MAKERERE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, DESIGN, ART AND

TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GROUP ASSIGNMENT: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEISMIC

DESIGN OF 10 STOREY BUILDING (STATIC AND DYNAMIC
METHODS)

GROUP MEMBERS
S/No NAME REG. NUMBER
1 MBAYO DAVID GODFREY 2016/HD08/591U
2 KAYIMA GEOFRREY 2016/HD08/3204U
3 TIBOTI PAUL 2016/HD08/613U

COURSE: MSC. CIVIL ENGINEERING

(STRUCTURES OPTION)

LECTURER: DR. MOSES MATOVU

DATE OF SUBMISSION: TUES 7th / JULY/2017

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CIV7232: ASSIGNMENT DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURE
Abstract:
In this project, an office block of 10 multi-story building is studied for its response to seismic loads using
the different methods of analysis. Assumptions are made that the material property is linear static and
dynamic analysis are performed.
In this project, the X-direction was considered for the loading actions both static and dynamic. Its also
observed that the different responses like displacement, story drift and base shear compare well with all the
methods used i.e. the seismic coefficient method, Response spectrum carried out both in MATLAB and
ETABS and Response History analysis.

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CIV7232: ASSIGNMENT DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURE
Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 4
2.0 ANALYSIS BY SEISMIC COEFFICIENT METHOD ......................................................................... 5
3.0 ANALYSIS BY RESPONSE SPECTRUM METHOD-MATLAB ....................................................... 7
4.0 ANALYSIS BY RESPONSE SPECTRUM METHOD-ETABS ......................................................... 18
5.0 ANALYSIS BY RESPONSE HISTORY ANALYSIS-ETABS .......................................................... 27
6.0 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS............................................................................................................... 33
7.0 CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................................................... 35

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The buildings experience translational and rotational movements as a response to the vibration of soil under
the building, that resulted from the seismic earthquake (EQ) waves. The amount and type of this response
is related with the dynamic properties of the building. This dynamic effect induces inertia forces on the
structure and relative displacement takes place between stories of the building, which further results in the
structural/non-structural damage.
BUILDING SPECIFICATIONS
Data for Building
1. Building purpose Office building
2. Plan dimension 12m X 24m
3. Typical Storey height 3.0m
4. Number of Storeys 10
5. Depth of slab 200mm
6. Live load (floor) 2.5kN/m2
7. Materials C30,
8. Beam sizes 600 x 300mm
9. Column sizes 550 x 550mm

Static Load Cases

Self-weight of structural members 4.8kN/m2
Uniform load on slabs 1kN/m2
Reducible live load 2.5kN/m2
Assumptions
1. The total mass of the structure is concentrated at the levels of floors
2. The beams on the floor are infinitely rigid as compared to the columns
3. The deformation of the structure is independent of the axial forces present in the columns.
The above assumptions transform the problem from a structure with an infinite number of degree of freedom
(due to distributed mass) to a structure which has only as many degrees as it has lumped masses at the floor
levels.
The mathematical model consists from squares columns of dimension 550 x 550mm with infinitely rigid
beams. The entire mass of each Storey is assumed to be lumped at its level with total value of typical Storey
mass as computed below.
Loading on floors
Location Self-weight + Partitions Live Load (kN/m2)
(kN/m2)
Floors 5.8 2.5
weight per unit area = 240.2 + 1 = 5.8/2
Seismic weight of each floor = dead load + a fraction of imposed load
= 12245.8 + 0.312242.5 = 1886.4
Total seismic weight of the building, = 101886.4 = 1886.4
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2.0 ANALYSIS BY SEISMIC COEFFICIENT METHOD
= (318: 2003)
Horizontal seismic coefficient, = 0.0420.71.52 = 0.0882
Total Base shear is given by, = = 0.088218864 = 1663.8

where
Basic seismic coefficient for the fundamental translational period in the direction under consideration
(depending on the subsoil category) C= 0.042 (Figure 1 US318:2003)
Seismic zone factor (for Zone 3) Z=0.7 (Clause 9.1.6 US318:2003)
Importance factor I=1.5 (Table 3. US318:2003)
Structural performance factor (dependent on the type of structure) K=2.0 (Table 4: US318:2003)

