- e-wada ;
77.05, be (to -), become (to -) wa2 e- e-wa ;
77.06, lack (to -), not to have, lose (to -), tura e- e-tura ;
miss (to -)
77.07, shortage of sth (to be in -), need of tinyia e-tinya

sth (to be in -)
77.07b, need (to -), want (to -) tinyia e- e-tinylo ;
77.08, plenty mbor'a zero- ; zero- -mbor'a ;
77.08b, sufficient (to be -), enough (to be -) tosha e- e-tosha ;
77.09, try (to -) onja e- e-onja (> yo-onja )
77.09b, fail in examination (to -) lema2 e- e-lemo ;
XXI. GENERAL (THINGS)

78. General (Things)
78.01, thing ndol ki- ; shi- ki-ndo ; shi-ndo
78.01b, measure, amount esha ki- ; shi- ki-esho ; she-esho
78.01c, nothing (lit. not+thing-not) ndol che ki-ndo-n' ;
78.01d, without anything, empties duul -duu ;
78.04, place (definite -) ndo2 a- a-ndo (= nyando )
78.04b, place (definite -) ndo2 ny-a-ndo ;
78.04c, place (indefinite -) ndo2 ku- ku-ndo ;
78.04d, specific name of a place Ur'ul ur'u ;
XXII. MISCELLANEOUS
79. Pronouns and Others
79.01, me (Independent PN) nyin , nin nyin' / nin' ;
79.02, you (sg.) (Independent PN) nyewe, ewe nyewe / ewe ;
79.03, him, her (Independent PN) nyiwe, we nyiwe / we ;
79.04, us (Independent PN) nyesi, esi nyesi / esi ;
79.05, you (pi.) (Independent PN) nyeni, eni nyeni / eni ;
79.06, them (Independent PN) nwo2, wo nwo / wo ;
79.07, himself oneself muni muni ( = munyl )
79.07b. myself nyin', nin' nyin' muni / nin' muni

;
397
79.07c, yourself nyewe, ewe nyewe muni / ewe muni ;
79.07d, himself/herself nyiwe, we nyiwe muni / we muni ;
79.07e, ourselves nyesi, esi nyesi w'eeni / esi w'eeni ;
79.07f, yourselves nyeni, eni nyenyi w'eeni / eni w'eeni ;
79.07g, themselves nwo2, wo nwo w'eeni / wo w'eeni ;
79.07h, son himself soro N'- ; wari'-soro ] muni ; wd-soro ] weeni
79.07i, tree itself jil N'- ; mi- mueni

n'-ji ; mi-ji ngeeni / mi-ji
meeni
79.07J, tooth itself yoo3 i- ; ma- 1-yoo lyieni ; ma-yoo meeni
79.07k, thing itself ndol ki- ; shi- ki-ndo kieni ; shl-ndo sheeni
79.071, pot itself nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu ngeeni ;
79.07m, ladle itself liko u- ; ngyuu- u-liko lueni ; ngyiiu-liko ngeeni (
ngi-e > nge-e )
79.07n, place itself ndo2 a- ; ku- a-ndo kueni ; kii-ndo kueni
79.08, anybody, all people ndu N'- ; wa- n'-ndu woose ; wa-ndu woose
79.09, this son soro N'- ; wa- n'-soro etu ; w3-soro ewa
79.09b, this tree jil N- 1

