Ibn Khaldn

An Exhibition at Sterling Memorial Library

Presented by the Near East Collection
Yale University Library
March to May 2008

IBN KHALDN
AN ARAB MEDIEVAL NORTH AFRICAN THINKER

Ibn Khaldn, Abd al-Rahmn ibn Muhammad al-Hardram al-Ishbl (1332-

1406), was born in Tnis on 1 Ramadn, 732 H (27 May, 1332 CE). His
ancestors migrated from Hadramawt in southern Arabia to al-Andalus
(Andalusia, southern Spain) in the early years of the 8th century during the
Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. The family settled, eventually, in the
city of Ishbliyah (Seville) where they assumed political leadership positions.
However, as the power of the Muslims started to crumble, the family had to
leave to northwestern Africa, where they had strong connections with the ruling
Hafsids, shortly before the fall of the city to the Christians in 1284.

Having been a descendent of a family of scholars and statesmen, Ibn Khaldn

was educated by his father and other North African scholars in the traditional
Arabic/Islamic sciences. After finishing his education he took several
government positions in Tnis and in Fez. However, the vicissitudes of politics
led to his imprisonment for almost two years (1357-1358). Upon his release
from prison he assumed other legal position until 1362 when he decided to leave
North Africa and travel to Granada. In Granada he was highly honored by the
citys ruler Muhammad V who sent him in 1364 on a diplomatic mission to
Pedro the Cruel in Seville. Hence, Ibn Khaldn had the opportunity to visit the
city of his ancestors. After three years, he returned to North Africa in 1365,
where he was given several high administrative positions until 1375.

Fed up with the intrigues of politics and the instability of governments, Ibn
Khaldn returned to Granada to dedicate himself to his scholarly pursuits but
was obliged to return back the same year to Fez by pressures from its Sultan,
Ab al-Abbs al-Marn. He managed, however, to flee to the Awld rif Arab
tribe who gave him and his family refuge in Qalat Ibn Salmah, a castle and a
village in the province of Wahrn (Oran, Algeria). It was in the tranquility and
safety of that castle that he started to write his famous History of the world
Kitb al-Ibar. The celebrated Muqaddimah, or, Introduction to that book
was finished in November, 1377. In 1378, Ibn Khaldn left Qalat Ibn Salmah
and settled in Tnis where he held a teaching position at the famous Zaytnah
Mosque and continued writing his History of the world.
In 1382, Ibn Khaldn left Tnis by sea to Alexandria, Egypt, from whence he
intended to go to Mecca for the Hajj (Pilgrimage), but he postponed the
pilgrimage for a more suitable time and traveled to Cairo where he started
teaching at the famous al-Azhar Mosque. In 1384 he was appointed by Barqq,
the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt (1340-1399), to the position of Grand Qadi of the
Mlikyah, a position from which he resigned or was deposed six times (1384
until his death at the age of 74, on March 17, 1406). In October, 1400 he was
asked to accompany Faraj, the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt (1399-1405) in his
march to confront the armies of the Mongol leader, Tamerlane, who was
threatening to invade Syria. In 1401 Ibn Khaldn, at the age of 69, met with
Tamerlane in Damascus five times and was asked by him to write him a book
about the geography and description of the Maghreb which he did before he
returned to Cairo.

The fame of Ibn Khaldn in modern scholarship is due to his writing of the Muqaddimah, or Introduction to his Histo
Muqaddimah, Ibn Khaldn laid the foundations of a new science, Ilm al-Umrn, or, the science of human social organi
those of modern sociologists, philosophers, economists and historians like: Machiavelli, Montesquieu, Comte, Durkheim

The Muqaddimah has been translated into some twenty languages and hundreds of books and articles have been written
his ingenious work. Frantz Rosenthal states in the introduction to his English translation of the Muqaddimah: As it is,
simply that here was a man with a great mind, who combined action with thought, the heir of a great civilization that ha
country with a living historical traditionalbeit reduced to remnants of its former greatness who realized his own gift
position in a work that ranks as one of mankinds important triumphsP. lxxxvii.

Kitb al-Ibar wa-dwn al-mubta

wa-al-Ajam wa-al-Barbar / Ibn K

( /
1140 1728 / )

Manuscript of the World History of Ibn

261 leaves; 26.5 x 17.5 cm.
Written in various hands. Copied in A.H
Housed at Beinecke Rare Book and Ma
Haven, CT.
Call Number: Arabic MSS suppl. 359.
References: Ahlwardt, Wilhelm. Verzei
9362; Brockelmann, Geschichte der ara

Prolegomenes d'Ebn-Khaldoun / Texte arabe publie, d'apres les

manuscrits de la Bibliotheque imperiale; par M. Quatremere.
Paris : Benjamin Duprat, 1858.