Fundamental natural time period, = 0.0750.75 = 0.075300.75 = 0.9614

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 Table 2.0: Computing the lateral forces

Lateral
Base Shear
Floor hi(m) Wi(kN) Wih2i Wih2i/(Wih2i) Vb load Qi
(kN)
(kN)
10 30 1598.4 1438560.00 0.25974 1409.79 366.18 366.18
9 27 1598.4 1165233.60 0.21039 1409.79 296.61 662.78
8 24 1598.4 920678.40 0.16623 1409.79 234.35 897.14
7 21 1598.4 704894.40 0.12727 1409.79 179.43 1076.57
6 18 1598.4 517881.60 0.09351 1409.79 131.82 1208.39
5 15 1598.4 359640.00 0.06494 1409.79 91.54 1299.94
4 12 1598.4 230169.60 0.04156 1409.79 58.59 1358.52
3 9 1598.4 129470.40 0.02338 1409.79 32.96 1391.48
2 6 1598.4 57542.40 0.01039 1409.79 14.65 1406.13
1 3 1598.4 14385.60 0.00260 1409.79 3.66 1409.79
5538456.00

Given that this structure is treated in such a way that the floors are capable of providing rigid horizontal
diaphragm action. The total shear in any horizontal plane shall be distributed to the various vertical elements
of lateral force resisting system, assuming the floors to be infinitely rigid in the horizontal plane
Code Provision
The design base shear shall be compared with the calculated base shear using the fundamental period T a

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3.0 ANALYSIS BY RESPONSE SPECTRUM METHOD-MATLAB
The concrete as a material of columns and beam has modulus of elasticity equal to

= 5000 = 500030 = 27.386106 /2

1. Determination of Lumped Mass

It is a diagonal matrix with nonzero elements only in the main diagonal where each one of these elements
represents the total equivalent entire mass of the Storey as a concentrated lumped mass.
( + 0.3 + )
=

(12244.8 + 0.312242.5 + 11224)
= = 188.6. 2 /
10
Mass matrix

188.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 188.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 188.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


0 0 0 188.6 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 188.6 0 0 0 0 0
M kN. Sec 2 / m
0 0 0 0 0 188.6 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 188.6 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 188.6 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 188.6 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 188.6

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CIV7232: ASSIGNMENT DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURE
 2. Determination of stiffness K
This is determined by application of a unit displacement to each Storey alternately and evaluation of
resulting forces. This equal to the total sum of column stiffness of that Storey.
12
=
3
Where (h) is the Storey height, and Ic is the moment of inertia of columns section given by:

3 0.550.553
= = = 0.007634
12 12
The stiffness of the Storey is given by:
482.7386107 0.00763
= = 4 = = 371476/
3.03
k1 k 2 k2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
k2 k 2 k3 k3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 k3 k3 k 4 k4 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 k4 k 4 k5 k5 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 k5 k5 k6 k6 0 0 0 0
K
0 0 0 0 k6 k6 k7 k7 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 k7 k 7 k8 k8 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 k8 k8 k9 k9 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 k9 k 9 k10 k10

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 k10 k10

2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0
K 371476 kN / m
0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

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Natural vibration frequency and corresponding vibration mode shapes:
By solving the following equation below the natural vibration frequencies and corresponding mode shapes
can be determined
[K-2M] =0
2 - are the eigenvalues indicating the square of free vibration frequencies
- displacement vectors
Equation of motion
[M]{} +[K]{u} =0
Using MATLAB, the following expression can be solved for square of frequencies;
[] = ([][])

Square of Frequencies matrix

MATLAB CODE:
[ModeShapes,Lambda]=eig(inv(M)*K) %ModeShapes and Squared Frequencies