; mi- n'-ji etu ; mi-ji eyi
79.09c, this tooth yoo3 i- ; ma- i-yoo elyi ; ma-yoo ewa
79.09d, this thing eki ki- ; shi- ki-ndo eki ; shi-ndo eshi
79.09e, this thing ndol ki- ; shi- ki-ndo eki ; shi-ndo eshi
79.09f, this pot nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu eyi ; nungu eti
79.09g, this ladle liko u- ; ngyuu- li-liko elu ; ngyiiu-liko eti
79.10, that son soro N'- ; wa- n'-soro ] eto ; wa-soro ewo
79.10b, that tree jil N'- ; mi- n'-ji eto ; mi-ji iyo
79.10c, that tooth yoo3 i- ; ma- i-yoo elyo ; ma-yoo ewo
79.10d, that thing ekyo ki- ; shi- ki-ndo ekyo ; shi-ndo esho
79.10e, that thing ndol ki- ; shi- ki-ndo ekyo ; shi-ndo esho
79.1 Of, that pot nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu eyo ; nungu eto
79.10g, that ladle liko u- ; ngyuu- li-liko elo ; ngyiiu-liko eto
79.11, that son over there soro N'- ; wa- n'-soro ] lilya ; w3-soro ] walya
79.11b, that tree over there jil N'- ; mi- n'-ji ] lilya ; mi-ji ]
yia
79.11c, that tooth over there lya2 i- ; ma- i-yoo lya ; md-yoo alya
79.1 Id, that thing over there ndol ki- ; shi- ki-ndo kya ; shi-ndo shia
79.1 le, that pot over there nungu zero- ; zero- -nungu yia ; nungu tia
79.1 If, that ladle over there luo, tia u- ; ngyuu- u-liko luo ; ngyiiu-liko tia
79.1 lg, that place over there lya2 a- ; ku- 2-ndo 1 kiilya ; ku-ndo ] kiilya
79.12, here a2 ya-a ;
79.12b, hereabout nu2 ku- ku-nu ;
79.13, there ol yo-6 ( < ya-6 )
79.13b, thereabout ol ef-6 ;
79.14, over there, the place in question lya2 a- a-lya ;
79.14b, around over there, the place in lya2 ku- ku-lya ;
question
79.15, everywhere ose ku- ko-ose (< ku-ose) ;
80. Interrogatives and Others

; ; ;;
398
80.01, who? nyiw'i? nyiw'i? ; nwaki?
80.02, what thing? (used except human n' ky-oo-ki? nkyoo-ki? (< n' ky6o-ki? ) ; nshi-ki
beings) ?(< n' shi-ki?)
80.03, which (son)? n' u-nga-u? (< n' tingd-u?)

ny-iinga-u?
nwanga-wa? (< n' wanga-wa?)
80.03b, which (tree)? n' u-nga-u? ny-iinga-u? (< n' linga-u?) ;
ny-inga-i? (< n' inga-i?)
80.03c, which (thing)? (lit. it is+which n' ki-nga-ki? nkinga-ki? (< n' kingd-ki?) ;
thing?) nshinga-shi? (< n' shinga-shi?)
80.03d, which (pot)? n' i-nga-i? ny-ing^-i? (< n' inga-i?) ; nfingS-ti
?(<n' tinga-ti?)
which (ladle)? n' lu-nga-lu? nliing^-lu? (< n' liingi-lu?)

ntinga-ti? (< n' tingS-li?)
80.04, where? n' kwi nkwi? ;
80.04b, which (place)?, where? n' a-nga nyangâ? (< n' cinga-a?) ;
80.04c, it is n' n' ;
80.05, when? (lit. it is+when?) indi-i? nyindii? (< n'-ndi-i?)
80.05b, when? (lit. when) indi-i? indi-i? ;
80.05c, when? (lit. which+time/period?) er'i ki- kye-er'i kingdki? ;
80.06, why? n' kiki? nkiki?(<n'kiki?);
80.06b, what and why? n' ky-oo-ki na nkyooki na nkiki? (< n' ky6oki na
n kiki? n' kiki?)
80.06c, reason maduma ki- ; shi- ki-maduma ; shi-maduma
80.06d, cause tewo ki- ; shi- ki-tewo ; shi-tewo
80.06e, what reason? (lit. reason+is+what) maduma ki- ; shi- ki-madum5 fi' ky6oki? ;
80.06f, because, reason why nyelyi -nyelyi ;
80.07, how? n' kuda? n' kiida? (> n'kiida?) ;
81. Adverb: nd Conjunctions
81.01, especially asa4 asa ;
81.02,50.31b truly dede -dede ;
81.05,81.06 perhaps, maybe baati baafi ;
81.07, 1. very, 2. quickly, fast den' den' ;
81.07b, very much den' den' ] den' ;
81.07c, too much nu3 ii'-nu ;
81.08, little bit (a -) ntu kiki-ntu ;
81.09, then, after that alafu e- alafu ;
81.10, therefore kweekyo kweekyo ;
81.11, namely nkyo Iwaambe nky6 Iwaambe ;
81.12, for example cha4 cha ;
81.14, instead of meat (lit. the place of ndo2 a- a-ndo ko ] ng'dn'ra