[1782( / ) 3( -
1857)1858 ]

The first complete scholarly European edition of the Muqaddimah of Ibn

Khaldn in 3 vols., edited from manuscripts at the Bibliotheque imperiale by the
French Orientalist Etienne-Marc Quatremere (1782-1857).
 Kitb al-Ibar. Muqaddimah [Prol
Khaldn]
Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldn li-Kitb
al-khabar f ayym al-Arab wa-al-
arahum min dhaw al-suln al-
arihi al-Allmah Abd al-Ram
Mir : al-Mabaah al-Bahyah al-Miry

.
1930[ : ].

A 1930 Cairo edition of the Muqaddima

Kitb al-Ibar. Muqaddimah. 1992

Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldn : wa-hiya al-juz al-awwal min Kitb al-
Ibar wa-dwn al-mubtad wa-al-khabar [The Muqaddimah of Ibn
Khaldn : which is volume one of the his World history] / talf Abd
al-Ramn ibn Muammad ibn Khaldn : bi-taqq A. M. Ktirmr.
Bayrt : Maktabat Lubnn, 1992.

/ :
. . .
1992 : .

A reprint in 3 vols. of the Paris, 1858 edition of the Muqaddimah by the French
Orientalist Etienne-Marc Quatremere (1782-1857).
 Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldn [The Pr
Abd al-Ramn ibn Muammad i
nashara al-ful wa-al-faqart al-n
aqqaqah wa-abaa kalimtih
wa-amala fahrisah Al Abd al-
[al-Qhirah] : Lajnat al-Bayn al-Arab

.
[1962-1957 : ].

An annotated and collated edition in 4

Ibn Khaldn by the Egyptian scholar A

Trkh al-Allmah Ibn Khaldn : Kitb al-Ibar wa-dwn al-

mubtada wa-al-khabar f ayym al-Arab wa-al-Ajam wa-Barbar wa-
man arahum min dhaw al-suln al-akbar : wa-huwa trkh Abd
al-Ramn ibn Khaldn al-Maghrib.
Bayrt: Dr al-Kitb al-Lubnn, 1982-

:
/ .
1982 : -

A 1982 collated edition of the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldn with bibliography

and detailed indexes by Ysuf Asd Dghir.
 Trkh al-Allmah Ibn Khaldn [
: Kitb al-Ibar wa-dwn al-mubt
wa-al-Ajam wa-al-Barbar wa-man
akbar / Abd al-Ramn ibn Khald
al-Qhirah : Dr al-Kitb al-Mir, 1999

/
1999 : .

The complete World history of Ibn Kha

Kitb al-Ibar. Muqaddimah

al-Muqaddimah / Abd al-Rahmn ibn Khaldn ; haqqaqah wa-
qaddama la-h wa-allaqa alayh Abd al-Salm al-Shaddad.
Dr al-Bayd : Khiznat Ibn Khaldn, Bayt al-Funn wa-al-Ulm wa-al-db,
2005.

.
/ .
2005 : .

A new annotated edition of the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldn in three volumes

with ample commentaries, elucidations, annotations and indexes by the
contemporary Moroccan scholar and Ibn Khaldn specialist Dr. Abd al-Salm
al-Shaddad.
 Akdamot le-mada ha-hisoryah
history] / [me-et] abd al-Ramaa
ve-hosif mavo ve-hearot, Emanu
Yerushalayim : Mosad Byalik, [1966]

. [] / )
, .
1966[ , : ]

al-Muqaddimah f ilm al-tarkh : wa-h

wa-dwan al-mubtada wa-al-khabar f
Barbar.

A Hebrew translation of the Muqaddim

and commentary.

Kitb al-Ibar. Muqaddimah. English

The Muqaddimah : an introduction to history / translated from the
Arabic by Franz Rosenthal.
New York : Pantheon Books, [1958]

A translation from Arabic into English of the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldn in 3

vols. by the Yale University Professor of Near Eastern Languages and
Civilizations Dr. Franz Rosenthal (1914-2003).

2003-1914( ) .

Discours sur l'histoire universelle

the Universal History (al-Muqadd
pref. et notes par Vincent Monte
Beyrouth : Commission internationale
1967-68.

[
1967 : ]

A new French translation of the Muqad

Kitb al-Ibar. Muqaddimah. English. Selections
A selection from the Prolegomena of Ibn Khaldn / with notes and
an English-German glossary by Duncan B. Macdonald.
Leiden : Late E. J. Brill, 1905.

This Arabic section from the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldn about The
importance of the science of history, its different trends, the mistakes which
historians commit and mentioning some of their reasons was selected and
published in 1905 by Duncan B. Macdonald, professor at the Hartford
Theological Seminary in Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.A. as a practice for students
of Arabic language and literature on reading Medieval Arabic historical texts.
 Ausgewahlte Abschnitte aus der
[Selected sections from the Arabi
Annemarie Schimmel.
Tubingen : J.C.B. Mohr (P. Siebeck), 19

Translation into German of selected sec

Khaldn by the late professor of Arabic
Annemarie Schimmel (1922-2003).