The result will be:

44.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 390.11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1051.59 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


0 0 0 1969 .65 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 3062.72 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 4233.68 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 5378.49 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6395.41 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7194.10 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7703.59

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Frequencies matrix ()

MATLAB CODE:
Freq=zeros(10)
for i=1:10;
Freq(i,i)=Lambda(i,i)^0.5
end

6.63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 19.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 32.43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 44.38 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 55.34 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 65.07 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 73.34 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 79.97 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 84.82 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 87.77

Mode shape matrix ()

MATLAB CODE:
[ModeShapes,Lambda]=eig(inv(M)*K) %ModeShapes and Squared Frequencies

0.0650 0.1894 0.2969 0.3780 0.4255 0.4352 0.4063 0.3412 0.2459 0.1286
0.1286 0.3412 0.4352 0.3780 0.1894 0.0650 0.2969 0.4255 0.4063 0.2459

0.1894 0.4255 0.3412 0.0000 0.3412 0.4255 0.1894 0.1894 0.4255 0.3412

0.2459 0.4255 0.0650 0.3780 0.3412 0.1286 0.4352 0.1894 0.2969 0.4063
0.2969 0.3412 0.2459 0.3780 0.1894 0.4063 0.1286 0.4255 0.0650 0.4352

0.3412 0.1894 0.4255 0.0000 0.4255 0.1894 0.3412 0.3412 0.1894 0.4255
0.3780 0.0000 0.3780 0.3780 0.0000 0.3780 0.3780 0.0000 0.3780 0.3780

0.4063 0.1894 0.1286 0.3780 0.4255 0.2459 0.0650 0.3412 0.4352 0.2969

0.4255 0.3412 0.1894 0.0000 0.1894 0.3412 0.4255 0.4255 0.3412 0.1894
0.4353 0.4255 0.4063 0.3780 0.3412 0.2969 0.2459 0.1894 0.1286 0.0650

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 3. Determination of Period matrix
2
The period(T) of motion is given as a function of frequency as follows: = ()

MATLAB CODE:
Period=zeros(10) %Period matrix
for i=1:10
Period(i,i)=2*pi/Freq(i,i)
end

0.9472 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0.3181 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0.1938 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


0 0 0 0.1416 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.1135 0 0 0 0 0
T
0
Sec
0 0 0 0 0 0.0966 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0857 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0786 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0741 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0716

4. Determination of Response Spectrum Acceleration

The response spectrum is a plot of maximum accelerations for all periods, a system has specified period on
its mass and stiffness. This means that we know the vibration period of a specific mass we can determine
its acceleration depending on response spectrum function.
The response spectrum function depends on the site characteristics; thus, the design code gives the response
spectrum as a function of zone and soil profile.
The acceleration matrix:

MATLAB CODE:
Sa=zeros(10) %Acceleration Matrix
for i=1:10
if Period(i,i)>0.4
Sa(i,i)=0.3*10/Period(i,i)
else
Sa(i,i)=0.75*10
end
end

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CIV7232: ASSIGNMENT DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURE
 3.5836 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 7.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 7.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 7.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 7.5 0 0 0 0 0
Sa m / sec 2
0 0 0 0 0 7.5 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5

5. Determination of maximum modal displacement:

The maximum modal displacement matrix is given by: U= = 2

Where: (L) matrix of modal excitation factor given by: = {1}

m* - generalized modal mass matrix given by: =

MATLAB CODE:
LL=ModeShapes'*M*[1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1] %Modal Excitation matrix
for i=1:10
L(i,i)=LL(i,1)
end

549.187 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 180.316 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 104.864 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


0 0 0 71.284 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 51.608 0 0 0 0 0
L
0 0 0 0 0 38.187 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 28.060 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19.820 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.695 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.203

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 MATLAB CODE:
ModalMass=ModeShapes'*M*ModeShapes %Modal Mass Matrix