meat)
81.14b, instead of baadala baadala ;
81.15, without meat kuwutafo kuwutafo ng'an'ra ;

;
399
81.15b, without book kuwutafo kuwutafo kitabu ;
81.15c, without taste ila loda ila loda ;
81.16, meat etc. ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra na shindo shingi ;
81.17, only tubu tubu ;
81.17b, only meat ng'an'ra zero- ; zero- -ng'an'ra tubu ;
81.17c, only book tubu ki- ; shi- ki-tabu tubu ; shi-tabu
81.18, and na2 na ;
81.18b, maize and oil emba2 zero- ; ma- me-emba ] na mafuta ;
81.18c, maize, oil and salt emba2 zero- ; ma- me-emba (na) mafuta na chumbi
81.19, maize or oil emba2 zero- ; ma- me-emba aan' ] mafuta ;
81.19b, maize, oil or salt emba2 s' ; ma- me-emba (aan) mafuta aan chumbi
81.20, but lyo lyo ;
82. Greetings
82.01, yes ee ee ;
82.02, no oode oode ;
82.03, Hello! (lit. information, news) mboni shi-mboni ;
82.03b, I am fine, (answer for "shi-mboni cha2 n'-shi-cha ;
(Hello!"))
82.03c, Hello! (lit. how are+bones) andi andi mdfuo? ;
82.03d, Hello! (answer for "andi mafuo? luufo nicha. ngiifo nicha. ; luufo nicha.
(Hello!)")
82.04, Good bye, Stay well! (used by the na2 na kofo ;
person who is going out)
82.04b, Good bye!, Go well! (lit. thanks) eeka eeka ;
(answer for "na kofo (Good bye,

Stay well)", used by the person who
is remaining.)
82.05, good morning! (lit. with + to be na2 na anto ;
waked)
82.05b, Good morning! (answer for "na eeka eeka ;
anto (Good morning)")
82.05c, Good morning! (for the first-born eeka eeka mbe. ;
(son / daughter))
82.05d, Good morning! (for sons except the eeka eeka sa. ;
first-born)
82.05e, Good morning! (for the second eeka eeka ma. ;
daughter)
82.05f, Good morning! (for daughters eeka eeka ] keku. ;
except the first and second

daughters)
82.06, Good day!, Good afternoon!. Good ne sindiso ne sindiso ;
evening!
400
82.06b, Good evening! (the answer for "ne eeka eeka ;
sindiso (Good day, Good afternoon,

Good evening)")
82.07, Good night! (lit. to be kept aro aro ] kucha ;
asleep+at nice place)
82.07b, Good night! answer for "aro kucha eeka eeka ;
(Good night!)")
82.08, please woi wol ;
82.09, Pardon me. Excuse me. Allow me. 1 kwade kwade ;
regret. am wrong.
I
82.10, thank you very much eeka eeka ] den' ;
82.10b, thank you very much and God bless eeka eeka ] na iruwa nakwengerie
you.
Illustrations
401
figl. u-liko (21.13): (a) food ladle: about

45cm in length, 7cm in diameter at
base, 5cm in depth, (b) beer ladle:

about lm in length, 16cm in diameter
at base, 10cm in depth. (The number in
parentheses shows the word number.)
fig.2a. ki-lalu (21.11): spoon made of banana

stem, about 2.5cm x 15cm.
^-*^
fig.2b. ki-liko (21.11): spoon. 3cm at base,
1.5cm in depth.
fig.3a. -sooro (21.05): stopper made of

dried leaf of banana stem.
fig.3b. -nduwi (21.13): calabash bottle.
fig.4. ki-deewa (21.08): plate, dish,

bowl, about 0.5 litter -1.5 litter in
volume. 10 -15cm in diameter.
6cm in depth.
fig.5. i-shami (43.18): sickle,

harvesting knife, about 25cm in
length.
402
fig.6, u-kombo (47.27): knife for
carving. S-shaped edge, double edges.