Ibun Harudn no "Rekishi josetsu" [Ibn Khaldns Introduction to

his World history] / by Tamura Jitsuzo hen.
Tokyo : Ajia Keizai Kenkyjo, 1964-1965.
/ .
: , 1964-1965.

A study in Japanese about Ibn Khaldns sociological theories in

the Muqaddimah.

Kitb al-Ibar
Kitb al-Ibar wa-dwn al-mubta
wa-al-Ajam wa-al-Barbar wa-man
akbar, wa-huwa trkh wad ari
Khaldn al-Maghrib.
[Cairo : s.n.], 1284 [1867]

[1867[ 1284 ].. : ]
 An 1867 Cairo edition of the World His

al-Tarf bi-Ibn Khaldn wa-rilatihi Gharban wa-Sharqan

[Introducing Ibn Khaldn the author of the book and his journey
East and West] / katabahu Abd al-Ramn ibn Muammad ibn
Khaldn ; raahu bi-ulihi wa-allaqa awshiyahu Muammad
ibn Twt al-anj ; rjaahu wa- aaddahu lil-nashr Ibrhm
Shabb.
Tnis : al-Dr al-Arabyah lil-Kitb, 2006.

/
.
2006 : .

An annotated and collated edition of the autobiography of Ibn Khaldn by the

Tunisian scholar Muammad ibn Twt al-anj, updated and vocalized with
ample footnotes and elucidating commentaries by Ibrhm Shabb.

Le voyage d'Occident et d'Orient :

West and East : an autobiography
traduite de l'arabe par Abdesselam
Paris : Sinbad, 1980.

Translation into French of the autobiog

Khaldn muallif al-kitb wa-rihlatihi
Khaldn the author of the book and his
)
Ibn Khaldni Narratio de expeditionibus Francorum in terras
islamismo subjectas [Inb Khaldns account of the campaigns of the
Franks in Islamic territories] / codicibus bodleianis edidit et latine
vertit Carolus Johannes Tornberg.
Upsali : Leffler et Sebell, 1840.

An 1840 translation by the Swedish Orientalist Carl Johan Torngerg (1807-

1877) from Arabic into Latin of passages from the World History of Ibn Khaldn
related to the Crusades.

1877-1807( 1840 ) .

Kitb al-Ibar. Selections

Histoire des Berberes et des dyn
Septentrionale par Abou-Zeid Abd
Khaldoun : Texte arabe = / Publie
guerre, collationne sur plusieurs
Slane.
Al-Jazir : Dr al-Tibah al-Sultnyah

... /

1847 : .

An early collated edition by the famous

Baron de-Slane (1801-1878) of the last
Ibar dealing with the history of the Ber
of the Maghreb, in two vols.
Kitb al-Ibar. Arabic & French. Selections
Histoire de l'Afrique sous la dynastie des Aghlabites, et de la Sicile
sous la domination musulmane [History of Africa under the dynasty
of Aghlabites, and Sicily under Moslem domination] / texte arabe
d'Ebn-Khaldoun, accompagne d'une traduction francaise et de
notes par A. Noel des Vergers.
Paris : Typographie de F. Didot freres, 1841.

.
/
.

The Arabic text with an early translation into French of sections from Ibn
Khaldns World history (Kitb al-Ibar) concerning the history of the Maghreb
and Sicily under the Aghlabites until the fall of Sicily to the Franks.

Kitb al-Ibar. Selections. French

Histoire des Berberes et des dyn
septentrionale [History of the Ber
North Africa / par Ibn-Khaldoun ;
Slane.
Alger : Imprimerie du governement, 18

The French translation of Baron de-Sla

Ibn Khaldns Kitb al-Ibar dealing wi
Islamic states and dynasties of the Mag
Lubb al-Muaal f ul al-dn [Quintessence of the Muaal
Summary on the fundamentals of religion] / li-Ab Zayd Abd al-
Ramn ibn Khaldn ; nasharahu Lsyn Rbiy.
Tiwn : Mahad Mawly al-asan, 1952.

/
.
1952 : .