138.24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 138.24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 138.24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 138.24 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 138.24 0 0 0 0 0
m*
0 0 0 0 0 138.24 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 138.24 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 138.24 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 138.24 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 138.24

Thus, modal displacement

MATLAB CODE:
U_Modal=ModeShapes*(L/ModalMass)*(Sa/Lambda) %Modal Displacement

0.014 0.003 0.001 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.027 0.006 0.002 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.040 0.008 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


0.052 0.008 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.062 0.006 0.001 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0
U
0
m
0.072 0.003 0.002 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.079 0 0.001 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.085 0.003 0.001 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.089 0.006 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.091 0.008 0.002 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0

6. Determination of maximum story-displacement:

We will use the square root of sum of the squares (SRSS) of the modal displacement.

10

= ( )2 = (1 )2 + (2 )2 + (3 )2 +(4 )2 +(5 )2+ (6 )2 + + (10 )2

=1

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 MATLAB CODE:
for i=1:10 %Maximum storey Displacement due to SRSS combination
S=0
for j=1:10
S=S+U_Modal(i,j)^2
end
U_Max(i,1)=S^0.5
end

0.0141
0.0277
0.0404

0.0521
0.0625
U max
0.0716
m

0.0792
0.0852
0.0894

0.0916

7. Determination of maximum modal elastic-forces:

=

For the matrix of modal elastic forces

MATLAB CODE:
fs=M*ModeShapes*L/ModalMass*Sa %Maximum Modal ElasticForces matrix

113.14 256.09 233.47 202.07 164.69 124.65 85.5 50.72 23.41 5.98
223.75 461.45 342.29 202.07 73.29 18.63 62.47 63.25 38.68 11.44
329.36 575.42 268.36 0 132.07 121.86 39.85 28.15 40.51 15.88


427.62 575.42 51.16 202.07 132.07 36.84 91.59 28.15 28.26 18.90
516.32 461.45 193.36 202.07 73.29 116.36 27.07 63.25 6.19 20.25
f s 593.49 256.09 334.64 0 164.69 54.23 71.81 50.72 18.03 19.80

657.40 0 297.26 202.07 0 108.25 79.54 0 35.99 17.58
706.63 256.09 101.17 202.07 164.69 70.41 13.69 50.72 41.44 13.81
740.07 461.45 148.93 0 73.29 97.73 89.54 63.25 32.49 8.81

756.98 575.42 319.52 202.07 132.07 85.02 51.74 28.15 12.25 3.03

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 8. Determination of maximum modal story shear forces:

= ( )
=+1

MATLAB CODE:
for i=1:10 %Maximum Modal Storey shear Matrix
for j=1:10
S=0
for a=1:j
S=S+fs(a,i)
end
V_Modal(j,i)=S
end
end

113.14 256.09 233.47 202.07 164.69 124.65 85.50 50.72 23.41 5.98
336.89 717.54 575.75 404.14 237.99 106.02 23.03 -12.53 -15.27 -5.45
666.25 1292.97 844.11 404.14 105.91 -15.85 -16.82 15.62 25.24 10.42
1093.87 1868.39 895.27 202.07 -26.16 21.00 74.77 43.77 -3.03 -8.48
1610.20 2329.84 701.91 0.00 47.14 137.35 47.69 -19.48 3.17 11.77
2203.69 2585.93 367.27 0.00 211.83 83.12 -24.12 31.24 21.20 -8.03
2861.09 2585.93 70.01 202.07 211.83 -25.13 55.43 31.24 -14.79 9.56
3567.72 2329.84 -31.16 404.14 47.14 45.28 69.11 -19.48 26.65 -4.25
4307.80 1868.39 117.77 404.14 -26.16 143.01 -20.43 43.77 -5.84 4.56
5064.78 1292.97 437.29 202.07 105.91 57.99 31.31 15.62 6.41 1.53