10 - 16cm in length.
fig. 7. -chekecheke (43.23): sift,
about 24cm in length, and 18cm in
width.
fig. 8. n'-deewa (43.25): winnowing tray

made of wood, about 6cm in depth,
28cm in width, 44 cm in length.
handle of "ndeewa"
fig. 9. wooden barrel.;

i-biba (21.17):
imanyara. big wooden barrel.
ibiba. about 60 cm in diameter, 70

cm in height.
imanyara. about 80cm in diameter.
90cm in height.
fig. 10. (a) ki-ondi (21.15a): vat for
brewing alcoholic drinks, about 90cm in
length, 30cm in width, and 40cm in
depth.; (b) mo-ondi (2L15b): big vat for
brewing alcoholic drinks.

403
^0
fig. 11. u-bata (21.13): ladle for alcoholic
drinks, or for dipping water, about 40cm

~ 60cm in length of handle.
fig. 12. mw-iko (21.13): ladle
for mush, about 50 cm in
length, and 5 - 8cm in width.
fig. 13. n'-senge (18.08): walking-stick.

1
fig. 14. -mbiidi (18.09): cudgel,
about 60cm in length.

404
fig. 15. y-ambo (18.03): bracelet.
fig. 16. n'-she (18.02): necklace made

of chain.
fig. 17. -sare (17.18): mark

on face.
fig. 18. ki-bili (18.01): earring.
fig. 19. -mbisa (18.05): necklace made by

beads.
405
fig. 20. ki-chengere (51.16): musical

instrument which is tied at the ankle and
which makes a rattling sound, about 4 ~ 5cm
in length.
fig. 21. ki-dude (70.14): traditional lamp,
about 6 ~ 12cm in height.
fig. 22. n'-sinr'ya (24.07): locking

pole, about 180cm in length.
stone
406
fig. 23. u-wiiri (49.21):

stirring rod for broth, about
I 70 cm in handle length, 2cm
in diameter, about 10 ~12cm
in paddle span. Beer-making
stirring rod is bigger than
this.
(e-tita na uwiiri: to stir with a stirring rod)
fig. 24. ki-andu (47.27): knife (for male

person to cut meat), about 10 ~12cm in
hadle length, about 18 - 24cm in blade
length, double edged.
fig. 25. (a) ki-n'-ro (47.27): kitchen
knife, smaller than "n'-ro". about

18cm in length, (used by women
for cooking) (b) n'-ro (47.27): knife
(used to chop animal food), about

30cm in length.
(a) (b)
fig. 26. (a) i-kumbi lya kichaka (43.10):

hoe with a spade-like blade (lit. hoe of
Chaga land), b) i-kumbi lya teso (43.10):
hoe with a adze blade (lit. hoe of adze)
(a)
407
fig. 27. (a) i-seo (43.32): lower stone of a

stone grinder, (b) ki-ana (43.32b): upper
stone of a stone grinder.
fig. 28. -songoro, -ngina (43.27):

upper stone to grind tobacco
leaves (small and hard stone), (b)
u-yoo: piece of broken pot to grind

sniff "mbatu".
fig. 29. (a) ki-uri (43.29): mortar for

pounding, about 60cm in height and 30cm
in diameter, (b) n'-chi (43.30): pestle,
about 120cm in length and 5 cm in
diameter.
*&M fig. 30. i-lalo (72.01): gutter of

irrigation stream (made of woods)
(lit. crossing point of a river).
408
fig. 31. i-didi (40.17): tree with short