This is an abridgement of both al-Muaal (Summary) [of the fundamentals

of the Islamic religion] of Fakhr al-Dn al-Rz (1150-1210) and its summary
Tal al-Muaal (Abridgement of al- Muaal) by Nar al-Dn al-s
(1201-1274). This was the very first work which Ibn Khaldn produced at the
age of 19. It is not an original work, a kind of a beginners exercise in
scholarship. It was edited by the Augustinian Fr. Luciano Rubio, Professor of
Philosophy at the Royal Monastery of Escorial, as part of his doctoral
dissertation, University of Madrid.

al-Srah al-Nabawyah li-Ibn Khal

Muhammad by Ibn Khaldn] / W
ibn Muammad ibn Abd al-Ram
marf bi-Ibn Khaldn ; aaahu
al-Bazrah.
al-Riy : Maktabat al-Marif lil-Nash

1998 : .

The biography of the Prophet Muhamm

Ibn Khaldn.
Kitab al-Ibar. Selections. Arabic
al-Yaman f Trkh Ibn Khaldn, al-musamm Kitb al-Ibar wa-
dwn al-mubtada wa-al-khabar f ayym al-Arab wa-al-Ajam wa-al-
Barbar wa-man arahum min dhaw al-Suln al-Akbar [Yemen in
the World History of Ibn Khaldn] / li-Abd al-Ramn ibn Khaldn ;
tabyn wa-talq Muammad usayn al-Fara.
an : al-Hayah al-mmah lil-Kitb, 2001

/
.
2001 : .

Edition, commentary and annotation of the Yemen section in the World History
of Ibn Khaldn by the Yemeni historian and scholar Muammad usayn al-
Fara.

Shif al-sil li-tahdhb al-masil

rectification of problems] / talf A
Bakr Muammad ibn Khaldn ;
awshiyahu wa-qaddama la-hu M
Istanbl : Uthmn Ylshn, 1957.

.
1957 : .

Another edition of Shif al-sil li-tahd

for rectification of problems] by the Mo
anj.
Shif al-sil li-tahdhb al-masil [Contentment of the seeker for
rectification of problems] / li-Ab Zayd Abd al-Ramn ibn
Muammad ibn Khaldn ; nasharahu wa-allaqa alayhi Ighniys
Abduh Khalfah al-Yas.
Bayrt : al-Mabaah al-Kthlkyah, 1959.

/
.
1959 : .

A treatise on Sufism by Ibn Khaldn, written at later period of his life, edited
with a commentary from a unique manuscript (owned by the Moroccan Mr. Ab
Bakr al-Tawn) by the Lebanese Jesuit Fr. Ighniys Abduh Khalfah.

Shif al-sil li-tahdhb al-masil

La voie et la loi, ou, Le maitre et
tahdhib al-masail / Ibn Khaldu
annote par Rene Perez.

A French translation of Ibn Khaldns S

masil treatise on Sufism which was w
Ibn Khaldn / Azz al-Azmah.
Bayrt : Riy al-Rayyis, 2000.

/ .
2000 : .

Selections from the works of Ibn Khaldn, mainly, his world history with a short
introduction explaining his historical method which the author criticizes and
shows the pitfalls in which he fell.

Ibn Khaldn : muassis ilm al-ijti

Bayrt : Bayt al-ikmah, [1969]

/ : .
1969[ : ]

This is a short introductory study of the

Ibn Khaldn introduced in his Muqadd
Ibn Khaldn mubdian : qirah jaddah li-fikrihi wa-manhajihi f
ilm al-ijtim [Ibn Khaldn as a creative thinker : a new
interpretation of his thinking and method in the science of
sociology] / Smiyah asan al-St.
al-Qhirah : Majlis al-Al lil-Thaqfah, 2006.

/ : .
2006 : .

The author highlights the innovative manner in thoughts and methods in which
Ibn Khaldn presented his sociological ideas.

al-Fikr al-Khaldn min khill al-M

Khaldn as it is demonstrated in t
Frq al-Nabhn.
Bayrt : Muassasat al-Rislah, 1998.

/ .
1998 : .

The author discusses and pinpoints the

of Ibn Khaldns reasoning and logical
Muqaddimah and states that they are in
and approaches of Islamic scholarship.
al-Fikr al-akhlq inda Ibn Khaldn [The Ethical thinking of Ibn
Khaldn] / Abd Allh Shurayyi.
[al-Jazir] : al-Sharikah al-Waanyah lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawz,1975.

/ .
[1975 : ].

A discussion of the ethical principals in Ibn Khaldns Muqaddimah and their

relations to philosophy, reason, science, politics, education, Islamic religious &
cultural norms, etc.

Maniq Ibn Khaldn f aw ar

Ibn Khaldn in the light of his cul
Ward.
Bayrt : Dr Kfn, 1994.

/
1994 : .

