Thermal Stress

It is well known that changes in

temperature cause dimensional
changes in a body: An increase in
temperature results in expansion,
whereas a temperature decrease
produces contraction. This
deformation is isotropic (the same
in every direction) and proportional
to the temperature change.
Thermal Stress
If thermal deformation is permitted to
occur freely (by using expansion
joints or roller supports, for
example), no internal forces will be
induced in the bodythere will be
strain, but no stress. In cases where
the deformation of a body is
restricted, either totally or
partially, internal forces will develop
that oppose the thermal expansion or
contraction. The stresses caused by
these internal forces are known as
thermal stresses.
Problem 1
The bronze bar 3 m long with a cross-
sectional area of 350 sq. mm is placed
between two rigid walls. At a
temperature of -20 C, there is a gap =
2.2 mm, as shown in the figure. Find
the temperature at which the
compressive stress in the bar will be
30 MPa. Use = 18.0E-6/ C and E = 80
GPa.
Problem 1
The bronze bar 3 m long with a cross-
sectional area of 350 sq. mm is placed
between two rigid walls. At a
temperature of -20 C, there is a gap =
2.2 mm, as shown in the figure. Find
the temperature at which the
compressive stress in the bar will be
30 MPa. Use = 18.0E-6/ C and E = 80
GPa.
Problem 1
Problem 2
Calculate the increase in stress in
each segment of the compound bar if the
temperature is increased by 80 F.
Assume that the supports are unyielding
and use the following data:
Problem 2
Problem 3
The rigid, horizontal slab is attached
to two identical copper rods. There is
a gap = 0.18 mm between the middle
bar, which is made of aluminum, and the
slab. Neglecting the mass of the slab,
calculate the stress in each rod when
the temperature in the assembly is
increased by 85 C. Use the following
data:
Problem 3
Problem 4

The composite bar is firmly attached to

unyielding supports. The bar is
stress-free at 60 F. Use = 6.5E-6/ F
for steel and = 12.8E10-6/ F for
aluminum. At what temperature will the
aluminum and steel segments have
stresses of equal magnitude after the
50kip force is applied?
Problem 4
Problem 5
The rigid bar of negligible weight is supported as
shown in the figure. If W = 80 kN, compute the
temperature change of the assembly that will cause
a tensile stress of 50 MPa in the steel rod. Use the
following data:
Problem 5