9. Determination of maximum total Storey shear forces:

= ( )2 = ( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( ) +( )
=1

MATLAB CODE:
for i=1:10 %Maximum Total storey shear forces due SRSS combinations

S=0
for j=1:10
S=S+V_Modal(i,j)^2
end
V_Max(i,1)=S^0.5
end

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 476.28
1091.79

1733.29

2353.40
2921.90
V max

3425.20
3868.91

4281.50
4716.86

5250.87

10. Determination of Modal participation factors:

=

MATLAB CODE:
MPF=L/ModalMass

2.91 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0.96 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0.56 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0.38 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.27 0 0 0 0 0
MPF
0 0 0 0 0 0.20 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.15 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.11 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.07 0


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.03

11. Determination of modal participation mass ratio:

The modal Participation mass ratio represents the part of total mass which responds to earthquake motion.
2
( )
= %

MATLAB CODE:
for i=1:6
Sigma_M=Sigma_M+M(i,i)
end
MPMR=((L*L/ModalMass)/Sigma_M)*100

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CIV7232: ASSIGNMENT DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURE
 84.793 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 9.141 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 3.091 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1.429 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.749 0 0 0 0 0
MPMR
0 0 0 0 0 0.410 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.221 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.110 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.045 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.011

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CIV7232: ASSIGNMENT DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURE
4.0 ANALYSIS BY RESPONSE SPECTRUM METHOD-ETABS
Build of mathematical Computer model
The frame is modeled as a Ten Storey with storey height 3.0m and 12m x 24m.

Figure 4.0: Building Plan Grid system and storey data

Figure 4.1: Material property Concrete

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Define columns properties
The column is modeled to have infinite axial area, so that axial deformation is neglected. Also, zero column
shear column area is input to trigger the ETABS option of neglecting shear deformation. These
deformations are neglected to be consistent with the hand calculated model.

Figure 4.2: Column property/stiffness modification factors

Define Beams Properties
The beam is modelled as a rigid beam to have infinite moment of inertia compared to column, so the axial
deformation is neglected. Also, neglecting both shear deformations and axial deformations.

Figure 4.3: Beam property/stiffness modification factors

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CIV7232: ASSIGNMENT DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURE
Draw point object at mid-span of the beams in order to assign lumped mass to storey level

Figure 4.5: Assigning lumped mass

Define Mass source

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Figure 4.6: Assigning Diaphragm
Define Response spectrum using El Centro 1940
Using SeismoSignal, the ground motion is input and we generate the pseudo accelerations which are
saved and used in ETABS as response spectrum.

Figure 4.7: Elastic response spectrum for El Centro

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CIV7232: ASSIGNMENT DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURE
Figure 4.8: Response spectrum function definition
Define and assign Response Spectrum case data

Figure 4.9: Load case Data

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Run Analysis

Figure 4.10: Load cases run

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RESULTS

TABLE 4.0: Base Reactions

Load
Case/Combo FX MY MZ
kN kN-m kN-m
Elcentro RS Max 1189.0726 23954.6618 7134.4356
- -
Ex 2640.9919 57181.1999 15845.9515

Rescaling the Elcentro to the static Ex base shear

(2640.99/1189.07) = 2.22
We then get base shear which are comparable to the static.

TABLE 4.1: Base Reactions

Load
Case/Combo FX MY MZ
kN kN-m kN-m
Elcentro RS Max 2111.7929 42543.4794 12670.7577
- -
Ex 2640.9919 57181.1999 15845.9515

TABLE 4.2: Modal Periods and Frequencies

Case Mode Period Frequency Circular Frequency Eigenvalue
sec cyc/sec rad/sec rad/sec
Modal 1 0.988 1.012 6.361 40.4617
Modal 2 0.321 3.112 19.5515 382.2631
Modal 3 0.184 5.436 34.1537 1166.4722
Modal 4 0.125 8.001 50.2696 2527.028
Modal 5 0.092 10.855 68.2049 4651.9137
Modal 6 0.072 13.943 87.6037 7674.4
Modal 7 0.058 17.132 107.6408 11586.546
Modal 8 0.05 20.175 126.7637 16069.0417
Modal 9 0.044 22.74 142.8768 20413.7759
Modal 10 0.041 24.463 153.7056 23625.4004