A discussion of the two aspects of Ibn K

The logical procedures on which he bui
non-intellectual factors which helped h
al-Fikr al-falsaf inda Ibn Khaldn / li-Abd al-Razzq al-Makk ;
taqdm Al Sm al-Nashshr.
[al-Iskandaryah : Mabi Ruwayyl, 1970]

/ .
[1970 : ]

In this doctoral dissertation the author studies the philosophical ideas of Ibn
Khaldn and maintains that as a Malikite and Asharite Ibn Khaldn applied the
Islamic inductive method which differs from the Greek deductive method in his
historical works; hence his introduction of an integral philosophical structure.

al-Fikr al-kalm inda ibn Khald

Khaldns thought] / Mun Ama
Bayrt : Majd, al-Muassasah al-Jmi

/ .
1997 :

Analysis of the kalm (Islamic scholast

al-Malakah al-lisnyah f Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldn : dirsah

alsunyah [Linguistic faculty in the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldn : a
linguistic study] / Mshl Zakary.
Bayrt, Lubnn : al-Muassasah al-Jmiyah lil-Dirst wa-al-Nashr wa-al-
Tawz, 1986.

/ : .
1986 : .

A study of Ibn Khaldns ideas about language as they are found in his
Muqaddimah and comparing them to modern linguistic theories.

al-Khib al-trkh : dirsah li-ma

historical discourse : a study of Ib
mll.
Bayrt : Mahad al-Inm al-Arab, [19

/ :
1981 [ : ]

The author attempts, contrary to other

the Muqaddimah as a separate entity fr
to relate Ibn his Muqaddimah to his W
Muqaddimah from within Kitb al-Iba
al-Nazaryt al-iqtidyah inda Ibn Khaldn wa-ususuh min al-
fikr al-Islm wa-al-wqi al-mujtama : dirsah falsafyah wa-
ijtimyah [The economic theories of Ibn Khaldn and its
foundations in Islamic thought and in actual societal reality : a
philosophical and sociological study] / Abd al-Majd Mizyn.
al-Jazir : al-Muassasah al-Waanyah lil-Kitb : Dwn al-Mabt al-
Jmiyah, 1988.

:
/ .
1988 : : .

The author attempts to relate Ibn Khaldns economic theories to their origins
in Islamic thought and the societal environment in which Ibn Khaldn lived.
(Abd al-Majd Mizyn is an Algerian scholar, intellectual and revolutionary. His
Ph.D. is in Philosophy from the University of Algiers which he became its
president in 1981. He was the minister of education, 1982-1986)

Jughrfyat al-umrn inda Ibn K

urbanism in Ibn Khaldns Muqa
al-Kuwayt : Jmiat al-Kuwayt, Qism a
Tarjamah : al-Jamyah al-Jughrfyah

/ .
:
1988.

An exposition of Ibn Khaldns ideas ab

human geography and urbanism.
Ibn Khaldn : nqid al-trkh wa-al-adab [Ibn Khaldn : critic of
history and literature] / Uthmn Muwf.
al-Iskandaryah : Muassasat al-Thaqfah al-Jmiyah, [1976]

/ : .
1976[ : ]

A study of Ibn Khaldn as history and literature critic. The author shows that
Ibn Khaldns critical ideas of history were much more developed that his
literary ones because he thought literature is different from history in that
literature is an art without substance; it is concerned only about form and
composition, while history is a science which studies human society.

Ibn Khaldn : maql f al-manhaj

about experimental methodology
arbulus, al-Jamhryah al-Arabyah
al-Munshaah al-mmah, 1984.

/ .
1984 :

A study of the structure of Ibn Khaldn

human social organization.
al-Falsafah al-amalyah inda Ibn Khaldn wa-Ibn al-Azraq f al-
tayyr al-ijtim al-trkh [Practical philosophy of Ibn Khaldn and
Ibn al-Azraq in the socio-historical trend] / ishrf Al Zayr.
Bayrt : Muassasat Izz al-Dn, 1993.

/
1993.
: .
1993

A study of the practical philosophy of Ibn Khaldn and his Andalusian

compatriot Muammad ibn Al ibn al-Azraq (1428 or 9-1491) who followed in
the footsteps of Ibn Khaldn in his sociological works.

Ibn Khaldn Islmyan [Ibn Khal

/ Imd al-Dn Khall.
Bayrt : Dimashq : al-Maktab al-Islm

/ .
1985 : .

The author states that most of the num

ignored the Islamic religious principles
or made him only mentioning them to
accord with his methodology. The prese
Islamic religious aspects of Ibn Khald
formulated his ideas about history and
Ibn Khaldn min khill nafis al-Maktabah al-Waanyh : fihris
bibliyughraf = Ibn Khaldoun dans les tresors de la Bibliotheque
Nationale : catalogue bibliographique [Ibn Khaldn within the
treasures of the [Tunisian] National Library : a bibliographic
catalog] / al-tansq al-mm, Smiyah Qamart.
[Tunis] : al-Jumhryah al-Tnisyah, Wizrat al-Thaqfah wa-al-Mufazah
al al-Turth, al-Maktabah al-Waanyah, 2006.