fig. 32. -muoko / -mooko
(40.38): cassava.
thorns, about 8cm in leaflet span.
spiny tendril
fig. 33. -mbarika (40.20): castor-

fig. 34. ki-a kya iko (40.35b):
oil plant.
yellowish yam.
flower
tendril
fruits
fig. 35. i-araki & -soko (40.34): kinds
of beans with tripod leaves. Both
apperances are almost the same, fig. 36. i-tungucha (40.40b): tomato
though pods and leaves of "soko" shaped fruit of a specific wild tree.
are a little smaller than those of "i- 18 - 24cm in leaf span.
araki".
409
fig. 37. i-taw'i (41.12): Phoenix reclinata (a

kind of wild palm), about 150 - 170cm in leaf
length, 40cm in width, about 30 feet in height.
fig. 38. -nyinda (41.40): banana plant.
i-chalaaru: midrib of banana leaf
i-n'-ruu: banana leaf
_ i-tiringo: stalk of banana

i-kokoro: yellow
bunch
ki-dingo: cluster of
banana leaf
bananas
i-ruu: bunch of
bananas
nganana: banana flower
i-dawa (nkowa?)
leaf of banana
stem nshi: prop
i-shiiri: part near the aj i\
root of banana
410
fig. 39.1. fig. 39.2.
fig. 39.1. & 39.2. i-r'ar'ii (51.03b): rope
skipping, (girls' play)
fig. 40. -ngaar'i (46.58): hoop

rolling, (boys' game)
fig. 41. ma-chewera (51.03d): game like
playing beanbags (juggling).
fig. 42. i-ruuruu (51.03e): game of
making whizzing sound.
fig. 43. ki-chenekar'i (51.03f): game

I
of car-driving simulation.
fig. 44. u-kiko (51.031): game of
high-jumping
411
fig. 45. -ndeke (51.03n): game of

windmill.
fig. 46. ki-pindi (ki-sereeka)

(51.03s): top spinning.
412
fig. 47. m'-ba (24.01): house, banana house.
(a) okooyo: top of a centre pillar,
(b) ki-mangya: eaves,

(c) i-wanda: dry leaves fringing the door
of a banana house
fig. 48. structure of a house
1. ko ombe: cattle section (24.13e),
2. ko mburu: section for
goats/sheeps (24.13f),
3. ki-sau-n': section for keeping
goods (24. 13g),
4. -kondo: section for girls (24.13c),
5. -sike-n': section for boys (24.13d),

6. ki-ri-n': mother's section (24.13b),
7. mu-ungo: doorway (24.05),
8. -r'uko-n': cooking place (24.12),

9. n'-la: cattle basin (24.13m),
413

y -
y
y. :
->
'//-
W<
fig. 49. ki-isawumbe
(38.12): pin-tailed fig. 50. -mbiro (38.12): white-eye.
whydah(?). about 12 about 10cm in length, right
cm in body length, yellow.
15cm in tail.
fig. 51. i-fajio (22.24): night-jar.

fig. 52. n'-kumbulu (38.12):
kingfisher, about 20 cm in length.
fig. 53. i-fumbudu (38.12):

owl. about 35cm in length. fig. 54. -ngwale (38.12): francolin.
414
fig, 55. i-kolow'iri (38.12): fig. 56. -nkandooko (38.12): red-
yellow vented bulbul (?). about chested cuckoo (?). about 30cm in
18cm in length. length.

Research Institute for Languages and Cultures
of Asia and Africa (ILCAA)
Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
3-11-1 Asahi-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8534, Japan
Ryohei KAGAYA and Rogati OLOMI
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ISBN 4-87297-933-8
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/l/l ISBN: 4-87297-933-8
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Kiwoso Dictionary PDF

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Bantu Vocabulary Series 14

(c) Ryohei Kagaya and Rogati Olomi, March, 2006

Research Institute for Languages anc Cultures

Printed by Tokyo Press Co., Ltd. Tokyo

Note of the Kiw'oso Language ii

Abbreviations Used in Text ix

English Index 247

Kahe and Gweno (Guthrie, 1971).

language was different from the Hai or the Vunjo language.