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Figure 4.11: Maximum story Displacement

TABLE 4.3: Modal Load Participation Ratios

Case Item Type Item Static Dynamic
% %
Modal Acceleration UX 100 100
Modal Acceleration UY 0 0
Modal Acceleration UZ 0 0

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TABLE 4.4: Modal Participation Factors
Case Mode Period UX Modal Mass Modal Stiffness
sec kN-m kN-m-s kN-m
Modal 1 0.988 -0.000045 0.000001 0.00004
Modal 2 0.321 0.000016 0.000001 0.00038
Modal 3 0.184 -0.00001 0.000001 0.00117
Modal 4 0.125 -0.000007 0.000001 0.00253
Modal 5 0.092 -0.000006 0.000001 0.00465
Modal 6 0.072 0.000005 0.000001 0.00767
Modal 7 0.058 0.000004 0.000001 0.01159
Modal 8 0.05 0.000003 0.000001 0.01607
Modal 9 0.044 0.000002 0.000001 0.02041
Modal 10 0.041 0.000001 0.000001 0.02363

TABLE 4.5: Modal Participating Mass Ratios

Case Mode Period UX Sum UX
sec
Modal 1 0.988 0.8102 0.8102
Modal 2 0.321 0.0988 0.9089
Modal 3 0.184 0.037 0.946
Modal 4 0.125 0.0203 0.9663
Modal 5 0.092 0.0129 0.9793
Modal 6 0.072 0.0088 0.988
Modal 7 0.058 0.0059 0.9939
Modal 8 0.05 0.0037 0.9976
Modal 9 0.044 0.0019 0.9995
Modal 10 0.041 0.0005 1

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5.0 ANALYSIS BY RESPONSE HISTORY ANALYSIS-ETABS
Response history analysis provides for linear or nonlinear evaluation of dynamic structural response under
loading which may vary according to time function.
Dynamic equation can be solved by the following methods;

Modal
Direct integration methods
This linear modal response history analysis as per ASCE 7-10

Figure 5.0: Mass source Data

Figure 5.1: Modal Case Data

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Figure 5.2: Determination of fundamental period
Fundamental period of the structure is 0.988seconds
Defining the time history function, we consider El Centro imperial valley earthquake of 1940.
Consideration is made for the X axis for this project.

Figure 5.3: Time function definition from file

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Define the target response spectrum

Figure 5.3: Defining the response spectrum

Matching the time history with the target response spectrum, this is done for purposes of scaling

Figure 5.4: Time history matched to response spectrum

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Figure 5.5: Time history matched to response spectrum
As per ASCE 7-10, scaled time history has to be greater than target response spectrum from 0.2T to 1.5T
= 0.1976 to 1.482 second. Assigning the time history as a load case. Scale factor = I.g/R = 10/8=1.25
I Importance factor (depends on the occupancy category of the building), g- acceleration due to gravity
= 10m/s2, R- Response reduction factor (determined by the type of lateral load resisting system used, its
a measure of the systems ability to accommodate earthquake loads and absorb energy without collapse)
= 8 (For ductile detailing), Number of time steps = 10/0.1=100

Figure 5.6: Load Case Data

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RESULTS
From the plot below its observed that maximum base shear of 1907.3kN is found at 3.9 seconds and
minimum base shear of 2064kN is found at 3.4 seconds.