/ : .
[2006 : ].

A descriptive list of the bibliographical materials by, and on, Ibn Khaldn held
at the Tunisian National Library.

Al khu Ibn Khaldn [On the fo

Wahhb B udaybah, Munrah S
Murd bin Mamd.
Tnis : Dr al-Janb lil-Nashr, 2006.

2006 : .

A panoramic sketch of the life and time

from Seville (Spain), the city of his ance
upbringing, to Cairo and Damascus.
Nihyat usrat nazaryt Ibn Khaldn : muqtabasah min Rasil
Ikhwn al-af [The end of the legend of the theory of Ibn Khaldn :
derived from the Epistles of the Brethren of Purity] / Mamd
Isml.
al-Manrah, J.M.A. : mir lil-ibah wa-al-Nashr, 1996.

/ : .
1996 : . . . .

The author quotes sections from Rasil Ikhwn al-af The Epistles of the
Brethren of Purity (a tenth century mysterious society of intellectuals and
scholars based in Barah, Iraq) to prove that Ibn Khaldn derived his innovative
theories from their works, a collection of 52 treatises dealing with philosophy
and science. On the whole, this study is very unfavorable of Ibn Khaldn and
does not hesitate to brand him as a disturbed and frustrated opportunist,
mercenary, forger and plagiarizer.

Hal intahat usrat Ibn Khaldn?

wa-al-mufakkirn al-Arab [Has th
an end? : hot debate among Arab
Mamd Isml.
al-Qhirah : Dr Qib, 2000.

/
.
2000 : .

The authors previous publication in wh

theories were actually borrowed from p
among the Arab intellectuals and acade
others supported it, and yet others post
present work the author collected the d
them.
Ibn Khaldn and Tamerlane : their historic meeting in Damascus,
1401 A.D. (803 A.H.) : A study based on Arabic manuscripts of Ibn
Khaldn's "Autobiography," / with a translation into English, and a
commentary by Walter J. Fischel.
Berkeley : University of California Press, 1952.

[ : ) 803( 1401 :
/ ] .

This study is based on the autobiography of Ibn Khaldn which he appended to

the last volume of his History of the world Kitab al-Ibar under the title: al-
Tarif bi-Ibn Khaldn muallif al-kitab wa-rihlatihi Gharban wa-Shrqan:
Introducing Ibn Khaldn the author of the book and his journey East and
West:

"" .

Ibn Khaldun : historian, sociologi

Schmidt.
New York : Columbia University press,

A short, but early study about Ibn Khal

university; Nathaniel Schmidt, Professo
and Oriental history at Cornell Univers
extant manuscripts, editions and transl
works of Ibn Khaldn.
Ibn Khaldn : aytuh wa-turthuh al-fikr. Arabic
Ibn Khaldun : his life and work / by Muhammad Abdullah Enan.
Lahore (India) : Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, 1941.

A translation into English of the authors Arabic original work:

/ : .

Ibn Khaldn : history as science a

Robert Simon ; translated by Kl
Budapest : Akademiai Kiado , 2002.

[ /
]

Translation into English from the origi

Khaldn : tortenelemtudomny es
Kiado, 1999.
During the European waves of discove
became the patron saint of many diffe
economics, philosophy of history, polit
13.
Ibn Khaldun and the Medieval Maghrib / Michael Brett.
Aldershort, England : Ashgate Variorum, 1999.

A collection of articles on the Maghreb (Northwestern Africa) in the Middle

Ages (7th to the 14th century) based on the information presented in Ibn
Khaldns World history Kitb al-Ibar.

Ibn Khaldn in Egypt : his public

research, 1382-1406 : a study in Is
Fischel.
Berkeley : University of California Pres

This study analizes the career and acco

last 23 years of his life from his arrival
death in Cairo on March 17, 1406.
Ibn Khaldn and Islamic ideology / edited by Bruce B. Lawrence.
Leiden : E.J. Brill, 1984.

[ . / ]

A collection of papers read at a symposium commemorating the 650th

anniversary of the birth of Ibn Khaldn (May 27, 1332-March 17, 1406) held at
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A.

Ibn Khaldn : an essay in reinterp

London ; Totowa, N.J. : Cass, 1982.

[ / : ]

The author states in the Preface that Ib

true historical source of his time; he is
sociological and cultural interpreter of
medieval and modern Arab-Islamic cul
is considered to be so universal as to co
progenitoror, at the very least, anticip
Ibn Khaldn in modern scholarship : a study in orientalism / Aziz al-
Azmeh.
London : Third World Centre for Research and Publishing, 1981.

[ / : ]

Ibn Khaldn has almost become an intellectual household name. In different

ways, sociologists, economists, philosophers of history, as well as liberals,
Marxists, Arab nationalists, and fascists have all claimed him as their own
Preface (p. v).