The Kiw'oso is sometimes written in Kiwoso or Kibosho. In this text, Kiw'oso is

used for the convenience of writing system.

in this text were drawn by him.

of Dar es Salaam for their kind assistance and support.

Ryohei Kagaya (March 2006)

Vowels found in this language are as follows:

long vowels / ii, ee, aa, oo, uu /

Consonants found in this language are shown in Table

Labial Labio-dental Dental Palatal Velar

Plosives (p),b[b] t, d k,(g)

Retro flex r[r]

Nasals m n ny[ji] ngh [ i] ]

Syllabic Nasals m' n' ng' [ r) ]

Prenasalized Plosives (mp), mb nt, nd nch, nj nk, ng

Prenasalized Fricatives nv ns, nz

Vunjo, but the sound was not found in our data.

described as /NY (or /mV or Ml in some cases) in this text.

identified by prefixes of "good" or stems of "this/these". In text, the modifier "this/these" is

Noun Noun Examples of Meaning good - this - / these -

1 mu- mu-na *1 child mu-na n'-cha *4 mu-na e-tu

la N'- A'-ndu person n'-ndu n'-cha *4 ri'-ndu e-tu

lb zero- -mbuya friend -mbuya n'-cha -mbuya e-tu

lc zero- -mangi chief -mangi n'-cha -mangi e-tu

2 wa- wa-na, children, wa-na wa-cha wa-na e-wa,

2a zero- -mbuya friends -mbuya n'-cha -mbuya e-tu

3 N'- ri'-ji tree ri'-ji n'-cha *4 ri'-ji e-tu

3a zero- -muda, water, -muda n'-cha *4 -muda e-tu,

4 mi- mi-ji trees mi-ji mi-cha mi-ji e-yi

5 ri- ri-so eye ri-so lyi-cha ri-so e-lyi

5a i- i-du ear i-du lyi-cha i-du e-lyi

5b zero- -rina name -rina lyi-cha -rina e-lyi

6 ma- mi-so *2 eyes mi-so ma-cha, mi-so e-wa,

ma-du sandals, ma-du ma-cha, ma-du e-wa

7 ki- kl-ndo thing ki-ndo ki-cha ki-ndo e-ki

7a zero- -kana mouth -kana ki-cha -kana e-ki

8 shi- shl-ndo things shi-ndo shi-cha shi-ndo e-shi

8a zero- -kana mouths -kana shi-cha -kana e-shi

9 N'- ri'-guo cloth n'-guo ii-ngi-cha n'-guo e-yi

9a zero- -limbe cattle -limbe ngi-cha *5 -umbe e-yi

10 N'- n'-guo (=sg) clothes ri'-guo ngi-cha *6 ri'-guo e-ti

10a zero- -umbe (pi) cattle -limbe tii-ngi-cha -limbe e-ti

10b ngi- ngyiiu-rika *3 countries ngyiiu-rika ngi-cha *6 ngyiiu-rika e-ti

11 u- li-dende, leg, li-rika lu-cha li-rika e-lu

pronounced as a prenasalized consonant.

shown. In Table 3b, some of other noun modifiers are shown.

Table 3a: Subject marker, Object marker

Noun Class Noun Prefix Subj. Obj. Relative Relative

Prefix Prefix Subj. Prefix Obj. Prefix

1, la, lb mu-, N'- , zero- na-, a- -n na-, a- -n

2,2a wa, zero- wa- -wa wa- -wa

5, 5a, 5b ri-, i-, zero- lyi- -lyi lyi- -lyi

7,7a ki-, zero- ki- -ki ki- -ki

8,8a shi-, zero- shi- -shi shi- -shi

9,9a N'-, zero- i- -i i- -i

1 mu- mu-na 1 child mu-na n'-cha 4 mu-na e-tu

10b ngi- ngyiiu-rika 3 countries ngyiiu-rika ngi-cha 6 ngyiiu-rika e-ti