Figure 5.7: Base shear against Time

TABLE 5.0: Base Reactions

Load
Case/Combo FX MY MZ
kN kN-m kN-m
Ex -2640.9919 -57181.1999 15845.9515
Time H Max 1907.3164 42043.5999 12384.8881
Time H Min -2064.148 -45073.0728 -11443.8986
From the table above the values of time history base shear are scaled up to the Static base shear as follows
(1907.31+2064.15)/2=1985.73 Implying Scale factor= 2640.99/1985.73 = 1.33

Figure 5.8: Load Case Data

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The new scale factor is then applied generating the base shear results below

TABLE: Base Reactions

Load
Case/Combo FX MY MZ
kN kN-m kN-m
Ex -2640.9919 -57181.1999 15845.9515
Time H Max 2029.3847 44734.3903 13177.5209
Time H Min -2196.2535 -47957.7495 -12176.3081

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6.0 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
Equivalent static method was simpler than Response Spectrum method and the Response History method,
but Static analysis was not sufficient for high-rise building.
ETABS results for Equivalent static and Response spectrum method were nearly same.
The results obtained from static analysis method shows higher storey displacement values as compared to
response spectrum analysis (Table 6.1).
Manual and ETABS result of story displacement, base reaction of Equivalent Static method was
approximately same.
Response spectrum results were more accurate than Equivalent static method.

TABLE 6.0: Comparison Story Forces

Seismic Matlab
Response Time
Coefficient Calculation Static Ex
Spectrum History
Method (RS)
Story Location VX VX VX VX VX
kN kN kN kN kN
Story10 Top 366.18 476.28 -502.9215 364.69 394.09
Story9 Top 662.78 1091.79 -976.0307 703.16 813.15
Story8 Top 897.14 1733.28 -1384.6638 998.72 1163.15
Story7 Top 1076.57 2353.40 -1730.7609 1259.67 1441.59
Story6 Top 1208.39 2921.90 -2016.4698 1488.28 1620.92
Story5 Top 1299.94 3425.20 -2244.2056 1685.78 1787.51
Story4 Top 1358.52 3868.91 -2416.7441 1851.46 1919.02
Story3 Top 1391.48 4281.50 -2537.38 1981.89 2005.75
Story2 Top 1406.13 4716.86 -2610.2316 2071.75 2045.90
Story1 Top 1409.79 5250.87 -2640.9919 2111.79 2031.17

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TABLE 6.1: Story Max Displacements
Matlab Response
Static Ex Time History
Calculation Spectrum

Story Direction Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum

mm mm mm mm
Story10 X 91.57 44.933 33.313 37.939
Story9 X 89.41 43.361 32.278 36.458
Story8 X 85.23 40.753 30.536 34.015
Story7 X 79.24 37.166 28.08 30.736
Story6 X 71.63 32.739 24.972 26.801
Story5 X 62.55 27.623 21.284 22.359
Story4 X 52.13 21.969 17.099 17.67
Story3 X 40.48 15.929 12.514 12.92
Story2 X 27.74 9.693 7.674 7.922
Story1 X 14.14 3.71 2.953 3.057

TABLE 6.2: Story Max Drifts

Time History Response Spectrum

Story Direction Max Drift Max Drift
mm mm
Story10 X 0.494 1.122
Story9 X 0.814 1.866
Story8 X 1.093 2.58
Story7 X 1.312 3.216
Story6 X 1.48 3.768
Story5 X 1.596 4.236
Story4 X 1.663 4.611
Story3 X 1.673 4.849
Story2 X 1.622 4.723
Story1 X 1.019 2.953

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7.0 CONCLUSIONS
From the above study, its concluded that first mode is the most important one given that it provides the
largest mass responding to ground motion, followed by the second mode. These two combined provide
90% of the mass that will vibrate responding to the ground motion. All the above methods confirmed this.
For accurate and precise results, Response history analysis/Time history analysis is a better option.
The fundamental periods determined in Response history, response spectrum compare well with the
empirical value.

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8.0 REFERENCES
[1]. ASCE SEI 7-10, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures.
[2]. US 318:2003, Uganda Standard, Seismic Code of Practice for structural designs.
[3]. A. K Chopra,2012, Dynamics of Structures, Theory and application to earthquake engineering,
Fourth edition
[4]. CSI ETABS 2016
[5]. MATLAB, MATHWORKS 2015

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