The epistemology of Ibn Khaldn

London ; New York : RoutledgeCurzon

[ / ]

This is an analytical examination of Ib

Chapter Six of the Muqaddimah. In thi
Knowledge (Kitab al-Ilm), Ibn Khald
knowledge and science and its relations
the establishment of civilization. Zaid A
foundation of Ibn Khaldns concept of
science and the sociological context in w
transformed into the force that determ
Al-Asabiyya : a conflicting socio-religious factor in the modern
times? : approximation of Nigeria's "groups-in-group" syndrome /
Ikechukwu Mike Nduka.
Wurzburg : Echter ; Altenberge : Oros, 1998.

Ibn Khaldn undertook to search for the reasons within his time, which he
believed, were responsible for those dark periods in Islamic social, religious and
political history. At last he arrived at the term, Asabiyya [Aabyah: ]:
social solidarity, or blood relationship; a keyword responsible for the rise,
expansion and decline of the great Islamic Empire. Ibn Khaldns anatomy of
the term, related to the biological cycle of birth-growth-death, justifies the view
that every society bears in itself the seed of its destruction or fallP. 12.

Social institutions : Ibn Khaldun's

Lanham, Md. : University Press of Ame

[ / :

Differences of conditions among peop

which they make their living. Social org
toward that end. Ibn KhaldnP. iii.
Society, state, and urbanism : Ibn Khaldns sociological thought /
Fuad Baali.
Albany : State University of New York Press, c1988.

[ / : ]

This book probes the nature, scope, and methods of ilm al-umarn [science of
human social organization], the new science of human social organization, as it
is developed in Ibn Khaldns 14th century masterpiece, the Muqaddimah. It
explores his ideas and observations on society, culture, socialization, social
control, the state, aabyah (social solidarity), history as cyclical movement,
urbanization, and the typology of badwah (primitive life)
and arah (civilized life or urbanism)P. [4] of cover.

The political theory of Ibn Khald

Leiden, E.J. Brill, 1967.

[ / ]

Realism and flexibility are among the

Khaldns political theory. His goal was
can be defended against anarchy and m
the Sharah [Islamic Law] as the highe
system. The second alternative is a com
system]. The third alternative is a secul
emphasizes that it can only survive and
on rational laws (Cf. p. 169).
Sociology of sociology : in search of-- Ibn-Khaldun's sociology : then
and now / Saleh Faghirzadeh.
Tehran : Soroush Press, 1982.

The writing of this study of Ibn Khaldn has been guided by two main
purposes: First, to present an extensive outline of his socio-historical ideas.
Second, to interpret his thinking by relating the topics to the topics to each other
in a systematic fashionP. [7].

Etude analytique et critique de la

Khaldoun [Analytical and critical
Ibn Khaldn] / par T. Hussein.
Paris : A. Pedone, 1917.

h usayns doctoral dissertation on

which was presented to Faculte des le
Ibn Khaldn : L'homme et le theoricien de la civilisation [Ibn
Khaldn : the man and civilization theoretician] / Abdesselam
Cheddadi.
[Paris] : Gallimard, 2006.

A new publication on Ibn Khaldn, his life and his contribution to the history of
civilization, in French by the contemporary Moroccan scholar and Ibn Khaldn
specialist Dr. Abd al-Salm al-Shaddad.

Ibn Khaldoun : naissance de l'hist

Khaldn : the birth of history, the
Lacoste.
Paris : Maspero, 1966.

A study of Ibn Khaldns theories regar

theories about the birth, growth, declin

This work has also been translated into

Ibn Khaldoun : naissance de l'histoire, passe du tiers-monde.

English
Ibn Khaldn : the birth of history and the past of the Third World /
Yves Lacoste.
London : Verso, 1984.

[ / : ]

Those historians and philosophers who have had occasion to read his [Ibn
Khaldn] work praise him unstintingly: Ibn Khaldn was the greatest historian
and philosopher ever produced by Islam and one of the greatest of all time. The
work of Ibn Khaldn is one of the most substantial and interesting books ever
written. He has conceived and formulated a philosophy of history which is
undoubtedly the greatest work of its kind that has ever yet been produced by
any mind in any time or placePreface, p. [1].

Ibn Khaldoun : sa philosophie soc

Ibn Khaldn : Falsafatuhu al-ijtim
sociological philosophy / by Gasto
tarjamat dil Zuaytir.
Bayrt : al-Muassasah al-Arabyah lil-

/
1984 : .

An exposition of Ibn Khaldns philoso

Ibn Haldn et l'histoire [Ibn Khaldn and history]/ Mohamed Talbi.
Tunis : Maison tunisienne de l'edition, 1973.

A study of Ibn Khaldns historical methodology and perception of history.

La Magie arabe traditionnelle ... [

[traduit de l'arabe] ; introduction
Sylvain Matton.
Ibn Khaldun : La magie et la scie

Includes, among other works on traditi

French of chapters 28-29 of the Muqad
talismans and the secrets of the letters
Ulm al-sir wa-al-illismt (
Im asrr al-urf ()
Trois etudes sur Ibn Khaldoun [Three studies about Ibn Khaldn] /
Djeghloul Abdelkader.
Alger : Entreprise nationale du livre, 1984.

The three studies in French on Ibn Khaldn by the Algerian scholar Abd al-
Qdir Jaghll dicussing his views on sociology, historical materialism, politics
and history.

La Pensee realiste d'Ibn Khald

Khaldn] / par Nassif Nassar.
Paris : Presses universitaire de France,

The authors doctoral dissertation pres

Sciences Humaines de lUniversit de P
explanation of Ibn Khaldns thinking.
Arabic and Persian.
Kitb al-Ibar. French. Selections
Peuples et nations du monde : extraits des Ibar / choisis,
presentes, traduits de l'arabe et annotes par Abdesselam Cheddadi
[People and nations of the world] :
Paris : Sindbad, 1986.

[ /
] .

Annotated translation into French of selections from the World history of Ibn
Khaldn (Kitab al-Ibar). In 2 vols.

Philosophie politique de l'islam :

aujourd'hui [Political philosophy
Ibn Khaldn to present] / Jamil S
Paris : Atelier de l'Archer, 2000.

Analysis of Ibn Khaldns political idea

Islam.
Ibn Khaldns Wissenschaft von der menschlichen Kultur [Ibn
Khaldns science of human culture] / Simon Heinrich.
Leipzig : O. Harrassowitz, 1959.

Countries which have many tribes and groups seldom can the state al-dawlah
become deep-rooted in them; the reason is the existence of many opinions and
inclinations, and that behind every opinion and inclination exists social
solidarity aabyah to defend itP. 103 (Translation into English of the
accompanying Arabic text).

Ibn Khalduns gedanken uber den

der mittelalterichen staatslehre [I
state : a contribution to the histor
Middle Ages] / von Erwin Rosenth
Munchen und Berlin : R. Oldenbourg,

A study of Ibn Khaldns political think

Khalifat, Konigtum und Verfall : die politsche Theorie Ibn Khaldns
[Caliphate, kingdom and decline : the political theory of Ibn
Khaldn] / Peter von Sivers.
[Munchen] : P. List, [1968]

A study of Ibn Khaldns political theory as it applies to the rise and fall of the
political Islamic institution through the different stages of its development,
decline and fall.

Istoriko-sotsiologicheskii traktat
[Human urbanism in the Muqadd
Batsieva.
Moskva : Nauka Glav. red. vostochnoi

Analysis of Ibn Khaldns sociological i

philosophy of human social organizatio
Ibn Chaldun tentang masjarakat dan Negara [Ibn Khaldns views
on society and state] / Osman Raliby.
Djakarta : Bulan Bintang, 1965.

A study in Indonesian about Ibn Khaldns views on society and state.

Ibn aldn e la Muqaddima : una

and the Muqaddimah : a philosop
Milano : All'insegna del pesce d'oro, 19

A study of Ibn Khaldns philosophy of

the Muqaddimah translated into Italia
Ibn Jaldun : el Mediterrneo en el siglo XIV : auge y declive de los
imperios [Ibn Khaldn : The Mediterranean [Region] in the XIV
century : the rise and fall of empires]
Sevilla : Fundacion El Legado Andalusi : Fundacion Jose Manuel Lara,
[2006]

Catalog of an exhibition held in the Real Alczar de Sevilla, May-Sept. 2006. In

2 vols.

iwr awla al-fikr al-Khaldn [A

thinking] / [maa Abd Allh al-Ar
[Morocco] : Jardat al-Ittid al-Ishtir

... [ /
[1986 : ].

Transcripts of interviews with ten Arab

thinking of Ibn Khaldn, conducted by
in conjunction with the conference whi
University of Muammad al-Khmis, R
al-Durr al-man bi-tahdhb Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldn : wa-mahu
al-madkhal il Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldn [The well-guarded pearls
concerning the revision of the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldn : with an
introduction to the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldn] / hadhdhabah
wa-allaqa alayh iy al-Dn Rajab Shihb al-Dn.
al-Shriqah : Dr al-Fat, 1995.

/ :

.
1995 : .

An abridged and revised version of Ibn Khaldns Muqaddimah with

commentaries and explanations. Some sections of the Muqaddimah which the
editor deemed irrelevant to the modern Arab reader were omitted. He states,
however, that those who want to consult the complete version of the
Muqaddimah can do so in its different unabridged editions.